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Porcarelli L, Cauduro A, Bianchi E, Pauciulo C, Maurelli C, Corlazzoli D. Early Neurophysiological Abnormalities in Suspected Acute Canine Polyradiculoneuropathy. Vet Sci 2024; 11:178. [PMID: 38668445 PMCID: PMC11054700 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (ACP) is a common peripheral neuropathy in dogs, and is generally self-limiting and benign. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests are typically performed after 7-10 days. Delaying the definitive diagnosis may hamper the treatment of other causes of acute weakness, which may require specific treatments and may carry different prognoses. This retrospective multicenter study aims to assess whether EDX performed within the first 6 days of clinical signs onset can detect alterations indicative of ACP, and aims to characterize the most prevalent alterations. A total of 71 dogs with suspected ACP were retrospectively analyzed and classified into two groups based on EDX timing: early group (EG, 1-6 days after symptom onset) and late group (LG, 7-15 days after symptom onset). In our study, no significant differences were found between the two groups in motor nerve conduction studies (MNCSs) and F-wave analysis, indicating that EDX is able to demonstrate abnormalities even in the first 6 days from onset. Although the LG showed significantly greater degrees of electromyographic (EMG) alterations compared to the EG, frequent muscle alterations were still observed in the EG group. These findings support the use of EDX in patients with suspected ACP within the first 6 days from the clinical onset. Prompt neurophysiological examinations for suspected ACP patients can be performed effectively and can help allow for early diagnosis and facilitate appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Porcarelli
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
| | | | - Ezio Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Claudia Pauciulo
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Chiara Maurelli
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniele Corlazzoli
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
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Czerwik A, Jarešová T, Olszewska A, Farke D, Schmidt MJ, Lehmann H. Manual therapeutic plasma exchange for treatment of a dog with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:14. [PMID: 36973731 PMCID: PMC10044371 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis is one of the most common polyneuropathies occurring in dogs. The disease is very similar to the Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. In veterinary medicine, there is no established treatment for this disease, while in human medicine, therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin administration are two main immunotherapy treatments of this syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION A 12-year-old male Jack Russel Terrier was presented with a history of acute weakness of the pelvic limbs progressing to flaccid tetraplegia with respiratory compromise. Complete diagnostic workup was performed including blood work, diagnostic imaging (radiographs of the thorax as well as ultrasound of the abdomen) and echocardiography. Based on the clinical course, neurological localisation and the results of electrodiagnostic examination acute canine polyradiculoneuritis was suspected. During the hospitalization, the dog deteriorated and was admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory support via tracheostomy tube. In addition to symptomatic treatment, immunotherapy via single treatment of manual therapeutic plasma exchange was administered. This procedure was safe, and the dog showed improvement of clinical signs 3 days after therapy was initiated, as well as improvement of neurological signs (from grade 4 tetraplegia to grade 3) within 5 days. However, the dog was euthanized 3 weeks later due to complications related to the tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case report of a manual therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog with suspected acute canine polyradiculoneuritis suggesting that this method is safe and well tolerated in dogs with this disease. It may be a reasonable adjunctive treatment to supportive therapy in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Czerwik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str.114, 35392, Neurosurgery, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Tereza Jarešová
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Internal Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, Justus- Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str.114, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Olszewska
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str.114, 35392, Neurosurgery, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Farke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str.114, 35392, Neurosurgery, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Jürgen Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str.114, 35392, Neurosurgery, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehmann
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Service, Vetklinikum LS, Laxenburger Str. 252a, 1230, Vienna, Austria
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Gernone F, Uva A, Cavalera MA, Zatelli A. Neurogenic Bladder in Dogs, Cats and Humans: A Comparative Review of Neurological Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3233. [PMID: 36496754 PMCID: PMC9739254 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) includes abnormalities in the structure and function of the bladder and the urethra. LUTD caused by neurological disease is defined neurogenic bladder (NB). The integrity of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) is required to explicate normal micturition, maintaining the proper function of bladder and urethra. The location and type of neurological lesions influence the pattern of clinical manifestations, potential treatment, and prognosis. Though, in dogs and cats, spinal cord injury is considered mainly responsible for bladder and/or urethra incompetence, other disorders, congenital or acquired, involving CNS or PNS, could play a role in NB. In veterinary medicine, the information about the epidemiology, prevalence, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of NB are scattered. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the epidemiology, prevalence, clinical findings, diagnosis and prognosis for NB in dogs and cats compared with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Gernone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Halstead SK, Gourlay DS, Penderis J, Bianchi E, Dondi M, Wessmann A, Musteata M, Le Chevoir M, Martinez-Anton L, Bhatti SFM, Volk H, Mateo I, Tipold A, Ives E, Pakozdy A, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Brocal J, Whitehead Z, Granger N, Pazzi P, Harcourt-Brown T, José-López R, Rupp S, Schenk HC, Smith P, Gandini G, Menchetti M, Mortera-Balsa V, Rusbridge C, Tauro A, Cozzi F, Deutschland M, Tirrito F, Freeman P, Lowrie M, Jackson MR, Willison HJ, Rupp A. Serum anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG antibodies are biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:104-112. [PMID: 34791652 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A previous single-country pilot study indicated serum anti-GM2 and anti-GA1 anti-glycolipid antibodies as potential biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. This study aims to validate these findings in a large geographically heterogenous cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sera from 175 dogs clinically diagnosed with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, 112 dogs with other peripheral nerve, cranial nerve or neuromuscular disorders and 226 neurologically normal dogs were screened for anti-glycolipid antibodies against 11 common glycolipid targets to determine the immunoglobulin G anti-glycolipid antibodies with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. RESULTS Anti-GM2 anti-glycolipid antibodies reached the highest combined sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity: 65.1%, 95% confidence interval 57.6 to 72.2%; specificity: 90.2%, 95% confidence interval 83.1 to 95.0%), followed by anti-GalNAc-GD1a anti-glycolipid antibodies (sensitivity: 61.7%, 95% confidence interval 54.1 to 68.9%; specificity: 89.3%, 95% confidence interval 82.0 to 94.3%) and these anti-glycolipid antibodies were frequently present concomitantly. Anti-GA1 anti-glycolipid antibodies were detected in both acute canine polyradiculoneuritis and control animals. Both for anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a anti-glycolipid antibodies, sex was found a significantly associated factor with a female to male odds ratio of 2.55 (1.27 to 5.31) and 3.00 (1.22 to 7.89), respectively. Anti-GalNAc-GD1a anti-glycolipid antibodies were more commonly observed in dogs unable to walk (OR 4.56, 1.56 to 14.87). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a immunoglobulin G anti-glycolipid antibodies represent serum biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Halstead
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - D S Gourlay
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - J Penderis
- Vet Extra Neurology, Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Stirling, FK7 7LE, UK
| | - E Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - M Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - A Wessmann
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Pride Veterinary Centre, Pride Park, Derby, DE24 8HX, UK
| | - M Musteata
- Neurology Service, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 700489, Romania
| | - M Le Chevoir
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - L Martinez-Anton
- Chestergates Veterinary Specialists, Telford Court, Chestergates, CH1 6LT, UK
| | - S F M Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Mateo
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Veterinario - Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - A Pakozdy
- University Hospital for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - J Brocal
- Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital, Bradbury, Stockton-on-Tees, TS21 2ES, UK
| | - Z Whitehead
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - N Granger
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.,CVS Referrals, Bristol Veterinary Specialists at Highcroft, Bristol, UK
| | - P Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - T Harcourt-Brown
- Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - R José-López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - S Rupp
- Tierklinik Hofheim, 65719, Hofheim, Germany
| | - H C Schenk
- Tierklinik Lüneburg, 21337, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - P Smith
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals, Cressex Business Park, High Wycombe, HP12 3SD, UK
| | - G Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - M Menchetti
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Italy
| | - V Mortera-Balsa
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, 3&4 The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Bletchingley, Surrey, RH1 4QP, UK
| | - C Rusbridge
- Neurology Section, Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - A Tauro
- Chestergates Veterinary Specialists, Telford Court, Chestergates, CH1 6LT, UK
| | - F Cozzi
- Clinica Neurologica Veterinaria, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | | | - F Tirrito
- Clinica Neurologica Veterinaria, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - P Freeman
- The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - M Lowrie
- Dovecote Veterinary Hospital, Castle Donington, Derby, DE74 2LJ, UK
| | - M R Jackson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, G61 1QH, UK
| | - H J Willison
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - A Rupp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Musteata M, Ștefănescu R, Baisan AR, Mocanu D, Pașca SA, Hrițcu LD, Henea M, Solcan G. Acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis with secondary arterial hypertension in a 5-year-old male Siberian Husky. Vet Q 2021; 40:223-228. [PMID: 32886034 PMCID: PMC7534362 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1820099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute canine idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis (ACIP) is one of the most common generalised neuromuscular diseases affecting dogs. In this report, we describe a 5-year-old, 25-kg, male, intact, Siberian Husky dog with ACIP with secondary induced arterial hypertension {systolic blood pressure [mean (m) ± standard deviation (sd)], 214 ± 19 mmHg; mean blood pressure (m ± sd), 164 ± 6.36 mmHg; and diastolic blood pressure (m ± sd), 137 ± 0.7 mmHg} and sinus tachycardia. Heart rate variability analysis indicated decreased vagal activity (low root-mean-square values of successive RR interval differences and percentages of the RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms in the entire recording) and predominance of sympathetic activity. Arterial hypertension was treated with amlodipine but remained greater than the upper limit for 51 days until the dog recovered ambulation. This is the first case report of ACIP and secondary arterial hypertension in a dog. Routine blood pressure measurements should be included in the monitoring of patients with ACIP if arterial hypertension might interfere with patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Musteata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Raluca Ștefănescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Andrei Radu Baisan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Diana Mocanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Sorin Aurelian Pașca
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Luminița Diana Hrițcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Mădălina Henea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Iași, Romania
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Lloyd F, Nadal VG, Stalin C, Murison P. Respiratory failure in a French Bulldog with suspected acute polyradiculoneuropathy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim SH, Choi SI, Song KH, Seo KW. Two cases of acute polyradiculoneuritis in dogs consuming a raw poultry diet. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:465-468. [PMID: 33518606 PMCID: PMC8025411 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with ascending flaccid tetraparesis, and a 5-year-old castrated male Poodle dog presented with ventroflexion of neck, dysphonia, and hindlimb weakness, which progressed to acute ascending tetraparesis. Both dogs were fed raw poultry for over 9 and 5 years, respectively. Blood examination and other test results were normal or unrelated to the present case. Fecal polymerase chain reaction analysis in the Poodle dog was positive for Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni. Tetraparesis improved with supportive care in both dogs. Human IV immunoglobulin was only administered to the Poodle dog, which showed a shorter recovery (12 days compared to 34 days in the mixed-breed dog). Both dogs returned to normal conditions eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-In Choi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Crawford KC, Dreger DL, Shelton GD, Ekenstedt KJ, Lewis MJ. Juvenile-onset motor polyneuropathy in Siberian cats. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2595-2604. [PMID: 33174656 PMCID: PMC7694826 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyneuropathies are infrequently described in cats. There is a genetic predisposition in several breeds. OBJECTIVE To clinically characterize a novel motor polyneuropathy in a family of Siberian cats. ANIMALS Thirteen closely related Siberian cats, 4 clinically affected and 9 clinically unaffected individuals. METHODS Retrospective study. Clinical data and pedigree information were obtained from the medical records and breeder. Electrodiagnostic testing and muscle and peripheral nerve biopsy samples were obtained from 1 affected cat. Follow-up information was obtained for all affected cats. RESULTS Onset of signs was 4 to 10 months in affected cats. Clinical signs were progressive or waxing/waning neuromuscular weakness (4/4), normal sensory function (4/4), and variably decreased withdrawal reflexes (3/4). All cats returned to normal neurologic function within 1 to 4 weeks. All cats had a recurrence of weakness (3/4 had 1 recurrent episode, 1/4 had 3 relapses) from which they recovered fully. In 1 cat, electromyography and motor nerve conduction studies showed multicentric spontaneous activity, normal motor nerve conduction velocity, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, and polyphasia. Histologic evaluation of muscle and nerve in that cat showed mild muscle atrophy consistent with recent denervation, endoneurial and perineurial edema, and mild mononuclear cell infiltration within intramuscular nerve branches and a peripheral nerve. Pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, although neither a genetically complex/polygenic condition nor an acquired inflammatory polyneuropathy can be ruled-out. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We describe a motor polyneuropathy in juvenile Siberian cats characterized by self-limiting weakness with potential relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Crawford
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Present address:
VCA Alameda EastDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Dayna L. Dreger
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Present address:
National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - G. Diane Shelton
- Department of PathologySchool of Medicine, University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kari J. Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Honnas CM, Athey JM, Verocai GG, Snowden KF, Esteve-Gasent MD, Mankin JM. Apparent Ixodes tick paralysis in a cat from North America. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920964001. [PMID: 33117555 PMCID: PMC7570782 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920964001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 2-year-old castrated male domestic longhair cat presented for acute, diffuse, flaccid paralysis. Thoracic and abdominal radiographs, biochemistry panel and complete blood count were unremarkable. Titers to Toxoplasma gondii, myasthenia gravis radioimmunoassay testing and creatinine kinase levels were within normal limits. The most likely differentials included acute toxicity (coral snake envenomation, organophosphate toxicity), botulism and, less likely, acute polyradiculoneuritis. A thorough physical examination revealed a single engorged tick attached to the ventral neck of the cat, which was later identified as an adult female Ixodes species. Topical fipronil and (S)-methoprene was administered. Over the next 48 h, the cat recovered full motor function and at 5 days post-tick removal the cat had resumed all normal activities. Relevance and novel information Tick paralysis is considered endemic in Australia by bites from, most commonly, the Ixodes holocyclus tick. However, this phenomenon is rarely reported in the USA. This is the first report of a domestic cat suffering from acute tick paralysis in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri M Honnas
- Emergency and Critical Care Services, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jillian M Athey
- Emergency and Critical Care Services, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Karen F Snowden
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Maria D Esteve-Gasent
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Mankin
- Small Animal Neurology Services, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Caramalac S, Caramalac S, Fernandes T, Palumbo M. Polirradiculoneuropatia periférica desmielinizante associada ao uso de carbamazepina em cão: relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Diversos fármacos são utilizados no tratamento da epilepsia e, assim como outros medicamentos, podem induzir a ocorrência de efeitos adversos, alguns tão graves que geram a necessidade de descontinuidade e substituição da terapia. A carbamazepina pode levar a alterações nos sistemas cardiovascular, respiratório e neurológico, sendo descritos na literatura casos de indução de miastenia gravis como distúrbio neuromuscular. Este estudo relata o caso de um cão que desenvolveu polirradiculoneuropatia desmielinizante, tendo como provável desencadeante a terapia com carbamazepina. O paciente apresentou tetraplegia, ausência de reflexos espinhais nos quatro membros, fraqueza cervical, diminuição do reflexo palpebral bilateral e esforço respiratório. A eletroneuromiografia demonstrou sinais de desmielinização. Este, portanto, é o primeiro relato de associação entre carbamazepina e polirradiculoneuropatia desmielinizante em cão.
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Martinez-Anton L, Marenda MS, Firestone SM, Bushell RN, Child G, Hamilton AI, Long SN, le Chevoir MAR. Response from Dr. Martinez-Anton, et al. to Dr. Foster letter to editor regarding Investigation of the role of Campylobacter
infection in suspected acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN) in dogs. Vet Med (Auckl) 2018; 32:1843-1845. [PMID: 30315660 PMCID: PMC6271310 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Martinez-Anton
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Marc S. Marenda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Simon M. Firestone
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Rhys N. Bushell
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Alexander I. Hamilton
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service; West Midlands United Kingdom
| | - Sam N. Long
- Centre for Animal Referral & Emergency; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Matthias A. R. le Chevoir
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Motor Neuron Disease in Australian Dogs and Cats. J Vet Med 2018; 2018:1018230. [PMID: 30159335 PMCID: PMC6106963 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1018230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases presenting with lower motor neuron (LMN) signs are frequently seen in small animal veterinary practice in Australia. In addition to the most common causes of LMN disease seen world-wide, such as idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis and myasthenia gravis, there are several conditions presenting with LMN signs that are peculiar to the continent of Australia. These include snake envenomation by tiger (Notechis spp.), brown (Pseudonaja spp.), and black snakes (Pseudechis spp.), tick paralysis associated with Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes coronatus, and tetrodotoxins from marine animals such as puffer fish (Tetraodontidae spp.) and blue-ring octopus (Hapalochlaena spp.). The wide range of differential diagnoses along with the number of etiological-specific treatments (e.g., antivenin, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) and highly variable prognoses underscores the importance of a complete physical exam and comprehensive history to aid in rapid and accurate diagnosis of LMN disease in Australian dogs and cats. The purpose of this review is to discuss diagnosis and treatment of LMN diseases seen in dogs and cats in Australia.
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Martinez-Anton L, Marenda M, Firestone SM, Bushell RN, Child G, Hamilton AI, Long SN, Le Chevoir MAR. Investigation of the Role of Campylobacter Infection in Suspected Acute Polyradiculoneuritis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:352-360. [PMID: 29356096 PMCID: PMC5787210 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN) is an immune‐mediated peripheral nerve disorder in dogs that shares many similarities with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in humans, in which the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter spp. now is considered to be a major triggering agent. Little information is available concerning the relationship between APN and Campylobacter spp. in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives To estimate the association between Campylobacter spp. infection and APN. Associations with additional potential risk factors also were investigated, particularly consumption of raw chicken. Animals Twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs suffering from suspected APN and 47 healthy dogs, client‐owned or owned by staff members. Methods Case‐control study with incidence density‐based sampling. Fecal samples were collected from each enrolled animal to perform direct culture, DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Campylobacter spp. In some cases, species identification was performed by sequence analysis of the amplicon. Data were obtained from the medical records and owner questionnaires in both groups. Results In cases in which the fecal sample was collected within 7 days from onset of clinical signs, APN cases were 9.4 times more likely to be positive for Campylobacter spp compared to control dogs (P < 0.001). In addition, a significant association was detected between dogs affected by APN and the consumption of raw chicken (96% of APN cases; 26% of control dogs). The most common Campylobacter spp. identified was Campylobacter upsaliensis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Raw chicken consumption is a risk factor in dogs for the development of APN, which potentially is mediated by infection with Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Martinez-Anton
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M Marenda
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S M Firestone
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - R N Bushell
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - G Child
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A I Hamilton
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S N Long
- Centre for Animal Referral & Emergency, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M A R Le Chevoir
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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14
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Heikkilä HM, Jokinen TS, Syrjä P, Junnila J, Hielm-Björkman A, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O. Assessing adverse effects of intra-articular botulinum toxin A in healthy Beagle dogs: A placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191043. [PMID: 29320549 PMCID: PMC5761897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical, cytological, and histopathological adverse effects of intra-articularly injected botulinum toxin A in dogs and to study whether the toxin spreads from the joint after the injection. METHODS A longitudinal, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted with six healthy laboratory Beagle dogs. Stifle joints were randomized to receive either 30 IU of onabotulinum toxin A or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Adverse effects and spread of the toxin were examined by evaluating dynamic and static weight-bearing of the injected limbs, by assessing painless range of motion and pain on palpation of joints, and by performing synovial fluid analysis, neurological examination, and electrophysiological recordings at different examination time-points in a 12-week period after the injections. The dogs were then euthanized and autopsy and histopathological examination of joint structures and adjacent muscles and nerves were performed. RESULTS Intra-articular botulinum toxin A did not cause local weakness or injection site pain. Instead, static weight-bearing and painless range of motion of stifle joints decreased in the placebo limbs. No clinically significant abnormalities associated with intra-articular botulinum toxin A were detected in the neurological examinations. Electrophysiological recordings showed low compound muscle action potentials in two dogs in the botulinum toxin A-injected limb. No significant changes were detected in the synovial fluid. Autopsy and histopathological examination of the joint and adjacent muscles and nerves did not reveal histopathological adverse effects of the toxin. CONCLUSION Intra-articular botulinum toxin A does not produce significant clinical, cytological, or histopathological adverse effects in healthy dogs. Based on the electrophysiological recordings, the toxin may spread from the joint, but its clinical impact seems to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helka M. Heikkilä
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tarja S. Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla Syrjä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Laitinen-Vapaavuori
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Laws EJ, Harcourt-Brown TR, Granger N, Rose JH. An exploratory study into factors influencing development of acute canine polyradiculoneuritis in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:437-443. [PMID: 28463414 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the development of acute canine polyradiculoneuritis is associated with various putative risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective case-control study with conditional logistic regression analysis from a referral hospital population in the UK where controls were matched for year of presentation. RESULTS Forty-three cases were identified with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis and 86 controls were selected. Jack Russell terriers and West Highland white terriers were found to have a significantly greater odds of developing acute canine polyradiculoneuritis compared to a mixed baseline group of dogs. The odds of developing acute canine polyradiculoneuritis were greater in the autumn and winter compared to spring. Vaccination, rural/urban habitation, sex, neuter status and age were not associated with development of acute canine polyradiculoneuritis in our population of dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Breed and season were associated with development of acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. However, this is a small sample and so this observation needs confirmation in further studies and other factors may also be involved. Nevertheless, these findings may be important in further understanding the aetiopathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Laws
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford Small Animal Hospital, Bristol, BS405DU, UK
| | | | - N Granger
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J H Rose
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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Gross S, Fischer A, Rosati M, Matiasek L, Corlazzoli D, Cappello R, Porcarelli L, Harcourt-Brown T, Jurina K, Garosi L, Flegel T, Quitt P, Molin J, Huelsmeyer VI, Schenk H, Gandini G, Gnirs K, Blot S, Jeandel A, Baroni M, Loderstedt S, Abbiati G, Leithaeuser C, Schulze S, Kornberg M, Lowrie M, Matiasek K. Nodo-paranodopathy, internodopathy and cleftopathy: Target-based reclassification of Guillain-Barré-like immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathies in dogs and cats. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:825-836. [PMID: 27743643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent views on Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) question the accuracy of classification into axonal and demyelinating subtypes that represent convergent neurophysiological phenotypes rather than immunological targets. Instead it has been proposed to clarify the primarily affected fibre subunit in nerve biopsies. As nerve biopsies rarely are part of routine work-up in human patients we evaluated tissues taken from companion animals affected by GBS-like polyradiculoneuropathy to screen for distribution of immune cells, targeted fibre components and segregating non-inflammatory lesions. We identified that immune responses were directed either at Schmidt-Lanterman clefts, the paranode-node complex or both. Based on infiltrative and non-inflammatory changes, four subtypes and/or stages were distinguished, some of which indicate localisation of primary target antigens while others represent convergent late stage pictures, as a consequence to epitope spreading. The impact of histological subtyping onto clinical management and prognosis remains to be evaluated in future clinical trials. Natural development and clinical manifestation of large animal dysimmune neuropathy may reflect human Guillain-Barré syndrome more accurately than experimental models and therefore provide complementary clues for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gross
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Matiasek
- Neurology Referral Service, Tierklinik Haar, Haar, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Tom Harcourt-Brown
- Section of Neurology, Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Konrad Jurina
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laurent Garosi
- Neurology Referral Service, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, UK
| | - Thomas Flegel
- Neurology Unit, Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pia Quitt
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Molin
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Velia-Isabel Huelsmeyer
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Schenk
- Neurology Service, Tierklinik Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Kirsten Gnirs
- Section of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Advetia Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Section of Neurologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, University of Paris Est, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Aurélien Jeandel
- Section of Neurologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, University of Paris Est, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Massimo Baroni
- Section of Neurology, Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole, Monsummano, Italy
| | - Shenja Loderstedt
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Lowrie
- Dovecote Veterinary Hospital, Castle Donington, UK
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Cuthbert S, Morton M, Lowrie M. Immunodeficiency syndrome in a Weimaraner involving the peripheral nervous system. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cuthbert
- Davies Veterinary SpecialistsHertfordshireUK
| | - M. Morton
- Department of OrthopaedicsDavies Veterinary SpecialistsHigham GobionUK
| | - M. Lowrie
- Department of NeurologyDovecote Veterinary HospitalDerbyUK
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