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Faccin M, Wiener DJ, Rech RR, Santoro D, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. Common superficial and deep cutaneous bacterial infections in domestic animals: A review. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:796-811. [PMID: 37264789 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231176558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin covers the external surface of animals, and it is constantly exposed to and inhabited by different microorganisms, including bacteria. Alterations in the skin barrier allow commensal and/or pathogenic bacteria to proliferate and penetrate deep into the lower layers of the skin. Being the first barrier to the external environment, the skin is prone to injuries, allowing the penetration of microorganisms that may lead to severe deep infections. Companion animals, especially dogs, are prone to bacterial infections, often secondary to allergic dermatitis. When environmental conditions are unfavorable, horses, cattle, sheep, and goats can develop superficial infections, such as those caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. Deep inflammation is commonly caused by Mycobacterium spp., which results in granulomatous to pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis. Likewise, bacteria such as Nocardia spp. and Actinomyces spp. can cause deep pyogranulomatous inflammation. Bacteria that lead to deep necrotizing lesions (eg, necrotizing fasciitis/flesh-eating bacteria) can be severe and even result in death. This review includes an overview of the most common cutaneous bacterial infections of domestic animals, highlighting the main features and histologic morphology of the bacteria, cutaneous structures involved, and the type of inflammatory infiltrates.
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Fleischman DA, Mauldin EA, Lowe A, Cain CL, Bradley CW. Clinical and histopathological features of rostrolateral nasal alar arteriopathy of German shepherd dogs. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:441-451. [PMID: 37221296 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal arteritis of the nasal philtrum (DANP) has been described in large-breed dogs. OBJECTIVES To characterise clinically distinct, discrete fissures of the dorsolateral nasal alae associated with severe bleeding in German shepherd dogs (GSDs). ANIMALS Fourteen privately owned GSDs with linear rostrolateral nasal alar fissures and a histopathological diagnosis of nasal vasculopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of medical records and histological slides. RESULTS Mean age of onset was 6 years. Before biopsy, episodic arteriolar bleeding was noted in 11 of the 14 (79%) dogs. Slide analysis revealed enlarged nasal arterioles with expanded vascular tunics and luminal stenosis beneath ulcers. Histopathological lesions consistent with mucocutaneous pyoderma and/or facial discoid lupus erythematosus were present in 5 of the 14 (36%) dogs. Enlarged arterioles stained blue with Alcian blue and Masson's trichrome stains, consistent with deposition of mucin and collagen, respectively. Immunohistochemical stains (neutrophil myeloperoxidase, IBA1, CD3) were performed. CD3 was negative for all dogs, whilst neutrophil myeloperoxidase and IBA1 occasionally demonstrated intramural neutrophils (3 of the 14 dogs, 21%) or histiocytes (1 of the 14 dogs, 7%) in altered vessels, respectively. All dogs underwent medical management and/or surgical excision. Treatments included tacrolimus, prednisone, ciclosporin-modified, pentoxifylline, antimicrobials and doxycycline/niacinamide. No dogs were treated with antimicrobials alone. For seven dogs with long-term follow-up, treatment response was complete in five (71%) and partial in two (29%), with six of the seven (86%) receiving immunomodulatory treatments to maintain remission. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nasal alar arteriopathy of GSDs shares histopathological changes with DANP. It has characteristic clinical and histopathological features and appears amenable to immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Fleischman
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mauldin
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Lowe
- Alta Vista Animal Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine L Cain
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles W Bradley
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Khongsri U, Chongrattanameteekul P, Chantarachart S, Photichai K, Chanayat N, Varinrak T, Mektrirat R, Srifawattana N. Comparative Susceptibility of Pathogenic Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius to Empirical Cotrimazole for Canine Pyoderma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051210. [PMID: 37240855 DOI: 10.3390/life13051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) that causes pyoderma has been gradually shifting, according to many surveillance studies, with annual changes. The empirical cotrimazole regimen remains interesting, but research on cotrimazole susceptibility to MRSP is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of cotrimazole to canine pyoderma MRSP isolates. Sixty isolates of S. pseudintermedius were identified as 16 MRSP and 44 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) using an oxacillin disk diffusion test and VITEK 2 system with VITEK GP card. Using the VITEK 2 system with a VITEK AST-GP81 card, the susceptibility rates of MRSP (15.00%) and MSSP (35.00%) to cotrimazole was observed. The median MIC of cotrimazole on MSSP (median, ≤10; IQR, 10-320) was lower than that of MRSP (median, ≥320; IQR, 10-320) (p = 0.5889, Mann-Whitney test). Percent attainment of PK/PD targets in MRSP (q 12 h, 43.75; q 8 h, 43.75) were lower than that of MSSP (q 12 h, 52.27; q 8 h, 52.27) (p = 0.7710). These findings show the moderately phenotypic cotrimazole susceptibilities of both MRSP and MSSP. Further study is required to develop clinical trials examining the use of cotrimazole in dogs with pyoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usasom Khongsri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Peerawit Chongrattanameteekul
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Chantarachart
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kornravee Photichai
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chanayat
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Thanya Varinrak
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Epidemiological and Innovative Research Group for Infectious Diseases, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuttawan Srifawattana
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Marchegiani A, Fruganti A, Bazzano M, Cerquetella M, Dini F, Spaterna A. Fluorescent Light Energy in the Management of Multi Drug Resistant Canine Pyoderma: A Prospective Exploratory Study. Pathogens 2022; 11:1197. [PMID: 36297254 PMCID: PMC9608719 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in prevalence of staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance has been also associated with pyoderma in dogs, and prolonged antibiotic treatment, as often needed in severe cases of pyoderma, has been related to influencing possible development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Fluorescent light energy (FLE) has been indicated to improve pyoderma lesions as adjunct therapy to systemic antibiotics. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of FLE on clinical signs of MDR canine deep pyoderma (CDP) and interdigital furunculosis (CIF) when administered as solely management. Sixteen client-owned dogs affected by CIF (five dogs) and CDP (eleven dogs) were scored using a dedicated scoring system and received a single FLE applications twice weekly, until clinical resolution was achieved. Mean time to achieve complete resolution was 5.20 ± 3.56 weeks (median 3 weeks) for CIF cases and 4.18 ± 1.47 weeks (median 4 weeks) for CDP ones. FLE shows promise as an aid to managing clinical signs while reducing reliance on antibiotics for MDR CDP and CIF. In this study, FLE was responsible for the decrease in lesion scores and resolution of MDR pyoderma infection without any adjunct therapy, having a potential useful role to play in antibiotic stewardship programs, efficiently promoting complete clinical resolution of MDR lesions while optimizing the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
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Azzariti S, Bond R, Loeffler A, Zendri F, Timofte D, Chang YM, Pelligand L. Investigation of In Vitro Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms in Skin Pathogens: Perspectives for Fluoroquinolone Therapy in Canine Pyoderma. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091204. [PMID: 36139982 PMCID: PMC9494949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are commonly used in dogs with bacterial skin infections. Their use as first choice, along with the increased incidence of FQ-resistance, represents a risk to animal and public health. Our study determined minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of five FQs in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Escherichia coli, together with FQ-resistance mechanisms. MICs, efflux pump (EP) overexpression and MBCs were measured in 249 skin infection isolates following CLSI guidelines (CLSI VET01-A4, CLSI M26-A). Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance genes were investigated after DNA extraction and sequencing. FQ-resistance was detected in 10% of methicillin-susceptible (MS), 90% of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and in 36% of E. coli. Bactericidal effect was observed except in 50% of MRSA/P for ciprofloxacin and in 20% of MRSPs for enrofloxacin. Highest MICs were associated with double mutation in gyrA (Ser83Leu + Asp87Asn), efflux pumps and three PMQR genes in E. coli, and grlA (Ser80Phe + Glu84Lys) in S. aureus. EP overexpression was high among E. coli (96%), low in S. aureus (1%) and absent in S. pseudintermedius. Pradofloxacin and moxifloxacin showed low MICs with bactericidal effect. Since in vitro FQ resistance was associated with MR, FQ use should be prudently guided by susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Azzariti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Ross Bond
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Flavia Zendri
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Ludovic Pelligand
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Correspondence:
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Rich N, Brune J, Duclos D. A novel cytological technique for bacterial detection on canine skin. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:108-e30. [PMID: 34734448 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytological examination of the skin is an important diagnostic technique in dermatology for disease diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. Impression smear and tape-strip preparation are gold standard cytological techniques. This study introduces a novel cytological method, slurry preparation, in which debris collected from the skin surface is macerated in warm sterile water and dried on the slide. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare organism yield between a novel and two standard cytological collection techniques by evaluating bacteria and Malassezia yeast counts. ANIMALS Thirty client-owned dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and lesions consistent with pyoderma and/or Malassezia dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective, blinded comparison study, dermatological lesions from each dog were sampled using impression smear, tape-strip and slurry preparation methodologies. Ten random reticle fields per lesion, accounting for a total area of 6.25 × 10-3 mm2 (equivalent to ˜5% of a typical ×40 field field), were evaluated by light microscopy for each cytological method. Bacterial and Malassezia organisms were measured as counts/sample. The slurry preparation was compared to each of the standard methodologies separately using paired Student's t-tests. RESULTS The slurry preparation was demonstrated to be more sensitive than gold standard techniques in detecting bacteria, with mean differences of 12.7 and 13.5 additional bacteria per cytological sample, compared to the impression and tape-strip preparations, respectively. The slurry preparation did not differ significantly in detecting Malassezia organisms compared with impression smear preparation. The tape-strip preparation was demonstrated to be more sensitive than the slurry preparation in the detection of Malassezia organisms, finding a mean difference of 0.22 more organisms per sample. CONCLUSION Slurry preparation presents advantages over the gold standard techniques in the detection of bacteria which can help to manage canine pyoderma more appropriately. Performing a slurry preparation in cases of suspected canine pyoderma could be considered as an alternative to the gold standard techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Rich
- Animal Skin and Allergy Clinic, 16429 7th Place West, Lynnwood, WA, USA
| | - Jourdan Brune
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Magnuson Health Sciences Building, The University of Washington, Campus Box 357340, Seattle, WA, 98195-7340, USA
| | - David Duclos
- Animal Skin and Allergy Clinic, 16429 7th Place West, Lynnwood, WA, USA
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Gutierrez L, Tapia G, Ocampo L, Monroy-Barreto M, Sumano H. Oral Plus Topical Administration of Enrofloxacin-Hydrochloride-Dihydrate for the Treatment of Unresponsive Canine Pyoderma. A Clinical Trial. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E943. [PMID: 32485942 PMCID: PMC7341524 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An outpatient clinical trial on unresponsive deep-bacterial canine pyoderma (UDCP), without a control group, is presented. The chosen treatment was implemented with a new crystal-solvate of enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin HCl-2H2O or enro-C), in a dual scheme, i.e., 10 mg/kg/day PO, plus its topical administration, prepared as 0.5% in an alginate gel, thrice per day. Fifty-five cases that were unsuccessfully treated previously with another antibacterial drug, were selected and then classified as severe or very severe, according to a clinical score tailored for this trial. Aerobic bacteriological cultures of skin lesions and antibacterial sensitivity tests, were performed. Hematological status, liver, and kidney functions were determined before and after treatment. A complete success was obtained in 32 severe and 23 very severe, cases. The main bacterial isolates were: Staphylococcus intermedius (19/99), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (16/99), Staphylococcus epidermidis (15/99), Staphylococcus pyogenes (14/99), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus sp., and others including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6/99). The average duration of treatment was 8.03 days ± 2.1 SD and 12.0 ± 2.4 days, for dogs with severe or very severe UDCP, respectively. The adverse effects caused by enro-C were inconsequential and the hematological tests showed no deviations from normality. The use of enro-C administered dually to treat UDCP, is considered safe and highly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.); (L.O.)
| | - Graciela Tapia
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Luis Ocampo
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.); (L.O.)
| | - Minerva Monroy-Barreto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Hector Sumano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.G.); (L.O.)
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8
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Loeffler A, Lloyd D. What has changed in canine pyoderma? A narrative review. Vet J 2018; 235:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Layne EA, Zabel S. Impression Smear Agreement with Acetate Tape Preparation for Cytologic Sampling. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:193-197. [PMID: 28535133 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous cytologic sampling techniques are used to detect bacteria, yeast, and inflammatory cells for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Studies have examined slide evaluation techniques, ear swab cytology staining methods, and observer variations; few studies compare common clinical sampling techniques. The primary aim of this study was to measure detection of microorganisms and neutrophils by impression smear compared to acetate tape preparation; comparison of agreement between two acetate tape staining methods was a secondary aim. Thirty lesions consistent with superficial pyoderma were sampled via impression smear and acetate tape preparation. Acetate tape preparations were either stained with modified Romanowksy stain solutions two and three or solution three alone. Impression smears were stained in the standard manner. Bacteria, yeast, and neutrophils were evaluated using a semi-quantitative scale [0-4]. Quantities were aggregated and compared using Cohen's kappa to measure agreement between methods. When impression smears were compared to acetate tape, the lowest agreement occurred for neutrophils, with impression smears detecting more neutrophils. Comparison of acetate tape staining methods had the highest agreement for yeast detection. Sampling technique and staining method did not differ for detection of bacteria. Impression smears detected more neutrophils, and yeast detection appeared equivalent for acetate tape staining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Layne
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (E.A.L.); and the Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (S.Z.)
| | - Sonja Zabel
- From the Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (E.A.L.); and the Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (S.Z.)
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Mesman ML, Kirby AL, Rosenkrantz WS, Griffin CE. Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with topical antimicrobial sprays againstStaphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:261-e61. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mollie L. Mesman
- Animal Dermatology Clinic; 4834 Lincoln Boulevard Marina del Rey CA 90293 USA
| | - Allison L. Kirby
- Animal Dermatology Clinic; 4834 Lincoln Boulevard Marina del Rey CA 90293 USA
| | | | - Craig E. Griffin
- Animal Dermatology Clinic; 5610 Kearny Mesa Road San Diego CA 92111 USA
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Pipe-Martin HN, Peterson TA, Langohr IM, Lane M, Fletcher JM, Gaschen F, Pucheu-Haston CM. Sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction associated with postgrooming furunculosis in a dog. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:198-e49. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N. Pipe-Martin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LO 70803 USA
| | - Tiffany A. Peterson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LO 70803 USA
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LO 70803 USA
| | - Martha Lane
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LO 70803 USA
| | - Jon M. Fletcher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LO 70803 USA
| | - Frederic Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LO 70803 USA
| | - Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LO 70803 USA
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12
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Windahl U, Bengtsson B, Nyman AK, Holst B. The distribution of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among canine surgical wound infections in Sweden in relation to different risk factors. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:11. [PMID: 25886937 PMCID: PMC4361205 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common nosocomial infection in dogs and a growing concern in veterinary hospitals as an increase in multidrug-resistant pathogens is reported. Despite the need for rational and prudent antimicrobial use, few peer-reviewed and published veterinary studies have investigated the pathogenic growth including susceptibility patterns of the isolated pathogens in canine SSIs. The first objective of the present study was to estimate the distribution of bacterial pathogens in dogs with SSI and to investigate whether this was influenced by type of surgical procedure (clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty), duration of hospitalization, wound classification and depth of the infection, or antimicrobial treatment. The second objective was to assess susceptibility patterns to clinically relevant antimicrobials. During three years, four animal referral hospitals and three small animal clinics submitted bacterial swabs from canine SSIs for culture and susceptibility, together with a questionnaire completed by the attending clinician. Results Approximately two thirds of the in total 194 isolates were staphylococci. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most prevalent finding (46%) followed by beta haemolytic Streptococcus spp. (24%). No associations between distribution of the isolated pathogens and classification of the surgical procedure, duration of hospitalization or depth of the SSI were shown, with the exception of Escherichia coli isolates being significantly more often found in deep wound infections than in superficial skin infections. Overall the possibilities of finding first generations antimicrobials to treat the SSIs included in the study were favorable, as the isolated pathogens were mostly without acquired antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance was uncommon. There were only three cases of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius-infections (one percent of all isolates), one case of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli-infection, and no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Conclusions None of the investigated factors were shown to influence the distribution of bacterial pathogens. The majority of SSIs were caused by staphylococci, and S. pseudintermedius was the most prevalent pathogen. Based on the study results, use of first-line antimicrobials prior to receiving culture and susceptibility results is a rational empirical antimicrobial therapy for the studied dog population.
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13
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Summers JF, Hendricks A, Brodbelt DC. Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:240. [PMID: 25293803 PMCID: PMC4193143 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concern has been raised regarding the potential contributions of veterinary antimicrobial use to increasing levels of resistance in bacteria critically important to human health. Canine pyoderma is a frequent, often recurrent diagnosis in pet dogs, usually attributable to secondary bacterial infection of the skin. Lesions can range in severity based on the location, total area and depth of tissue affected and antimicrobial therapy is recommended for resolution. This study aimed to describe patient signalment, disease characteristics and treatment prescribed in a large number of UK, primary-care canine pyoderma cases and to estimate pyoderma prevalence in the UK vet-visiting canine population. Results Of 54,600 dogs presented to 73 participating practices in 2010, 683 (1.3%) had a pyoderma diagnosis recorded in available electronic patient record (EPR) data. Antimicrobials were dispensed in 97% of cases and most dogs were prescribed systemic therapy (92%). Agents most frequently prescribed were amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefalexin, clindamycin and cefovecin. Systemic antimicrobials were prescribed for fewer than 14 days in around 40% of study cases reviewed in detail. Prescribed daily doses were below minimum recommended daily dose (MRDD) in 26% of 43 dogs with sufficient information for calculation of minimum dose. Conclusions Antimicrobial prescribing behaviour for treatment of canine pyoderma was variable but frequently appeared inconsistent with current recommendations. Use of clinical data from primary practice EPRs can provide valuable insight into common clinical conditions and associated prescribing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0240-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Summers
- Department of Population and Public Health (PPH), Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Anke Hendricks
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
| | - David C Brodbelt
- Department of Population and Public Health (PPH), Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
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