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Macht A, Huang Y, Reinert LS, Grass V, Lohmer K, Aristizabal Prada ET, Babel E, Semmler A, Zhang W, Wegner A, Lichtenegger-Hartl E, Haas S, Hasenpusch G, Meyer S, Paludan SR, Pichlmair A, Rudolph C, Langenickel T. Mucosal IFNλ1 mRNA-based immunomodulation effectively reduces SARS-CoV-2 induced mortality in mice. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00216-4. [PMID: 39060455 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA vaccines elicit protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, but the use of mRNA as an antiviral immunotherapeutic is unexplored. Here, we investigate the activity of lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA encoding human IFNλ1 (ETH47), which is a critical driver of innate immunity at mucosal surfaces protecting from viral infections. IFNλ1 mRNA administration promotes dose-dependent protein translation, induction of interferon-stimulated genes without relevant signs of unspecific immune stimulation, and dose-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Pulmonary administration of IFNλ1 mRNA in mice results in a potent reduction of virus load, virus-induced body weight loss and significantly increased survival. These data support the development of inhaled administration of IFNλ1 mRNA as a potential prophylactic option for individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or at risk suffering from COVID-19. Based on the broad antiviral activity of IFNλ1 regardless of virus or variant, this approach might also be utilized for other respiratory viral infections or pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiqi Huang
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vincent Grass
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ding W, Xu D, Li F, Huang C, Song T, Zhong N, Lai K, Deng Z. Intrapulmonary IFN-γ instillation causes chronic lymphocytic inflammation in the spleen and lung through the CXCR3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110675. [PMID: 37481849 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Some patients with chronic refractory cough have high levels of pulmonary IFN-γ and IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes. Pulmonary IFN-γ administration causes acute airway lymphocytic inflammation and cough hypersensitivity by increasing the number of pulmonary IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes, but these lymphocytes may be recruited from other organs. Intraperitoneal IFN-γ injection can increase the spleen weight of mice. It remains elusive whether pulmonary IFN-γ can induce chronic airway lymphocytic inflammation and cough hypersensitivity by stimulating the proliferation of IFN-γ -producing T lymphocytes in the spleen. Here, we found that pulmonary IFN-γ administration induced chronic airway inflammation and chronic cough hypersensitivity with an increased number of IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes in the spleen, blood and lung. Pulmonary IFN-γ administration also increased 1) the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in vivo and 2) the IP-10 level and CXCR3+ T lymphocyte numbers in the spleen and lung of mice. IP-10 could promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in vitro but not blood lymphocytes or lung-resident lymphocytes. AMG487, a potent inhibitor of binding between IP-10 and CXCR3, could block pulmonary IFN-γ instillation-induced chronic airway lymphocytic inflammation and the proliferation of IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes in mouse spleens. In conclusion, intrapulmonary IFN-γ instillation may induce the proliferation of splenic IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes through IP-10 and the CXCR3 pathway. The IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes in blood, partly released from the mouse spleen, may be partly attracted to the lung by pulmonary IP-10 through the CXCR3 pathway. IFN-γ-producing T lymphocytes and IFN-γ in the lung may cause chronic airway lymphocytic inflammation and chronic cough hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu W, Huo G, Chen P. Clinical benefit of pembrolizumab in treatment of first line non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:458. [PMID: 37202730 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pembrolizumab has become an integral first line therapeutic agent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its potential predictive role in clinical and molecular characteristics remains to be clarified. Accordingly, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical benefit of pembrolizumab in treatment of first line NSCLC and to select individuals with the greatest potential benefit from pembrolizumab therapy, in order to obtain a more accurate treatment of NSCLC in immunotherapy. METHODS Mainstream oncology datasets and conferences were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published before August 2022. RCTs involved individuals with first line NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. Two authors independently selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The basic characteristics of the included studies were recorded, along with 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) and hazard ratios (HR) for all patients and subgroups. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints was progression-free survival (PFS). Pooled treatment data were estimated using the inverse variance-weighted method. RESULTS Five RCTs involving 2,877 individuals were included in the study. Pembrolizumab-based therapy significantly improved OS (HR 0.66; CI 95%, 0.55-0.79; p < 0.00001) and PFS (HR 0.60; CI 95%, 0.40-0.91; p = 0.02) compared with chemotherapy. OS was substantially enhanced in individuals aged < 65 years (HR 0.59; CI 95%, 0.42-0.82; p = 0.002), males (HR 0.74; CI 95%, 0.65-0.83; p < 0.00001), with a smoking history (HR 0.65; CI 95%, 0.52-0.82; p = 0.0003), with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) < 1% (HR 0.55; CI 95%, 0.41-0.73; p < 0.0001) and TPS ≥ 50% (HR 0.66; CI 95%, 0.56-0.76; p < 0.00001), but not in individuals aged ≥ 75 years (HR 0.82; CI 95%, 0.56-1.21; p = 0.32), females (HR 0.57; CI 95%, 0.31-1.06; p = 0.08), never smokers (HR 0.57; CI 95%, 0.18-1.80; p = 0.34), or with TPS 1-49% (HR 0.72; CI 95%, 0.52-1.01; p = 0.06). Pembrolizumab significantly prolonged OS in NSCLC patients, regardless of histology type (squamous or non-squamous NSCLC), performance status (PS) (0 or 1), and brain metastatic status (all p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy had more favorable HR values than pembrolizumab monotherapy in improving the OS of individuals with different clinical and molecular features. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab-based therapy is a valuable option for first line treating advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Age, sex, smoking history and PD-L1 expression status can be used to predict the clinical benefit of pembrolizumab. Cautiousness was needed when using pembrolizumab in NSCLC patients aged ≥ 75 years, females, never smokers, or in patients with TPS 1-49%. Furthermore, pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy may be a more effective treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Gengwei Huo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Wang Y, Zheng J, Wang X, Yang P, Zhao D. Alveolar macrophages and airway hyperresponsiveness associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012048. [PMID: 36341376 PMCID: PMC9630648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous pathogen of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than 2 years of age, which is closely associated with recurrent wheezing and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Alveolar macrophages (AMs) located on the surface of the alveoli cavity are the important innate immune barrier in the respiratory tract. AMs are recognized as recruited airspace macrophages (RecAMs) and resident airspace macrophages (RAMs) based on their origins and roaming traits. AMs are polarized in the case of RSV infection, forming two macrophage phenotypes termed as M1-like and M2-like macrophages. Both M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages are involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses, among which M1 macrophages are capable of pro-inflammatory responses and M2 macrophages are capable of anti-proinflammatory responses and repair damaged tissues in the acute and convalescent phases of RSV infection. Polarized AMs affect disease progression through the alteration of immune cell surface phenotypes as well as participate in the regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation and the type of inflammatory response, which are closely associated with long-term AHR. In recent years, some progress have been made in the regulatory mechanism of AM polarization caused by RSV infection, which participates in acute respiratory inflammatory response and mediating AHR in infants. Here we summarized the role of RSV-infection-mediated AM polarization associated with AHR in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwen Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Children’s Digital Health and Data Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongchi Zhao, ; Pu Yang,
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Children’s Digital Health and Data Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongchi Zhao, ; Pu Yang,
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Li F, Li B, Niu X, Chen W, Li Y, Wu K, Li X, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Yi L. The Development of Classical Swine Fever Marker Vaccines in Recent Years. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040603. [PMID: 35455351 PMCID: PMC9026404 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe disease that has caused serious economic losses for the global pig industry and is widely prevalent worldwide. In recent decades, CSF has been effectively controlled through compulsory vaccination with a live CSF vaccine (C strain). It has been successfully eradicated in some countries or regions. However, the re-emergence of CSF in Japan and Romania, where it had been eradicated, has brought increased attention to the disease. Because the traditional C-strain vaccine cannot distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA), this makes it difficult to fight CSF. The emergence of marker vaccines is considered to be an effective strategy for the decontamination of CSF. This paper summarizes the progress of the new CSF marker vaccine and provides a detailed overview of the vaccine design ideas and immunization effects. It also provides a methodology for the development of a new generation of vaccines for CSF and vaccine development for other significant epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bingke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinni Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (L.Y.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.L.); (B.L.); (X.N.); (W.C.); (Y.L.); (K.W.); (X.L.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C.); +86-20-8528-8017 (L.Y.)
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Khan S, Dobrovolny HM. A study of the effects of age on the dynamics of RSV in animal models. Virus Res 2021; 304:198524. [PMID: 34329697 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus can cause severe illness and even death, particularly in infants. The increased severity of disease in young children is thought to be due to a lack of previous exposure to the virus as well as the limited immune response in infants. While studies have examined the clinical differences in disease between infants and adults, there has been limited examination of how the viral dynamics differ as infants develop. In this study, we apply a mathematical model to data from cotton rats and ferrets of different ages to assess how viral kinetics parameters change as the animals age. We find no clear trend in the viral decay rate, infecting time, and basic reproduction number as the animals age. We discuss possible reasons for the null result including the limited data, lack of detail of the mathematical model, and the limitations of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Khan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA.
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Selective reconstitution of IFN‑γ gene function in Ncr1+ NK cells is sufficient to control systemic vaccinia virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008279. [PMID: 32023327 PMCID: PMC7028289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ is an enigmatic cytokine that shows direct anti-viral effects, confers upregulation of MHC-II and other components relevant for antigen presentation, and that adjusts the composition and balance of complex cytokine responses. It is produced during immune responses by innate as well as adaptive immune cells and can critically affect the course and outcome of infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. To selectively analyze the function of innate immune cell-derived IFN-γ, we generated conditional IFN-γOFF mice, in which endogenous IFN-γ expression is disrupted by a loxP flanked gene trap cassette inserted into the first intron of the IFN-γ gene. IFN-γOFF mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre or CD4-Cre mice that express Cre mainly in NK cells (IFN-γNcr1-ON mice) or T cells (IFN-γCD4-ON mice), respectively. Rosa26RFP reporter mice intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice showed selective RFP expression in more than 80% of the NK cells, while upon intercrossing with CD4-Cre mice abundant RFP expression was detected in T cells, but also to a minor extent in other immune cell subsets. Previous studies showed that IFN-γ expression is needed to promote survival of vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. Interestingly, during VACV infection of wild type and IFN-γCD4-ON mice two waves of serum IFN-γ were induced that peaked on day 1 and day 3/4 after infection. Similarly, VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice mounted two waves of IFN-γ responses, of which the first one was moderately and the second one profoundly reduced when compared with WT mice. Furthermore, IFN-γNcr1-ON as well as IFN-γCD4-ON mice survived VACV infection, whereas IFN-γOFF mice did not. As expected, ex vivo analysis of splenocytes derived from VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice showed IFN-γ expression in NK cells, but not T cells, whereas IFN-γOFF mice showed IFN-γ expression neither in NK cells nor T cells. VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice mounted normal cytokine responses, restored neutrophil accumulation, and showed normal myeloid cell distribution in blood and spleen. Additionally, in these mice normal MHC-II expression was detected on peripheral macrophages, whereas IFN-γOFF mice did not show MHC-II expression on such cells. In conclusion, upon VACV infection Ncr1 positive cells including NK cells mount two waves of early IFN-γ responses that are sufficient to promote the induction of protective anti-viral immunity. Viral infections induce interferon (IFN) responses that constitute a first line of defense. Type II IFN (IFN-γ) is required for protection against lethal vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. To address the cellular origin of protective IFN-γ responses during VACV infection, we generated IFN-γOFF mice, in which the endogenous IFN-γ gene function can be reconstituted in a Cre-dependent manner. IFN-γOFF mice were intercrossed with Ncr1-Cre mice that express Cre selectively in Ncr1+ innate cell subsests such as NK cells. Surprisingly, VACV infected IFN-γNcr1-ON mice mounted two waves of IFN-γ responses. Reconstitution of innate IFN-γ was sufficient to restore cytokine responses that supported normal myeloid cell distribution and survival upon VACV infection. In conclusion, IFN-γ derived from Ncr1+ innate immune cells is sufficient to elicit fully effective immune responses upon VACV infection. Our new mouse model is suitable to further address the role of Ncr1+ cell-derived IFN-γ also in other models of infection, as well as of autoimmunity and cancer.
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Zhang L, Sun L, Yu J, Shan F, Zhang K, Pang X, Ma C, Zhang Y, Shen M, Ma S, Ruan S. Comparison of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors between Older and Younger Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9853701. [PMID: 31214620 PMCID: PMC6535828 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9853701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the fact that it is widely acknowledged that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) rely on the presence of immune response to take their antitumor effect, little is known whether there is an influence exerted on the efficacy of ICIs based on patients' age. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of ICIs between younger and older patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched online database and major conference proceedings for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published of ICIs and included RCTs that conducted subgroup comparisons of age with available combination of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Subsequently, we figured out the pooled HR and 95%CI in younger and older patients with a random-effects model and evaluated the within-study heterogeneity by using subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A total of 12 eligible RCTs included in our study, which reported OS according to patients' age. The overall estimated random-effects for HR was 0.75 with 95% CI of 0.65-0.87 in younger arm versus 0.81 with 95% CI of 0.72-0.92 in older arm. ICIs can improve OS for patients with advanced or metastatic lung cancer when compared to controls, especially for those patients with NSCLC, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, non-squamous, Pembrolizumab or Atezolizumab used as well as subsequent-line setting, and the magnitude of benefit in OS had comparable efficacy in both younger and older arms using a cut-off of 65 yr. Conversely, we also drew a statically significant conclusion that older patients failed to acquire benefit from ICIs when subdivided with a further cut-off of 75 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieru Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiyu Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Pang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghao Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhe Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang H, Wen W, Zhao Z, Wang J, Chen H, Qian P, Li X. Enhanced protective immunity to CSFV E2 subunit vaccine by using IFN-γ as immunoadjuvant in weaning piglets. Vaccine 2018; 36:7353-7360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pulmonary Susceptibility of Neonates to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Problem of Innate Immunity? J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:8734504. [PMID: 29250560 PMCID: PMC5700507 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8734504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common and highly contagious viral agent responsible for acute lower respiratory infection in infants. This pathology characterized by mucus hypersecretion and a disturbed T cell immune response is one of the major causes of infant hospitalization for severe bronchiolitis. Although different risk factors are associated with acute RSV bronchiolitis, the immunological factors contributing to the susceptibility of RSV infection in infants are not clearly elucidated. Epidemiological studies have established that the age at initial infection plays a central role in the severity of the disease. Thus, neonatal susceptibility is intrinsically linked to the immunological characteristics of the young pulmonary mucosa. Early life is a critical period for the lung development with the first expositions to external environmental stimuli and microbiota colonization. Furthermore, neonates display a lung immune system that profoundly differs to those from adults, with the predominance of type 2 immune cells. In this review, we discuss the latest information about the lung immune environment in the early period of life at a steady state and upon RSV infection and how we can modulate neonatal susceptibility to RSV infection.
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Eichinger KM, Empey KM. Data describing IFNγ-mediated viral clearance in an adult mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Data Brief 2017; 14:272-277. [PMID: 28861450 PMCID: PMC5567392 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented here are related to the research article entitled "Age predicts cytokine kinetics and innate immune cell activation following intranasal delivery of IFNγ and GM-CSF in a mouse model of RSV infection" (Eichinger et al., 2017) [1]. The cited manuscript demonstrated that the macrophage-stimulating cytokine, interferon gamma (IFNγ), but not granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), effectively enhanced viral clearance in infant mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) following intranasal delivery. This article describes the immune response and viral clearing effects of intranasal IFNγ in RSV-infected adult BALB/c mice demonstrating delayed production of endogenous IFNγ. The dataset is made publicly available to extrapolate the role of IFNγ in RSV-infected adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Eichinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kerry M Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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