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Sánchez-Garrido AI, Prieto-Vicente V, Blanco-Gozalo V, Arévalo M, Quiros Y, López-Montañés D, López-Hernández FJ, Rodríguez-Pérez A, López-Novoa JM. Preventive Effect of Cardiotrophin-1 Administration before DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122086. [PMID: 31805674 PMCID: PMC6947259 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a relatively frequent, chronic disease that impacts significantly the patient's quality of life. Although many therapeutic options are available, additional approaches are needed because many patients either do not respond to current therapies or show significant side effects. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine with potent cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The purpose of this study was to assess if the administration of CT-1 could reduce colon damage in mice with experimental colitis was induced with 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water. Half of the mice received an i.v. dose of CT-1 (200 µg/kg) 2 h before and 2 and 4 days after DSS administration. Animals were followed during 7 days after DSS administration. The severity of colitis was measured by standard scores. Colon damage was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory mediators were measured by Western blot and PCR. CT-1 administration to DSS-treated mice ameliorated both the clinical course (disease activity index), histological damage, inflammation (colon expression of TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, INF IFN-γ, and iNOS), and apoptosis. Our results suggest that CT-1 administration before induction of colitis improves the clinical course, tissue damage, and inflammation in DSS-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Sánchez-Garrido
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.S.-G.); (V.P.-V.); (A.R.-P.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.; (M.A.); (D.L.-M.); (F.J.L.-H.)
| | - Vanessa Prieto-Vicente
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.S.-G.); (V.P.-V.); (A.R.-P.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.; (M.A.); (D.L.-M.); (F.J.L.-H.)
| | - Víctor Blanco-Gozalo
- Bio-inRen S.L. Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.B.-G.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Miguel Arévalo
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.; (M.A.); (D.L.-M.); (F.J.L.-H.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yaremi Quiros
- Bio-inRen S.L. Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.B.-G.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Daniel López-Montañés
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.; (M.A.); (D.L.-M.); (F.J.L.-H.)
- Bio-inRen S.L. Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.B.-G.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Francisco J. López-Hernández
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.; (M.A.); (D.L.-M.); (F.J.L.-H.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (A.I.S.-G.); (V.P.-V.); (A.R.-P.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.; (M.A.); (D.L.-M.); (F.J.L.-H.)
| | - José M. López-Novoa
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.; (M.A.); (D.L.-M.); (F.J.L.-H.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923294500; Fax: +34-923294669
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Perretta‐Tejedor N, Muñoz‐Félix JM, Düwel A, Quiros‐Luis Y, Fernández‐Martín JL, Morales AI, López‐Hernández FJ, López‐Novoa JM, Martínez‐Salgado C. Cardiotrophin-1 opposes renal fibrosis in mice: Potential prevention of chronic kidney disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13247. [PMID: 30589223 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chronic kidney disease is characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis involving inflammation, tubular apoptosis, fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation. Cardiotrophin-1, a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, protects several organs from damage by promoting survival and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether cardiotrophin-1 participates in the response to chronic kidney injury leading to renal fibrosis is unknown. METHODS We hypothesized and assessed the potential role of cardiotrophin-1 in a mice model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). RESULTS Three days after UUO, obstructed kidneys from cardiotrophin-1-/- mice show higher expression of inflammatory markers IL-1β, Cd68, ICAM-1, COX-2 and iNOs, higher activation of NF-κB, higher amount of myofibroblasts and higher severity of tubular damage and apoptosis, compared with obstructed kidneys from wild-type littermates. In a later stage, obstructed kidneys from cardiotrophin-1-/- mice show higher fibrosis than obstructed kidneys from wild-type mice. Interestingly, administration of exogenous cardiotrophin-1 prevents the increased fibrosis resulting from the genetic knockout of cardiotrophin-1 upon UUO, and supplementation of wild-type mice with exogenous cardiotrophin-1 further reduces the renal fibrosis induced by UUO. In vitro, renal myofibroblasts from cardiotrophin-1-/- mice have higher collagen I and fibronectin expression and higher NF-κB activation than wild-type cells. CONCLUSIONS Cardiotrophin-1 participates in the endogenous response that opposes renal damage by counteracting the inflammatory, apoptotic and fibrotic processes. And exogenous cardiotrophin-1 is proposed as a candidate for the treatment and prevention of chronic renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Perretta‐Tejedor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences Studies of Castilla y Leon (IECSCYL) Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain
| | - José M. Muñoz‐Félix
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain
| | - Annette Düwel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences Studies of Castilla y Leon (IECSCYL) Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain
| | - Yaremi Quiros‐Luis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - José L. Fernández‐Martín
- UGC Bone Metabolism Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Ana I. Morales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain
| | - Francisco J. López‐Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences Studies of Castilla y Leon (IECSCYL) Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain
| | - José M. López‐Novoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez‐Salgado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD) University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Health Sciences Studies of Castilla y Leon (IECSCYL) Salamanca Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL) Salamanca Spain
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Raso A, Dirkx E, Philippen LE, Fernandez-Celis A, De Majo F, Sampaio-Pinto V, Sansonetti M, Juni R, El Azzouzi H, Calore M, Bitsch N, Olieslagers S, Oerlemans MIFJ, Huibers MM, de Weger RA, Reckman YJ, Pinto YM, Zentilin L, Zacchigna S, Giacca M, da Costa Martins PA, López-Andrés N, De Windt LJ. Therapeutic Delivery of miR-148a Suppresses Ventricular Dilation in Heart Failure. Mol Ther 2018; 27:584-599. [PMID: 30559069 PMCID: PMC6403487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is preceded by ventricular remodeling, changes in left ventricular mass, and myocardial volume after alterations in loading conditions. Concentric hypertrophy arises after pressure overload, involves wall thickening, and forms a substrate for diastolic dysfunction. Eccentric hypertrophy develops in volume overload conditions and leads wall thinning, chamber dilation, and reduced ejection fraction. The molecular events underlying these distinct forms of cardiac remodeling are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that miR-148a expression changes dynamically in distinct subtypes of heart failure: while it is elevated in concentric hypertrophy, it decreased in dilated cardiomyopathy. In line, antagomir-mediated silencing of miR-148a caused wall thinning, chamber dilation, increased left ventricle volume, and reduced ejection fraction. Additionally, adeno-associated viral delivery of miR-148a protected the mouse heart from pressure-overload-induced systolic dysfunction by preventing the transition of concentric hypertrophic remodeling toward dilation. Mechanistically, miR-148a targets the cytokine co-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and connects cardiomyocyte responsiveness to extracellular cytokines by modulating the Stat3 signaling. These findings show the ability of miR-148a to prevent the transition of pressure-overload induced concentric hypertrophic remodeling toward eccentric hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy and provide evidence for the existence of separate molecular programs inducing distinct forms of myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Raso
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dirkx
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Leonne E Philippen
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amaya Fernandez-Celis
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federica De Majo
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sampaio-Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rio Juni
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamid El Azzouzi
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Calore
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bitsch
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Servé Olieslagers
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martinus I F J Oerlemans
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manon M Huibers
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel A de Weger
- Departments of Cardiology and Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yolan J Reckman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leon J De Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Cardiotrophin-1 Improves Kidney Preservation, Graft Function, and Survival in Transplanted Rats. Transplantation 2018; 102:e404-e412. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cardiotrophin-1 attenuates experimental colitis in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:985-1001. [PMID: 29572384 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) holds potent anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects in the liver, kidneys, and heart. In the present study, the role of endogenous CT-1 and the effect of exogenous CT-1 were evaluated in experimental ulcerative colitis. Colitis was induced in CT-1 knockout and wild-type (WT) mice by administration of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water during 7 days. CT-1 knockout mice showed higher colon damage and disease severity than WT mice. In addition, CT-1 (200 µg/kg/day, iv) or vehicle (as control) was administered during 3 days to WT, colitic mice, starting on day 4 after initiation of DSS. Disease activity index (DAI), inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), INFγ, IL-17, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)), colon damage, apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3), nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and STAT-3 activation, and bacterial translocation were measured. Compared with mice treated with DSS, mice also treated with exogenous CT-1 showed lower colon damage, DAI, plasma levels of TNFα, colon expression of TNF-α, INFγ, IL-17, iNOS and cleaved caspase 3, higher NFκB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways activation, and absence of bacterial translocation. We conclude that endogenous CT-1 plays a role in the defense and repair response of the colon against ulcerative lesions through an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect. Supplementation with exogenous CT-1 ameliorates disease symptoms, which opens a potentially new therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis.
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Song K, Wang S, Huang B, Luciano A, Srivastava R, Mani A. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 levels are associated with hypertensive heart disease: a meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16:686-92. [PMID: 25052897 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of the interleukin 6 cytokine superfamily. Plasma CT-1 levels have been associated with heart failure and hypertension in small independent studies. Whether plasma CT-1 levels are associated with progression of hypertensive heart disease is poorly understood. The authors carried out a meta-analysis using published studies and electronic databases. Relevant data were extracted using standardized algorithms. Additional data were obtained directly from investigators when indicated. A total of 18 studies were included that reported on association between CT-1 level and hypertension (n=8), cardiac hypertrophy (n=9), and heart failure (HF) (n=10). The serum levels of CT-1 were significantly higher in patients with hypertension (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.06 fmol/mL), left ventricular hypertrophy (SMD, 0.88; 95% CI 0.60-1.17 fmol/mL), or HF (SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.80 fmol/mL) compared with controls. Subgroup analysis revealed CT-1 levels to be highest in patients with hypertension-induced hypertrophy with HF, followed by patients with hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy without HF (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30-0.75 fmol/mL), patients with hypertension without left ventricular hypertrophy (SMD, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.88 fmol/mL) as compared with normotensive patients (SMD, 0.74; 95% CI, 10.45-1.04 fmol/mL). Increased plasma CT-1 levels are associated with risk for HF in hypertensive patients. CT-1 may serve as a novel biomarker in determining prognosis in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxing Song
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; The Cardiology Department, Chinese Peoples' Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wagner MA, Siddiqui MAQ. The JAK-STAT pathway in hypertrophic stress signaling and genomic stress response. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:131-41. [PMID: 24058762 PMCID: PMC3670293 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.20702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a central role in transducing stress and growth signals in the hypertrophic heart. Unlike most signal transducers, JAKs and STATs signal in a number of different ways, both within the JAK-STAT pathway and in collaboration with other signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss how IL-6 activates cells lacking IL-6 receptors through trans-signaling and examine JAK-STAT pathway interaction with GPCR-linked pathways both within and between cells. Finally, we discuss recent studies showing how the JAK-STAT pathway can intersect with a general transcriptional regulatory mechanism to effect transcription of STAT-dependent stress response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Wagner
- Department of Cell Biology; Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research; State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Brooklyn, NY USA
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Downregulation of the cardiotrophin-1 gene expression by valsartan and spironolactone in hypertrophied heart rats in vivo and rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cell line in vitro: a novel mechanism of cardioprotection. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:337-44. [PMID: 23288202 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318283a565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence, prevalence, and hospitalization rates associated with heart failure (HF) are projected to increase substantially in the world. Among all medications used clinically to treat HF, valsartan (VAL) and spironolactone (SPL) have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality. Recently, a novel cardiac gene cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HF. However, the ability of VAL and SPL to modulate the expression of CT-1 has not been investigated yet. Therefore, healthy and isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophy adult male Wistar albino rats were treated with either VAL or SPL for 14 days. Thereafter, cardiac markers of cardiotoxicity and hypertrophy, creatine kinase, heart weight/body weight ratio, and atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels were measured. In addition, CT-1 mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Our results showed that the increases in all HF markers, creatine kinase, heart weight/body weight ratio, and atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA levels in ISO-treated rats were significantly restored to their normal levels by VAL and SPL. In addition, induction of cardiac hypertrophy by ISO caused remarkable induction in CT-1 mRNA and protein expression levels by approximately 3.5- and 3-fold, respectively. Importantly, VAL and SPL significantly decreased the induction of CT-1 gene at the mRNA and protein levels in heart hypertrophied rats. On the other hand, treatment of cardiac-derived rat myoblast H9c2 cells with VAL and SPL significantly decreased angiotensin II-induced CT-1 mRNA levels through transcriptional mechanism, as demonstrated by the effect of transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D. In conclusion, VAL and SPL exhibited their cardioprotective effect through inhibiting the expression of CT-1 gene in cardiac hypertrophied rats.
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Law SK, Leung CSL, Yau KL, Tse CL, Wong CK, Leung FP, Mascheck L, Huang Y, Sauer H, Tsang SY. Regulation of multiple transcription factors by reactive oxygen species and effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines released during myocardial infarction on cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3458-72. [PMID: 23706318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of how reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate cardiac differentiation in the long-run is unclear and the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted during myocardial infarction on the cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is unknown. The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the effect of ROS on cardiac differentiation and the regulations of transcription factors in ESC differentiation cultures and 2) to investigate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the expression of cardiac structural genes and whether this effect is mediated through ROS signaling. METHODS ESCs were differentiated using hanging drop method. Degree of cardiac differentiation was determined by the appearance of beating embryoid bodies (EBs) and by the expression of cardiac genes using real-time PCR and Western blot. Intracellular ROS level was examined by confocal imaging. RESULTS H2O2-treated EBs were found to have enhanced cardiac differentiation in the long run as reflected by, firstly, an earlier appearance of beating EBs, and secondly, an upregulation in cardiac structural protein expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Also, ROS upregulated the expression of several cardiac-related transcription factors, and increased the post-translationally-activated transcription factors SRF and AP-1. IL-1β, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α upregulated the expression of cardiac structural proteins and increased the ROS level in differentiating EBs. In addition, ROS scavenger reversed the cardiogenic effect of IL-10 and IL-18. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that ROS enhance cardiac differentiation of ESCs through upregulating the expression and activity of multiple cardiac-related transcription factors. IL-1β, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α enhance cardiac differentiation and ROS may serve as the messenger in cardiogenic signaling from these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Kwan Law
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Quiros Y, Sánchez-González PD, López-Hernández FJ, Morales AI, López-Novoa JM. Cardiotrophin-1 Administration Prevents the Renal Toxicity of Iodinated Contrast Media in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2013; 132:493-501. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ruiz-Hurtado G, Gómez-Hurtado N, Fernández-Velasco M, Calderón E, Smani T, Ordoñez A, Cachofeiro V, Boscá L, Díez J, Gómez AM, Delgado C. Cardiotrophin-1 induces sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak and arrhythmogenesis in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:81-9. [PMID: 22787135 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Plasma levels of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) are elevated in several cardiovascular diseases and are correlated with the severity of the pathology. However, the mechanisms by which this inflammatory cytokine participates in the pathology of the heart are not completely understood. It is well established that alterations in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) handling are involved in cardiac dysfunction during heart failure, but it is unknown whether CT-1 modulates [Ca(2+)](i) handling in adult cardiomyocytes. Here we have analyzed for the first time the effects of CT-1 on [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis in adult rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS L-type calcium current (I(CaL)) was recorded using patch-clamp techniques, and [Ca(2+)](i) transients and Ca(2+) sparks were viewed by confocal microscopy. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with 1 nM CT-1 for 20-60 min induced a significant increase in I(CaL) density, [Ca(2+)](i) transients, and cell shortening compared with control cells. Our study reveals that CT-1 increases I(CaL) by a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism, and Ca(2+) sparks by a Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase II-dependent and protein kinase A-independent mechanism. Cardiomyocytes treated with CT-1 exhibited a higher occurrence of arrhythmogenic behaviour, manifested as spontaneous Ca(2+) waves and aftercontractions. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that cardiomyocytes treated with CT-1 present high spontaneous Ca(2+) release during diastole, a mechanism linked to arrhythmogenicity in the pathologic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Inserm, U769, IFR141, Labex Lermit, Université Paris 11, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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Aguilar-Melero P, Luque A, Machuca MM, Pérez de Obanos MP, Navarrete R, Rodríguez-García IC, Briceño J, Iñiguez M, Ruiz J, Prieto J, de la Mata M, Gomez-Villamandos RJ, Muntane J, López-Cillero P. Cardiotrophin-1 reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury during liver transplant. J Surg Res 2012; 181:e83-91. [PMID: 22906559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is currently the elective treatment for advanced liver cirrhosis and acute liver failure. Ischemia/reperfusion damage may jeopardize graft function during the postoperative period. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) has demonstrated cytoprotective properties in different experimental models of liver injury. There is no evidence to demonstrate its potential use in the prevention of the ischemia/reperfusion injury that occurs during OLT. The present study is the first report to show that the administration of CT-1 to donors would benefit the outcome of OLT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We tested the cytoprotective effect of CT-1 administered to the donor prior to OLT in an experimental pig model. Hemodynamic changes, hepatic histology, cell death parameters, activation of cell signaling pathways, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and animal survival were analyzed. RESULTS Our data showed that CT-1 administration to donors increased animal survival, improved cardiac and respiratory functions, and reduced hepatocellular injury as well as oxidative and nitrosative stress. These beneficial effects, related to the activation of AKT, ERK, and STAT3, reduced caspase-3 activity and diminished IL-1β and TNF-α expression together with IL-6 upregulation in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS The administration of CT-1 to donors reduced ischemia/reperfusion injury and improved survival in an experimental pig model of OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Melero
- Liver Research Unit, Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
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14
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González A, López B, Ravassa S, Beaumont J, Zudaire A, Gallego I, Brugnolaro C, Díez J. Cardiotrophin-1 in hypertensive heart disease. Endocrine 2012; 42:9-17. [PMID: 22418690 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive heart disease, here defined by the presence of pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of a cause other than arterial hypertension, is characterized by complex changes in myocardial structure including enhanced cardiomyocyte growth and non-cardiomyocyte alterations that induce the remodeling of the myocardium, and ultimately, deteriorate left ventricular function and facilitate the development of heart failure. It is now accepted that a number of pathological processes mediated by mechanical, neurohormonal, and cytokine routes acting on the cardiomyocyte and the non-cardiomyocyte compartments are responsible for myocardial remodeling in the context of arterial hypertension. For instance, cardiotrophin-1 is a cytokine member of the interleukin-6 superfamily, produced by cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in situations of biomechanical stress that once secreted interacts with its receptor, the heterodimer formed by gp130 and gp90 (also known as leukemia inhibitory factor receptor beta), activating different signaling pathways leading to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as well as myocardial fibrosis. Beyond its potential mechanistic contribution to the development of hypertensive heart disease, cardiotrophin-1 offers the opportunity for a new translational approach to this condition. In fact, recent evidence suggests that cardiotrophin-1 may serve as both a biomarker of left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in hypertensive patients, and a potential target for therapies aimed to prevent and treat hypertensive heart disease beyond blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Área de Ciencias Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pío XII 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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15
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López-Andrés N, Martin-Fernandez B, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Lahera V, Fortuno MA, Cachofeiro V, Díez J. A role for cardiotrophin-1 in myocardial remodeling induced by aldosterone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H2372-82. [PMID: 21926338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00283.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaldosteronim is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis. Cardiotrophin (CT)-1 is a cytokine that induces myocardial remodeling. We investigated whether CT-1 mediates aldosterone (Aldo)-induced myocardial remodeling in two experimental models. Wistar rats were treated with Aldo-salt (1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) with or without spironolactone (200 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 3 wk. Wild-type (WT) and CT-1-null mice were infused with Aldo (1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for 3 wk. Hemodynamic parameters were analyzed. LVH, fibrosis, inflammation, and CT-1 expression were evaluated in both experimental models by histopathological analysis, RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA. Hypertensive Aldo-treated rats exhibited increased LV end-diastolic pressure and -dP/dt compared with controls. The cardiac index, LV cross-sectional area and wall thickness, cardiomyocyte size, collagen deposition, and inflammation were increased in Aldo-salt-treated rats. Myocardial expression of molecular markers assessing LVH and fibrosis as well as CT-l levels were also augmented by Aldo-salt. Spironolactone treatment reversed all the above effects. CT-1 correlated positively with hemodynamic, histological, and molecular parameters showing myocardial remodeling. In WT and CT-1-null mice, Aldo infusion did not modify blood pressure. Whereas Aldo treatment induced LVH, fibrosis, and inflammation in WT mice, the mineralocorticoid did not provoke cardiac remodeling in CT-1-null mice. In conclusion, in experimental hyperaldosteronism, the increase in CT-1 expression was associated with parameters showing LVH and fibrosis. CT-1-null mice were resistant to Aldo-induced LVH and fibrosis. These data suggest a key role for CT-1 in cardiac remodeling induced by Aldo independent of changes in blood pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-Andrés
- U, Faculty of Medicine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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16
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Freed DH, Chilton L, Li Y, Dangerfield AL, Raizman JE, Rattan SG, Visen N, Hryshko LV, Dixon IMC. Role of myosin light chain kinase in cardiotrophin-1-induced cardiac myofibroblast cell migration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H514-22. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01041.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotactic movement of myofibroblasts is recognized as a common means for their sequestration to the site of tissue injury. Following myocardial infarction (MI), recruitment of cardiac myofibroblasts to the infarct scar is a critical step in wound healing. Contractile myofibroblasts express embryonic smooth muscle myosin, α-smooth muscle actin, as well as collagens I and III. We examined the effects of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) in the induction of primary rat ventricular myofibroblast motility. Changes in membrane potential (Em) and Ca2+entry were studied to reveal the mechanisms for induction of myofibroblast migration. CT-1-induced cardiac myofibroblast cell migration, which was attenuated through the inhibition of JAK2 (25 μM AG490), and myosin light chain kinase (20 μM ML-7). Inhibition of K+channels (1 mM tetraethylammonium or 100 μM 4-aminopyridine) and nonselective cation channels by 10 μM gadolinium (Gd3+) significantly reduced migration in the presence of CT-1. CT-1 treatment caused a significant increase in myosin light chain phosphorylation, which could be inhibited by incubation in Ca2+-free conditions or by application of AG490, ML-7, and W7 (100 μM; calmodulin inhibitor). Monitoring myofibroblast membrane potential with potentiometric fluorescent DiBAC4( 3 ) dye revealed a biphasic response to CT-1 consisting of an initial depolarization followed by hyperpolarization. Increased intracellular Ca2+, as assessed by fluo 3, occurred immediately after membrane depolarization and attenuated at the time of maximal hyperpolarization. CT-1 exerts chemotactic effects via multiple parallel signaling modalities in ventricular myofibroblasts, including changes in membrane potential, alterations in intracellular calcium, and activation of a number of intracellular signaling pathways. Further study is warranted to determine the precise role of K+currents in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren H. Freed
- Departments of 1Physiology and
- Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Lisa Chilton
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Services, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Yun Li
- Departments of 1Physiology and
| | | | - Joshua E. Raizman
- Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
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17
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Robador PA, San José G, Rodríguez C, Guadall A, Moreno MU, Beaumont J, Fortuño A, Díez J, Martínez-González J, Zalba G. HIF-1-mediated up-regulation of cardiotrophin-1 is involved in the survival response of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:247-55. [PMID: 21771897 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a cytokine of the interleukin-6 superfamily which is up-regulated in cardiac diseases, in part via hypoxia-dependent mechanisms. However, no evidence for a direct regulation of CT-1 gene (CTF1) promoter by hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been provided. METHODS AND RESULTS Hypoxia increased CT-1 mRNA levels in the murine adult cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 in a time-dependent manner. Interestingly, in a murine model (C57BL/6), we show that systemic hypoxia also significantly up-regulated CT-1 in myocardial tissue. The effect of hypoxia on CT-1 expression was mediated through a transcriptional mechanism, since hypoxia increased luciferase activity of constructs containing CTF1 promoter sequences. The increase in CT-1 levels was significantly reduced by drugs that prevent calcium mobilization, such as lercanidipine, or that inhibit the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway (wortmannin) or mammalian target of rapamycin (rapamycin). The CT-1 elevation was similarly induced by HIF-1α over-expression in co-transfection experiments and prevented by HIF-1α silencing. The direct interaction of HIF-1α with the CTF1 promoter was confirmed through site-directed mutagenesis of hypoxia response elements, electrophoreric mobility shift, and ChIP assays. Hypoxia induced HL-1 apoptosis (measured as annexin-V binding or caspase 3/7 activity) which was increased when CT-1 was silenced in knocked-down cells by lentiviral vectors. CONCLUSION Hypoxia increased CT-1 levels in cardiac cells (in vitro and in vivo) through a direct regulation of CTF1 promoter by HIF-1α. This CT-1 activation by hypoxia may protect cells from apoptosis, thus supporting a protective role for CT-1 as a survival factor for cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Robador
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Cardiotrophin (CT)-1 was discovered by coupling expression cloning with an embryonic stem cell-based model of cardiogenesis. Comparison of similarity in amino acid sequence and conformational structure indicates that CT-1 is a member of the interleukin (IL)-6 type cytokine family that shares the transmembrane signaling protein, glycoprotein (gp) 130 as a receptor. These cytokines mediate overlapping pleiotropic actions on a variety of cell types including cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, megakaryocytes, osteoclasts, and neuronal cells. CT-lmediates its hypertrophic and cytoprotective properties through the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3 kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) pathways. CT-1 gene and protein are distributed not only in the heart, but also in the pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, cerebral, and muscular tissues. CT-1 could also be synthesized and secreted from vascular endothelial cells and adipocytes. CT-1 has hypertrophic actions on the cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and smooth muscle cells as well as cytoprotective actions on the cardiac myocytes, neuronal cells, and hepatocytes. CT-1 is circulating in the body, and its plasma concentration is increased in various cardiovascular and renal diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. Treatment with CT-1 is beneficial in experimental animal models of cardiovascular diseases. CT-1 specifically protects the cardiac myocytes from ischemic damage when CT-1 is given not only prior to the ischemia, but also given at the time of reoxygenation. Current evidence suggests that CT-1 plays an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Jougasaki
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
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19
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Protective effect of the 1742(C/G) polymorphism of human cardiotrophin-1 against left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2011; 28:2219-26. [PMID: 20683337 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32833da326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental and clinical evidence supports a role of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) in the development of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between human CT-1 genetic background and LVH in essential hypertension. METHODS A total of 900 individuals were genotyped for the 1742(C/G) polymorphism of the human CT-1 gene. Serum CT-1 levels were assessed by ELISA in 681 individuals. Left ventricular parameters were determined by two-dimensional echocardiography in 297 individuals. RESULTS The prevalence of the GG genotype of the 1742(C/G) polymorphism was reduced in essential hypertension (8.4% in normotensive individuals, 4.9% in hypertensive patients, P = 0.046 versus CC/CG individuals) and in LVH (11.5% in nonhypertrophic normotensive individuals, 12.2% in nonhypertrophic hypertensive patients, 2.6% in hypertensive patients with LVH, P = 0.008 versus CC/CG individuals). Apart from this, GG individuals presented lower serum concentration of CT-1 (GG, 147.1 ± 10.5 fmol/ml; CC/CG, 187.1 ± 4.8 fmol/ml; P = 0.036) and left ventricular mass index (GG, 91 ± 6 g/m; CC/CG, 119 ± 3 g/m; P = 0.002). Multivariate analyses showed that the 1742(C/G) polymorphism was a significant determinant of both left ventricular mass index and serum CT-1, after adjusting for confounding factors. Finally, in-vitro studies supported the functionality of the 1742(C/G) polymorphism. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the 1742(C/G) polymorphism of the human CT-1 gene is associated with LVH in hypertension and that the GG genotype may have a protective role. It is suggested that CT-1 is one of the mediators of this association.
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20
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Kurdi M, Booz GW. JAK redux: a second look at the regulation and role of JAKs in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H1545-56. [PMID: 19717737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00032.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of type 1 receptor cytokine family members protect the heart from acute and chronic oxidative stress. This protection involves activation of two intracellular signaling cascades: the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, which entails activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and ERK1/2, and JAK-STAT signaling, which involves activation of transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Obligatory for activation of both RISK and STAT3 by nearly all of these cytokines are the kinases JAK1 and JAK2. Yet surprisingly little is known about how JAK1 and JAK2 are regulated in the heart or how they couple to PI3-kinase activation. Although the JAKs are linked to antioxidative stress programs in the heart, we recently reported that these kinases are inhibited by oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes. In contrast, others have reported that cardiac JAK2 is activated by acute oxidative stress by an undefined process. Here we summarize recent insights into the regulation of JAK1 and JAK2. Besides oxidative stress, inhibitory regulation involves phosphorylation, nitration, and intramolecular restraints. Stimulatory regulation involves phosphorylation and adaptor proteins. The net effect of stress on JAK activity in the heart likely represents the sum of both inhibitory and stimulatory processes, along with their dynamic interaction. Thus the regulation of JAKs in the heart, once touted as the paragon of simplicity, is proving rather complicated indeed, requiring a second look. It is our contention that a better understanding of the regulation of this kinase family that is implicated in cardiac protection could translate into effective therapeutic strategies for preventing myocardial damage or repairing the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Kurdi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Educational Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
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21
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22
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Association of plasma cardiotrophin-1 with stage C heart failure in hypertensive patients: Potential diagnostic implications. J Hypertens 2009; 27:418-24. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32831ac981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Novel insights into the role of cardiotrophin-1 in cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 46:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Stejskal D, Ruzicka V. Cardiotrophin-1. Review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2008; 152:9-19. [PMID: 18795069 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2008.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiotrophin-1 is newly discovered chemokin with a lot of functions. Aim of our work was to describe most important of them. METHODS systematically scan of available scientific resources. RESULTS Cardiotrophin-1 stimulates the proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Cardiotrophin-1 expression and plasma values are elevated in individuals with heart failure and have high diagnostic efficacy for the heart failure. Plasma values are also an independent prognostic factor. Preliminary findings suggest that the determination of plasma cardiotrophin-1 may be useful for the follow-up of hypertensive heart disease in routine clinical practice. Cardiotrophin-1 also plays an important cardioprotective effect on myocardial damage, is a potent regulator of signaling in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo and potentiates the elevation the acute-phase proteins. Cardiotrophin-1 may play also an important protective role in other organ systems (such as hematopoietic, neuronal, developmental). CONCLUSION Cardiotrophin is a newly discovered chemokin with a lot of system effects and is stable in system circulation hence permitting its development in the routine clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stejskal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sternberk Hospital, Czech Republic.
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25
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González A, Ravassa S, López B, Loperena I, Querejeta R, Díez J. Apoptosis in hypertensive heart disease: a clinical approach. Curr Opin Cardiol 2008; 21:288-94. [PMID: 16755196 DOI: 10.1097/01.hco.0000231397.64362.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is widely accepted that there are two principal forms of cell death, namely, necrosis and apoptosis. According to the classical view, necrosis is the major mechanism of cardiomyocyte death in cardiac diseases. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS In the past few years observations have been made showing that cardiomyocyte apoptosis occurs in diverse conditions including hypertensive heart disease, and that apoptosis may be a contributing cause of loss and functional abnormalities of cardiomyocytes in this condition. SUMMARY This review will summarize recent evidence demonstrating the potential contribution of cardiomyocyte apoptosis to heart failure in hypertensive patients. In addition, some strategies aimed to detect and prevent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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26
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Shin JO, Ju ES, Song HM, Yun SH, Lim BK, Choi JH, Kim DK, Jeon ES. Effects of Cardiotrophin-1 on Adriamycin-Induced Apoptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts. Korean Circ J 2008. [DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2008.38.5.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ok Shin
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Ju
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Song
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyeon Yun
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Lim
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Jeon
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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27
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González A, Ravassa S, Loperena I, López B, Beaumont J, Querejeta R, Larman M, Díez J. Association of depressed cardiac gp130-mediated antiapoptotic pathways with stimulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in hypertensive patients with heart failure. J Hypertens 2007; 25:2148-57. [PMID: 17885560 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32828626e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the glycoprotein (gp130)-mediated survival pathway, which protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis, is depressed in left ventricular hypertrophy hypertensive patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS Transvenous endomyocardial biopsies were obtained in 52 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: 28 without heart failure and 24 with heart failure. gp130 and gp130-dependent antiapoptotic pathways p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) as well as gp130 agonist cardiotrophin-1 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Apoptosis was assessed by DNA end-labeling (TUNEL), caspase-3 immunostaining and caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. RESULTS gp130 protein expression (P < 0.05) and p42/44 MAPK and PI3K/Akt activation (P < 0.01) were decreased in heart-failure hypertensive patients compared with nonheart-failure hypertensive individuals. No changes in gp130 mRNA expression were found between the two groups. Cardiotrophin-1 was increased (P < 0.05) at both the mRNA and protein levels in heart-failure hypertensive individuals compared with nonheart-failure hypertensive individuals. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was increased (P < 0.01) in heart-failure hypertensive individuals compared with nonheart-failure hypertensive individuals. Inverse correlations (P < 0.01) occurred between cardiomyocyte apoptosis and p42/44 MAPK and PI3K/Akt activation in all hypertensive patients. Cardiotrophin-1 correlated inversely (r = -0.554, P < 0.05) with gp130 in all hypertensive individuals. In cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes, cardiotrophin-1 decreased (P < 0.05) the gp130:phosphorylated gp130 (at Ser782) ratio and increased (P < 0.05) gp130ubiquitination. CONCLUSIONS An association exists between depression of the gp130 cytoprotective pathway and stimulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in hypertensive patients that develop heart failure. Whether the excess of cardiotrophin-1 induces ligand-induced receptor down-regulation in these patients requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa González
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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López B, Castellano JM, González A, Barba J, Díez J. Association of increased plasma cardiotrophin-1 with inappropriate left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Hypertension 2007; 50:977-83. [PMID: 17846346 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.098111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate left ventricular mass is present when the value of left ventricular mass exceeds individual needs to compensate hemodynamic load imposed by increased blood pressure. The goal of this study was to investigate whether plasma concentration of cardiotrophin-1, a cytokine that induces exaggerated hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes with hypertensive phenotype, is related to inappropriate left ventricular mass in patients with essential hypertension. The study was performed in 118 patients with never-treated hypertension and without prevalent cardiac disease. The left ventricular mass prediction from stroke work (systolic blood pressurexDoppler stroke volume), sex, and height (in meters(2.7)) was derived. An observed left ventricular mass/predicted left ventricular mass value >128% defined inappropriate left ventricular mass. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The studies were repeated in a group of 45 patients after 1 year of antihypertensive treatment. At baseline 67 and 51 patients presented with appropriate and inappropriate left ventricular mass, respectively. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 was higher (P<0.001) in patients with inappropriate mass than in patients with appropriate mass and normotensive controls. A direct correlation was found between cardiotrophin-1 and observed left ventricular mass/predicted left ventricular mass ratio (r=0.330, P<0.001) in all hypertensive patients. After treatment, plasma cardiotrophin-1 decreased and increased in patients in which inappropriate left ventricular mass regressed and persisted, respectively, despite a similar reduction of blood pressure in the 2 subgroups of patients. Albeit descriptive in nature, these results suggest the hypothesis that an excess of cardiotrophin-1 may contribute to inappropriate left ventricular growth in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña López
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Ruixing Y, Jinzhen W, Dezhai Y, Jiaquan L. Cardioprotective role of cardiotrophin-1 gene transfer in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Growth Factors 2007; 25:286-94. [PMID: 18092236 DOI: 10.1080/08977190701781289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We observed the effect of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) gene transfer on cardiomyocytes in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Sixty male CD-1 mice weighing approximately 40 g were used in the study. Forty mice were subjected to left coronary artery ligation and randomized to receive AdCT-1 vector (treated group) or AdLacZ vector (control group) treatment, with 20 mice for each group. AdCT-1 or AdLacZ vector was directly injected into the border zone of the ischemic myocardium at six sites, 10 min after ligation (10 microl/site, 2.5 x 10(6) PFU/100 microl). Twenty mice undergoing thoracotomy and injection of an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline solution but not coronary ligation served as sham group. Hemodynamics, histopathology and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were detected at 2 weeks after injection. Four animals in sham, nine in control, and six in treated groups died during the experiment. The remaining 41 mice were included in the study. Mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise or fall were significantly higher in treated group than in control group (P < 0.01 for all), whereas left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, infarct size, the ratio of right ventricle or lung weight to body weight, and apoptotic index were significantly lower in treated group than in control group (P < 0.01 for all). The caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release were also lower in treated group than in control group (P < 0.01 for each). AdCT-1 injection significantly inhibited Fas, Bax and p53, and increased CT-1 and Bcl-2 expression in myocardium. Our results suggest that AdCT-1 vector can be effectively transfected and continued to express bioactive CT-1 protein in myocardium. CT-1 plays an important cardioprotective effect on myocardial damage in the murine model of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ruixing
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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Fischer P, Hilfiker-Kleiner D. Survival pathways in hypertrophy and heart failure: the gp130-STAT3 axis. Basic Res Cardiol 2007; 102:279-97. [PMID: 17530315 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-007-0658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and related cytokines are elevated in patients with congestive heart failure and after myocardial infarction. Serum IL-6 concentrations are related to decreasing functional status of these patients and provide important prognostic information.Moreover, in the failing human heart, multiple components of the IL-6- glycoprotein (gp)130 receptor system are impaired, implicating an important role of this system in cardiac pathophysiology.Experimental studies have shown that the common receptor subunit of IL-6 cytokines is phosphorylated in response to pressure overload and myocardial infarction and that it subsequently activates at least three different downstream signaling pathways, the signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 3 (STAT1/3), the Src-homology tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2)-Ras-ERK, and the PI3K-Akt system. Gp130 receptor mediated signaling promotes cardiomyocyte survival, induces hypertrophy, modulates cardiac extracellular matrix and cardiac function. In this regard, the gp130 receptor system and its main downstream mediator STAT3 play a key role in cardioprotection. This review summarizes the current knowledge of IL-6 cytokines, gp130 receptor and STAT3 signaling in the heart exposed to physiological (aging, pregnancy) and pathophysiological stress (ischemia, pressure overload, inflammation and cardiotoxic agents) with a special focus on the potential role of individual IL-6 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fischer
- Dept. of Cardiology & Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Iñiguez M, Berasain C, Martinez-Ansó E, Bustos M, Fortes P, Pennica D, Avila MA, Prieto J. Cardiotrophin-1 defends the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury and mediates the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:2809-15. [PMID: 17178916 PMCID: PMC2118168 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) liver injury occurs when blood flow is restored after prolonged ischemia. A short interruption of blood flow (ischemic preconditioning [IP]) induces tolerance to subsequent prolonged ischemia through ill-defined mechanisms. Cardiotrophin (CT)-1, a cytokine of the interleukin-6 family, exerts hepatoprotective effects and activates key survival pathways like JAK/STAT3. Here we show that administration of CT-1 to rats or mice protects against I/R liver injury and that CT-1-deficient mice are exceedingly sensitive to this type of damage. IP markedly reduced transaminase levels and abrogated caspase-3 and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase activation after I/R in normal mice but not in CT-1-null mice. Moreover, the protective effect afforded by IP was reduced by previous administration of neutralizing anti-CT-1 antibody. Prominent STAT3 phosphorylation in liver tissue was observed after IP plus I/R in normal mice but not in CT-1-null mice. Oxidative stress, a process involved in IP-induced hepatoprotection, was found to stimulate CT-1 release from isolated hepatocytes. Interestingly, brief ischemia followed by short reperfusion caused mild serum transaminase elevation and strong STAT3 activation in normal and IL-6-deficient mice, but failed to activate STAT3 and provoked marked hypertransaminasemia in CT-1-null animals. In conclusion, CT-1 is an essential endogenous defense of the liver against I/R and is a key mediator of the protective effect induced by IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iñiguez
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Clinica Universitaria and Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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Ebelt H, Jungblut M, Zhang Y, Kubin T, Kostin S, Technau A, Oustanina S, Niebrügge S, Lehmann J, Werdan K, Braun T. Cellular Cardiomyoplasty: Improvement of Left Ventricular Function Correlates with the Release of Cardioactive Cytokines. Stem Cells 2006; 25:236-44. [PMID: 16973829 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies are reporting beneficial effects of the transplantation of alleged cardiac stem cells into diseased hearts after myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms by which transplanted cells might help to promote repair of cardiac tissue are not understood and might involve processes different from the differentiation of transplanted cells into cardiomyocytes. We have compared the effects exerted by skeletal myoblasts (which are not able to form new cardiomyocytes) and ESC-derived cardiomyocytes after implantation into infarcted mouse hearts by echocardiographic follow-up and histological analysis and related these effects to the release of cardioactive cytokines. We found that both cell types led to a long-lasting improvement of left ventricle function and to an improvement of tissue architecture. Since no relevant amounts of myoblast-derived cells were present in infarcted hearts 28 days after transplantation, we investigated the release of cytokines from implanted cells both before and after transplantation into infarcted hearts. ESC-derived cardiomyocytes and myoblasts secreted substantial amounts of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-beta, and oncostatin M, which strongly supported survival and protein synthesis of cultured cardiomyocytes. We postulate that the beneficial effects of the transplantation of myoblasts and cardiomyocytes on heart function and morphology only partially (if at all) depend on the integration of transplanted cells into the myocardium but do depend on the release of a complex blend of cardioactive cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ebelt
- Department of Medicine III, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
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Jiménez Navarro MF, Díez Martínez J, Delgado Jiménez JF, Crespo Leiro MG. La insuficiencia cardíaca en el año 2005. Rev Esp Cardiol 2006; 59 Suppl 1:55-65. [PMID: 16540021 DOI: 10.1157/13084449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article is a review of developments reported in the field of heart failure in the last year. It covers advances in epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapy, including cardiac resynchronization therapy and heart transplantation. Today, management of heart failure is complex. It depends on the participation of numerous health professionals under the guidance of a cardiologist. The increasing prevalence of heart failure means that continuing research is mandatory.
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