1
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Yuk JM, Park EJ, Kim IS, Jo EK. Itaconate family-based host-directed therapeutics for infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203756. [PMID: 37261340 PMCID: PMC10228716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconate is a crucial anti-infective and anti-inflammatory immunometabolite that accumulates upon disruption of the Krebs cycle in effector macrophages undergoing inflammatory stress. Esterified derivatives of itaconate (4-octyl itaconate and dimethyl itaconate) and its isomers (mesaconate and citraconate) are promising candidate drugs for inflammation and infection. Several itaconate family members participate in host defense, immune and metabolic modulation, and amelioration of infection, although opposite effects have also been reported. However, the precise mechanisms by which itaconate and its family members exert its effects are not fully understood. In addition, contradictory results in different experimental settings and a lack of clinical data make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the therapeutic potential of itaconate. Here we review how the immune response gene 1-itaconate pathway is activated during infection and its role in host defense and pathogenesis in a context-dependent manner. Certain pathogens can use itaconate to establish infections. Finally, we briefly discuss the major mechanisms by which itaconate family members exert antimicrobial effects. To thoroughly comprehend how itaconate exerts its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, additional research on the actual mechanism of action is necessary. This review examines the current state of itaconate research in infection and identifies the key challenges and opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Yuk
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Sohail A, Iqbal AA, Sahini N, Chen F, Tantawy M, Waqas SF, Winterhoff M, Ebensen T, Schultz K, Geffers R, Schughart K, Preusse M, Shehata M, Bähre H, Pils MC, Guzman CA, Mostafa A, Pleschka S, Falk C, Michelucci A, Pessler F. Itaconate and derivatives reduce interferon responses and inflammation in influenza A virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010219. [PMID: 35025971 PMCID: PMC8846506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many viral infections including influenza. Therefore, there is a need for therapeutic interventions that dampen and redirect inflammatory responses and, ideally, exert antiviral effects. Itaconate is an immunomodulatory metabolite which also reprograms cell metabolism and inflammatory responses when applied exogenously. We evaluated effects of endogenous itaconate and exogenous application of itaconate and its variants dimethyl- and 4-octyl-itaconate (DI, 4OI) on host responses to influenza A virus (IAV). Infection induced expression of ACOD1, the enzyme catalyzing itaconate synthesis, in monocytes and macrophages, which correlated with viral replication and was abrogated by DI and 4OI treatment. In IAV-infected mice, pulmonary inflammation and weight loss were greater in Acod1-/- than in wild-type mice, and DI treatment reduced pulmonary inflammation and mortality. The compounds reversed infection-triggered interferon responses and modulated inflammation in human cells supporting non-productive and productive infection, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and in human lung tissue. All three itaconates reduced ROS levels and STAT1 phosphorylation, whereas AKT phosphorylation was reduced by 4OI and DI but increased by itaconate. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified monocytes as the main target of infection and the exclusive source of ACOD1 mRNA in peripheral blood. DI treatment silenced IFN-responses predominantly in monocytes, but also in lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Ectopic synthesis of itaconate in A549 cells, which do not physiologically express ACOD1, reduced infection-driven inflammation, and DI reduced IAV- and IFNγ-induced CXCL10 expression in murine macrophages independent of the presence of endogenous ACOD1. The compounds differed greatly in their effects on cellular gene homeostasis and released cytokines/chemokines, but all three markedly reduced release of the pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL2 (MCP-1). Viral replication did not increase under treatment despite the dramatically repressed IFN responses. In fact, 4OI strongly inhibited viral transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the compounds reduced viral titers (4OI>Ita>DI) in A549 cells whereas viral transcription was unaffected. Taken together, these results reveal itaconates as immunomodulatory and antiviral interventions for influenza virus infection. Interferon responses are part of the primary host defenses against infections. However, excessive inflammation is often a major factor in severe disease or even death in respiratory infections such as influenza, as it can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis-like multiorgan involvement. We applied itaconate and chemically modified versions of it (which enter cells more efficiently and can be applied at lower doses) to influenza A virus-infected human cells and lung tissue and found that these compounds markedly repress interferon responses and some pro-inflammatory processes without increasing viral replication. In fact, 4-octyl itaconate greatly decreased viral RNA replication in peripheral blood, and itaconate and 4-octyl itaconate reduced production of infectious virus in a human lung cell line. By analyzing gene expression patterns of single mononuclear cells in peripheral blood, we found that the virus infects predominantly monocytes and that these cells are the only source of ACOD1, the enzyme that synthesizes itaconate in humans. In a mouse model of influenza A virus infection, dimethyl-itaconate prevented lung inflammation and improved survival. Thus, our results suggest that novel medications based on itaconate promise to be effective treatments for influenza because they reduce deleterious inflammation and potentially also limit viral spread in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqib Sohail
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Azeem A. Iqbal
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nishika Sahini
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohamed Tantawy
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Syed F.H. Waqas
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Winterhoff
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schultz
- Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Matthias Preusse
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina C. Pils
- Mouse Pathology Platform, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Guzman
- Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Pessler
- Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: , frank.pesslerwincore.de
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3
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Wang H, Fang K, Yan W, Chang X. T-Cell Immune Imbalance in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated with Alterations in NK Cells and NK-Like T Cells Expressing CD38. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:148-166. [PMID: 34428762 DOI: 10.1159/000516642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD38+ NK (CD3- CD16+ CD38+ CD56+) cells were increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which suppressed Treg cell differentiation. This study explored how CD38+ NK cells regulated CD4+ T-cell differentiation into Treg cells in RA. METHODS Proportions of CD38+ NK cells and their counterpart CD38+ NK-like T (CD3+ CD16+ CD38+ CD56+) cells were measured in RA and rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CD38+ NK cells and CD38+ NK-like T cells were cocultured with CD4+ T cells, respectively. RESULTS A significantly increased proportion of CD38+ NK cells and a decreased proportion of CD38+ NK-like T cells were detected in RA and CIA blood and synovial fluids. When CD4+ T cells were cocultured with CD38+ NK cells, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was activated, and Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios were increased. When CD38+ NK cells were pretreated with anti-CD38 antibody, Treg cell proportion was increased, and Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios were decreased. CD38+ NK-like T cells showed the opposite results. CD38+ NK cells and CD38+ NK-like-T cells activated differential gene expressions and pathways in CD4+ T cells and initiated Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation by differential gene nodes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggest that the high CD38+ NK cell proportion and low CD38+ NK-like T cell proportion in RA suppress Treg cell differentiation by stimulating mTOR signaling in CD4+ T cells, which consequentially disturbs the immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Wang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kehua Fang
- Clinical Laboratory of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weining Yan
- Joint Surgery Department of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Engineering Technology Center for Major Disease Marker, Qingdao, China
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4
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Zhang Z, Hou H, Yu S, Zhou C, Zhang X, Li N, Zhang S, Song K, Lu Y, Liu D, Lu H, Xu H. Inflammation-induced mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is essential for retina regeneration. Glia 2019; 68:111-127. [PMID: 31444939 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Upon retina injury, Müller glia in the zebrafish retina respond by generating multipotent progenitors to repair the retina. However, the complete mechanisms underlying retina regeneration remain elusive. Here we report inflammation-induced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the Müller glia is essential for retina regeneration in adult zebrafish. We show after a stab injury, mTOR is rapidly activated in Müller glia and later Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs). Importantly, mTOR is required for Müller glia dedifferentiation, as well as the proliferation of Müller glia and MGPCs. Interestingly, transient mTOR inhibition by rapamycin only reversibly suppresses MGPC proliferation, while its longer suppression by knocking down Raptor significantly inhibits the regeneration of retinal neurons. We further show mTOR promotes retina regeneration by regulating the mRNA expression of key reprogramming factors ascl1a and lin-28a, cell cycle-related genes and critical cytokines. Surprisingly, we identify microglia/macrophage-mediated inflammation as an important upstream regulator of mTOR in the Müller glia and it promotes retina regeneration through mTOR. Our study not only demonstrates the important functions of mTOR but also reveals an interesting link between inflammation and the mTOR signaling during retina regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaida Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Saleiro D, Platanias LC. Interferon signaling in cancer. Non-canonical pathways and control of intracellular immune checkpoints. Semin Immunol 2019; 43:101299. [PMID: 31771762 PMCID: PMC8177745 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with important antineoplastic and immune modulatory effects. These cytokines have been conserved through evolution as important elements of the immune surveillance against cancer. Despite this, defining their precise and specific roles in the generation of antitumor responses remains challenging. Emerging evidence suggests the existence of previously unknown roles for IFNs in the control of the immune response against cancer that may redefine our understanding on how these cytokines function. Beyond the engagement of classical JAK-STAT signaling pathways that promote transcription and expression of gene products, the IFNs engage multiple other signaling cascades to generate products that mediate biological responses and outcomes. There is recent emerging evidence indicating that IFNs control the expression of both traditional immune checkpoints like the PD-L1/PD1 axis, but also less well understood "intracellular" immune checkpoints whose targeting may define new approaches for the treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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6
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Yan BC, Jiang D, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Xu P, Yu X, Won MH, Su PQ. Both decreased Akt expression and mTOR phosphorylation are related to decreased neuronal differentiation in the hippocampal alveus of aged mice. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:737-743. [PMID: 29027613 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is an inevitable process which results in many changes. These changes are closely related to the hippocampus which is in charge of long-term learning and episodic memory. AIM This study was to investigate age-related changes of the cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and Akt/mTOR signaling in the hippocampal alveus of aged mice. METHODS In the present study, we compared the differences of neurogenesis in the hippocampal alveus between adult (postnatal month 6) and aged (postnatal month 24) mice using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS The cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation, and the increased astrocyte activation in the hippocampal alveus of mice were decreased in an age-dependent manner. In addition, during normal aging, the protein level of AKT, mTOR and the phosphorylation of mTOR were all decreased. However, the protein level of AKT was increased. DISCUSSION These results indicate the neurogenesis in the immature neurons in the hippocampal alveus of aged mice was closely related to the normal aging process. In addition, during normal aging, the increased AKT phosphorylation and decreased mTOR phosphorylation in the hippocampus may play a role in aging development. CONCLUSION The result indicates that increased activation of astrocyte, increased phosphorylation of AKT and decreased phosphorylation of mTOR may be involved in the decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the alveus of hippocampus of aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Yangzhou, 225002, People's Republic of China
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Pei Qing Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
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7
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Arias de la Rosa I, Escudero-Contreras A, Rodríguez-Cuenca S, Ruiz-Ponce M, Jiménez-Gómez Y, Ruiz-Limón P, Pérez-Sánchez C, Ábalos-Aguilera MC, Cecchi I, Ortega R, Calvo J, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM, Collantes-Estevez E, Vidal-Puig A, López-Pedrera C, Barbarroja N. Defective glucose and lipid metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis is determined by chronic inflammation in metabolic tissues. J Intern Med 2018. [PMID: 29532531 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at increased risk of insulin resistance (IR); however, the specific mechanisms mediating this association are currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the inflammatory activity associated with RA accounts for the observed defective glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in these patients. METHODS We followed two main strategies: (i) extensive metabolic profiling of a RA cohort of 100 patients and 50 healthy control subjects and (ii) mechanistic studies carried out in both a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with conditioned serum from RA patients. RESULTS Following the exclusion of obese and diabetic subjects, data from RA patients demonstrated a strong link between the degree of systemic inflammation and the development of IR. These results were strengthened by the observation that induction of arthritis in mice resulted in a global inflammatory state characterized by defective carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in different tissues. Adipose tissue was most susceptible to the RA-induced metabolic alterations. These metabolic effects were confirmed in adipocytes treated with serum from RA patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the metabolic disturbances associated with RA depend on the degree of inflammation and identify inflammation of adipose tissue as the initial target leading to IR and the associated molecular disorders of carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis. Thus, we anticipate that therapeutic strategies based on tighter control of inflammation and flares could provide promising approaches to normalize and/or prevent metabolic alterations associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Arias de la Rosa
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Escudero-Contreras
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbroke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Ruiz-Ponce
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Y Jiménez-Gómez
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Limón
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Pérez-Sánchez
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M C Ábalos-Aguilera
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - I Cecchi
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, Turin, Italy
| | - R Ortega
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Calvo
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Guzmán-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Collantes-Estevez
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbroke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ch López-Pedrera
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - N Barbarroja
- Rheumatology Service, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Li HS, Kuok DIT, Cheung MC, Ng MMT, Ng KC, Hui KPY, Peiris JSM, Chan MCW, Nicholls JM. Effect of interferon alpha and cyclosporine treatment separately and in combination on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in a human in-vitro and ex-vivo culture model. Antiviral Res 2018; 155:89-96. [PMID: 29772254 PMCID: PMC7113667 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged as a coronavirus infection of humans in the past 5 years. Though confined to certain geographical regions of the world, infection has been associated with a case fatality rate of 35%, and this mortality may be higher in ventilated patients. As there are few readily available animal models that accurately mimic human disease, it has been a challenge to ethically determine what optimum treatment strategies can be used for this disease. We used in-vitro and human ex-vivo explant cultures to investigate the effect of two immunomodulatory agents, interferon alpha and cyclosporine, singly and in combination, on MERS-CoV replication. In both culture systems the combined treatment was more effective than either agent used alone in reducing MERS-CoV replication. PCR SuperArray analysis showed that the reduction of virus replication was associated with a greater induction of interferon stimulated genes. As these therapeutic agents are already licensed for clinical use, it may be relevant to investigate their use for therapy of human MERS-CoV infection. The effect of interferon-α and/or cyclosporine on MERS-CoV replication was evaluated with a human ex-vivo culture model. All treatments were able to reduce MERS-CoV replication. The combined treatment was more effective than either agent used alone in reducing MERS-CoV replication. The effect of the combined treatment group was associated with a greater induction of interferon stimulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Li
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Denise I T Kuok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - M C Cheung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Mandy M T Ng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K C Ng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kenrie P Y Hui
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Michael C W Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - John M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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9
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Roohi A, Hojjat-Farsangi M. Recent advances in targeting mTOR signaling pathway using small molecule inhibitors. J Drug Target 2016; 25:189-201. [PMID: 27632356 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1236112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted-based cancer therapy (TBCT) or personalized medicine is one of the main treatment modalities for cancer that has been developed to decrease the undesirable effects of chemotherapy. Targeted therapy inhibits the growth of tumor cells by interrupting with particular molecules required for tumorigenesis and proliferation of tumor cells rather than interfering with dividing normal cells. Therefore, targeted therapies are anticipated to be more efficient than former tumor treatment agents with minimal side effects on non-tumor cells. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are currently one of the most investigated anti-tumor agents of TBCT. These small organic agents target several vital molecules involved in cell biological processes and induce target cells apoptosis and necrosis. Mechanistic (mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes (mTORC1/2) control different intracellular processes, including growth, proliferation, angiogenesis and metabolism. Signaling pathways, in which mTOR complexes are involved in are usually dysregulated in various tumors and have been shown to be ideal targets for SMIs. Currently, different mTOR-SMIs are in the clinic for the treatment of cancer patients, and several others are in preclinical or clinical settings. In this review, we summarize recent advances in developing different mTOR inhibitors, which are currently in preclinical and clinical investigations or have been approved for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Roohi
- a Department of Immunology, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- b Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene therapy Lab , Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences , Bushehr , Iran
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10
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Kroczynska B, Rafidi RL, Majchrzak-Kita B, Kosciuczuk EM, Blyth GT, Jemielity J, Warminska Z, Saleiro D, Mehrotra S, Arslan AD, Fish EN, Platanias LC. Interferon γ (IFNγ) Signaling via Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) and Regulatory Effects in the Generation of Type II Interferon Biological Responses. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2389-96. [PMID: 26645692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.664995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide evidence for a unique pathway engaged by the type II IFN receptor, involving mTORC2/AKT-mediated downstream regulation of mTORC1 and effectors. These events are required for formation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex (eIF4F) and initiation of mRNA translation of type II interferon-stimulated genes. Our studies establish that Rictor is essential for the generation of type II IFN-dependent antiviral and antiproliferative responses and that it controls the generation of type II IFN-suppressive effects on normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Together, our findings establish a central role for mTORC2 in IFNγ signaling and type II IFN responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kroczynska
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, the Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Robert L Rafidi
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Beata Majchrzak-Kita
- the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2MI, Canada
| | - Ewa M Kosciuczuk
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Gavin T Blyth
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- the Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland, and
| | - Zofia Warminska
- the Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland, and the College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Saleiro
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Swarna Mehrotra
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ahmet Dirim Arslan
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Eleanor N Fish
- the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2MI, Canada
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- From the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612,
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11
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Mainali NR, Bhatt VR, Kedia S, Krishnamurthy J, Wake LM, Akhtari M. Reversible bone marrow aplasia induced by pegylated interferon-α-2a therapy in a patient with primary myelofibrosis. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2013; 20:386-92. [PMID: 24067929 DOI: 10.1177/1078155213504444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferon has been widely used in the management of patients with hematological malignancies such as polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia and viral infections such as chronic hepatitis C. Hematological adverse effects such as cytopenias have been observed, particularly in patients who receive a combination of interferon-α-2a and ribavirin for hepatitis C. Mild myelosuppression can be seen with pegylated interferon; however, bone marrow aplasia in patients with myelofibrosis has not been reported. It is important to be aware of such a serious complication since persistent bone marrow aplasia can be fatal. We describe a case of pegylated interferon-induced reversible bone marrow aplasia in a patient with primary myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naba R Mainali
- Department of Medicine, Reading Health System, West Reading, PA, USA
| | - Vijaya R Bhatt
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shiksha Kedia
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jairam Krishnamurthy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Laura M Wake
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mojtaba Akhtari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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12
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Francés DEA, Ingaramo PI, Mayoral R, Través P, Casado M, Valverde ÁM, Martín-Sanz P, Carnovale CE. Cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression inhibits liver apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:669-80. [PMID: 23059845 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of COX-2 has been linked to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Constitutive expression of COX-2 protects hepatocytes from several pro-apoptotic stimuli. Increased hepatic apoptosis has been observed in experimental models of diabetes. Our present aim was to analyze the role of COX-2 as a regulator of apoptosis in diabetic mouse liver. Mice of C57BL/6 strain wild type (Wt) and transgenic in COX-2 (hCOX-2 Tg) were separated into Control (vehicle) and SID (streptozotocin induced diabetes, 200 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Seven days post-injection, Wt diabetic animals showed a decrease in PI3K activity and P-Akt levels, an increase of P-JNK, P-p38, pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax, release of cytochrome c and activities of caspases-3 and -9, leading to an increased apoptotic index. This situation was improved in diabetic COX-2 Tg. In addition, SID COX-2 Tg showed increased expression of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and XIAP. Pro-apoptotic state in the liver of diabetic animals was improved by over-expression of COX-2. We also analyzed the roles of high glucose-induced apoptosis and hCOX-2 in vitro. Non-transfected and hCOX-2-transfected cells were cultured at 5 and 25 mM of glucose by 72 h. At 25 mM there was an increase in apoptosis in non-transfected cells versus those exposed to 5 mM. This increase was partly prevented in transfected cells at 25 mM. Moreover, the protective effect observed in hCOX-2-transfected cells was suppressed by addition of DFU (COX-2 selective inhibitor), and mimicked by addition of PGE(2) in non-transfected cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hyperglycemia-induced hepatic apoptosis is protected by hCOX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E A Francés
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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13
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Fletcher L, Evans TM, Watts LT, Jimenez DF, Digicaylioglu M. Rapamycin treatment improves neuron viability in an in vitro model of stroke. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68281. [PMID: 23861877 PMCID: PMC3701663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of serious, long-term adult disability and is associated with sensorimotor and cognitive impairments due to neuronal degeneration. Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is the only FDA-approved medical therapy for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, rTPA can only be given within 3 hours of symptom onset, and only 2% of patients are eligible. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel neuroprotective treatment options for ischemic stroke. An emerging treatment for a diverse range of neurological disorders associated with neurodegeneration is rapamycin, a key modulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The mTOR pathway is the primary regulator of the cellular response to nutrient availability, changes in energy status and stress as seen following ischemia and reperfusion. However, rapamycin’s effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2 are poorly understood in neurons. In the current study we show that rapamycin can prevent the activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 in cortical neurons and improve cell survival following oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro model of ischemic stroke. This work further supports the investigation of rapamycin as a novel neuroprotectant for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fletcher
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Teresa M. Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lora Talley Watts
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - David F. Jimenez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Murat Digicaylioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Zhu JJ, Arzt J, Puckette MC, Smoliga GR, Pacheco JM, Rodriguez LL. Mechanisms of foot-and-mouth disease virus tropism inferred from differential tissue gene expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64119. [PMID: 23724025 PMCID: PMC3665847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) targets specific tissues for primary infection, secondary high-titer replication (e.g. foot and mouth where it causes typical vesicular lesions) and long-term persistence at some primary replication sites. Although integrin αVβ6 receptor has been identified as primary FMDV receptors in animals, their tissue distribution alone fails to explain these highly selective tropism-driven events. Thus, other molecular mechanisms must play roles in determining this tissue specificity. We hypothesized that differences in certain biological activities due to differential gene expression determine FMDV tropism and applied whole genome gene expression profiling to identify genes differentially expressed between FMDV-targeted and non-targeted tissues in terms of supporting primary infection, secondary replication including vesicular lesions, and persistence. Using statistical and bioinformatic tools to analyze the differential gene expression, we identified mechanisms that could explain FMDV tissue tropism based on its association with differential expression of integrin αVβ6 heterodimeric receptor (FMDV receptor), fibronectin (ligand of the receptor), IL-1 cytokines, death receptors and the ligands, and multiple genes in the biological pathways involved in extracellular matrix turnover and interferon signaling found in this study. Our results together with reported findings indicate that differences in (1) FMDV receptor availability and accessibility, (2) type I interferon-inducible immune response, and (3) ability to clear virus infected cells via death receptor signaling play roles in determining FMDV tissue tropism and the additional increase of high extracellular matrix turnover induced by FMDV infection, likely via triggering the signaling of highly expressed IL-1 cytokines, play a key role in the pathogenesis of vesicular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Zhu
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Puckette
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - George R. Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Pacheco
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Research Center, Orient Point, New York, United States of America
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15
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Cardillo TM, Trisal P, Arrojo R, Goldenberg DM, Chang CH. Targeting both IGF-1R and mTOR synergistically inhibits growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:170. [PMID: 23548153 PMCID: PMC3623828 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis, because it is relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Treatments with human interferon-α2b alone or in combination with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have led to only a modest improvement in clinical outcome. One observation made with mTOR inhibitors is that carcinomas can overcome these inhibitory effects by activating the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling pathway. Clinically, there is an association of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression in RCC and poor long-term patient survival. We have developed a humanized anti-IGF-IR monoclonal antibody, hR1, which binds to RCC, resulting in effective down-regulation of IGF-IR and moderate inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. In this work, we evaluate the anti-tumor activity of two novel IGF-1R-targeting agents against renal cell carcinoma given alone or in combination with an mTOR inhibitor. METHODS hR1 was linked by the DOCK-AND-LOCK™ (DNL™) method to four Fabs of hR1, generating Hex-hR1, or to four molecules of interferon-α2b, generating 1R-2b. Eight human RCC cell lines were screened for IGF-1R expression and sensitivity to treatment with hR1 in vitro. Synergy with an mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus, was tested in a cell line (ACHN) with low sensitivity to hR1. RESULTS Hex-hR1 induced the down-regulation of IGF-IR at 10-fold lower concentrations compared to the parental hR1. Sensitivity to growth inhibition mediated by hR1 and Hex-hR1 treatments correlated with IGF-1R expression (higher expression was more sensitive). The potency of 1R-2b to inhibit the in vitro growth of RCC was also demonstrated in two human cell lines, ACHN and 786-O, with EC50-values of 63 and 48 pM, respectively. When combined with temsirolimus, a synergistic growth-inhibition with hR1, Hex-hR1, and 1R-2b was observed in ACHN cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM for hR1, 1 nM for Hex-hR1, and 2.6 nM for 1R-2b. CONCLUSIONS Both Hex-hR1 and 1R-2b proved to be more potent than parental hR1 in inhibiting growth of RCC in vitro. Synergy was achieved when each of the three hR1-based agents was combined with temsirolimus, suggesting a new approach for treating RCC.
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16
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Jewer M, Findlay SD, Postovit LM. Post-transcriptional regulation in cancer progression : Microenvironmental control of alternative splicing and translation. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6:233-48. [PMID: 23054595 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment acts as a conduit for cellular communication, delivering signals that direct development and sustain tissue homeostasis. In pathologies such as cancer, this integral function of the microenvironment is hijacked to support tumor growth and progression. Cells sense the microenvironment via signal transduction pathways culminating in altered gene expression. In addition to induced transcriptional changes, the microenvironment exerts its effect on the cell through regulation of post-transcriptional processes including alternative splicing and translational control. Here we describe how alternative splicing and protein translation are controlled by microenvironmental parameters such as oxygen availability. We also emphasize how these pathways can be utilized to support processes that are hallmarks of cancer such as angiogenesis, proliferation, and cell migration. We stress that cancer cells respond to their microenvironment through an integrated regulation of gene expression at multiple levels that collectively contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jewer
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 438 Medical Science Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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17
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Role of mTOR in neuroprotection and axon regeneration after inflammatory stimulation. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:314-24. [PMID: 22273489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) do not normally regenerate injured axons, but degenerate after axotomy. However, inflammatory stimulation (IS) enables RGCs to survive axotomy and regenerate axons in the injured optic nerve. Similar effects are achieved by the genetic deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and subsequent mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Here, we report that IS prevents the axotomy-induced decrease of mTOR activity in RGCs in a CNTF/LIF-dependent manner. Inactivation of mTOR significantly reduced the number of long axons regenerating in the optic nerve, but surprisingly, did not affect the initial switch of RGCs into the regenerative state, or the neuroprotective effects associated with IS. In vitro, inhibition of mTOR activity reduced regeneration on myelin or chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), but not on a growth-permissive substrate. Thus, mTOR activity is not generally required for neuroprotection or switching mature neurons into an active regenerative state, but it is important for the maintenance of the axonal growth state and overcoming of inhibitory effects caused by myelin and CSPGs.
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18
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Altman JK, Sassano A, Platanias LC. Targeting mTOR for the treatment of AML. New agents and new directions. Oncotarget 2011; 2:510-7. [PMID: 21680954 PMCID: PMC3248202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the field, the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging and difficult. Although chemotherapeutic agents induce remissions in a large number of patients, many of them eventually relapse and die. A major goal for the development of new approaches for the treatment of AML is to enhance the antileukemic effects of standard chemotherapeutics and to design effective combinations targeting non-overlapping cellular pathways. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway plays a critical role in survival and growth of malignant cells and its targeting has been the focus of extensive work and research efforts over the last two decades. It now appears possible that a major limitation of the first generation of mTOR inhibitors can be overcome by a new class of catalytic inhibitors of mTOR. There is emerging evidence that such compounds target both TORC1 and TORC2 and elicit much more potent responses against early leukemic precursors in vitro. In addition, recent studies have shown that combinations of such agents with cytarabine result in enhanced antileukemic responses in vitro, raising the prospect and potential of use of these agents in combination regimens for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Altman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
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Li X, Garcia K, Sun Z, Xiao Z. Temporal regulation of rapamycin on memory CTL programming by IL-12. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25177. [PMID: 21966447 PMCID: PMC3179471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of cell growth. Recent reports have defined its important role in memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) differentiation in infections and memory programming. We report that rapamycin regulated memory CTL programming by IL-12 to a similar level in a wide range of concentrations, and the enhanced memory CTLs by rapamycin were functional and provided similar protection against Listeria Monocytogenes challenge compared to the control. In addition, rapamycin-experienced CTLs went through substantially enhanced proliferation after transfer into recipients. Furthermore, the regulatory function of rapamycin on CD62L expression in memory CTLs was mainly contributed by the presence of rapamycin in the first 24-hr of stimulation in vitro, whereas the effective window of rapamycin on the size of memory CTLs was determined between 24 to 72 hrs. In conclusion, rapamycin regulates IL-12-driven programming of CTLs to a similar level in a wide range of concentrations, and regulates the phenotype and the size of memory CTLs in different temporal windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karla Garcia
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhifeng Sun
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhengguo Xiao
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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GRIM-1, a novel growth suppressor, inhibits rRNA maturation by suppressing small nucleolar RNAs. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24082. [PMID: 21931644 PMCID: PMC3169572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently isolated novel IFN-inducible gene, Gene associated with Retinoid-Interferon-induced Mortality-1 (GRIM-1), using a genetic technique. Moderate ectopic expression of GRIM-1 caused growth inhibition and sensitized cells to retinoic acid (RA)/IFN-induced cell death while high expression caused apoptosis. GRIM-1 depletion, using RNAi, conferred a growth advantage. Three protein isoforms (1α, 1β and 1γ) with identical C-termini are produced from GRIM-1 mRNA. We show that GRIM-1 isoforms interact with NAF1 and DKC1, two essential proteins required for box H/ACA sno/sca RNP biogenesis and suppresses box H/ACA RNA levels in mammalian cells by delocalizing NAF1. Suppression of these small RNAs manifests as inefficient rRNA maturation and growth suppression. Interestingly, yeast Shq1p also caused growth suppression in mammalian cells. Consistent with its growth-suppressive property, GRIM-1 expression is lost in a number of human primary prostate tumors. Our observations support a recent study that GRIM-1 might act as a co-tumor suppressor in the prostate.
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Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha in AKT/PKB-mediated inhibition of hepatitis B virus biosynthesis. J Virol 2011; 85:11891-900. [PMID: 21880746 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00832-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription and replication are essentially restricted to hepatocytes because liver-enriched transcription factors govern viral RNA synthesis. The level of transcription from the HBV promoters depends on both the transcription factors binding to these regulatory sequence elements and their ability to recruit coactivators capable of mediating assembly of the transcription preinitiation complex containing RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptors are a primary determinant of HBV pregenomic RNA synthesis and, hence, viral replication. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) enhances the activity of nuclear receptors and, consequently, HBV biosynthesis. PGC1α is also an important target of signal transduction pathways involved in hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis, suggesting that this coactivator may have an important role in modulating HBV biosynthesis under various physiological conditions. Consistent with this suggestion, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog/protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) is shown to modulate PGC1α activity and, hence, HBV transcription and replication in a cell line-specific manner. In addition, AKT can modulate HBV replication in some but not all cell lines at a posttranscriptional step in the viral life cycle. These observations demonstrate that growth and nutritional signals have the capacity to influence viral production, but the magnitude of these effects will depend on the precise cellular context in which they occur.
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Redig AJ, Vakana E, Platanias LC. Regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways by BCR-ABL. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52 Suppl 1:45-53. [PMID: 21299459 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.546919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence has established that BCR-ABL regulates engagement and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. mTOR-mediated signals, as well as signals transduced by ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK, are important components of the aberrant signaling induced by BCR-ABL. Such deregulation of mTOR or MAPK pathways contributes to BCR-ABL leukemogenesis, and their targeting with selective inhibitors provides an approach to enhance antileukemic responses and/or overcome leukemic cell resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This review explores recent advances in our understanding of mTOR and MAPK signaling in BCR-ABL-expressing leukemias and discusses the potential therapeutic targeting of these pathways in CML and Ph+ ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Redig
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hunsucker SA, Magarotto V, Kuhn DJ, Kornblau SM, Wang M, Weber DM, Thomas SK, Shah JJ, Voorhees PM, Xie H, Cornfeld M, Nemeth JA, Orlowski RZ. Blockade of interleukin-6 signalling with siltuximab enhances melphalan cytotoxicity in preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2011; 152:579-92. [PMID: 21241278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Signalling through the interleukin (IL)-6 pathway induces proliferation and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells. We therefore sought to determine whether the IL-6-neutralizing monoclonal antibody siltuximab, formerly CNTO 328, could enhance the activity of melphalan, and to examine some of the mechanisms underlying this interaction. Siltuximab increased the cytotoxicity of melphalan in KAS-6/1, INA-6, ANBL-6, and RPMI 8226 human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) in an additive-to-synergistic manner, and sensitized resistant RPMI 8226.LR5 cells to melphalan. These anti-proliferative effects were accompanied by enhanced activation of drug-specific apoptosis in HMCLs grown in suspension, and in HMCLs co-cultured with a human-derived stromal cell line. Siltuximab with melphalan enhanced activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and the downstream effector caspase-3 compared with either of the single agents. This increased induction of cell death occurred in association with enhanced Bak activation. Neutralization of IL-6 also suppressed signalling through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of Akt, p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1. Importantly, the siltuximab/melphalan regimen demonstrated enhanced anti-proliferative effects against primary plasma cells derived from patients with myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and amyloidosis. These studies provide a rationale for translation of siltuximab into the clinic in combination with melphalan-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Hunsucker
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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Xie S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang C. Antitumor conjugates with polyamine vectors and their molecular mechanisms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1049-61. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.504205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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