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Zanzani SA, Villa L, Gazzonis AL, Cartagena D, Mortarino M, Bonacina E, Guadagnini D, Allievi C, Manfredi MT. The Prophylactic Effect of Ivermectin Treatments on Nematode Infections of Mammals in a Faunistic Park (Northern Italy). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091124. [PMID: 35565548 PMCID: PMC9099513 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode infections of mammals can spread in zoos and faunistic parks and lead to disease in humans and animals. Group treatment strategies with anthelminthic drugs are common. Still, their effectiveness should be verified by sensitive and specific copromicroscopic analyses. This study assessed longitudinal parasitological monitoring, by FLOTAC® dual technique, in mammals housed in an Italian faunistic park, in order to verify the effectiveness of the two adopted ivermectin prophylactic treatments. Twenty-one species of herbivorous mammals from ten families were treated twice per year with ivermectin in an in-feed formulation (medicated feed containing 1.7 g/ton ivermectin daily, for 30 days in March and November), while 13 species of carnivores and primates from five families were treated once a month with oral or subcutaneous administrations of ivermectin (200 μg/kg body weight (b.w.), from March to November). Fecal samples were collected in June–July and October 2019 (late spring–early summer and autumn sampling groups, respectively). All nematode infections, sustained by Nematodirus spp., Capillaria spp., Trichuris spp., Parascaris spp. and Strongylida, were detected in samples collected from herbivores, presenting prevalence rates of infection of 17.3% (9/52), 15.4% (8/52), 15.4% (8/52), 5.8% (3/52), and 3.8% (2/52), respectively. All carnivores and primates tested negative. The general linear mixed model showed that nematode eggs’ excretion in herbivores were influenced by sampling and sampling-host family interaction. Results showed that frequency and dose of prophylactic treatments in herbivores should be improved according to host and parasite taxonomic groups. The treatment adopted in carnivores and primates, together with hygienic management, was effective in nematode control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Zanzani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.V.); (A.L.G.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (M.T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5033-4536
| | - Luca Villa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.V.); (A.L.G.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Alessia L. Gazzonis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.V.); (A.L.G.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Daniel Cartagena
- “Le Cornelle” Faunistic Park, Via Cornelle 16, 24030 Valbrembo, Italy; (D.C.); (E.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Michele Mortarino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.V.); (A.L.G.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Eleonora Bonacina
- “Le Cornelle” Faunistic Park, Via Cornelle 16, 24030 Valbrembo, Italy; (D.C.); (E.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Davide Guadagnini
- “Le Cornelle” Faunistic Park, Via Cornelle 16, 24030 Valbrembo, Italy; (D.C.); (E.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Carolina Allievi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.V.); (A.L.G.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Maria Teresa Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’ Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.V.); (A.L.G.); (M.M.); (C.A.); (M.T.M.)
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Mangiaterra S, Schmidt-Küntzel A, Marker L, Di Cerbo A, Piccinini R, Guadagnini D, Turba ME, Berardi S, Galosi L, Preziuso S, Cerquetella M, Rossi G. Effect of a Probiotic Mixture in Captive Cheetahs (Acinonyx Jubatus) with Gastrointestinal Symptoms—A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030395. [PMID: 35158716 PMCID: PMC8833592 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotics in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders in both humans and animals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a specific probiotic mixture in cheetahs. In the wild, cheetah populations have drastically reduced due to habitat destruction, human–wildlife conflict and illegal wildlife trade. In captivity, chronic gastrointestinal diseases have a high prevalence. Based on our results, it can be concluded that probiotics may be helpful as a dietary supplement in cheetahs suffering from gastrointestinal disease. Abstract Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) are classified as “vulnerable” species due to the low numbers persisting in the wild. Gastrointestinal diseases are very common in this species when they are kept in captivity, in particular gastritis. Clinical signs are predominantly characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss and anorexia. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic in two groups of cheetahs: Group A (n = 4)—rescued cheetahs housed at the Cheetah Conservation Fund (Otjiwarongo, Namibia); Group B (n = 9)—captive cheetahs housed in Italian zoos. Animals showed gastrointestinal signs of different severity, and were positive for Helicobacter spp., detected by PCR in stool samples. Two sachets of probiotic formulation were administered to all cheetahs once a day for 21 consecutive days. Clinical conditions (appetite loss, vomiting, stool consistency and Body Condition Score) before (T0) and after 21 days of probiotic administration (T1) were then compared using a simplified Feline Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index (FCEAI) score. A slight but not significant improvement in the scores was observed in Group A, which had mild intestinal symptoms, while a significant decrease in vomiting and stool consistency (**p < 0.01) scores was observed in Group B, which had more pronounced symptoms. Results suggest that high concentrations of live probiotics can be of help in managing gastrointestinal signs in cheetahs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Laurie Marker
- Cheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo 9000, Namibia; (A.S.-K.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Berardi
- DVM Freelance Consultant, 62100 Macerata, MC, Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Silvia Preziuso
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, MC, Italy; (A.D.C.); (L.G.); (S.P.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
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Berbert L, Santos A, Magro D, Guadagnini D, Assalin H, Lourenço L, Martinez C, Saad M, Coy C. Metagenomics analysis reveals universal signatures of the intestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer, regardless of regional differences. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11832. [PMID: 35293551 PMCID: PMC8922548 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Berbert
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
| | - A. Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
| | - D.O. Magro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C.S.R. Coy
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
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Moreira GV, Azevedo FF, Ribeiro LM, Santos A, Guadagnini D, Gama P, Liberti EA, Saad M, Carvalho C. Liraglutide modulates gut microbiota and reduces NAFLD in obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:143-154. [PMID: 30292107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes are associated with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aggressive form of a fatty liver disease may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrated that there is a dysbiosis in the gut microbiota associated with early stages of metabolic disease. Therefore, the identification and repurposing of drugs already used to treat insulin resistance may be an excellent option for other disorders. We evaluated the effect of liraglutide on obesity, NAFLD and gut microbiota modulation in two different animal models of obesity: the ob/ob mice and the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Liraglutide treatment induced significant weight loss in both obesity models, showed improvements in glycemic parameters and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the cecum and the liver. In ob/ob mice, the liraglutide treatment was able to reduce the accumulation of liver fat by 78% and reversed steatosis in the HFD mice. The gut microbiota analysis showed that liraglutide changed the overall composition as well as the relative abundance of weight-relevant phylotypes such as a reduction of Proteobacteria and an increase of Akkermansia muciniphila in the treated HFD group. We show that liraglutide can lead to weight loss and gut microbiota modulations, and is associated with an improvement of NAFLD. Furthermore, by generating a profile of the intestinal microbiota, we compiled a list of potential bacterial targets that may modulate metabolism and induce a metabolic profile that is considered normal or clinically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Moreira
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Physiology and Biophysical
| | - F F Azevedo
- State University of Campinas-School of Nursing
| | - L M Ribeiro
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Physiology and Biophysical
| | - A Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas
| | - D Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas
| | - P Gama
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - E A Liberti
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Anatomy
| | - Mja Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas
| | - Cro Carvalho
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Physiology and Biophysical.
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5
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da Silva KLC, Camacho AP, Mittestainer FC, Carvalho BM, Santos A, Guadagnini D, Oliveira AG, Saad MJA. Atorvastatin and diacerein reduce insulin resistance and increase disease tolerance in rats with sepsis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2018; 15:8. [PMID: 29760586 PMCID: PMC5944072 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients. At the onset of this condition, there is an over-production of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to organ failure and death. The excess production of pro-inflammatory mediators also impairs insulin signaling, which may be a pathophysiological tissue marker of proinflammatory cytokine action before organ failure. Statins and diacerein have pleiotropic effects, such as the blockage of inflammatory signaling pathways, suggesting that these drugs may be an attractive therapeutic or prophylactic strategy against sepsis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a statin or diacerein can improve insulin signaling, disease tolerance and survival in sepsis by inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Methods We investigated the effect of these drugs on survival, tissue insulin signaling and inflammatory pathways in the liver and muscle of rats with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Results The results showed that administration of medications, with anti-inflammatory ability, to septic animals increased survival and improved disease tolerance and insulin resistance in the liver and muscle. The treatment also attenuated ER stress, NF-κB, JNK activation and restored glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) levels in the liver. Conclusions Our results indicate that atorvastatin and diacerein treatment can modulate inflammatory pathways and, in parallel, attenuate insulin resistance in sepsis. Since these two drugs have safety profiles and minimal side effects, we suggest that these drugs may be alternative therapies for the prevention or therapies for the treatment of insulin resistance in sepsis, which could potentially reduce mortality in patients with sepsis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12950-018-0184-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L C da Silva
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - A P Camacho
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - F C Mittestainer
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - B M Carvalho
- 2Department of Biology Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - A Santos
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, FCM-UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP 13083-887 Brazil
| | - D Guadagnini
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - A G Oliveira
- 3Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bioscience Institute, Rio Claro, SP Brazil
| | - M J A Saad
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, FCM-UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP 13083-887 Brazil
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6
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Carvalho BM, Guadagnini D, Tsukumo DML, Schenka AA, Latuf-Filho P, Vassallo J, Dias JC, Kubota LT, Carvalheira JBC, Saad MJA. Expression of Concern: Modulation of gut microbiota by antibiotics improves insulin signalling in high-fat fed mice. Diabetologia 2017:10.1007/s00125-017-4293-4. [PMID: 28508093 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B M Carvalho
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - D Guadagnini
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - D M L Tsukumo
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - A A Schenka
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - P Latuf-Filho
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - J Vassallo
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - J C Dias
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L T Kubota
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J B C Carvalheira
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - M J A Saad
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil.
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Catania S, Gobbo F, Ramirez AS, Guadagnini D, Baldasso E, Moronato ML, Nicholas RAJ. Erratum to: Laboratory investigations into the origin of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor). BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:75. [PMID: 27071385 PMCID: PMC4830066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Catania
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana S Ramirez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontala s/n, Arucas, Islas Canarias, 35413, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Baldasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moronato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, Padova, 35020, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Catania S, Gobbo F, Ramirez AS, Guadagnini D, Baldasso E, Moronato ML, Nicholas RAJ. Laboratory investigations into the origin of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated from a lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor). BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:52. [PMID: 26968657 PMCID: PMC4788927 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of wild birds in the transmission and spread of mycoplasmas is not clear. Up to now different Mycoplasma species have been isolated from wild birds many of which are not considered pathogens sensu stricto for domestic flocks. This report describes the first isolation of Mycoplasma synoviae in a captive lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) held in a zoo in Italy and the laboratory investigations performed to elucidate its origin. Results showed that the strain was similar to the MS-H vaccine strain using the vlhA methods although no vaccination with this product was used in the zoo. Case presentation This paper describes investigations into a case in which 10 of 12 adult lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) died after having recently been moved from the Netherlands to a new zoo in Northern Italy. While most of the birds appeared to have died from the stress of movement and poor adaptation to their new environment, Mycoplasma synoviae, an important poultry pathogen in the layer and meat industry, was isolated for the first time from the trachea of one animal presenting catarrhal tracheitis and fibrinous airsacculitis. Genetic analysis of the conserved region of the vlhA was not able to differentiate the flamingo strain from the MS-H vaccine strain. However differences in the sequences of the obg gene of the flamingo and vaccine strain were detected. A test for temperature-sensitivity (ts) gave a ts− phenotype for the flamingo strain, in contrast to the ts+ status of the MS-H strain. Based on this information and knowing that the flamingos were not vaccinated against M. synoviae, it is highly likely that the flamingo was infected with a genetically similar wild strain by contact with infected birds. Conclusions This case provides evidence for the potential role of international trade of ornamental birds as a possible route of introduction of new mycoplasma strains between countries, and moreover highlight that vlhA gene sequencing was not sufficient to discriminate the wild strain isolated from the flamingo from the MS-H vaccine strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0680-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Catania
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana S Ramirez
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontala s/n, Arucas, 35413, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Baldasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moronato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Universita' 10, Legnaro, 35020, Padova, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute (MAPS), Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Carvalho-Filho MA, Carvalho BM, Oliveira AG, Guadagnini D, Ueno M, Dias MM, Tsukumo DM, Hirabara SM, Reis LF, Curi R, Carvalheira JBC, Saad MJA. Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase is a key modulator of insulin sensitivity in physiological conditions and in obesity in mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5261-74. [PMID: 22948222 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular integration of nutrient- and pathogen-sensing pathways has become of great interest in understanding the mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity. The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one candidate molecule that may provide cross talk between inflammatory and metabolic signaling. The present study was performed to determine, first, the role of PKR in modulating insulin action and glucose metabolism in physiological situations, and second, the role of PKR in insulin resistance in obese mice. We used Pkr(-/-) and Pkr(+/+) mice to investigate the role of PKR in modulating insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet. Our data show that in lean Pkr(-/-) mice, there is an improvement in insulin sensitivity, and in glucose tolerance, and a reduction in fasting blood glucose, probably related to a decrease in protein phosphatase 2A activity and a parallel increase in insulin-induced thymoma viral oncogene-1 (Akt) phosphorylation. PKR is activated in tissues of obese mice and can induce insulin resistance by directly binding to and inducing insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 serine307 phosphorylation or indirectly through modulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase β. Pkr(-/-) mice were protected from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance and showed improved insulin signaling associated with a reduction in c-Jun N-terminal kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase β phosphorylation in insulin-sensitive tissues. PKR may have a role in insulin sensitivity under normal physiological conditions, probably by modulating protein phosphatase 2A activity and serine-threonine kinase phosphorylation, and certainly, this kinase may represent a central mechanism for the integration of pathogen response and innate immunity with insulin action and metabolic pathways that are critical in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carvalho-Filho
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Carvalho BM, Guadagnini D, Tsukumo DML, Schenka AA, Latuf-Filho P, Vassallo J, Dias JC, Kubota LT, Carvalheira JBC, Saad MJA. Modulation of gut microbiota by antibiotics improves insulin signalling in high-fat fed mice. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2823-2834. [PMID: 22828956 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A high-fat dietary intake induces obesity and subclinical inflammation, which play important roles in insulin resistance. Recent studies have suggested that increased concentrations of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), promoted by changes in intestinal permeability, may have a pivotal role in insulin resistance. Thus, we investigated the effect of gut microbiota modulation on insulin resistance and macrophage infiltration. METHODS Swiss mice were submitted to a high-fat diet with antibiotics or pair-feeding for 8 weeks. Metagenome analyses were performed on DNA samples from mouse faeces. Blood was collected to determine levels of glucose, insulin, LPS, cytokines and acetate. Liver, muscle and adipose tissue proteins were analysed by western blotting. In addition, liver and adipose tissue were analysed, blinded, using histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Antibiotic treatment greatly modified the gut microbiota, reducing levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, overall bacterial count and circulating LPS levels. This modulation reduced levels of fasting glucose, insulin, TNF-α and IL-6; reduced activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells, kinase β (IKKβ) and phosphorylated IRS-1 Ser307; and consequently improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance and action in metabolically active tissues. In addition, there was an increase in portal levels of circulating acetate, which probably contributed to an increase in 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mice. We observed a striking reduction in crown-like structures (CLS) and F4/80(+) macrophage cells in the adipose tissue of antibiotic-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that modulation of gut microbiota in obesity can improve insulin signalling and glucose tolerance by reducing circulating LPS levels and inflammatory signalling. Modulation also appears to increase levels of circulating acetate, which activates AMPK and finally leads to reduced macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Carvalho
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - D Guadagnini
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - D M L Tsukumo
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - A A Schenka
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - P Latuf-Filho
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - J Vassallo
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - J C Dias
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L T Kubota
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J B C Carvalheira
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - M J A Saad
- Internal Medicine Department-Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil.
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Mittestainer F, de Melo Carvalho B, Calisto KL, Guadagnini D, Saad MJA. Insulin exerts anti-inflammatory effects through reduction of IKK/IκB/NF-κB pathway activation in septic rats. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3504869 DOI: 10.1186/cc11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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