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Cerquetella M, Mangiaterra S, Pinnella F, Rossi G, Marchegiani A, Gavazza A, Serri E, Di Cerbo A, Marini C, Cecconi D, Sorio D, Marchetti V, Vincenzetti S. Fecal Proteome Profile in Dogs Suffering from Different Hepatobiliary Disorders and Comparison with Controls. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2343. [PMID: 37508119 PMCID: PMC10376375 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the fecal proteomes of clinically healthy dogs (HD = n. 10), of dogs showing clinical, ultrasonographic, and/or laboratory evidence of different hepatobiliary dysfunction (DHD = n. 10), and of dogs suffering from chronic hepatitis (CHD = n. 10) were investigated with an Ultimate 3000 nanoUPLC system, coupled to an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer. Fifty-two different proteins of canine origin were identified qualitatively in the three study groups, and quantitative differences were found in 55 proteins when comparing groups. Quantitatively, a total of 41 and 36 proteins were found differentially abundant in the DHD and CHD groups compared to the control HD, and 38 proteins resulted dysregulated in the CHD group as compared to the DHD group. Among the various proteins, differently abundant fecal fibronectin and haptoglobin were more present in the feces of healthy and DHD dogs than in chronic ones, leading us to hypothesize its possible diagnostic/monitoring role in canine chronic hepatitis. On the other hand, the trefoil factor 2 was increased in DHD dogs. Our results show that the analysis of the fecal proteome is a very promising field of study, and in the case of dogs suffering from different hepatobiliary disorders, it was able to highlight both qualitative and quantitative differences among the three groups included. Results need to be confirmed with western blotting and in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- Futuravet Veterinary Referral Center, 62029 Tolentino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinnella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Evelina Serri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorio
- Centre for Technological Platforms (CPT), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, VR, Italy
| | - Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
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Marchegiani A, Spaterna A, Fruganti A, Cerquetella M. Exploring fluorescent light energy as management option for canine superficial bacterial folliculitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1155105. [PMID: 37332738 PMCID: PMC10272430 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) represents a common dermatological diagnosis in dogs that can be successfully managed with either topical and/or systemic treatments. In the present study we evaluated the efficacy of a fluorescent light energy (FLE) device as sole management for SBF. The same FLE device has been shown, as adjunct therapy to systemic antibiotic or alone, to effectively control clinical manifestation of interdigital furunculosis. Twenty dogs were randomized to receive FLE once (six dogs) or twice (six dogs) weekly in comparison with oral anti-biotic (eight dogs) until complete healing. FLE regimen was able to significantly reduce the time needed to clinical resolution for oral antibiotic, supporting owners' compliance and welfare of dogs.
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Candellone A, Badino P, Girolami F, Cerquetella M, Nebbia P, Aresu L, Zoppi S, Bergero D, Odore R. Concomitant Campylobacteriosis in a Puppy and in Its Caregiver: A One Health Perspective Paradigm in Human-Pet Relationship. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040244. [PMID: 37104398 PMCID: PMC10146306 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter (C). jejuni and C. upsaliensis symptomatic infection in a puppy, a French Bouledogue, female, 6 months of age, fed a raw, unbalanced, poultry-based diet (RPD), (48.1 CP, 33% EE, 0.3% Ca, 0.5% Phos, 0.5 Ca/P, on a dry-matter basis), and in its owner. Soon after adoption, the pet and the caregiver showed severe gastrointestinal signs and needed hospitalization. Fecal PCR assays, selective cultures, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed, and multi-drug resistant C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis were isolated from the feces of both. The same bacteria were also identified by FISH in the dog colonic biopsies collected during endoscopy. The puppy was prescribed a complete commercial diet for growing dogs, (30.00% CP, 21.00% EE, 1.2% Ca; 1% Phos; as fed) and treated with ciprofloxacin. The dog and the man healed uneventfully and tested negative for further fecal PCR analyses. This report focuses on dog nutritional management and explores the potential routes of exposure, with emphasis on emerging outbreaks related to current pet food fads. Our data support the One Health approach, where veterinarians, physicians, and owners are challenged to build effective stewardship to prevent the spread of zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Candellone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- NutriTO Vet srl., 10090 Rosta, Italy
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Rosangela Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Cerquetella M, Mangiaterra S, Rossi G, Gavazza A, Marchegiani A, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Angeloni S, Fioretti L, Marini C, Pucciarelli S, Vincenzetti S. Fecal Protein Profile in Eight Dogs Suffering from Acute Uncomplicated Diarrhea before and after Treatment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030233. [PMID: 36977272 PMCID: PMC10051911 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute diarrhea is a very frequent condition affecting dogs; nevertheless, little is known about what happens in the GI tract during such conditions. Proteomics allows the study of proteins present in a specific biologic substrate, and fecal proteomic investigations have been recently implemented to study GI diseases in dogs. In the present study, the fecal protein profiles of eight dogs suffering from acute uncomplicated diarrhea at the time of inclusion was investigated for the first time, and then the same patients were followed, replicating two further evaluations at two subsequent time points (after 2 and 14 days from the first presentation), with the aim of gaining possible new insights regarding the pathologic changes in the gastrointestinal environment during such conditions. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed, followed by mass spectrometry. Nine spots, corresponding to four (groups of) proteins (i.e., albumin, alkaline phosphatase, chymotrypsin-C-like, and some immunoglobulins), showed significant differences at two or more of the three time points investigated, almost all behaving similarly and decreasing at T1 (2 days after the onset of the condition) and significantly increasing at T2 (14 days after the onset), mainly evidencing a reaction of the organism. Further studies including a greater number of patients and possibly different techniques are needed to confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Laboratory of LC-MS, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Simone Angeloni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Laboratory of LC-MS, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Marini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile II da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
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Marchegiani A, Fruganti A, Bazzano M, Cerquetella M, Dini F, Spaterna A. Fluorescent Light Energy in the Management of Multi Drug Resistant Canine Pyoderma: A Prospective Exploratory Study. Pathogens 2022; 11:1197. [PMID: 36297254 PMCID: PMC9608719 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in prevalence of staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance has been also associated with pyoderma in dogs, and prolonged antibiotic treatment, as often needed in severe cases of pyoderma, has been related to influencing possible development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Fluorescent light energy (FLE) has been indicated to improve pyoderma lesions as adjunct therapy to systemic antibiotics. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of FLE on clinical signs of MDR canine deep pyoderma (CDP) and interdigital furunculosis (CIF) when administered as solely management. Sixteen client-owned dogs affected by CIF (five dogs) and CDP (eleven dogs) were scored using a dedicated scoring system and received a single FLE applications twice weekly, until clinical resolution was achieved. Mean time to achieve complete resolution was 5.20 ± 3.56 weeks (median 3 weeks) for CIF cases and 4.18 ± 1.47 weeks (median 4 weeks) for CDP ones. FLE shows promise as an aid to managing clinical signs while reducing reliance on antibiotics for MDR CDP and CIF. In this study, FLE was responsible for the decrease in lesion scores and resolution of MDR pyoderma infection without any adjunct therapy, having a potential useful role to play in antibiotic stewardship programs, efficiently promoting complete clinical resolution of MDR lesions while optimizing the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
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Mangiaterra S, Vincenzetti S, Rossi G, Marchegiani A, Gavazza A, Petit T, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Cerquetella M. Evaluation of the Fecal Proteome in Healthy and Diseased Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) Suffering from Gastrointestinal Disorders. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182392. [PMID: 36139251 PMCID: PMC9494964 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal proteomics allows for the identification of proteins and peptides present in stools and is useful in finding possible new biomarkers for diagnosing and/or monitoring gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In the present study, we investigated the fecal proteome in healthy and diseased cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Captive individuals of this species frequently show gastrointestinal disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of diarrhea, rare episodes of vomiting and weight loss, associated with Helicobacter spp. infection. Fecal proteomic evaluation has been performed by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In healthy cheetahs, the results showed the presence of the following proteins: collagen alpha-1 (II) chain, transthyretin, IgG Fc-binding protein, titin, dystonin, isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1, sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 and protein disulfide-isomerase A6. The presence of albumin isoforms was found only in diseased cheetahs. The present paper reports the study of the fecal proteome in the cheetah, evidences some differences between healthy and diseased patients and confirms, once again, the potential of fecal proteomics for the study of the GI environment, with promising developments regarding the identification of new diagnostic/monitoring markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino, 1, 32032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino, 1, 32032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy
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Cerquetella M, Marchegiani A, Rossi G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Passamonti F, Isidori M, Rueca F. Case Report: Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Dog Suffering From Relapsing Chronic Diarrhea-Clinical Outcome and Follow-Up. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:893342. [PMID: 35859811 PMCID: PMC9289623 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.893342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case report describes the effects of orally administered fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) (frozen capsules) in a dog suffering from relapsing chronic diarrhea, needing a continuous low prednisolone dose to maintain the condition under acceptable control. Through FMT, we aimed at evaluating the possibility of improving the clinical score and/or reducing/suspending steroid administration. During a first period of strict monitoring (21 days), the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI) score passed from mild to clinically insignificant disease. Furthermore, two additional gastrointestinal signs that had been reported, bloating and episodes of painful defecation, rapidly improved (bloating) or even resolved (painful defecation). The patient was then followed for 18 months (to the authors' knowledge, the longest follow-up time ever reported in a dog), during which no serious relapses occurred and no increase in prednisolone dose was necessary. No adverse clinical effects were ever reported during monitoring. The present description provides a further experience increasing those already present in the veterinary literature, in which an agreement on how to use FMT has not yet been achieved although strongly needed and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Isidori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rueca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Marchegiani A, Fruganti A, Gavazza A, Spaterna A, Cerquetella M. Fluorescence Biomodulation for Canine Interdigital Furunculosis: Updates for Once-Weekly Schedule. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:880349. [PMID: 35795783 PMCID: PMC9251493 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.880349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interdigital furunculosis is a common multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the canine interdigital skin in which lesions commonly become secondarily infected. Fluorescence biomodulation (FBM) administered twice weekly has shown to effectively control clinical manifestation as adjunct therapy to systemic antibiotic. Since twice weekly regimen could be unaffordable for some pet owners, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of once weekly application of FBM in combination with systemic antibiotic on clinical manifestations of canine interdigital pyoderma, comparing the results to those present in literature. Twelve dogs diagnosed with interdigital pyoderma received antibiotic plus once weekly FBM application. Dogs were scored until complete healing based on global lesion score and neutrophil engulfing bacterial score. The results obtained demonstrated that once weekly application of FBM exerts the same beneficial effect on interdigital furunculosis healing as per twice weekly, indicating that once weekly regimen is well tolerated and is yielding similar results to twice weekly applications.
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Mangiaterra S, Marker L, Cerquetella M, Galosi L, Marchegiani A, Gavazza A, Rossi G. Chronic Stress-Related Gastroenteric Pathology in Cheetah: Relation between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Biology 2022; 11:biology11040606. [PMID: 35453805 PMCID: PMC9028982 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The cheetah is the fastest land mammal. Habitat destruction, high mortality due to other predators, and illegal wildlife trade has led to a decrease in the wild population. Currently, the global adult population present in their natural habitat is estimated to be 7100 individuals. In captivity, the population suffers from limited reproduction and disease. Both the wild and captive populations have reduced genetic diversity from a historic bottleneck, leading to increased ecological and environmental vulnerability. Over the years, conservation programs have been developed for habitat protection, management of human–animal conflict, and the study of disease and genetics. Among these, the one with the greatest prevalence in captivity is chronic gastritis. This review analyzes the scientific literature on gastric pathology in cheetah, with the potential causes divided into “extrinsic factors”, such as living conditions and diet, and “intrinsic factors”, including the presence of Helicobacter-like organisms and the genetic predisposition. Abstract The rapid decline of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) throughout their range and long-term studies of captive breeding has increased conservation action for this species including the study of chronic diseases. Gastritis is one of the captive diseases that leads to high mortality presented with symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss. The disease presents different histological lesions in the gastrointestinal tract that are characterized by inconstant and different clinical appearance in captive and free-range cheetahs. The aim of this review is to summarize the causes of chronic gastritis in the cheetah. Factors including diet, living conditions, infections with gastric Helicobacter-like organisms (GHLOs), the lack of genetic polymorphism and the cheetah’s specific-immunocompetence are analyzed. All studies on gastroenteric cheetah pathologies, conducted between 1991 (to the best of our knowledge, the first report on online databases) and 2021, are included in this review, highlighting the possible correlation between stress-related captive conditions and chronic gastric pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurie Marker
- Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo 9000, Namibia;
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (A.G.); (G.R.)
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Mangiaterra S, Schmidt-Küntzel A, Marker L, Di Cerbo A, Piccinini R, Guadagnini D, Turba ME, Berardi S, Galosi L, Preziuso S, Cerquetella M, Rossi G. Effect of a Probiotic Mixture in Captive Cheetahs (Acinonyx Jubatus) with Gastrointestinal Symptoms—A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030395. [PMID: 35158716 PMCID: PMC8833592 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotics in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders in both humans and animals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a specific probiotic mixture in cheetahs. In the wild, cheetah populations have drastically reduced due to habitat destruction, human–wildlife conflict and illegal wildlife trade. In captivity, chronic gastrointestinal diseases have a high prevalence. Based on our results, it can be concluded that probiotics may be helpful as a dietary supplement in cheetahs suffering from gastrointestinal disease. Abstract Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) are classified as “vulnerable” species due to the low numbers persisting in the wild. Gastrointestinal diseases are very common in this species when they are kept in captivity, in particular gastritis. Clinical signs are predominantly characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss and anorexia. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic in two groups of cheetahs: Group A (n = 4)—rescued cheetahs housed at the Cheetah Conservation Fund (Otjiwarongo, Namibia); Group B (n = 9)—captive cheetahs housed in Italian zoos. Animals showed gastrointestinal signs of different severity, and were positive for Helicobacter spp., detected by PCR in stool samples. Two sachets of probiotic formulation were administered to all cheetahs once a day for 21 consecutive days. Clinical conditions (appetite loss, vomiting, stool consistency and Body Condition Score) before (T0) and after 21 days of probiotic administration (T1) were then compared using a simplified Feline Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index (FCEAI) score. A slight but not significant improvement in the scores was observed in Group A, which had mild intestinal symptoms, while a significant decrease in vomiting and stool consistency (**p < 0.01) scores was observed in Group B, which had more pronounced symptoms. Results suggest that high concentrations of live probiotics can be of help in managing gastrointestinal signs in cheetahs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Laurie Marker
- Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo 9000, Namibia; (A.S.-K.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Berardi
- DVM Freelance Consultant, 62100 Macerata, MC, Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Silvia Preziuso
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
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Cerquetella M, Marchegiani A, Mangiaterra S, Rossi G, Gavazza A, Tesei B, Spaterna A, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Polzonetti V, Pucciarelli S, Vincenzetti S. Faecal proteome in clinically healthy dogs and cats: Findings in pooled faeces from 10 cats and 10 dogs. Vet Rec Open 2021; 8:e9. [PMID: 33981443 PMCID: PMC8110131 DOI: 10.1002/vro2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the scientific literature, there are only a few manuscripts available on small animal faecal proteomics. METHODS In the present pilot study, this evaluation was performed using pooled faecal samples from 10 clinically healthy dogs and, for the first time, in 10 clinically healthy cats by mean of two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our results showed the presence of nine (albumin, alkaline phosphatase, chymotrypsin-C-like, cytosol aminopeptidase, elastase-3B/proteinase E, immunoglobulins and nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210) and 14 (albumin, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein, chymotrypsin-like, deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 protein-like, hypothetical protein LOC107375, immunoglobulin, kallikrein-1, superoxide dismutase, transthyretin precursor, interstitial collagenase-like) different proteins in canine and feline faeces, respectively. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings document the presence of a range of proteins in the faeces of apparently healthy dogs and cats and may serve as a basis for larger, prospective studies to establish reference proteomic data against which diseased populations can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
| | - Beniamino Tesei
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Camerino MC Italy
| | - Stefania Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Camerino MC Italy
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino Matelica MC Italy
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12
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Rossi G, Gavazza A, Vincenzetti S, Mangiaterra S, Galosi L, Marchegiani A, Pengo G, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Cerquetella M. Clinicopathological and Fecal Proteome Evaluations in 16 Dogs Presenting Chronic Diarrhea Associated with Lymphangiectasia. Vet Sci 2021; 8:242. [PMID: 34679072 PMCID: PMC8537460 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a condition characterized by variably severe gastrointestinal signs, frequently associated with laboratory abnormalities; the research for markers allowing a better understanding of the severity degree and/or obtaining an early diagnosis and/or monitoring is continuously progressing. In the present study, we investigated possible new diagnostic/follow-up markers in IL dogs, namely, serum C-reactive protein, serum bacterial lipopolysaccharide, serum cleaved cytokeratin 18, serum citrulline, and zonulin (in both serum and feces). A fecal proteomic study looking for possible confirmation and/or new marker candidates was also performed. All markers in both substrates, with the exception of serum citrulline, significantly differed between diseased and control dogs. Fecal proteomics allowed the retrieval of three proteins in IL dogs (Fc fragment of IgG-binding protein; transthyretin; proproteinase E) that were not previously found in clinically healthy subjects. Although further studies are needed, C-reactive protein, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, cleaved cytokeratin 18, and zonulin (in both serum and feces) resulted as promising markers for canine IL; similarly, fecal proteomics represents a road worthy of being pursued in the search for candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Vincenzetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Graziano Pengo
- St. Antonio Veterinary Clinic, S.S. 415 Paullese 6, 26020 Madignano, Italy;
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant’Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (G.R.); (A.G.); (S.V.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
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13
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Rossi G, Galosi L, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Mangiaterra S. Therapeutic approaches to coronavirus infection according to "One Health" concept. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:81-88. [PMID: 33588098 PMCID: PMC7871813 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviridae constantly infect human and animals causing respiratory, gastroenteric or systemic diseases. Over time, these viruses have shown a marked ability to mutate, jumping over the human-animal barrier, thus becoming from enzootic to zoonotic. In the last years, numerous therapeutic protocols have been developed, mainly for severe acute respiratory syndromes in humans. The aim of this review is to summarize drugs or other approaches used in coronavirus infections focusing on different roles of these molecules or bacterial products on viral adhesion and replication or in modulating the host's immune system. Within the "One Health" concept, the study of viral pathogenic role and possible therapeutic approaches in both humans and animals is essential to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- Corresponding author at: School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95 – 62024, Matelica (MC), Italy
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14
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Marchegiani A, Spaterna A, Cerquetella M. Current Applications and Future Perspectives of Fluorescence Light Energy Biomodulation in Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2021; 8:20. [PMID: 33504091 PMCID: PMC7912178 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to determine the state of the art of the mode of action and potential applications of fluorescence photobiomodulation in veterinary medicine. After a summary of the assets that have led the translation of such light-based therapies from bench side into clinical use, recent advances in canine dermatology using this brand-new approach are presented, and future scenarios where this type of care may provide benefits over the current standard care are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.S.); (M.C.)
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15
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Marchegiani A, Tambella AM, Fruganti A, Spaterna A, Cerquetella M, Paterson S. Management of canine perianal fistula with fluorescence light energy: preliminary findings. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:460-e122. [PMID: 32914496 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine perianal fistula (CPF) is a severe, painful, debilitating skin condition affecting the perianal skin. It often interferes with the quality of life of both dog and owner. Conventional medical treatment involves the use of immunosuppressive therapy; however, the successful resolution of lesions can be limited by poor owner compliance, adverse drug effects and dependence on costly therapies. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to assess the potential benefits of fluorescent light energy (FLE) on cases of CPF. ANIMALS Four dogs with active perianal fistulas METHODS AND MATERIALS: FLE was applied as sole management therapy once a week with two consecutive applications in the same session for each dog until clinical signs had significantly improved, with weekly assessments for a six week period. Dogs were assessed by measuring the size of lesions at the start of the study and then weekly for six weeks, using planimetry software. Owners recorded vocalization and straining frequency scores during their pet's defaecation, and perianal licking frequency on a 0-5 point scale to assess the response to therapy. RESULTS All dogs improved with FLE, achieving a significant reduction in vocalization, straining and licking after two weeks (P = 0.002). After five weeks of FLE therapy, lesional areas had significantly decreased (P = 0.04). Only one dog required more than seven applications. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE FLE may be a promising alternative therapy for CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, Marche, I-62024, Italy
| | - Adolfo M Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, Marche, I-62024, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, Marche, I-62024, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, Marche, I-62024, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, Marche, I-62024, Italy
| | - Susan Paterson
- Virtual Vet Derms Ltd., Lakeview, 3 High Birkrigg Park, Stainton, Kendal, LA8 0DY, UK
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16
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Rossi G, Pengo G, Galosi L, Berardi S, Tambella AM, Attili AR, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Jergens AE, Guard BC, Lidbury JA, Stainer JM, Crovace AM, Suchodolski JS. Effects of the Probiotic Mixture Slab51® (SivoMixx®) as Food Supplement in Healthy Dogs: Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota, Clinical Parameters and Immune Function. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:613. [PMID: 33102555 PMCID: PMC7499176 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in several physiologic functions of the host. In humans and animals, manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by oral administration of probiotic lactic acid bacteria plays a significant role in modulating the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the probiotic mixture Slab51® and the capacity of this mixture to stimulate immune function in healthy dogs. Twenty dogs were divided in two groups and received a control diet or the same diet supplemented with a dose of 400 billion cfu of lyophilized bacteria for a period of 60 days. Body weight, food intake, body condition score (BCS), fecal score (FSS), fecal immunoglobulin IgA concentration, plasma IgG concentration, and fecal microbiota composition were monitored. Weight, food intake, BCS, FSS, and biochemical parameters remained unchanged during the treatment in both groups of animals. The fecal microbiota showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Clostridium perfringens and a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus organisms (p < 0.05). Fecal IgA and plasma IgG levels were significantly higher in the group receiving the probiotic compared to healthy controls. These data show that dietary supplementation with the probiotic mixture Slab51® is safe and well-tolerated, modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and enhancing specific immune functions in healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | | | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Albert E Jergens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Blake C Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Joerg M Stainer
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation (DETO), Veterinary Clinic Section and Animal Production - Veterinary Hospital, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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17
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Gavazza A, Marchegiani A, Rossi G, Franzini M, Spaterna A, Mangiaterra S, Cerquetella M. Ozone Therapy as a Possible Option in COVID-19 Management. Front Public Health 2020; 8:417. [PMID: 32984235 PMCID: PMC7477102 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Marianno Franzini
- Oxygen-Ozone Therapy Scientific Society (SIOOT), Gorle, Italy.,Director of Comunian Clinic, Gorle, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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18
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Candellone A, Cerquetella M, Girolami F, Badino P, Odore R. Acute Diarrhea in Dogs: Current Management and Potential Role of Dietary Polyphenols Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080725. [PMID: 32784917 PMCID: PMC7465157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute diarrhea is one of the most common reasons why pet owners seek veterinary care for their canine companions. In many cases, signs resolve spontaneously or with symptomatic therapy without a specific cause being discovered. However, life-threatening cases can occur. The etiology is complex, including infectious diseases (endoparasites, virus, bacteria, protozoa, fungal agents) by both zoonotic and non-zoonotic pathogens, dietary indiscretion, endocrine diseases, and stress (e.g., travel or environmental changes). In the last years, the role played by oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic enteropathies, independently from the initial noxa, has been highlighted by many researches in both humans and animals. As a result, a series of dietary antioxidant compounds have been studied for their potential use in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the traditional therapeutic and nutritional options to manage canine acute diarrhea, highlighting the need to explore the role of oxidative stress and potential antioxidant supplementation, especially polyphenols, during acute diarrheic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Candellone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (R.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (R.O.)
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (R.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Rosangela Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (R.O.)
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19
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Gavazza A, Fruganti A, Turinelli V, Marchegiani A, Spaterna A, Tesei B, Rossi G, Cerquetella M. Canine Traditional Laboratory Tests and Cardiac Biomarkers. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:320. [PMID: 32676505 PMCID: PMC7333565 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In small animals, cardiac disease evaluation through laboratory tests can be a challenge. This review will present both historical and updated perspectives on the clinical pathology of cardiac diseases in dogs and demonstrate that laboratory tests are useful tools for the management of patients with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Beniamino Tesei
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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20
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Rossi G, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M, Galosi L, Mangiaterra S, De Simone C. Covid-19 mortality in Italy: gene and diet? Minerva Med 2020:S0026-4806.20.06663-X. [PMID: 32538590 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.06663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy - giacomo.rossi @unicam.it
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Macerata, Italy
| | - Claudio De Simone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Publich Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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21
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Marchegiani A, Fruganti A, Spaterna A, Dalle Vedove E, Bachetti B, Massimini M, Di Pierro F, Gavazza A, Cerquetella M. Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Canine Dermatological Disorders. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E38. [PMID: 32260299 PMCID: PMC7355824 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements, also known as complementary feeds, are products administered with the aim of furnishing health benefits, regardless of nutritional needs. They have been used since ancient times in veterinary dermatology, and a number of studies have focused on investigating the health benefits of some ingredients found in commercially available complementary feed for dogs. The aim of this paper is to review the literature available on the use of nutritional supplementation for the management of canine skin diseases, critically appraising the clinical efficacy of such interventions and summarizing the current state of knowledge. This review highlights how these feeds can be considered useful in the management of dermatological disorders and outlines their beneficial effects in the prevention of dietary deficiencies and treatment of diseases, alone, or in addition to conventional pharmacological therapy. In recent years, nutritional supplements have found increasing potential application in veterinary medicine, and the scientific proofs of their beneficial effects are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Dalle Vedove
- Research and Development Unit (NIL), C.I.A.M. srl, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (E.D.V.); (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Benedetta Bachetti
- Research and Development Unit (NIL), C.I.A.M. srl, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (E.D.V.); (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcella Massimini
- Research and Development Unit (NIL), C.I.A.M. srl, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (E.D.V.); (B.B.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (A.F.); (A.S.); (A.G.); (M.C.)
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22
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Tambella AM, Attili AR, Beribè F, Galosi M, Marchegiani A, Cerquetella M, Palumbo Piccionello A, Vullo C, Spaterna A, Fruganti A. Management of otitis externa with an led-illuminated gel: a randomized controlled clinical trial in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:91. [PMID: 32192496 PMCID: PMC7083025 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine otitis externa is a painful condition which can be challenging to treat due to difficulties in the administration of otic medication. This can be due to lack of owner compliance in the application of ear drops or due to the resentment that some dogs demonstrate when attempts are made to administer topical medication into a sensitive ear canal. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a topical LED-illuminated gel (LIG) in canine otitis externa in comparison to standard of care therapy. Dogs with spontaneous otitis externa were randomly allocated in three groups: groups QW received LIG once weekly; BW received LIG twice weekly; group C received enrofloxacin and silver sulfadiazine twice daily. LIG consists of a topical application of a gel containing chromophores that, when illuminated by a LED lamp, re-emit fluorescent light which can stimulate physiological responses, promoting healing and controlling bacteria. The evaluation protocol (T0 to T5) considered clinical assessment (OTIS-3-index-scoring-system; pruritus-severity-scale; pain-severity-score; aural temperature), cytological scoring system, quali-quantitative bacteriologic assessment. RESULTS All groups (QW, n = 21; BW, n = 23; C, n = 20) showed improvement during the study (QW: P < 0.02 for cytological and pain scores, P < 0.003 for bacteriologic assessment, P < 10- 4 for pruritus, total OTIS-3 and temperature assessments; BW: P < 10- 4 for all clinical, cytological and bacteriologic assessments; C: P < 0.02 for all clinical and cytological assessments, P < 10- 4 for bacteriologic assessment). The highest clinical score reduction occurred in Group BW (P < 0.014 in T3; P < 0.001 in T4 and P < 10- 4 in T5). BW reached the clinically relevant effect level at T3 (- 3.26 ± 1.21 levels), QW reached it at T4 (- 3.24 ± 0.99), C did not reach it. No differences between groups were seen in the reduction of CFU/mL (T0-T5). CONCLUSIONS All treatment groups showed a positive clinical effect. LIG administered twice-a-week was the most favourable protocol of the study. LIG may be considered beneficial in the management of canine otitis externa; it seems to be effective in controlling the clinical condition, including the signs of inflammation and local pain, the bacterial growth, and it may help increasing treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Maria Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Francesca Beribè
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Margherita Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Angela Palumbo Piccionello
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Cecilia Vullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95, 62024 Matelica, MC Italy
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Cerquetella M, Rossi G, Suchodolski JS, Schmitz SS, Allenspach K, Rodríguez-Franco F, Furlanello T, Gavazza A, Marchegiani A, Unterer S, Burgener IA, Pengo G, Jergens AE. Proposal for rational antibacterial use in the diagnosis and treatment of dogs with chronic diarrhoea. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:211-215. [PMID: 32065388 PMCID: PMC7079140 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diarrhoea is a frequent complaint in canine practice and the diagnostic path is often characterised by numerous diagnostic tests and stepwise empirical treatments, often applied before gastrointestinal endoscopy/mucosal biopsies. These include dietary interventions (novel protein, hydrolysed protein diet), parasiticides and still, in many cases, antibacterials. Indiscriminate use of antibacterial drugs risks detrimental consequences for both the individual patient (antimicrobial resistance, long‐term disruption of intestinal bacterial populations, potential worsening of gastrointestinal signs) and the general public. For that reason, in this Perspective essay we advocate use of antibacterials only after histopathologic evaluation of gastrointestinal biopsies or, for those cases in which endoscopy is not possible, after other therapeutic trials, such as diet/pre‐probiotics or anti‐inflammatory drugs have proven unsuccessful. They should be reserved, after appropriate dietary trials, for those canine chronic diarrhoeic patients with signs of true primary infection (i.e. signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome or evidence of adherent‐invasive bacteria) that justify antibacterial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, 62024, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, 62024, Italy
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - S Salavati Schmitz
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Hospital for Small Animals, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - K Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - F Rodríguez-Franco
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - T Furlanello
- Veterinary Clinic and Laboratory San Marco, Via dell'Industria 3, Veggiano, 35030, Italy
| | - A Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, 62024, Italy
| | - A Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, 62024, Italy
| | - S Unterer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - I A Burgener
- Department for Small Animals and Horses, VetMedUni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - G Pengo
- St. Antonio Veterinary Clinic, S.S. 415 Paullese 6, Madignano, 26020, Italy
| | - A E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Gavazza A, Galosi L, Berardi S, Mangiaterra S, Mari S, Suchodolski JS, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Pengo G. Rapid Resolution of Large Bowel Diarrhea after the Administration of a Combination of a High-Fiber Diet and a Probiotic Mixture in 30 Dogs. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7010021. [PMID: 32050688 PMCID: PMC7158687 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine fiber responsive diarrhea is a form of chronic colitis that improves clinically after adding fiber to the diet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a high-fiber, highly digestible, hypoallergenic diet with a probiotic mixture in 30 dogs with chronic colitis that were unresponsive to various dietary and/or pharmacological interventions. Fecal scores, canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) scores, the dysbiosis index (DI), and histologic images of colonic biopsies were evaluated. At baseline (day 0; T0) and after 30 days of treatment (T1), all variables evaluated in our patients (i.e., fecal and CCECAI scores and histopathology) improved significantly at T1, with the exception of DI. However, there was a numerical shift from a state of dysbiosis to one of normobiosis. The combination of the diet and the probiotic used in the present study induced the resolution of clinical signs in a mean of 8.5 days (maximum 15 days) and did not necessitate any other treatments or the further addition of alimentary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0737-403-458
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Subeide Mari
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy; (G.R.); (M.C.); (L.G.); (S.B.); (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jonathan A. Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (J.S.S.); (J.A.L.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Graziano Pengo
- St. Antonio Veterinary Clinic, S.S. 415 Paullese 6, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy;
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Rossi G, Gioacchini G, Pengo G, Suchodolski JS, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Gavazza A, Scarpona S, Berardi S, Galosi L, Bassotti G, Cerquetella M. Enterocolic increase of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 and clinical improvement after probiotic administration in dogs with chronic signs of colonic dysmotility without mucosal inflammatory changes. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13717. [PMID: 31495983 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonic dysmotility in dogs can cause different GI signs. Sometimes, histology of enterocolic biopsies does not reveal inflammatory infiltrates or mucosal lesions that are typically associated with clinical disease activity. It is speculated that, similarly to humans, colonic dysmotility may be anxiety-based, although recent data demonstrate that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could result from acute infectious enteritis. Specific Lactobacillus spp. strains administered orally in humans induced the expression of μ-opioid and cannabinoid receptors in mucosal enterocytes, modulating intestinal morphine-like analgesic functions. We investigated the potential association of GI signs caused by colonic dysmotility and mucosal expression of cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells and the number of mucosal mast cells. METHODS Ten to 15 endoscopic biopsies were collected from colonic mucosa of 20 dogs diagnosed with dysmotility disturbances before and after probiotic (Slab51 bacterial blend; Sivoy® ) administration (3-month period). Number and distribution of mast cells (MCs), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Results were compared to data obtained from five clinically healthy dogs (archive samples). KEY RESULTS Decreased numbers of MCs (P < .0001) and increased CB1- and CB2-positive epithelial cells (P < .0001) in diseased dogs were positively associated with post-treatment CCECAI scores (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our results suggest that probiotic administration can reduce signs of colonic dysmotility, possibly due to microbiota modulation and epithelial cell receptor-mediated signaling in intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Silvia Scarpona
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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26
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Berardi S, Galosi L, Mari S, Pengo G, Gavazza A. Evaluation of Some Potential New Serological and Faecal Markers in Canine Lymphangiectasia: Correlation with Mucosal Morphology and Histological Score. J Comp Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Marchegiani A, Spaterna A, Cerquetella M, Tambella AM, Fruganti A, Paterson S. Fluorescence biomodulation in the management of canine interdigital pyoderma cases: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized and controlled clinical study. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:371-e109. [PMID: 31407840 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interdigital pyoderma is a common multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the canine interdigital skin. Lesions commonly become infected secondarily. In addition to management of the underlying cause, management of the chronic inflammatory changes in the interdigital skin created by secondary infection and by the release of keratin into deep tissues is required. Fluorescence biomodulation appears to modulate the inflammatory process in dermatological disorders and has shown promise in preliminary studies evaluating its use in superficial and deep pyoderma in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of a fluorescence biomodulation (FB) system used in conjunction with systemic antibiotic on clinical manifestations of canine interdigital pyoderma (CIP), compared to dogs treated with antibiotic alone. ANIMALS Thirty-six dogs diagnosed with CIP. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were randomly allocated to treatment groups of either antibiotic alone (Group A) or antibiotic plus twice-weekly FB application (Group B). Dogs were scored over a 12 week period on the basis of two measured parameters: a global lesion score composed of four different lesions types and neutrophil engulfing bacterial scores. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease was seen by Week 3 in both measured parameters for Group B compared to Group A. The mean time-to-resolution of lesions was 4.3 weeks in Group B and 10.4 weeks in Group A. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The FB system shows promise as an adjunct therapy to systemic antibiotic use in the management of CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Adolfo M Tambella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Susan Paterson
- Virtual Vet Derms Ltd., Lakeview, 3 High Birkrigg Park, Stainton, Kendal, Cumbria, LA8 0DY, UK
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28
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Fettucciari K, Macchioni L, Davidescu M, Scarpelli P, Palumbo C, Corazzi L, Marchegiani A, Cerquetella M, Spaterna A, Marconi P, Bassotti G. Clostridium difficile toxin B induces senescence in enteric glial cells: A potential new mechanism of Clostridium difficile pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2018; 1865:1945-1958. [PMID: 30296499 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes nosocomial/antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, with dramatic incidence/mortality worldwide. C. difficile virulence factors are toxin A and toxin B (TcdB) which cause cytopathic/cytotoxic effects and inflammation. Until now studies were focused on molecular effects of C. difficile toxins (Tcds) on different cells while unexplored aspect is the status/fate of cells that survived their cytotoxicity. Recently we demonstrated that enteric glial cells (EGCs) are susceptible to TcdB cytotoxicity, but several EGCs survived and were irreversibly cell-cycle arrested and metabolically active, suggesting that EGCs could became senescent. This is important because allowed us to evaluate the not explored status/fate of cells surviving Tcds cytotoxicity, and particularly if TcdB induces senescence in EGCs. Rat-transformed EGCs were treated with 10 ng/ml TcdB for 6 h-48 h, or for 48 h, followed by incubation for additional 4 or 11 days in absence of TcdB (6 or 13 total days). Senescence markers/effectors were examined by specific assays. TcdB induces senescence in EGCs, as demonstrated by the senescence markers: irreversible cell-cycle arrest, senescence-associated-β‑galactosidase positivity, flat morphology, early and persistent DNA damage (ATM and H2AX phosphorylation), p27 overexpression, pRB hypophosphorylation, c‑Myc, cyclin B1, cdc2 and phosphorylated-cdc2 downregulation, Sirtuin‑2 and Sirtuin‑3 overexpression. TcdB-induced EGC senescence is dependent by JNK and AKT activation but independent by ROS, p16 and p53/p21 pathways. In conclusion, TcdB induces senescence in EGCs. The extrapolation of these results to CDI leads to hypothesize that EGCs that survived TcdB, once they have acquired a senescence state, could cause irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and tumors due to persistent inflammation, transfer of senescence status and stimulation of pre-neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fettucciari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Davidescu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Camilla Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Rossi G, Spaterna A, Tesei B, Jergens A, Suchodolski J, Bassotti G, Cerquetella M. Is irritable bowel syndrome also present in dogs? Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018; 46:176-180. [PMID: 29898479 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-170590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in humans is described as the recurrent presence of gastrointestinal signs, without gross histopathologic evidence of inflammation and of other morphologic lesions; however, it is a syndrome not unanimously defined in veterinary medicine. There is some evidence that dysmotility could be related to stressors in some dogs that present with clinical signs (e.g. chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhea) that share overlapping aspects with human IBS. The authors hypothesize that an IBS-like condition, similar to that described in humans, might also be present in dogs. Nevertheless, the diagnostic path for canine IBS needs to be further elucidated and its pathogenesis better defined for a more rational therapeutic approach.
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Gavazza A, Rossi G, Lubas G, Cerquetella M, Minamoto Y, Suchodolski JS. Faecal microbiota in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E169-E175. [PMID: 29152844 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant lymphoma B-cell type is the most common canine haematopoietic malignancy. Changes in intestinal microbiota have been implicated in few types of cancer in humans. The aim of this prospective and case-control study was to determine differences in faecal microbiota between healthy control dogs and dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Twelve dogs affected by multicentric, B-cell, stage III-IV lymphoma, and 21 healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. For each dog, faecal samples were analysed by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for selected bacterial groups. Alpha diversity was significant lower in lymphoma dogs. Principal coordinate analysis plots showed different microbial clustering (P = .001) and linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed 28 differentially abundant bacterial groups in lymphoma and control dogs. The qPCR analysis showed significant lower abundance of Faecalibacterium spp. (q < .001), Fusobacterium spp. (q = .032), and Turicibacter spp. (q = .043) in dogs with lymphoma compared with control dogs. On the contrary, Streptococcus spp. was significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma (q = .041). The dysbiosis index was significantly higher (P < .0001) in dogs with lymphoma. In conclusion, both sequencing and qPCR analyses provided a global overview of faecal microbial communities and showed significant differences in the microbial communities of dogs presenting with multicentric lymphoma compared with healthy control dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - G Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Y Minamoto
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Rossi G, Jergens A, Cerquetella M, Berardi S, Di Cicco E, Bassotti G, Pengo G, Suchodolski JS. Effects of a probiotic (SLAB51™) on clinical and histologic variables and microbiota of cats with chronic constipation/megacolon: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2017; 9:101-110. [PMID: 29065705 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) and idiopathic megacolon (IMC) occur frequently in cats. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a multi-strain probiotic (SLAB51™) in constipated cats (n=7) and in patients with megacolon and constipation (n=3). Ten pet cats with a diagnosis of chronic constipation, non-responsive to medical management received orally 2×1011 bacteria daily for 90 days. For microbiota analysis, selected bacterial groups were analysed by qPCR. Histological samples in megacolons were evaluated for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), enteric neurons, and neuronal apoptosis. Biopsies were compared at baseline (T0) and after the end of treatment (T1), and with those obtained from healthy control tissues (archived material from five healthy cats). Constipated cats displayed significantly lower ICC, and cats with idiopathic megacolon had significantly more apoptotic enteric neurons than controls. After treatment with SLAB51™, significant decreases were observed for feline chronic enteropathy activity index (FCEAI) (P=0.006), faecal consistency score, and mucosal histology scores (P<0.001). In contrast, a significant increase of ICC was observed after probiotic therapy. Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroidetes were increased significantly after treatment (comparing constipated cats before and after treatment, and control healthy cats to constipated cats after treatment), but no other differences in microbiota were found between healthy controls and constipated cats. Treatment with SLAB51™ in cats with chronic constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed significant clinical improvement after treatment, and histological parameters suggest a potential anti-inflammatory effect of SLAB51™, associated with a reduction of mucosal infiltration, and restoration of the number of interstitial cells of Cajal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - A Jergens
- 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - M Cerquetella
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - S Berardi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - E Di Cicco
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- 3 Gastroenterology & Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Pengo
- 4 Clinic 'St. Antonio', Strada Statale 415, km 38,50, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy
| | - J S Suchodolski
- 5 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station 4474, 77843 TX, USA
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Scarpona S, Pengo G, Fettucciari K, Bassotti G, Jergens AE, Suchodolski JS. Effects of probiotic bacteria on mucosal polyamines levels in dogs with IBD and colonic polyps: a preliminary study. Benef Microbes 2017; 9:247-255. [PMID: 29022381 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Spermine (SPM) and its precursor putrescine (PUT), regulated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and diamino-oxidase (DAO), are polyamines required for cell growth and proliferation. Only a few studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory and tumour inhibitory properties of probiotics on mucosal polyamine levels. We investigated the effects of a high concentration multistrain probiotic for human use on colonic polyamine biosynthesis in dogs. Histological sections (inflammatory bowel disease, n=10; polyposis, n=5) were assessed after receiving 112 to 225×109 lyophilised bacteria daily for 60 days at baseline (T0) and 30 days after treatment end (T90). Histology scores, expression of PUT, SPM, ODC and DAO, and a clinical activity index (CIBDAI) were compared at T0 and T90. In polyps, cellular proliferation (Ki-67 expression), and apoptosis (caspase-3 protein expression) were also evaluated. After treatment, in inflammatory bowel disease significant decreases were observed for CIBDAI (P=0.006) and histology scores (P<0.001); PUT, SPM and ODC expression increased (P<0.01). In polyps, a significant decrease in polyamine levels, ODC activity, and Ki-67, and a significant increase in caspase-3 positivity and DAO expression (P=0.005) was noted. Our results suggest potential anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the probiotic mixture in polyps and inflammation, associated with reduced mucosal infiltration and up-regulation of PUT, SPM, and ODC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - M Cerquetella
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - S Scarpona
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Macerata (MC), Italy
| | - G Pengo
- 2 Clinic 'St. Antonio', Strada Statale 415, km 38,50, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy
| | - K Fettucciari
- 3 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1-8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- 4 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06156 San Sisto, Italy
| | - A E Jergens
- 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr., Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - J S Suchodolski
- 6 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Marchegiani A, Fruganti A, Cerquetella M, Cassarani MP, Laus F, Spaterna A. Penetrating palpebral grass awn in a dog: Unusual case of a penetrating grass awn in an eyelid. J Ultrasound 2017; 20:81-84. [PMID: 28298948 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-016-0234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual case of a penetrating grass awn in an eyelid of a dog is reported. A 6-month-old mixed breed dog was referred to the Ophthalmology Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Camerino University for anorexia, lethargy, left monolateral ocular swelling and pain to the left eye, present from 1 month. Ophthalmic examination of the left eye showed copious and purulent discharge, and ultrasonography revealed the presence of an abscess containing a grass foreign body. The grass awn was surgically removed. Three days after surgery, the dog showed a marked improvement, with a total resolution obtained in 7 days. To the authors' knowledge, penetrating foreign bodies such as the one of this paper have never been described before in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchegiani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cassarani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Camerino, via Circonvallazione 93/95, I-62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
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Rossi G, Pengo G, Cerquetella M, Bassotti G, Magi G, Suchodolski J, Jergens A. Increase of Colonic Motility in Cats Affected by Chronic Idiopathic Constipation and Megacolon After Theraphy with the Probiotic Sivoy™. J Comp Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Veronesi F, Ravagnan S, Cerquetella M, Carli E, Olivieri E, Santoro A, Pesaro S, Berardi S, Rossi G, Ragni B, Beraldo P, Capelli G. First detection of Cytauxzoon spp. infection in European wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) of Italy. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:853-858. [PMID: 27150590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging, tick-transmitted, protozoan disease affecting domestic and wild felids and caused by Cytauxzoon felis, Cytauxzoon manul and Cytauxzoon spp. This study aimed to determine the presence of infection with Cytauxzoon spp. in Felis silvestris silvestris in Italy, in order to enhance the comprehension of its pattern distribution among domestic cat populations. In addition, wildcats were tested for other endemic vector-borne pathogens in Italy. The carcasses of 21 F. s. silvestris were collected from central and northern regions of Italy. All the animals were submitted to necropsy and samples of the spleens were collected. Cytauxzoon infection was surveyed by a conventional PCR amplifying a portion of the SSU-rDNA of species of Piroplasmida. The samples were also screened for Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Leishmania spp. using SYBR Green Real-Time PCR (rPCR) assays. Four animals (19%) were positive for Piroplasmida-PCR assay and three sequenced amplicons were obtained (14.3%), clustering with the Italian, Spanish, French and Romanian Cytauxzoon spp. isolates and with C. manul found in Mongolia. The samples were negative for the other pathogens screened. The present results showed that Cytauxzoon spp. may infect both F. s. silvestris and F. s. catus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, San Costanzo Street 4, Perugia 06126, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravagnan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, University Avenue 10, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Cavour Square 19/f, Camerino 62032, Macerata, Italy
| | - Erika Carli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, University Avenue 10, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - Emanuela Olivieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, San Costanzo Street 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Azzurra Santoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, San Costanzo Street 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Stefano Pesaro
- Therion Research Group, Bracco Street 10, Trieste 34139, Italy
| | - Sara Berardi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Cavour Square 19/f, Camerino 62032, Macerata, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Cavour Square 19/f, Camerino 62032, Macerata, Italy
| | - Bernardino Ragni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Elce di Sotto Street 8, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Paola Beraldo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Sondrio Street 2, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, University Avenue 10, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
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Abstract
According to the mode of transmission, Staphylococcus aureus infection between hosts is classified as "direct zoonoses," or infection that is transmitted from an infected vertebrate host to a susceptible host (man) by direct contact, by contact with a fomite or by a mechanical vector. The agent itself undergoes little or no propagative or developmental changes during transmission. According to the reservoir host, staphylococcosis is most precisely defined as "zooanthroponoses" or infections transmitted from man to lower vertebrate animals (e.g., streptococci, diphtheria, Enterobacteriaceae, human tuberculosis in cattle and parrots), but also "anthropozoonoses" or infections transmitted to man from lower vertebrate animals. In particular, actually, the correct definition of S. aureus infections between humans and animals is "amphixenoses" or infections maintained in both man and lower vertebrate animals and transmitted in either direction. S. aureus exhibits tropisms to many distinct animal hosts. While spillover events can occur wherever there is an interface between host species, changes in host tropism only occur with the establishment of sustained transmission in the new host species, leading to clonal expansion. Although the genomic variation underpinning adaptation in S. aureus genotypes infecting bovids and poultry has been well characterized, the frequency of switches from one host to another remains obscure. In this review, we sought to identify the sustained switches in host tropism in the S. aureus population, both anthroponotic and zoonotic, and their distribution over the species phylogeny. S. aureus is an organism with the capacity to switch into and adapt to novel hosts, even after long periods of isolation in a single host species. Based on this evidence, animal-adapted S. aureus lineages exhibiting resistance to antibiotics must be considered a major threat to public health, as they can adapt to the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cerquetella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Clinical Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, Macerata, Italy.
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Cerquetella M, Tambella AM, Laus F, Spaterna A, Ludewig E, Rossi G. Colonic cyst in a cat presenting recurrent constipation and abdominal pain. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2015; 43:345-349. [PMID: 26334328 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-140732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 5-year-old domestic short-haired spayed female cat was presented for abdominal pain and suspended defecation. Abdominal radiographs confirmed constipation; abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic oval structure attached to the colon. The structure exhibited a well-defined wall, composed of three layers. Its content was mildly echogenic and inhomogeneous. Laparotomy was performed and complete resection of the structure, and of part of the colon, was required (end-to-end anastomosis). Histopathology confirmed the structure to be a cystic formation of the colon with some areas of mucosal metaplasia. However the question whether the cystic structure was consistent with an intestinal duplication cyst - which is the most likely type of cyst in this particular case - a Meckel's diverticulum remnant, a vitelline duct cyst or a cystic diverticulum of the colon could not be resolved. Postoperatively, no further other episode of constipation occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cerquetella
- M. Cerquetella, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (Macerata), Italy, E-Mail:
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Abstract
A 2-year-old male Maremma sheepdog presenting with chronic vomiting-regurgitation was examined at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Camerino University. An oesophagogastroscopy with a single blue + green (BG) filter restricting wavelengths from 400 to 550 nm was carried out. A conventional white light endoscopy showed a dilated oesophagus with mildly diffuse erythematous mucosa (more accentuated proximal to the cardia); some portions of the gastric mucosa were covered with fluids and appeared only slightly erythematous. A blue green endoscopy highlighted the oesophageal lesions in dark blue, which made them appear more clearly defined from the remaining mucosa. In the gastric antrum, a small, slightly darker blue roundish area was visible. This area did not show up under the white light endoscopy. A histopathological assessment of biopsy specimens from the distal oesophagus, antrum (including the area highlighted only by BG endoscopy) and gastric body showed chronic-active hyperplastic esophagitis and superficial squamous epithelial dysplasia, while gastric samples showed severe diffuse hyperaemic gastritis of the antrum and superficial diffuse atrophy of the gastric body. The authors believe that the use of a BG endoscopy could be useful in veterinary medicine to increase the diagnostic potential of endoscopic assessment in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95 - 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95 - 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Beniamino Tesei
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95 - 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione, 93/95 - 62024 Matelica (MC), Italy
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Laus F, Spaterna A, Faillace V, Veronesi F, Ravagnan S, Beribé F, Cerquetella M, Meligrana M, Tesei B. Clinical investigation on Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in Italian donkeys. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:100. [PMID: 25927984 PMCID: PMC4410693 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the welfare and diseases of donkeys is constantly increasing in several countries. Despite this, clinical research into donkeys needs to be in continual development since they show different reactions compared to horses in many conditions, including infectious diseases, and need specific clinical and therapeutic approaches. No reports are currently available on clinical and clinical pathology data regarding donkeys with natural piroplasms infection. RESULTS Venous blood samples were taken from one hundred and thirty eight donkeys and underwent indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect IgG antibodies against Theileria equi and Babesia caballi and real-time polimerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Clinical examinations, haematological analyses and serum bilirubin evaluation were also performed and compared with positive or negative status. A seroprevalence of 40.6% and 47.8% was found for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively; double positivity was detected in 19.6% of the animals. PCR results showed that 17.4% of the animals tested positive for T.equi and 3.6% for B. caballi with no double positivity. Twelve donkeys (8.7%) had clinical signs consistent with chronic forms of the disease and no acute forms were detected. Fifty-eight donkeys had haematological and serum bilirubin alterations and 56 (96.6%) of them were IFAT and/or PCR positive. Changes in erythrocyte number, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelets number and total bilirubin were significantly associated with positive and symptomatic animals. CONCLUSION Nonspecific clinical presentation seems to be very common in donkeys and several clinical pathology alterations persist after natural infection. Therefore, apparently healthy donkeys can have masked but severe clinical pathology alterations. Acute forms are very seldom observed in donkeys. Clinical monitoring of chronically infected donkeys is recommended since such animals represent a risk both for transmission to other animals and for their own health; furthermore, their production performances could be reduced. The study should also be intended as a contribution for veterinary practitioners because it describes the most usual clinical presentations and laboratory findings of equine piroplasmosis in naturally infected donkeys in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Laus
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, (MC), Italy.
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, (MC), Italy.
| | - Vanessa Faillace
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, (MC), Italy.
| | - Fabrizia Veronesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravagnan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, (PD), Italy.
| | - Francesca Beribé
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, (MC), Italy.
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, (MC), Italy.
| | - Marina Meligrana
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, (MC), Italy.
| | - Beniamino Tesei
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, (MC), Italy.
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Rossi G, Cerquetella M, Antonelli E, Pengo G, Magi GE, Villanacci V, Rostami-Nejad M, Spaterna A, Bassotti G. The importance of histologic parameters of lacteal involvement in cases of canine lymphoplasmacytic enteritis. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2015; 8:33-41. [PMID: 25584174 PMCID: PMC4285930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most frequent form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is represented histologically, by lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE), a histological category, often associated with other morphologic alterations including lymphangiectasia (LE). However, literature data on this latter topic are quite scarce and have mostly been obtained in single reports or in small series. AIM We evaluated some morphologic parameters of intestinal villi and lacteals in a large cohort of dogs, and correlated them with serum albumin and cholesterol values. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 136 dogs (94 with LPE, and 42 with gastrointestinal problems different from IBD) and analyzed their clinical, laboratory (albumin and cholesterol values), endoscopic, and histologic variables. RESULTS The LPE group showed significantly impaired clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histologic variables compared to controls. Affected dogs showed significant correlations between canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI) scores and endoscopic and histologic variables. Moreover, the grade of hematologic changes were strongly related to the intestinal histologic variables, in particular those concerning villous and lacteals morphology. CONCLUSION Dogs with LPE had intestinal histologic abnormalities (height, width, height/width ratio, calculated for both villi and lacteals), whose degree correlated with the severity of hypoalbuminemia and hypocholesterolemia. Evaluation of endoscopic and histologic variables in association to the clinical findings may reveal useful insights for the pathogenesis of LPE and, hopefully, might lead to more targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica (Macerata), Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica (Macerata), Italy
| | | | - Graziano Pengo
- Veterinary practitioner, S. Antonio Clinic, 26020 Madignano (Cremona), Italy
| | - Gian Enrico Magi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica (Macerata), Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica (Macerata), Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, 06156 Perugia, Italy
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Rossi G, Gambi R, Uncini R, Piccinini R, Berardi S, Pengo G, Bassotti G, Cerquetella M. Severe gastritis with double Helicobacter spp. infection associated with Barrett's esophagus in a cheetah. Helicobacter 2014; 19:462-4. [PMID: 25365948 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Beribè F, Miglio A, Cassarani MP, Magi G, Passamonti F, Laus F, Cerquetella M, Spaterna A. What is your diagnosis? Systemic lymphadenopathy and blindness in a dog from Italy. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:605-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Beribè
- School of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Arianna Miglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | | | - Gianenrico Magi
- School of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Camerino; Camerino Italy
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Laus F, Paggi E, Marchegiani A, Cerquetella M, Spaziante D, Faillace V, Tesei B. Ultrasonographic biometry of the eyes of healthy adult donkeys. Vet Rec 2014; 174:326. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Laus
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Camerino; Via Circonvallazione 93/95 Matelica MC 62024 Italy
| | - E Paggi
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Camerino; Via Circonvallazione 93/95 Matelica MC 62024 Italy
| | - A Marchegiani
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Camerino; Via Circonvallazione 93/95 Matelica MC 62024 Italy
| | - M Cerquetella
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Camerino; Via Circonvallazione 93/95 Matelica MC 62024 Italy
| | - D Spaziante
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Camerino; Via Circonvallazione 93/95 Matelica MC 62024 Italy
| | - V Faillace
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Camerino; Via Circonvallazione 93/95 Matelica MC 62024 Italy
| | - B Tesei
- School of Veterinary Medical Sciences; University of Camerino; Via Circonvallazione 93/95 Matelica MC 62024 Italy
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Cerquetella M, Giuliano V, Rossi G, Corsi S, Laus F, Spaterna A, Villanacci V, Bassotti G. Chronic hepatitis in man and in dog: a comparative update. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2012; 104:203-9. [PMID: 22537369 DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082012000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis is a frequent pathologic condition encountered in both dogs and humans; however, in the latter etiologic factors are usually searched and found that allow targeted therapeutic approaches, whereas in dogs this is less frequent. This review will take into consideration chronic hepatitis in dogs, and discuss differences and similarities between the two species with respect to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Camerin, Matelica, Italy.
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Cerquetella M, Laus F, Speranzini F, Carnevali C, Spaterna A, Battaglia E, Bassotti G. Efficacy of an enterovaccine in recurrent episodes of diarrhea in the dog: a pilot study. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2012; 104:65-8. [PMID: 22372799 DOI: 10.4321/s1130-01082012000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent episodes of self-limiting diarrhea in the dog, due to sudden dietary changes and to stressful or exciting situations, are conditions sometimes difficult to treat. Colifagina(®), a commercially available bacterial enterovaccine, showed, in previous studies performed on experimentally induced colitis in mice, to be able to improve both disease activity index and histological appearance, increase colonic secretion of IgA, and reduce inflammatory chemokine secretion. In the present study Colifagina(®) was administered to five dogs presenting recurrent episodes of self-limiting diarrhea and to one dog presenting chronic diarrhea. During the follow-up period, almost all patients decreased the number of episodes of abnormal defecation and the fecal score of such episodes improved in five out of six dogs. Even if further studies are needed to understand the exact potential of the compound, in dogs presenting recurrent episodes of self-limiting diarrhea due to sudden dietary changes and/or stressing or exciting situations, Colifagina(®) seems to be helpful in managing most of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy.
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Cerquetella M, Spaterna A, Laus F, Tesei B, Rossi G, Antonelli E, Villanacci V, Bassotti G. Inflammatory bowel disease in the dog: Differences and similarities with humans. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1050-6. [PMID: 20205273 PMCID: PMC2835779 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i9.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent important chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract in man. However, similar disorders are found in several animal species and the IBD affecting dogs are particularly important. These are encompassed by an umbrella of probably several different entities with common symptoms, some of which seem to share striking similarities with human conditions. This review will focus on the actual knowledge of IBD in dogs, and attempt to identify differences and similarities with human IBD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fruganti
- Veterinary Science Department--Clinical Section--Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Macerata, Marche, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Spaterna
- Veterinary Science Department, Clinical Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Macerata, Marche, Italy.
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