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Chen C, Chang TT, Chen JW. Mechanistic role of CXCL5 in cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease. Life Sci 2023; 330:122018. [PMID: 37567498 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, by modulating inflammation process, could contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), and kidney disease. Chemokine CXC motif ligand 5 (CXCL5) is one of the inducible chemokines that may be involved in various inflammatory diseases. Given the bidirectional promiscuity characteristics of the chemokine system, the mechanistic roles of CXCL5 should be further explored in each specific disease. In this article, we sought to review the recent evidence on the differential effects of CXCL5 and their potential mechanisms in cardiovascular disease, DM, and renal disease individually. Future study is still required to verify if CXCL5 could be a novel therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Keeley EC, Blotner MR, Lipson LC, Mehrad B. CXCL5 gene polymorphisms and coronary collateralization. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 23:100220. [PMID: 38560656 PMCID: PMC10978383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The presence of coronary collateralization is heterogenous, even amongst those with similar degrees of epicardial coronary artery stenoses. We hypothesized that genetic variation of CXCL5, a chemokine that mediates angiogenesis, is associated with coronary collateralization. Methods We genotyped subjects undergoing coronary angiography for single nucleotide polymorphisms of CXCL5 and determined the presence of spontaneously visible coronary collaterals. Results Subjects with collaterals had less angina (46 % vs 59 %, p = 0.006), and prior percutaneous coronary intervention (34 % vs 47 %, p = 0.010), and more hyperlipidemia (90 % vs 82 %, p = 0.018), peripheral arterial disease (25 % vs 17 %, p = 0.041), congestive heart failure (16 % vs 8 %, p = 0.007), and multi-vessel coronary artery disease (41 % vs 24 %, p = 0.0001) compared to those without collaterals. Multi-vessel disease and hyperlipidemia were positive predictors of angiographically visible collaterals while being a carrier of the CXCL5 polymorphism was a negative predictor. Conclusions Coronary collateralization may, at least in part, be genetically determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. Keeley
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Blotner
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Lewis C. Lipson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Höglund J, Rafati N, Rask-Andersen M, Enroth S, Karlsson T, Ek WE, Johansson Å. Improved power and precision with whole genome sequencing data in genome-wide association studies of inflammatory biomarkers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16844. [PMID: 31727947 PMCID: PMC6856527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified associations between thousands of common genetic variants and human traits. However, common variants usually explain a limited fraction of the heritability of a trait. A powerful resource for identifying trait-associated variants is whole genome sequencing (WGS) data in cohorts comprised of families or individuals from a limited geographical area. To evaluate the power of WGS compared to imputations, we performed GWAS on WGS data for 72 inflammatory biomarkers, in a kinship-structured cohort. When using WGS data, we identified 18 novel associations that were not detected when analyzing the same biomarkers with genotyped or imputed SNPs. Five of the novel top variants were low frequency variants with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of <5%. Our results suggest that, even when applying a GWAS approach, we gain power and precision using WGS data, presumably due to more accurate determination of genotypes. The lack of a comparable dataset for replication of our results is a limitation in our study. However, this further highlights that there is a need for more genetic epidemiological studies based on WGS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Höglund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Nima Rafati
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Rask-Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torgny Karlsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Weronica E Ek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ravi S, Schuck RN, Hilliard E, Lee CR, Dai X, Lenhart K, Willis MS, Jensen BC, Stouffer GA, Patterson C, Schisler JC. Clinical Evidence Supports a Protective Role for CXCL5 in Coronary Artery Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2895-2911. [PMID: 29153655 PMCID: PMC5718092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to measure the association of CXCL5 and molecular phenotypes associated with coronary atherosclerosis severity in patients at least 65 years old. CXCL5 is classically defined as a proinflammatory chemokine, but its role in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis, is not well defined. We enrolled individuals who were at least 65 years old and undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Coronary artery disease (CAD) severity was quantified in each subject via coronary angiography by calculating a CAD score. Circulating CXCL5 levels were measured from plasma, and both DNA genotyping and mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified via microarray gene chips. We observed a negative association of CXCL5 levels with CAD at an odds ratio (OR) of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.27-0.75). Controlling for covariates, including sex, statin use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, self-reported race, smoking, and diabetes, the OR was not significantly affected [OR, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.31-0.96)], consistent with a protective role for CXCL5 in coronary atherosclerosis. We also identified 18 genomic regions with expression quantitative trait loci of genes correlated with both CAD severity and circulating CXCL5 levels. Our clinical findings are consistent with the emerging link between chemokines and atherosclerosis and suggest new therapeutic targets for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Ravi
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert N Schuck
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eleanor Hilliard
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Craig R Lee
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xuming Dai
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the Division of Cardiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kaitlin Lenhart
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the Division of Cardiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - George A Stouffer
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, the Division of Cardiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cam Patterson
- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan C Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Yang T, Wang S, Zheng Q, Wang L, Li Q, Wei M, Du Z, Fan Y. Increased plasma levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78/CXCL5 during the remission of Neuromyelitis optica. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:96. [PMID: 27401736 PMCID: PMC4940958 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neuromyelitis optica (NMO), one of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms is the formation of antigen-antibody complexes which can trigger an inflammatory response by inducing the infiltration of neutrophils in lesions. Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA 78), known as Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5), belongs to the ELR-CXCL family. It recruits and activates neutrophils. The aim of this study was to evaluate ENA 78, IL-1β and TNF-α plasma levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients. METHODS ENA 78, IL-1β and TNF-α plasma levels were detected in 20 healthy controls (HC), 25 MS and 25 NMO patients using MILLIPLEX® map Human High Sensitivity Cytokine/Chemokine Panels. RESULTS Plasma levels of ENA 78 were significantly higher in NMO patients than in HC (P < 0.001) and MS patients (P < 0.05). The NMO patients showed higher plasma levels of IL-1β compared with HC (P < 0.01). Further, increased plasma levels of TNF-α were found in the MS (P < 0.05) and NMO patients (P < 0.001). In addition, NMO patients had higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores compared with MS patients (P < 0.05). EDSS scores were correlated with plasma levels of ENA 78 in NMO patients (P < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between EDSS scores and plasma levels of ENA 78 in MS patients (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α during the remission of NMO activates ENA 78, which in turn leads to neutrophil infiltration in lesions. ENA 78 plasma levels were correlated with EDSS scores in NMO patients. Elevated secretion of ENA 78 may be a critical step in neutrophil recruitment during the remission of NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266034, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of oncology, Guang An Men Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongpan Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Mostafa GA, Al-Ayadhi LY. The possible link between elevated serum levels of epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78/CXCL5) and autoimmunity in autistic children. Behav Brain Funct 2015; 11:11. [PMID: 25871636 PMCID: PMC4375929 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-015-0056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In autoimmune disorders, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is the formation of antigen-antibody complexes which trigger an inflammatory response by inducing the infiltration of neutrophils. Epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78) is a chemokine that recruits and activates neutrophils, thus it could play a pathogenic role in inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Some autistic children have elevated levels of brain specific auto-antibodies. We are the first to evaluate serum expression of ENA-78 and its relation to antineuronal auto-antibodies in autistic children. Methods Serum ENA-78 and antineuronal auto-antibodies were measured by ELISA test in 62 autistic children aged between 4–11 years and 62 health-matched controls. Results Serum levels of ENA-78 were significantly higher in autistic children than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Increased serum levels of ENA-78 have been found in 69.35% of autistic patients. In addition, autistic children had significantly higher percent positivity of serum antineuronal auto-antibodies (64.5%) than healthy controls (6.45%), P < 0.001. There was a significant positive association between the positivity of serum antineuronal auto-antibodies and the elevated levels of serum ENA-78 (P < 0.001) in autistic children. Conclusions Serum levels of ENA-78 were elevated in autistic children and they were significantly associated with the increased levels of serum antineuronal auto-antibodies. However, these data should be treated with caution until further research is conducted to determine the pathogenic role of ENA-78 in autism and its relation to brain specific auto-antibodies that have been found in some autistic children. The possible therapeutic role of ENA-78 antagonist in autistic children should be also studied.
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Gong Z, Quan L, Yao S, Zirpoli G, Bandera EV, Roberts M, Coignet JG, Cabasag C, Sucheston L, Hwang H, Ciupak G, Davis W, Pawlish K, Jandorf L, Bovbjerg DH, Ambrosone CB, Hong CC. Innate immunity pathways and breast cancer Risk in African American and European-American women in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). PLoS One 2013; 8:e72619. [PMID: 23991131 PMCID: PMC3749137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
African American (AA) women are more likely than European American (EA) women to be diagnosed with early, aggressive breast cancer. Possible differences in innate immune pathways (e.g., inflammatory responses) have received little attention as potential mechanisms underlying this disparity. We evaluated distributions of selected genetic variants in innate immune pathways in AA and EA women, and examined their associations with breast cancer risk within the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). In stage I of the study (864 AA and 650 EA women) we found that genotype frequencies for 35 of 42 tested SNPs (18 candidate genes) differed between AAs and EAs (corroborated by ancestry informative markers). Among premenopausal AA women, comparing variant allele carriers to non-carriers, reduced breast cancer risk was associated with CXCL5-rs425535 (OR=0.61, P=0.02), while among EA women, there were associations with TNFA-rs1799724 (OR =2.31, P =0.002) and CRP-rs1205 (OR=0.54, P=0.01). For postmenopausal women, IL1B-rs1143627 (OR=1.80, P=0.02) and IL1B-rs16944 (OR=1.85, P =0.02) were associated with risk among EA women, with significant associations for TNFA-rs1799724 limited to estrogen receptor (ER) positive cancers (OR=2.0, P =0.001). However, none of the SNPs retained significance after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing at the level of P0.0012 (0.05/42) except for TNFA-rs1799724 in ER positive cancers. In a stage II validation (1,365 AA and 1,307 EA women), we extended evaluations for four SNPs (CCL2-rs4586, CRP-rs1205, CXCL5-rs425535, and IL1RN-rs4251961), which yielded similar results. In summary, distributions of variants in genes involved in innate immune pathways were found to differ between AA and EA populations, and showed differential associations with breast cancer according to menopausal or ER status. These results suggest that immune adaptations suited to ancestral environments may differentially influence breast cancer risk among EA and AA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Gong
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Beitelshees AL, Aquilante CL, Allayee H, Langaee TY, Welder GJ, Schofield RS, Zineh I. CXCL5 polymorphisms are associated with variable blood pressure in cardiovascular disease-free adults. Hum Genomics 2012; 6:9. [PMID: 23245743 PMCID: PMC3505480 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Leukocyte count has been associated with blood pressure, hypertension, and hypertensive complications. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the CXCL5 gene, which encodes the neutrophilic chemokine ENA-78, are associated with blood pressure in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-free adults and that these polymorphisms are functional. Methods and results A total of 192 community-dwelling participants without CVD or risk equivalents were enrolled. Two CXCL5 polymorphisms (−156 G > C (rs352046) and 398 G > A (rs425535)) were tested for associations with blood pressure. Allele-specific mRNA expression in leukocytes was also measured to determine whether heterozygosity was associated with allelic expression imbalance. In −156 C variant carriers, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 7 mmHg higher than in −156 G/G wild-type homozygotes (131 ± 17 vs. 124 ± 14 mmHg; P = 0.008). Similarly, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 4 mmHg higher in −156 C variant carriers (78 ± 11 vs. 74 ± 11 mmHg; P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis of SBP, age, sex, body mass index, and the −156 G > C polymorphism were identified as significant variables. Age, sex, and the −156 G > C SNP were further associated with DBP, along with white blood cells. Allelic expression imbalance and significantly higher circulating ENA-78 concentrations were noted for variant carriers. Conclusion CXCL5 gene polymorphisms are functional and associated with variable blood pressure in CVD-free individuals. The role of CXCL5 as a hypertension- and CVD-susceptibility gene should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Beitelshees
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Hasani Ranjbar S, Amiri P, Zineh I, Langaee TY, Namakchian M, Heshmet R, Sajadi M, Mirzaee M, Rezazadeh E, Balaei P, Tavakkoly Bazzaz J, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Larijani B, Amoli MM. CXCL5 gene polymorphism association with diabetes mellitus. Mol Diagn Ther 2009; 12:391-4. [PMID: 19035625 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCL5, also known as epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), is a chemokine that has a role in the development of cardiovascular and other diseases. We have previously scanned the full length CXCL5 gene and reported the -156G>C (rs352046) polymorphism in the promoter region of this gene. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether there was an association between this polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus or its microvascular complications in an Iranian population. METHODS A total of 230 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from Rafsanjan, in the south-east of Iran; 102 healthy control subjects were recruited from the same area. The region containing the CXCL5 -156G>C polymorphism was genotyped by PCR amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and allele frequency data were analyzed using STATA 8 software. RESULTS We observed that patients with type 2 diabetes had a higher frequency of carrying either the G/C or C/C genotype compared with healthy controls (C/G + C/C vs G/G; p = 0.004; odds ratio [OR] 2.17; 95% CI 1.27, 3.80). In addition, the frequency of allele C was significantly increased in patients with diabetes compared with controls (p = 0.01; OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.07, 2.86). No association was found between this polymorphism and diabetic microvascular complications. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a role of CXCL5 in the pathogenesis of diabetes. The mechanism behind this role needs to be investigated further. Moreover, replications in other populations with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hasani Ranjbar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zineh I, Beitelshees AL, Welder GJ, Hou W, Chegini N, Wu J, Cresci S, Province MA, Spertus JA. Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), acute coronary syndrome prognosis, and modulatory effect of statins. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3117. [PMID: 18769620 PMCID: PMC2518836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation with chemokine involvement contributes to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We tested the hypothesis that variation in the chemokine gene CXCL5, which encodes epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), is associated with ACS prognosis. We also investigated whether statin use, a potent modulator of inflammation, modifies CXCL5's association with outcomes and characterized the in vitro effect of atorvastatin on endothelial ENA-78 production. Using a prospective cohort of ACS patients (n = 704) the association of the CXCL5 −156 G>C polymorphism (rs352046) with 3-year all-cause mortality was estimated with hazard ratios (HR). Models were stratified by genotype and race. To characterize the influence of statins on this association, a statin*genotype interaction was tested. To validate ENA-78 as a statin target in inflammation typical of ACS, endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with IL-1β and atorvastatin with subsequent quantification of CXCL5 expression and ENA-78 protein concentrations. C/C genotype was associated with a 2.7-fold increase in 3-year all-cause mortality compared to G/G+G/C (95%CI 1.19–5.87; p = 0.017). Statins significantly reduced mortality in G/G individuals only (58% relative risk reduction; p = 0.0009). In HUVECs, atorvastatin dose-dependently decreased IL-1β-stimulated ENA-78 concentrations (p<0.0001). Drug effects persisted over 48 hours (p<0.01). CXCL5 genotype is associated with outcomes after ACS with potential statin modification of this effect. Atorvastatin lowered endothelial ENA-78 production during inflammation typical of ACS. These findings implicate CXCL5/ENA-78 in ACS and the statin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Zineh
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
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Yang L, Huang J, Ren X, Gorska AE, Chytil A, Aakre M, Carbone DP, Matrisian LM, Richmond A, Lin PC, Moses HL. Abrogation of TGF beta signaling in mammary carcinomas recruits Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells that promote metastasis. Cancer Cell 2008; 13:23-35. [PMID: 18167337 PMCID: PMC2245859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant TGFbeta signaling is common in human cancers and contributes to tumor metastasis. Here, we demonstrate that Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells are recruited into mammary carcinomas with type II TGF beta receptor gene (Tgfbr2) deletion and directly promote tumor metastasis. Gr-1+CD11b+ cells infiltrate into the invasive front of tumor tissues and facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis through a process involving metalloproteinase activity. This infiltration of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells also results in increased abundance of TGF beta 1 in tumors with Tgfbr2 deletion. The recruitment of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells into tumors with Tgfbr2 deletion involves two chemokine receptor axes, the SDF-1/CXCR4 and CXCL5/CXCR2 axes. Together, these data indicate that Gr-1+CD11b+ cells contribute to TGFbeta-mediated metastasis through enhancing tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Zineh I, Welder GJ, DeBella AE, Arant CB, Wessel TR, Schofield RS. Atorvastatin effect on circulating and leukocyte-produced CD40 ligand concentrations in people with normal cholesterol levels: a pilot study. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 26:1572-7. [PMID: 17064201 DOI: 10.1592/phco.26.11.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate whether atorvastatin decreases serum or leukocyte-produced CD40 ligand (CD40L) levels and whether these effects are dependent on reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in people without overt dyslipidemia. DESIGN Prospective pilot study. SETTING University research center. SUBJECTS Twenty-five normocholesterolemic volunteers (mean age 32 +/- 11 yrs; 15 women, 10 men) without cardiovascular disease. INTERVENTION After a 2-week drug-free run-in period, subjects received atorvastatin 80 mg/day orally for 16 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS All lipoprotein level measurements were performed with the subject in the fasting state. The CD40L concentrations were measured by immunofluorescence detection in serum and leukocyte culture supernates after 24-hour incubation, and treatment effect was analyzed. Baseline mean +/- SD total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were 179 +/- 33, 97 +/- 29, 62 +/- 20, and 102 +/- 69 mg/dl, respectively. Mean changes in each of these levels, respectively, after 16 weeks of atorvastatin were -34%, -59%, +3%, and -23%. The median serum CD40L level was lower at 16 weeks (2.3 ng/ml, interquartile range [IQR] 1.2-5.0 ng/ml) than at baseline (3.0 ng/ml, IQR 2.1-3.7 ng/ml), but the change was not significant (p=0.24). However, atorvastatin significantly lowered CD40L produced from leukocytes by 57% (21 pg/mg of protein [IQR 10-38 pg/mg] vs 49 pg/mg [IQR 21-149 pg/mg], p=0.045). Effects were independent of reduction in cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION Although atorvastatin did not significantly lower serum CD40L levels, significant reduction in leukocyte production was seen independent of degree of LDL reduction. These pilot data suggest a potential benefit in normocholesterolemic individuals that should be further investigated, and that leukocyte CD40L concentrations should be considered in the drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Zineh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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