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Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Baquero L, Pérez-Munar PM, Oliva-Bolarín A, Sánchez-Martínez MA, Ramos-Molina B, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Moreno DA. In Vitro Study of the Differential Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Dietary Phytochemicals upon Human Macrophage-like Cells as a Previous Step for Dietary Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10728. [PMID: 39409057 PMCID: PMC11477078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases pose a substantial health challenge globally, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. Addressing this issue requires the use of effective anti-inflammatory strategies with fewer side effects than those provoked by currently used drugs. In this study, a range of phytochemicals (phenolic di-caffeoylquinic acid (Di-CQA), flavonoid cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (Cy3,5DiG), aromatic isothiocyanate sinalbin (SNB) and aliphatic isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN)) sourced from vegetables and fruits underwent assessment for their potential anti-inflammatory activity. An in vitro model of human macrophage-like cells treated with a low dose of LPS to obtain a low degree of inflammation that emulates a chronic inflammation scenario revealed promising results. Cell viability and production of the key pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed in the presence of various phytochemicals. The compounds Di-CQA and Cy-3,5-DiG, within low physiologically relevant doses, demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory effects by significantly reducing the production of key pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 without affecting cell viability. These findings underscore the potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds as valuable contributors to the prevention or treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. These results suggest that these compounds, whether used individually or as part of natural mixtures, hold promise for their inclusion in nutritional interventions designed to mitigate inflammation in associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.B.); (P.M.P.-M.); (M.A.S.-M.)
| | - Lorena Baquero
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.B.); (P.M.P.-M.); (M.A.S.-M.)
| | - Paula Martínez Pérez-Munar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.B.); (P.M.P.-M.); (M.A.S.-M.)
| | - Alba Oliva-Bolarín
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - María A. Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.B.); (P.M.P.-M.); (M.A.S.-M.)
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - María A. Núñez-Sánchez
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (B.R.-M.)
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Grupo Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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You C, Xing J, Sun J, Zhang D, Yan Y, Dong Y. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Impacts of Lentinan Combined with Probiotics in Ulcerative Colitis. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:2778-2791. [PMID: 37819465 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Multi-methods have been developed to control ulcerative colitis. This research targeted to probe that lentinan combined with probiotics suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress responses in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. A mouse model of colitis was induced through oral administration with 2.5% DSS and treated with lentinan and probiotics independently or in combination. Then, bodyweight and Disease Activity Index (DAI) of mice were determined. Histopathology of colon tissue was analyzed, and apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon tissue of mice were observed. An HT-29 cell model of colitis was established by DSS stimulation and cultured with lentinan and/or probiotics to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis. The data discovered that after DSS induction of colitis, mice developed weight loss, increased DAI score, and shortened the length of colon. Also, severe histopathology of the colon, and increased apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were recognizable. Lentinan could alleviate DSS-induced colitis, and the highest dose was the most significant. Probiotics could also relieve UC in mice, and mixed probiotics had a better therapeutic effect than single probiotics. Lentinan combined with probiotics could further alleviate DSS-induced colitis damage. In addition, lentinan combined with probiotics impaired apoptosis and enhanced proliferation of DSS-treated HT-29 cells. In a word, lentinan combined with probiotics reduces the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- CuiYu You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - JianFeng Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - JinYao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - YaLin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Harvei S, Skogen V, Egelandsdal B, Birkeland S, Paulsen JE, Carlsen H. Chronic oral LPS administration does not increase inflammation or induce metabolic dysregulation in mice fed a western-style diet. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1376493. [PMID: 39077160 PMCID: PMC11284168 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1376493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in the intestine are suggested to enter the bloodstream after consumption of high-fat diets and cause systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation through a process named "metabolic endotoxemia." This study aimed to determine the role of orally administered LPS to mice in the early stage of chronic low-grade inflammation induced by diet. Methods We supplemented the drinking water with E. coli derived LPS to mice fed either high-fat Western-style diet (WSD) or standard chow (SC) for 7 weeks (n = 16-17). Body weight was recorded weekly. Systemic inflammatory status was assessed by in vivo imaging of NF-κB activity at different time points, and glucose dysregulation was assessed by insulin sensitivity test and glucose tolerance test near the end of the study. Systemic LPS exposure was estimated indirectly via quantification of LPS-binding protein (LBP) and antibodies against LPS in plasma, and directly using an LPS-sensitive cell reporter assay. Results and discussion Our results demonstrate that weight development and glucose regulation are not affected by LPS. We observed a transient LPS dependent upregulation of NF-κB activity in the liver region in both diet groups, a response that disappeared within the first week of LPS administration and remained low during the rest of the study. However, WSD fed mice had overall a higher NF-κB activity compared to SC fed mice at all time points independent of LPS administration. Our findings indicate that orally administered LPS has limited to no impact on systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in mice fed a high-fat western diet and we question the capability of intestinally derived LPS to initiate systemic inflammation through a healthy and uncompromised intestine, even when exposed to a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Harvei
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Vemund Skogen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Bjørg Egelandsdal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Signe Birkeland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Paulsen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
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Jiang F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Song T. Associations Between ABO Blood Groups and Diseases in the Digestive System and Vein. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1185-1191. [PMID: 38562208 PMCID: PMC10982066 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s451087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The ABO blood type system is crucial for human blood transfusions. However, the relationships between ABO blood groups and diseases in the digestive system and vein have not been elucidated. We investigated the relationships between ABO blood groups and diseases in the digestive system and vein in this study. Patients and Methods A retrospective study on a Chinese population, including 1432 Crohn's disease (CD), 416 ulcerative colitis (UC), 1140 stomach cancer (SC), 841 colorectal cancer (CRC), 384 pancreatic cancer (PC), 520 liver cancer (LC), and 563 venous thrombosis (VT) patients, was performed. Furthermore, 896 healthy subjects were enrolled as normal controls (NC) in this study. The demographic characteristics of patients and NC were compared using the unpaired t-test and χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between ABO blood groups and CD and VT. Results ABO blood groups distributions in UC, SC, CRC, PC, and LC patients did not differ from that of NC, but CD and VT patients had significant difference of ABO blood group distribution from that of NC (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). Patients with CD and VT had considerably lower rates of type O blood (p = 0.011 and p = 0.001, respectively) and significantly higher rates of type AB blood (p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively) than those with NC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the association of CD and VT with non-O blood types was still significant with a higher risk than with blood group O after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 1.355, 95% CI = 1.100-1.670, p = 0.004 and OR = 1.465, 95% CI = 1.131-1.903, p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion ABO blood groups distributions in CD and VT patients significantly differed from that of NC. Non-O blood group could be a new predictor for CD and VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Song
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Lopetuso LR, Laterza L, Petito V, Pecere S, Quaranta G, Del Chierico F, Puca P, Schiavoni E, Napolitano D, Poscia A, Ianiro G, Pugliese D, Putignani L, Sanguinetti M, Armuzzi A, Masucci L, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Scaldaferri F. Serial Fecal Microbiota Infusions via Colonoscopy for Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Feasibility, Safety, and Translational Monocentric Italian Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2536. [PMID: 37894194 PMCID: PMC10609093 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of serial fecal infusions via colonoscopy in patients with active UC. Subjects with mild-to-moderate UC received three consecutive fecal infusions via colonoscopy. A control population with the same baseline features receiving Infliximab treatment was enrolled. Adverse events and clinical, endoscopic, and microbial outcomes were investigated. Nineteen patients with mildly-to-moderately active UC were enrolled. Clinical response was obtained in six patients at week 2, in eight at week 6, and in nine at week 12. Clinical response was maintained in eight patients at week 24. Endoscopic remission at week 12 was reached in six patients. In the control population, 13/19 patients achieved clinical response at week 6, and 10/19 patients maintained clinical response after 6 months. Microbiota richness was higher in responders compared with the non-responders. Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Veillonella were higher in non-responders, while Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Akkermansia were higher in responders at all timepoints. Serial FMT infusions appear to be feasible, safe, and effective in UC patients, with a potential role in inducing and maintaining clinical response. Specific bacteria predict the response to FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Laterza
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Valentina Petito
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Silvia Pecere
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Gianluca Quaranta
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.Q.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Puca
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Elisa Schiavoni
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniele Napolitano
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Poscia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- UOC ISP Prevention and Surveillance of Infectious and Chronic Diseases, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority (ASUR-AV2), 60035 Jesi, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.C.)
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiomics and Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.Q.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca Masucci
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.Q.); (M.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.C.)
- UOC di Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (L.L.); (V.P.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (D.N.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.C.)
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Lopetuso LR, Deleu S, Godny L, Petito V, Puca P, Facciotti F, Sokol H, Ianiro G, Masucci L, Abreu M, Dotan I, Costello SP, Hart A, Iqbal TH, Paramsothy S, Sanguinetti M, Danese S, Tilg H, Cominelli F, Pizarro TT, Armuzzi A, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Vermeire S, Scaldaferri F. The first international Rome consensus conference on gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2023; 72:1642-1650. [PMID: 37339849 PMCID: PMC10423477 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several randomised clinical trials (RCTs) performing faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly for ulcerative colitis, have recently been published, but with major variations in study design. These include differences in administered dose, route and frequency of delivery, type of placebo and evaluated endpoints. Although the overall outcomes appear to be promising, they are highly dependent on both donor and recipient factors. OBJECTIVE To develop concensus-based statements and recommendations for the evaluation, management and potential treatment of IBD using FMT in order to move towards standardised practices. DESIGN An international panel of experts convened several times to generate evidence-based guidelines by performing a deep evaluation of currently available and/or published data. Twenty-five experts in IBD, immunology and microbiology collaborated in different working groups to provide statements on the following key issues related to FMT in IBD: (A) pathogenesis and rationale, (B) donor selection and biobanking, (C) FMT practices and (D) consideration of future studies and perspectives. Statements were evaluated and voted on by all members using an electronic Delphi process, culminating in a plenary consensus conference and generation of proposed guidelines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our group has provided specific statements and recommendations, based on best available evidence, with the end goal of providing guidance and general criteria required to promote FMT as a recognised strategy for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- IBD Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Deleu
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lihi Godny
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Valentina Petito
- IBD Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Puca
- IBD Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Harry Sokol
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Masucci
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Abreu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Crohn's and Colitis Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Samuel Paul Costello
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ailsa Hart
- IBD Unit, Saint Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- Microbiome Treatment Center, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sudarshan Paramsothy
- Gastroenterology and Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- IBD Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- IBD Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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7
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Scalavino V, Piccinno E, Valentini AM, Schena N, Armentano R, Giannelli G, Serino G. miR-369-3p Modulates Intestinal Inflammatory Response via BRCC3/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis. Cells 2023; 12:2184. [PMID: 37681916 PMCID: PMC10486421 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes expressed by immune cells in response to distinct stimuli that trigger inflammatory responses and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests a different role of inflammasome NLRP3 in IBD. NLRP3 inflammasome activation can be controlled by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination through BRCC3. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-369-3p on the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes via BRCC3 regulation. After bioinformatics prediction of Brcc3 as a gene target of miR-369-3p, in vitro, we validated its modulation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). The increase in miR-369-3p significantly reduced BRCC3 gene and protein expression. This modulation, in turn, reduced the expression of NLRP3 and blocked the recruitment of ASC adaptor protein by NLRP3. As a result, miR-369-3p reduced the activity of Caspase-1 by the inflammasome, decreasing the cleavage of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. These results support a novel mechanism that seems to act on post-translational modification of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by BRCC3. This may be an interesting new target in the personalized treatment of inflammatory disorders, including IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology S. De Bellis, IRCCS Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (V.S.); (E.P.); (A.M.V.); (N.S.); (R.A.); (G.G.)
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8
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Zhu X, Lu J, Rao J, Ru D, Gao M, Shi D, Cao K, Wen S, Dai C, Wang X, Mi W, Liu L, Zhou H. Crosstalk between Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Signaling Promotes Renal Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1029-1045. [PMID: 37236504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family, acts as an alarmin in immune response. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)–induced fibroblast activation are key events in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. The current study found increased expression of IL-33 and interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1, alias ST2), the receptor for IL-33, in human fibrotic renal tissues. In addition, IL-33– or ST2-deficient mice showed significantly reduced levels of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin, and increased E-cadherin levels. In HK-2 cells, IL-33 promotes the phosphorylation of the TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR), Smad2, and Smad3, and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM), with reduced expression of E-cadherin. Blocking TGF-βR signaling or suppressing ST2 expression impeded Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation, thereby reducing ECM production, suggesting that IL-33–induced ECM synthesis requires cooperation between the two pathways. Mechanistically, IL-33 treatment induced a proximate interaction between ST2 and TGF-βRs, activating downstream Smad2 and Smad3 for ECM production in renal epithelial cells. Collectively, this study identified a novel and essential role for IL-33 in promoting TGF-β signaling and ECM production in the development of renal fibrosis. Therefore, targeting IL-33/ST2 signaling may be an effective therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongqing Ru
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kelei Cao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenli Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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9
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Liang L, Saunders C, Sanossian N. Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1671-1704. [PMID: 37051344 PMCID: PMC10084985 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as "leaky gut" or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non-GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Liang
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of NeurologyMedical School of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Lin ZX, Zhang M, Yang R, Min Y, Guo PT, Zhang J, Wang CK, Jin L, Gao YY. The anti-inflammatory effect of lutein in broilers is mediated by regulating TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102622. [PMID: 37019074 PMCID: PMC10122034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory role of lutein has been widely recognized, however, the underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. Hence, the effects of lutein on the intestinal health and growth performance of broilers and the action of mechanism were investigated. 288 male yellow-feathered broilers (1-day old) were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups with 8 replicates of 12 birds each, and the control group was fed a broken rice-soybean basal diet, while the test groups were fed a basal diet added with 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of lutein (LU20, LU40), respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 21 d. The results showed that 40 mg/kg lutein supplementation tended to increase ADFI (P = 0.10) and ADG (P = 0.08) of broilers. Moreover, the addition of lutein caused a decreasing trend of gene expression and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P = 0.08, P = 0.10, respectively) and IL-6 (P = 0.06, P = 0.06, respectively) and also tended to decrease the gene expression of TLR4 (P = 0.09) and MyD88 (P = 0.07) while increasing gene expression and concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.05) in the jejunum mucosa of broilers. Additionally, lutein supplementation increased the jejunal villi height of broilers (P < 0.05) and reduced villi damage. The experiment in vitro showed that lutein treatment reduced the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ in chicken intestinal epithelial cells (P < 0.05). However, this effect was diminished after knock-down of TLR4 or MyD88 genes using RNAi technology. In conclusion, lutein can inhibit the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the jejunum mucosa and promote intestinal development of broilers, and the anti-inflammatory effect may be achieved by regulating TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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11
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Losurdo G, Gravina AG, Maroni L, Gabrieletto EM, Ianiro G, Ferrarese A. Future challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology, between innovations and unmet needs: A SIGE Young Editorial Board's perspective. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:583-597. [PMID: 34509394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Hepatology have faced significant improvements in terms of diagnosis and therapy in the last decades. However, many fields still remain poorly explored, and many questions unanswered. Moreover, basic-science, as well as translational and clinical discoveries, together with technology advancement will determine further steps toward a better, refined care for many gastroenterological disorders in the future. Therefore, the Young Investigators of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) joined together, offering a perspective on major future innovations in some hot clinical topics in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy, and Hepatology, as well as the current pitfalls and the grey zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Losurdo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari; PhD Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari.
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Maroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarese
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Ospedale Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy
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12
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Hu Y, Ye Z, She Y, Li L, Wu M, Qin K, Li Y, He H, Hu Z, Yang M, Lu F, Ye Q. Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics Combined With Traditional Chinese Medicine for Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:844961. [PMID: 35321324 PMCID: PMC8936956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.844961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The combination of probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a prospective therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC), and its efficacy and safety need to be urgently evaluated. Objective: This study aims to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics combined with TCM for the treatment of UC. Methods: The Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, China Academic Journals (CNKI), Wan-fang database, Chinese biomedical literature service system (CBM), and Chinese Science and Technology Journals (CQVIP) were searched. Subgroup analysis were designed in accordance with different control drugs, treatment courses, and types of probiotics. The Review Manager software (version 5.4.1) was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: 14 original studies containing 1,154 patients were analyzed and showed that probiotics with TCM was more effective than 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), probiotics or TCM used individually. Moreover, probiotics combined with TCM could inhibit the intestinal inflammation, reduce the recurrence rate and the incidence of adverse events. The subgroup analysis showed that a mixture of different probiotics was more effective than a single strain. Conclusion: It is suggested that probiotics combined with TCM could effectively control clinical symptoms, inhibit intestinal inflammatory response, and finally slow down the disease progress and reduce the disease recurrence with less adverse events. The mixture of different probiotics used in conjunction with individually tailored TCM is a potential clinical strategy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqi She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzheng Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqing He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fating Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaobo Ye,
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13
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Giese AA, Babendreyer A, Krappen P, Gross A, Strnad P, Düsterhöft S, Ludwig A. Inflammatory activation of surface molecule shedding by upregulation of the pseudoprotease iRhom2 in colon epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24230. [PMID: 34930929 PMCID: PMC8688420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The metalloproteinase ADAM17 contributes to inflammatory and proliferative responses by shedding of cell-surface molecules. By this ADAM17 is implicated in inflammation, regeneration, and permeability regulation of epithelial cells in the colon. ADAM17 maturation and surface expression requires the adapter proteins iRhom1 or iRhom2. Here we report that expression of iRhom2 but not iRhom1 is upregulated in intestinal tissue of mice with acute colitis. Our analysis of public databases indicates elevated iRhom2 expression in mucosal tissue and epithelial cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Consistently, expression of iRhom2 but not iRhom1 is upregulated in colon or intestinal epithelial cell lines after co-stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). This upregulation can be reduced by inhibition of Janus kinases or transcription factors NF-kappaB or AP-1. Upregulation of iRhom2 can be mimicked by iRhom2 overexpression and is associated with enhanced maturation and surface expression of ADAM17 which then results in increased cleavage of transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A. Finally, the induction of these responses is suppressed by inhibition of iRhom2 transcription. Thus, inflammatory induction of iRhom2 may contribute to upregulated ADAM17-dependent mediator and adhesion molecule release in IBD. The development of iRhom2-dependent inhibitors may allow selective targeting of inflammatory ADAM17 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Adelina Giese
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Krappen
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Gross
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Ungerer A, Staufer T, Schmutzler O, Körnig C, Rothkamm K, Grüner F. X-ray-Fluorescence Imaging for In Vivo Detection of Gold-Nanoparticle-Labeled Immune Cells: A GEANT4 Based Feasibility Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5759. [PMID: 34830917 PMCID: PMC8616134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing field of cellular therapies in regenerative medicine and oncology calls for more refined diagnostic tools that are able to investigate and monitor the function and success of said therapies. X-ray Fluorescence Imaging (XFI) can be applied for molecular imaging with nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which can be used in immune cell tracking. We present a Monte Carlo simulation study on the sensitivity of detection and associated radiation dose estimations in an idealized setup of XFI in human-sized objects. Our findings demonstrate the practicability of XFI in human-sized objects, as immune cell tracking with a minimum detection limit of 4.4 × 105 cells or 0.86 μg gold in a cubic volume of 1.78 mm3 can be achieved. Therefore, our results show that the current technological developments form a good basis for high sensitivity XFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ungerer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.U.); (K.R.)
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Theresa Staufer
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Oliver Schmutzler
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Christian Körnig
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.U.); (K.R.)
| | - Florian Grüner
- Universität Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Institute for Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany; (T.S.); (O.S.); (C.K.)
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15
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Tumor Necrosis Factor's Pathway in Crohn's Disease: Potential for Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910273. [PMID: 34638616 PMCID: PMC8508644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic disorder characterized by full thickness patchy inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves defective innate immune responses, microbiome alterations, and dysregulated activation of the acquired component of mucosal immunity. One of the molecular mediators that is involved at different levels in the initiation and progression of intestinal inflammation characteristic of CD is tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review focused on the potential role of TNF in the different phases of CD pathogenesis, particularly in light of its potential clinical implications. Currently available drugs blocking TNF are evaluated and discussed, specifically for open issues that still remain utilizing such therapy. TNF exerts a paramount role in the established phase of intestinal inflammation that characterizes CD patients, and anti-TNF biologics have definitely changed patient management, offering effective and safe options of treatment. Nonetheless, many patients still do not respond to anti-TNF therapy or experience unwanted side-effects. This could partially be due to the role that TNF plays in intestinal homeostasis that is particularly important during the early phase of the inflammatory process. In fact, emerging evidence supporting the dichotomous role of TNF and the identification of molecular markers will guide a more tailored and refined therapy for CD patients in the near future.
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16
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Agraib LM, Yamani MI, Rayyan YM, Abu-Sneineh AT, Tamimi TA, Tayyem RF. The probiotic supplementation role in improving the immune system among people with ulcerative colitis: a narrative review. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:7-19. [PMID: 35385892 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current evidence on probiotics' uses as an adjuvant for ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide an understanding of the effect of probiotics supplement on the immune system and inflammatory responses among UC patients and subsequent therapeutic benefits. CONTENT A narrative review of all the relevant published papers known to the author was conducted. SUMMARY UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. About 70% of the human immune system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) originates in the intestine. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help in stabilizing the gut microbiota (nonimmunologic gut defense), restores normal flora, and enhance the humoral immune system. Probiotics especially Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii, and lactic acid-producing bacteria have been used as an adjunct therapy for treating UC to ameliorate disease-related symptoms and reduce relapse rate. Probiotics, in general, modulate the immune system through their ability to enhance the mucosal barrier function, or through their interaction with the local immune system to enhance regulatory T cell responses, decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and increase anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10. OUTLOOK More studies are needed to explore the properties of the various probiotic bacterial strains, their different uses, as well as the dosage of probiotics and duration for treating different disorders. Further clinical investigations on mechanisms of action and how probiotics modulate the immune system may lead to further advances in managing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Agraib
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed I Yamani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yaser Mohammed Rayyan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awni Taleb Abu-Sneineh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tarek A Tamimi
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reema Fayez Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Agraib LM, Yamani MI, Rayyan YM, Abu-Sneineh AT, Tamimi TA, Tayyem RF. The probiotic supplementation role in improving the immune system among people with ulcerative colitis: a narrative review. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2021-0150. [PMID: 34428363 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current evidence on probiotics' uses as an adjuvant for ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide an understanding of the effect of probiotics supplement on the immune system and inflammatory responses among UC patients and subsequent therapeutic benefits. CONTENT A narrative review of all the relevant published papers known to the author was conducted. SUMMARY UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. About 70% of the human immune system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) originates in the intestine. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help in stabilizing the gut microbiota (nonimmunologic gut defense), restores normal flora, and enhance the humoral immune system. Probiotics especially Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii, and lactic acid-producing bacteria have been used as an adjunct therapy for treating UC to ameliorate disease-related symptoms and reduce relapse rate. Probiotics, in general, modulate the immune system through their ability to enhance the mucosal barrier function, or through their interaction with the local immune system to enhance regulatory T cell responses, decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and increase anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10. OUTLOOK More studies are needed to explore the properties of the various probiotic bacterial strains, their different uses, as well as the dosage of probiotics and duration for treating different disorders. Further clinical investigations on mechanisms of action and how probiotics modulate the immune system may lead to further advances in managing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Agraib
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed I Yamani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yaser Mohammed Rayyan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awni Taleb Abu-Sneineh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tarek A Tamimi
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reema Fayez Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Guo J, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Wang J. MiRNA-29c-3p Promotes Intestinal Inflammation via Targeting Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Ulcerative Colitis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2031-2043. [PMID: 34040415 PMCID: PMC8140949 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s302832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) is profoundly linked to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but little is known about the specific biological functions of miRNAs in IBD. This study sought to elucidate the effect and the underlying target of miR-29c-3p in ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The levels of miR-29c-3p and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were measured in inflamed lesions of UC patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. MiR-29c-3p was predicted to target LIF by bioinformatics software, which was verified via luciferase reporter assay and transfection of miR-29c-3p mimics or inhibitor. The role of miR-29c-3p/LIF axis in intestinal inflammation was explored in experimental colitis mice and Caco-2 cells. Results MiR-29c-3p was markedly downregulated while LIF was upregulated in colon tissues of UC patients and DSS-challenged colitis mice as well as in primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and LPS-treated Caco-2 cells. MiR-29c-3p inhibited LIF expression at the transcriptional level via binding to LIF 3'-untranslated region (UTR) in Caco-2 cells. Targeting miR-29c-3p/LIF axis regulated inflammatory cytokines production, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-29c-3p aggravated mice experimental colitis via suppressing LIF. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the upregulation of miR-29c-3p promotes gut inflammation and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via suppressing LIF, thereby modulating the pathogenesis of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiya Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, People's Republic of China
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19
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Privitera G, Pugliese D, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F, Neri M, Guidi L, Gasbarrini A, Armuzzi A. Novel trends with biologics in inflammatory bowel disease: sequential and combined approaches. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211006669. [PMID: 33995579 PMCID: PMC8082976 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211006669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, after the introduction of targeted biological therapies. However, the impact of these new drugs in changing the natural history of disease is still under debate. Recent evidence seems to suggest that the extent of their efficacy might be, at least partially, dependent on the timing of their introduction and on the subsequent management strategy. In this complex landscape, the potential role for a more dynamic approach with treatments based on sequencing and combining targeted therapies has been explored only minimally so far. In this review, we aim to explore the potential biological rationale behind the use of sequential and combination therapies in IBD, to summarise the current knowledge on this topic and to propose a management algorithm that combines these notions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Privitera
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Neri
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luisa Guidi
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Liu JL, Wang CY, Cheng TY, Rixiati Y, Ji C, Deng M, Yao S, Yuan LH, Zhao YY, Shen T, Li JM. Circadian Clock Disruption Suppresses PDL1 + Intraepithelial B Cells in Experimental Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:251-276. [PMID: 33652118 PMCID: PMC8141473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The circadian clock is crucial for physiological homeostasis including gut homeostasis. Disorder of the circadian clock may contribute to many diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role and the mechanisms of circadian clock involvement in IBD still are unclear. METHODS Disorder of the circadian clock including chronic social jet lag and circadian clock gene deficiency mice (Bmal1-/-, and Per1-/-Per2-/-) were established. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and/or azoxymethane were used to induce mouse models of colitis and its associated colorectal cancer. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the characteristics of immune cells and their related molecules. RESULTS Mice with disorders of the circadian clock including chronic social jet lag and circadian clock gene deficiency were susceptible to colitis. Functionally, regulatory B (Breg) cells highly expressing Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) helped to alleviate the severity of colitis after DSS treatment and was dysregulated in DSS-treated Bmal1-/- mice. Notably, interleukin 33 in the intestinal microenvironment was key for Bmal1-regulated PDL1+ Breg cells and interleukin 33 was a target of Bmal1 transcriptionally. Dysregulated PDL1+ B cells induced cell death of activated CD4+ T cells in DSS-treated Bmal1-/- mice. Consequently, circadian clock disorder was characterized as decreased numbers of Breg+ PDL1+ cells in IELs and dysfunction of CD4+ T cells promoted colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) in mice. In clinical samples from CRC patients, low expression of Bmal1 gene in paracancerous tissues and center area of tumor was associated closely with a poorer prognosis of CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers the importance of the circadian clock regulating PDL1+ Breg+ cells of IELs in IBD and IBD-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Chu-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Su Yao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Yuan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Pugazhendhi A, Hubbell M, Jairam P, Ambati B. Neovascular Macular Degeneration: A Review of Etiology, Risk Factors, and Recent Advances in Research and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1170. [PMID: 33504013 PMCID: PMC7866170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (exudative or wet AMD) is a prevalent, progressive retinal degenerative macular disease that is characterized by neovascularization of the choroid, mainly affecting the elderly population causing gradual vision impairment. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diet all play a part in nvAMD's progression, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Current therapeutic advancements slow the progression of the disease but do not cure or reverse its course. Newer therapies such as gene therapies, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and levodopa offer potential new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunbalaji Pugazhendhi
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Margaret Hubbell
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Pooja Jairam
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Balamurali Ambati
- Knights Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (A.P.); (M.H.)
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22
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Riva A, Gray EH, Azarian S, Zamalloa A, McPhail MJ, Vincent RP, Williams R, Chokshi S, Patel VC, Edwards LA. Faecal cytokine profiling as a marker of intestinal inflammation in acutely decompensated cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100151. [PMID: 32838247 PMCID: PMC7391986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gut dysbiosis and inflammation perpetuate loss of gut barrier integrity (GBI) and pathological bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis, contributing to infection risk. Little is known about gut inflammation in cirrhosis and how this differs in acute decompensation (AD). We developed a novel approach to characterise intestinal immunopathology by quantifying faecal cytokines (FCs) and GBI markers. METHODS Faeces and plasma were obtained from patients with stable cirrhosis (SC; n = 16), AD (n = 47), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 31). A panel of 15 cytokines and GBI markers, including intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein-2 (FABP2), d-lactate, and faecal calprotectin (FCAL), were quantified by electrochemiluminescence/ELISA. Correlations between analytes and clinical metadata with univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Faecal (F) IL-1β, interferon gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha, IL-21, IL-17A/F, and IL-22 were significantly elevated in AD vs. SC (q <0.01). F-IL-23 was significantly elevated in AD vs. HC (p = 0.0007). FABP2/d-lactate were significantly increased in faeces in AD vs. SC and AD vs. HC (p <0.0001) and in plasma (p = 0.0004; p = 0.011). F-FABP2 correlated most strongly with disease severity (Spearman's rho: Child-Pugh 0.466; p <0.0001; model for end-stage liver disease 0.488; p <0.0001). FCAL correlated with plasma IL-21, IL-1β, and IL-17F only and none of the faecal analytes. F-cytokines and F-GBI markers were more accurate than plasma in discriminating AD from SC. CONCLUSIONS FC profiling represents an innovative approach to investigating the localised intestinal cytokine micro-environment in cirrhosis. These data reveal that AD is associated with a highly inflamed and permeable gut barrier. FC profiles are very different from the classical innate-like features of systemic inflammation. There is non-specific upregulation of TH1/TH17 effector cytokines and those known to mediate intestinal barrier damage. This prevents mucosal healing in AD and further propagates BT and systemic inflammation. LAY SUMMARY The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.
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Key Words
- ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure
- AD, acute decompensation
- AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic
- BT, bacterial translocation
- Bacterial translocation
- CLIF-C AD, Chronic Liver Failure Consortium-acute decompensation
- Chronic liver disease
- Cytokines
- DS, discriminant score
- FABP2, fatty-acid-binding protein-2
- FCAL, faecal calprotectin
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FL, faecal lysate
- FWER, family-wise error rate
- GVB, gut vascular barrier
- Gut inflammation
- HC, healthy control
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- Intestinal barrier function
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PCA, principal component analysis
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- SC, stable cirrhosis
- UKELD, United Kingdom model for end-stage liver disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth H. Gray
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Azarian
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark J.W. McPhail
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Royce P. Vincent
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Vishal C. Patel
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lindsey A. Edwards
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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23
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Characterization of mucosal cytokine profile in ulcerative colitis patients under conventional and anti-TNF-a treatment. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:1527-1532. [PMID: 32976192 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytokines play a pivotal role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated the expression of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in inflamed and uninflamed mucosal samples of ulcerative colitis patients. METHODS Twenty-five ulcerative colitis patients were enrolled. Bioptic samples from inflamed and not inflamed intestinal areas were obtained. Multiplex analysis for inflammatory and regulatory cytokines was performed. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed. Endoscopic Mayo score and histological simplified Geboes score were calculated. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, induced Protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b resulted increased in ulcerative colitis inflamed vs ulcerative colitis not inflamed areas. No differences were registered between conventional and anti-tumor necrosis factor-a regimens. No difference with CRP levels was found. IL-7 resulted reduced in patients with endoscopic Mayo score ≥2. All the not inflamed samples had a Geboes score <2A, while all the inflamed specimens had a Geboes score ≥2B. IL-1Ra resulted increased in the group with a Geboes score ≥4. CONCLUSIONS Inflamed and adjacent not inflamed mucosal areas in ulcerative colitis patients share detailed inflammatory molecular pathways, but can be differentiated endoscopically and histologically on the basis of specific cytokines levels. This underlines the complexity of the mucosal cytokine network in ulcerative colitis and highlights the major limitations of a single proinflammatory target therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that presents with rapidly developing, painful skin ulcers hallmarked by undermined borders and peripheral erythema. Epidemiological studies indicate that the average age of PG onset is in the mid-40s, with an incidence of a few cases per million person-years. PG is often associated with a variety of other immune-mediated diseases, most commonly inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The cause of PG is not well understood, but PG is generally considered an autoinflammatory disorder. Studies have focused on the role of T cells, especially at the wound margin; these cells may support the destructive autoinflammatory response by the innate immune system. PG is difficult to diagnose as several differential diagnoses are possible; in addition to clinical examination, laboratory tests of biopsied wound tissue are required for an accurate diagnosis, and new validated diagnostic criteria will facilitate the process. Treatment of PG typically starts with fast-acting immunosuppressive drugs (corticosteroids and/or cyclosporine) to reduce inflammation followed by the addition of more slowly acting immunosuppressive drugs with superior adverse event profiles, including biologics (in particular, anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents). Appropriate wound care is also essential. Future research should focus on PG-specific outcome measures and PG quality-of-life studies.
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25
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Mavragani CP, Nezos A, Dovrolis N, Andreou NP, Legaki E, Sechi LA, Bamias G, Gazouli M. Type I and II Interferon Signatures Can Predict the Response to Anti-TNF Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Involvement of the Microbiota. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1543-1553. [PMID: 32812029 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-TNF agents have been a cornerstone of IBD therapy; however, response to treatment has been variable, and clinically applicable biomarkers are urgently needed. We hypothesized that the type I and type II interferon (IFN) signatures may be a confounding factor for response to antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment via interactions with the host and its gut microbiota. METHODS Peripheral blood from 30 IBD patients and 10 healthy controls was subjected to real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for type I and type II IFN genes (IFNGs), both at baseline and after treatment with anti-TNF. Correlation between IFN signatures and microbiota composition was also determined for a subgroup of patients and controls. RESULTS At baseline, type I IFN score was significantly higher in IBD patients (P = 0.04 vs controls). Responders to subsequent anti-TNF treatment had significantly lower baseline scores for both type I and II IFN signatures (P < 0.005 vs nonresponders for both comparisons). During treatment with anti-TNF, the expression of type I and II IFNGs was significantly elevated in responders and decreased in nonresponders. In addition, changes in IFN signatures correlated to specific alterations in the abundance of several microbial taxa of the gut microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Baseline expression of type I and II IFN signatures and their kinetics during anti-TNF administration significantly correlate to treatment responses in IBD patients. Peripheral blood IFN signatures may serve as clinically meaningful biomarkers for the identification of subgroups of patients with favorable response to anti-TNF treatment. Additionally, the distinct synergies between different IFN types and microbiota might help drive therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adrianos Nezos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Legaki
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI-Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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26
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Corridoni D, Antanaviciute A, Gupta T, Fawkner-Corbett D, Aulicino A, Jagielowicz M, Parikh K, Repapi E, Taylor S, Ishikawa D, Hatano R, Yamada T, Xin W, Slawinski H, Bowden R, Napolitani G, Brain O, Morimoto C, Koohy H, Simmons A. Single-cell atlas of colonic CD8 + T cells in ulcerative colitis. Nat Med 2020; 26:1480-1490. [PMID: 32747828 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colonic antigen-experienced lymphocytes such as tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells can respond rapidly to repeated antigen exposure. However, their cellular phenotypes and the mechanisms by which they drive immune regulation and inflammation remain unclear. Here we compiled an unbiased atlas of human colonic CD8+ T cells in health and ulcerative colitis (UC) using single-cell transcriptomics with T-cell receptor repertoire analysis and mass cytometry. We reveal extensive heterogeneity in CD8+ T-cell composition, including expanded effector and post-effector terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells. While UC-associated CD8+ effector T cells can trigger tissue destruction and produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, post-effector cells acquire innate signatures to adopt regulatory functions that may mitigate excessive inflammation. Thus, we identify colonic CD8+ T-cell phenotypes in health and UC, define their clonal relationships and characterize terminally differentiated dysfunctional UC CD8+ T cells expressing IL-26, which attenuate acute colitis in a humanized IL-26 transgenic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corridoni
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC WIMM Centre For Computational Biology, MRC WIMM, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tarun Gupta
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Fawkner-Corbett
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Aulicino
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Jagielowicz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kaushal Parikh
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Steve Taylor
- Computational Biology Research Group, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dai Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatano
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hubert Slawinski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Brain
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hashem Koohy
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC WIMM Centre For Computational Biology, MRC WIMM, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alison Simmons
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F, Ianiro G, Bibbò S, Settanni CR, Papa A, Armuzzi A, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on IBD endoscopic procedures in a high-volume IBD Center. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E980-E984. [PMID: 32617402 PMCID: PMC7311194 DOI: 10.1055/a-1183-3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major clinical and also organizational impact on national health care systems, particularly in high-volume hospitals that are utilized for several essential clinical needs. We aimed to analyze the short-term impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on management of endoscopic procedures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients and methods This was an observational prospective study exploring major clinical and organizational changes in endoscopic management at the IBD Center - CEMAD of the Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy since the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Results Our IBD Unit, with up to 1,500 IBD patients receiving biotechnological or experimental therapy, represents a high-volume Italian and European IBD center. Since the beginning of the outbreak, our hospital has been extremely impacted by care related to COVID-19 cases, with a consequent need to dramatically reorganize management of endoscopic procedures for IBD. Conclusions Outbreak restrictions have significantly impacted the volume of endoscopic activities for IBD. Specific strategies have been designed to guarantee a high level of safety for both patients with IBD and healthcare personnel dedicated to their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia,Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. dʼAnnunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italia,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. dʼAnnunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italia
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Carlo Romano Settanni
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Alfredo Papa
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia; CEMAD – IBD UNIT; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Roma, Italia
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28
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Lopetuso LR, Gasbarrini A. Fighting the Hype for Predictors of Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:764-765. [PMID: 31689346 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary or secondary nonresponse to anti-TNF–α due to immunogenicity or treatment-related side effects and the growing presence of innovative biological therapies targeting different cytokines and immune processes raise a clear need for predictors of efficacy for anti-TNF-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
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29
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Lopetuso LR, Ianiro G, Allegretti JR, Bibbò S, Gasbarrini A, Scaldaferri F, Cammarota G. Fecal transplantation for ulcerative colitis: current evidence and future applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:343-351. [PMID: 32083498 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1733964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Established evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a role in ulcerative colitis (UC). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is clearly recognized as a highly effective treatment for patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and has been investigated also in patients with UC, with promising results.Areas covered: Literature review was performed to select publications concerning current evidence on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of UC, and on the effectiveness of FMT in this disorder.Expert opinion: The randomized controlled trials published investigating the use of FMT suggested a potential role for FMT in the treatment of mild to moderate UC. However, given several unanswered questions regarding donor selection, dose, route of administration and duration of therapy, this is not yet recommended as a viable therapy option. FMT has allowed for more in depth investigation with regards to the role the gut microbiota may be playing in UC. This knowledge is critical to identifying where FMT may appropriately fit in the UC treatment paradigm. As our understanding of the role the microbiome plays in this chronic disease, FMT, and then eventually defined microbes, will hopefully serve in a complementary role to conventional IBD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris R Lopetuso
- UOC MEDICINA INTERNA E GASTROENTEROLOGIA, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- UOC MEDICINA INTERNA E GASTROENTEROLOGIA, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- UOC MEDICINA INTERNA E GASTROENTEROLOGIA, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC MEDICINA INTERNA E GASTROENTEROLOGIA, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOC MEDICINA INTERNA E GASTROENTEROLOGIA, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- UOC MEDICINA INTERNA E GASTROENTEROLOGIA, Area Medicina Interna, Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
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30
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Xu J, Wu L, Yu P, Sun Y, Lu Y. Effect of T. spiralis Serine protease inhibitors on TNBS-induced experimental colitis mediated by Macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3147. [PMID: 32081954 PMCID: PMC7035329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease with increasing incidence rate, and divided into ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). And more and more experimental evidence supports that immune disorder is important in the pathogenesis of IBD. Our previous experiments have confirmed that TsKaSPI and TsAdSPI recombinant proteins could relieve TNBS (2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution)-induced colitis. Therefore, we speculate that macrophages play a certain role in the process of recombinant protein relieving colitis. In this experiment, 96 male BALB/c mice aged 6–8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: the prevention group and the therapy group. Changes of the ratio of M1/M2 phenotypic macrophages in spleens and MLNs, key factors in the IL-33/ST2 and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were detected. The purpose is to analyze the specific role played by macrophages and their secreted cytokines in the immunomodulation of colitis by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) Serine protease inhibitors. The results showed that the percentage of M1 phenotypic macrophages was decreased and M2 phenotypic macrophages was increased in the TsKaSPI + TNBS, TsAdSPI + TNBS group compared with the PBS + TNBS group in the prevention group. Meanwhile, the expression of IL-33 and ST2 were significantly decreased. The key factors of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were all significantly increased. In addition, in the therapy group, we found similar results. This experiment demonstrated that macrophages have a certain impact during this process of recombinant protein relieving mouse CD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lijia Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yichun Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Harbin, 150030, China.
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31
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Interleukin-38 is elevated in inflammatory bowel diseases and suppresses intestinal inflammation. Cytokine 2020; 127:154963. [PMID: 31927461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been no report investigating the role of IL-38 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therefore, we investigated the expression of IL-38 in IBD patients and its role in regulating intestinal inflammation. The levels of IL-38 were significantly elevated in the intestine of IBD patients and DSS-induced colitis mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that B cell, not macrophage or T cell, was the source of IL-38 in the intestine. We found that rIL-38 treatment significantly attenuated DSS-induced colitis, including alleviation of weight loss, disease activity index, macroscopic changes and histological damage of colon, along with lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. In vitro, rIL-38 significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and BMDM. This is the first study suggesting that IL-38 may have a protective effect in IBD, which inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages. IL-38 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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32
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Wang JW, Pan YB, Cao YQ, Wang C, Jiang WD, Zhai WF, Lu JG. Loganin alleviates LPS-activated intestinal epithelial inflammation by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:257-264. [PMID: 31859422 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation that affects millions of people around the world. Loganin, an iridoid glycoside, has shown the anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of loganin on IBD and its underlying molecular mechanism are not clear. The present study aimed to investigate whether loganin could alleviate IBD and its mechanisms. The intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro IBD model. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. The expression and release level of inflammatory factors were determined by both real-time-PCR and ELISA. Western blotting was used to assess the NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 pathway-related protein levels. The results showed that loganin repressed the expression and release of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. Overexpression of TLR4 could reverse the effect of loganin, leading to activation of NF-κB signaling and production of inflammatory factors. Meanwhile, IGF-1, a JAK/STAT3 signaling activator, could also reverse the anti-inflammation effect of loganin. In conclusion, loganin inhibited LPS-activated intestinal epithelial inflammation by repressing TLR4/NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Wang
- Department of Anal & Intestinal Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bin Pan
- Department of Anal & Intestinal Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Cao
- Department of Anal & Intestinal Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Anal & Intestinal Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Jiang
- Department of Anal & Intestinal Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Gen Lu
- Department of Anal & Intestinal Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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33
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Jiao Y, Shen F, Wang Z, Ye L, Zhang M, Gao J, Hou Y, Bai G. Genipin, a natural AKT inhibitor, targets the PH domain to affect downstream signaling and alleviates inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113660. [PMID: 31605673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The iridoid compound genipin (GNP) is a geniposide hydrolysate of β-glucosidase. GNP has many pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammation effects. However, its exact target and mechanism of action remain poorly understood. In this study, the binding of GNP to AKT protein was demonstrated via a GNP-modified magnetic microspheres (GNP-MMs) capture and immunofluorescence co-localization test. GNP-MMs fishing coupled with competitive testing and AKT plasma transport experiments indicate that GNP may act on the PH domain of AKT, and affect AKT plasma transport. The specific binding directly inhibits phosphorylation of AKT, affecting the downstream activation, and reducing inflammatory responses. The results indicate that GNP targets the PH domain region of AKT, inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT, and attenuates the transduction of AKT based inflammation signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fukui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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34
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Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Raoul P, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F, Pulcini G, Miggiano GAD, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC. Food Components and Dietary Habits: Keys for a Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2393. [PMID: 31591348 PMCID: PMC6835969 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a changing ecosystem, containing trillions of bacteria, continuously shaped by many factors, such as dietary habits, seasonality, lifestyle, stress, antibiotics use, or diseases. A healthy host-microorganisms balance must be respected in order to optimally maintain the intestinal barrier and immune system functions and, consequently, prevent disease development. In the past several decades, the adoption of modern dietary habits has become a growing health concern, as it is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, promoting inflammation and both structural and behavioral changes in gut microbiota. In this context, novel dietary strategies are emerging to prevent diseases and maintain health. However, the consequences of these different diets on gut microbiota modulation are still largely unknown, and could potentially lead to alterations of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and the immune system. The present review aimed to focus on the impact of single food components (macronutrients and micronutrients), salt, food additives, and different dietary habits (i.e., vegan and vegetarian, gluten-free, ketogenic, high sugar, low FODMAP, Western-type, and Mediterranean diets) on gut microbiota composition in order to define the optimal diet for a healthy modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pauline Raoul
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Pulcini
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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35
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Martinez-Fierro ML, Garza-Veloz I, Rocha-Pizaña MR, Cardenas-Vargas E, Cid-Baez MA, Trejo-Vazquez F, Flores-Morales V, Villela-Ramirez GA, Delgado-Enciso I, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Ortiz-Castro Y. Serum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor profiles and their modulation in inflammatory bowel disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17208. [PMID: 31567972 PMCID: PMC6756690 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) are the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because these subtypes of IBD are characterized by periods of activity and remission, an understanding of the modulation of biochemical markers with the clinical features of IBD or its treatment, may be useful for determining the correct treatment protocol.This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of 27 protein biomarkers to determine their association with IBD, correlation with clinical findings of disease, and modulation according to the pharmacologic therapy.A case-control study was carried out in Zacatecas, Mexico. The 27 protein profiles of serum from 53 participants (23 UC, 11 CD, and 19 controls) were evaluated using the Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex immunoassay (Bio-Rad).Considering the controls as a reference, the group with IBD endoscopic activity showed higher serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) (P < .05). Interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) was associated with extraintestinal symptoms of disease (P = .041). Both PDGF-BB and interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed the strongest correlations with clinical features of IBD. Levels of IL-6, IL-7, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were higher with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) + Azathioprine therapy than controls (P < .05). Combined therapy with 5-ASA + Adalimumab led to the strongest changes in marker modulation: IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, and PDGF-BB, were upregulated (P < .05).Elevated serum levels of G-CSF, IL-1Ra, and PDGF-BB were associated with IBD endoscopic activity, and of IP-10 with extraintestinal manifestations of IBD. Combined therapy of 5-ASA + Adalimumab produced significant upregulation of IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, and PDGF-BB. This information may be useful for deciding on the course of pharmacologic therapy for patients with IBD and for generating new therapy alternatives to improve the outcome of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y CS
- Posgrado en Ingenieria y Tecnologia Aplicada, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y CS
- Posgrado en Ingenieria y Tecnologia Aplicada, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas
| | | | - Edith Cardenas-Vargas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y CS
- Hospital General Zacatecas “Luz González Cosío”, Servicios de Salud de Zacatecas
| | | | - Fabiola Trejo-Vazquez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y CS
- Hospital General de Zacatecas, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE)
| | - Virginia Flores-Morales
- Laboratorio de Sintesis Asimetrica y Bioenergetica (LSAyB), Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas
| | - Gabriela A. Villela-Ramirez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Academica de Medicina Humana y CS
- Posgrado en Ingenieria y Tecnologia Aplicada, Unidad Academica de Ingenieria Electrica, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas
| | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- School of Medicine, University of Colima, and Cancerology State Institute, Colima State Health Services, Colima
| | - Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Molecular y Estructural, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Grossi V, Gulli F, Infantino M, Stefanile A, Napodano C, Benucci M, Pocino K, Li Gobbi F, Damiani A, Di Pino A, Manfredi M, Marino M, Basile V, Rapaccini GL, Basile U. The Laboratory Role in anti-TNF Biological Therapy Era. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:317-332. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1637434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziata Stefanile
- Laboratory Diagnostics Area - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Napodano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Benucci
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Krizia Pocino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Li Gobbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Damiani
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Pino
- Laboratory Diagnostics Area - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Istituto di Patologia Generale - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Basile
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Ludovico Rapaccini
- Laboratory Diagnostics Area - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Istituto di Patologia Generale - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Di Martino L, Osme A, Kossak-Gupta S, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. TWEAK/Fn14 Is Overexpressed in Crohn's Disease and Mediates Experimental Ileitis by Regulating Critical Innate and Adaptive Immune Pathways. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:427-446. [PMID: 31181286 PMCID: PMC6718944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) is a debilitating inflammatory disorder that affects more than 1.6 million people in North America alone. Members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily are key regulators of intestinal inflammation; specifically, tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), are involved in normal and pathologic tissue remodeling. Our aim was to determine the role of TWEAK/Fn14 in CD and a murine model of CD-like ileitis (ie, SAMP1/YitFc [SAMP] strain). METHODS SAMP mice deficient in Fn14 (SAMP × Fn14-/-) were developed and a detailed time-course study was performed evaluating ileal tissues by histology and stereomicroscopy, as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction and NanoString technology (Seattle, WA). Reciprocal bone marrow chimeras were generated to assess the relevance of Fn14 in hematopoietic vs nonhematopoietic compartments. Surgically resected intestinal tissues and mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with CD, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls were analyzed for the expression of TWEAK/Fn14 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS SAMP × Fn14-/- showed a marked decrease in ileitis severity at 20 weeks of age compared with SAMP WT controls. Bone marrow chimeras showed that Fn14 was required in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments for ileitis to develop. Transcriptome data showed multiple cellular pathways regulated by Fn14 signaling. Finally, increased expression of TWEAK and Fn14 was observed in tissue lesions from CD patients compared with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS TWEAK/Fn14 are up-regulated in CD, and also mediate experimental CD-like ileitis, by regulation of multiple innate and adaptive cellular pathways. Therefore, TWEAK/Fn14 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of small intestinal inflammation in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Martino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Kossak-Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathology, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
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38
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Mendes V, Galvão I, Vieira AT. Mechanisms by Which the Gut Microbiota Influences Cytokine Production and Modulates Host Inflammatory Responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:393-409. [PMID: 31013453 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract encounters a wide variety of microorganisms, including beneficial symbionts, pathobionts, and pathogens. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota, directly or indirectly through its components, such as metabolites, actively participates in the host inflammatory response by cytokine-microbiota or microbiota-cytokine modulation interactions, both in the gut and systemically. Therefore, further elucidation of host cytokine molecular pathways and microbiota components will provide a novel and promising therapeutic approach to control or prevent inflammatory disease and to maintain host homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to summarize well-established scientific findings and provide an updated overview regarding the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can influence the inflammatory response by modulating the host's cytokine pathways that are mostly involved, but not exclusively so, with gut homeostasis. In addition, we will highlight recent results from our group, which suggest that the microbiota promotes cytokine release from inflammatory cells though activation of microbial metabolite sensor receptors that are more highly expressed on inflammatory and intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviani Mendes
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- 3 Department of Cellular Biology ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Thomaz Vieira
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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39
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Piscaglia AC, Lopetuso LR, Laterza L, Gerardi V, Sacchini E, Leoncini E, Boccia S, Stefanelli ML, Gasbarrini A, Armuzzi A. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Republic of San Marino: The "EPIMICI - San Marino" study. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:218-225. [PMID: 30197187 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) has never been estimated in the Republic of San Marino, the third smallest nation of the world. AIMS To assess the occurrence and clinical features of CD and UC in San Marino during the last 35 years. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence, incidence, and main clinical aspects of CD and UC from 1980 to 2014, crossing data from various sources. RESULTS Prevalence rates (per 100,000) on December 31, were 241 for CD (263 in males and 220 in females) and 311 for UC (370 in males and 255 in females). The specific incidence of UC steadily increased from 4.6 (95% CI: 1.5-10.6) in 1980-1984 to 12.4 (95% CI: 7.6-19.1) in 2010-2014; CD incidence showed a higher proportional increase, from 1.8 (95% CI: 0.2-6.6) in 1980-1984 to 17.9 (95% CI: 12.0-25.7) in 2010-2014. The main clinical features of CD and UC (activity and location at diagnosis, extra-intestinal manifestations, disease progression overtime, therapies, and hospitalizations) were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first epidemiological report on CD and UC in San Marino, showing specific traits and overall higher prevalence and incidence rates than previously reported in neighbor Areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Laterza
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Gerardi
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Sacchini
- Health Authority of San Marino, Borgo Maggiore, San Marino
| | - Emanuele Leoncini
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Differential Expression of IL-36 Family Members and IL-38 by Immune and Nonimmune Cells in Patients with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5140691. [PMID: 30643810 PMCID: PMC6311241 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5140691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 family includes IL-38 (IL-1F10) and the subfamily of IL-36 and is the central mediators of inflammatory diseases, including pustular psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gut inflammation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate on tissue of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 gene and cell expression and its correlation with clinical activity. Patients and Methods. A cross-sectional and comparative study was performed. Seventy patients with IBD and 30 noninflamed non-IBD controls were enrolled. Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Protein expression was detected by double-staining immunohistochemistry. Results. The mRNA expression of IL-36 family members but not IL-38 was increased in colonic mucosa from patients with active ulcerative colitis versus Crohn's disease group and noninflammatory control group (P<0.05). However, only gene expression of IL-38 was increased in tissue from patients with inactive ulcerative colitis versus active disease and control group (P<0.005). Conversely, gene expression of IL-36Ra was significantly higher in colonic tissue from patients with active versus inactive ulcerative colitis and noninflamed control group (P<0.05). A differential protein overexpression of IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, and IL-38 by intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and/or versus dendritic cells (pDCs) was found in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease compared with noninflamed controls. Conclusion. IL-38 and IL-36 family members' expression was increased by immune and nonimmune cells in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. These cytokines and IL-36Ra might represent novel therapeutic targets in patients with gut inflammation.
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41
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Braun J. Flaviviruses Hit a Moving Target. Cell 2018; 175:1175-1176. [PMID: 30445035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is central to intestinal motility and a candidate target for the heterogeneous spectrum of dysmotility diseases. White et al. reveal that relapsing intestinal dysmotility occurs when partial ENS depletion by enteric neurotropic viruses is followed by functional impairment due to intermittent nonspecific intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
Initially described as an interferon (IFN)γ‐inducing factor, interleukin (IL)‐18 is indeed involved in Th1 and NK cell activation, but also in Th2, IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells and macrophage activation. IL‐18, a member of the IL‐1 family, is similar to IL‐1β for being processed by caspase 1 to an 18 kDa‐biologically active mature form. IL‐18 binds to its specific receptor (IL‐18Rα, also known as IL‐1R7) forming a low affinity ligand chain. This is followed by recruitment of the IL‐18Rβ chain. IL‐18 then uses the same signaling pathway as IL‐1 to activate NF‐kB and induce inflammatory mediators such as adhesion molecules, chemokines and Fas ligand. IL‐18 also binds to the circulating high affinity IL‐18 binding protein (BP), such as only unbound free IL‐18 is active. IL‐18Rα may also bind IL‐37, another member of the IL‐1 family, but in association with the negative signaling chain termed IL‐1R8, which transduces an anti‐inflammatory signal. IL‐18BP also binds IL‐37 and this acts as a sink for the anti‐inflammatory properties of IL‐37. There is now ample evidence for a role of IL‐18 in various infectious, metabolic or inflammatory diseases such as influenza virus infection, atheroma, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Crohn's disease. However, IL‐18 plays a very specific role in the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic syndromes (HS) also termed Macrophage Activation Syndrome. In children affected by NLRC4 gain‐of‐function mutations, IL‐18 circulates in the range of tens of nanograms/mL. HS is treated with the IL‐1 Receptor antagonist (anakinra) but also specifically with IL‐18BP. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult‐onset Still's disease are also characterized by high serum IL‐18 concentrations and are treated by IL‐18BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Kaplanski
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Conception, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Vascular Research Center Marseille, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR_S1076, Marseille, France
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A cytokine network involving IL-36γ, IL-23, and IL-22 promotes antimicrobial defense and recovery from intestinal barrier damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5076-E5085. [PMID: 29760082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718902115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium acts to separate host immune cells from unrestricted interactions with the microbiota and other environmental stimuli. In response to epithelial damage or dysfunction, immune cells are activated to produce interleukin (IL)-22, which is involved in repair and protection of barrier surfaces. However, the specific pathways leading to IL-22 and associated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production in response to intestinal tissue damage remain incompletely understood. Here, we define a critical IL-36/IL-23/IL-22 cytokine network that is instrumental for AMP production and host defense. Using a murine model of intestinal damage and repair, we show that IL-36γ is a potent inducer of IL-23 both in vitro and in vivo. IL-36γ-induced IL-23 required Notch2-dependent (CD11b+CD103+) dendritic cells (DCs), but not Batf3-dependent (CD11b-CD103+) DCs or CSF1R-dependent macrophages. The intracellular signaling cascade linking IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) to IL-23 production by DCs involved MyD88 and the NF-κB subunits c-Rel and p50. Consistent with in vitro observations, IL-36R- and IL-36γ-deficient mice exhibited dramatically reduced IL-23, IL-22, and AMP levels, and consequently failed to recover from acute intestinal damage. Interestingly, impaired recovery of mice deficient in IL-36R or IL-36γ could be rescued by treatment with exogenous IL-23. This recovery was accompanied by a restoration of IL-22 and AMP expression in the colon. Collectively, these data define a cytokine network involving IL-36γ, IL-23, and IL-22 that is activated in response to intestinal barrier damage and involved in providing critical host defense.
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44
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Role of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines and TNF-α promoter variability in Plasmodium vivax infection during pregnancy in endemic population of Jharkhand, India. Mol Immunol 2018; 97:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Effect of subchronic exposure to inorganic arsenic on the structure and function of the intestinal epithelium. Toxicol Lett 2018; 286:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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46
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Lopetuso LR, Gerardi V, Papa V, Scaldaferri F, Rapaccini GL, Gasbarrini A, Papa A. Can We Predict the Efficacy of Anti-TNF-α Agents? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091973. [PMID: 28906475 PMCID: PMC5618622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biologic agents, particularly anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, has revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), modifying their natural history. Several data on the efficacy of these agents in inducing and maintaining clinical remission have been accumulated over the past two decades: their use avoid the need for steroids therapy, promote mucosal healing, reduce hospitalizations and surgeries and therefore dramatically improve the quality of life of IBD patients. However, primary non-response to these agents or loss of response over time mainly due to immunogenicity or treatment-related side-effects are a frequent concern in IBD patients. Thus, the identification of predicting factors of efficacy is crucial to allow clinicians to efficiently use these therapies, avoiding them when they are ineffective and eventually shifting towards alternative biological therapies with the end goal of optimizing the cost-effectiveness ratio. In this review, we aim to identify the predictive factors of short- and long-term benefits of anti-TNF-α therapy in IBD patients. In particular, multiple patient-, disease- and treatment-related factors have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (V.G.); (F.S.); (G.L.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Viviana Gerardi
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (V.G.); (F.S.); (G.L.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Valerio Papa
- Digestive Surgery Department, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (V.G.); (F.S.); (G.L.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Gian Lodovico Rapaccini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (V.G.); (F.S.); (G.L.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (V.G.); (F.S.); (G.L.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alfredo Papa
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.R.L.); (V.G.); (F.S.); (G.L.R.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3503310
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47
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Corridoni D, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Di Stefano G, Di Martino L, Antonopoulos DA, Chang EB, Arseneau KO, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Genetic deletion of the bacterial sensor NOD2 improves murine Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of functional dysbiosis. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:971-982. [PMID: 27848951 PMCID: PMC5433921 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although genetic polymorphisms in NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2) have been associated with the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), little is known regarding the role of wild-type (WT) NOD2 in the gut. To date, most murine studies addressing the role of WT Nod2 have been conducted using healthy (ileitis/colitis-free) mouse strains. Here, we evaluated the effects of Nod2 deletion in a murine model of spontaneous ileitis, i.e., the SAMP1Yit/Fc (SAMP) strain, which closely resembles CD. Remarkably, Nod2 deletion improved both chronic cobblestone ileitis (by 50% assessed, as the % of abnormal mucosa at 24 wks of age), as well as acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. Mechanistically, Th2 cytokine production and Th2-transcription factor activation (i.e., STAT6 phosphorylation) were reduced. Microbiologically, the effects of Nod2 deletion appeared independent of fecal microbiota composition and function, assessed by 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomics. Our findings indicate that pharmacological blockade of NOD2 signaling in humans could improve health in Th2-driven chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corridoni
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A Rodriguez-Palacios
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - G Di Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L Di Martino
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - D A Antonopoulos
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K O Arseneau
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - T T Pizarro
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - F Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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48
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Abstract
Interleukin-36α (IL-36α), also formerly known as IL-1F6, is pertaining to IL-1 family members that has been shown to play an important pro-inflammatory role in chronic immune disorders. However, the role IL-36α in the setting of cancer remains unknown. Here, in our study, to investigate the clinical relevance of IL-36α in ovarian cancer, clinicopathological significance as well as expression level of IL-36α were analyzed in epithelial ovarian cancer clinical tissues and paired normal control. To explore the biological role of IL-36α in vitro in epithelial ovarian cancer cells, both overexpression and knockdown of IL-36α were performed. Based on the successful re-expression and silencing of IL-36α, proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, wound-healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. To further confirm the effect over proliferation in vivo, nude mice xenografted with epithelial ovarian cancer cells whose endogenous IL-36α was stably upregulated or downregulated were employed. It was found that IL-36α was shown to be markedly downregulated in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues relative to paired normal control and that reduced IL-36α expression was significantly associated with poor overall prognosis. In addition, IL-36α was observed to be able to suppress the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, IL-36α was displayed to be able to suppress the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells in our setting, which is suggestive of its druggable potential in curing the epithelial ovarian cancer and that upregulation of IL-36α was found to be capable of inhibiting the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfu Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Neudecker V, Haneklaus M, Jensen O, Khailova L, Masterson JC, Tye H, Biette K, Jedlicka P, Brodsky KS, Gerich ME, Mack M, Robertson AAB, Cooper MA, Furuta GT, Dinarello CA, O'Neill LA, Eltzschig HK, Masters SL, McNamee EN. Myeloid-derived miR-223 regulates intestinal inflammation via repression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1737-1752. [PMID: 28487310 PMCID: PMC5460990 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neudecker et al. define a role for a microRNA, miR-223, in regulating the inflammatory tone of the intestine by constraining nlrp3 inflammasome activation in CCR2+ monocytes and attenuating excessive IL-1β–driven inflammation. Therapeutic nanoparticle delivery of miR-223 mimetics limits experimental colitis. MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA interference regulates many immune processes, but how miRNA circuits orchestrate aberrant intestinal inflammation during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly defined. Here, we report that miR-223 limits intestinal inflammation by constraining the nlrp3 inflammasome. miR-223 was increased in intestinal biopsies from patients with active IBD and in preclinical models of intestinal inflammation. miR-223-/y mice presented with exacerbated myeloid-driven experimental colitis with heightened clinical, histopathological, and cytokine readouts. Mechanistically, enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome expression with elevated IL-1β was a predominant feature during the initiation of colitis with miR-223 deficiency. Depletion of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes and pharmacologic blockade of IL-1β or NLRP3 abrogated this phenotype. Generation of a novel mouse line, with deletion of the miR-223 binding site in the NLRP3 3′ untranslated region, phenocopied the characteristics of miR-223-/y mice. Finally, nanoparticle-mediated overexpression of miR-223 attenuated experimental colitis, NLRP3 levels, and IL-1β release. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unappreciated role for miR-223 in regulating the innate immune response during intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Neudecker
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Moritz Haneklaus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Owen Jensen
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ludmila Khailova
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joanne C Masterson
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Hazel Tye
- Division of Inflammation, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn Biette
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Kelley S Brodsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Mark E Gerich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045.,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane City, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane City, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Disease Program, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Seth L Masters
- Division of Inflammation, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 .,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Epithelial-specific Toll-like Receptor (TLR)5 Activation Mediates Barrier Dysfunction in Experimental Ileitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:392-403. [PMID: 28146004 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of evidence supports a central role of TLR5 and its natural ligand, flagellin, in Crohn's disease (CD), with the precise mechanism(s) still unresolved. METHODS We investigated the role of flagellin/TLR5 in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice, a spontaneous model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis. RESULTS Ileal Tlr5 and serum antiflagellin IgG antibodies were increased in SAMP before the onset of inflammation and during established disease; these trends were abrogated in the absence of colonizing commensal bacteria. Irradiated SAMP receiving either wild-type (AKR) or SAMP bone marrow (BM) developed severe ileitis and displayed increased ileal Tlr5 compared with AKR recipients of either SAMP or AKR bone marrow, neither of which conferred ileitis, suggesting that elevated TLR5 in native SAMP is derived primarily from a nonhematopoietic (e.g., epithelial) source. Indeed, ileal epithelial TLR5 in preinflamed SAMP was increased compared with age-matched AKR and germ-free SAMP. TLR5-specific ex vivo activation of SAMP ileal tissues decreased epithelial barrier resistance, indicative of increased permeability, and was accompanied by altered expression of the tight junction proteins, claudin-3, occludin, and zonula occludens-1. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that aberrant, elevated TLR5 expression is present in the ileal epithelium of SAMP mice, is augmented in the presence of the gut microbiome, and that TLR5 activation in response to bacterial flagellin results in a deficiency to maintain appropriate epithelial barrier integrity. Together, these findings represent a potential mechanistic pathway leading to the exacerbation and perpetuation of chronic gut inflammation in experimental ileitis and possibly, in patients with Crohn's disease.
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