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Yu J, Du Q, Li X, Wei W, Fan Y, Zhang J, Chen J. Potential role of endothelial progenitor cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of cerebral aneurysm. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1456775. [PMID: 39193428 PMCID: PMC11348393 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1456775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral aneurysm (CA) is a significant health concern that results from pathological dilations of blood vessels in the brain and can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions. While the pathogenesis of CA is complex, emerging studies suggest that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a crucial role. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to investigate the potential role of EPCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of CA. Current research indicates that a decreased count and dysfunction of EPCs disrupt the balance between endothelial dysfunction and repair, thus increasing the risk of CA formation. Reversing these EPCs abnormalities may reduce the progression of vascular degeneration after aneurysm induction, indicating EPCs as a promising target for developing new therapeutic strategies to facilitate CA repair. This has motivated researchers to develop novel treatment options, including drug applications, endovascular-combined and tissue engineering therapies. Although preclinical studies have shown promising results, there is still a considerable way to go before clinical translation and eventual benefits for patients. Nonetheless, these findings offer hope for improving the treatment and management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuncun Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Laifeng County People’s Hospital, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Grüter BE, Canzanella G, Hägler J, Rey J, Wanderer S, von Gunten M, Galvan JA, Grobholz R, Widmer HR, Remonda L, Andereggen L, Marbacher S. Topographic distribution of inflammation factors in a healing aneurysm. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:182. [PMID: 37533024 PMCID: PMC10394867 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healing of intracranial aneurysms following endovascular treatment relies on the organization of early thrombus into mature scar tissue and neointima formation. Activation and deactivation of the inflammation cascade plays an important role in this process. In addition to timely evolution, its topographic distribution is hypothesized to be crucial for successful aneurysm healing. METHODS Decellularized saccular sidewall aneurysms were created in Lewis rats and coiled. At follow-up (after 3 days (n = 16); 7 days (n = 19); 21 days (n = 8)), aneurysms were harvested and assessed for healing status. In situ hybridization was performed for soluble inflammatory markers (IL6, MMP2, MMP9, TNF-α, FGF23, VEGF), and immunohistochemical analysis to visualize inflammatory cells (CD45, CD3, CD20, CD31, CD163, HLA-DR). These markers were specifically documented for five regions of interest: aneurysm neck, dome, neointima, thrombus, and adjacent vessel wall. RESULTS Coiled aneurysms showed enhanced patterns of thrombus organization and neointima formation, whereas those without treatment demonstrated heterogeneous patterns of thrombosis, thrombus recanalization, and aneurysm growth (p = 0.02). In coiled aneurysms, inflammation markers tended to accumulate inside the thrombus and in the neointima (p < 0.001). Endothelial cells accumulated directly in the neointima (p < 0.0001), and their presence was associated with complete aneurysm healing. CONCLUSION The presence of proinflammatory cells plays a crucial role in aneurysm remodeling after coiling. Whereas thrombus organization is hallmarked by a pronounced intra-thrombotic inflammatory reaction, neointima maturation is characterized by direct invasion of endothelial cells. Knowledge concerning topographic distribution of regenerative inflammatory processes may pave the way for future treatment modalities which enhance aneurysm healing after endovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil E Grüter
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Aarau, C/o NeuroResearch Office,Tellstrasse 1, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Gwendoline Canzanella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Hägler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Rey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wanderer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael von Gunten
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology Laenggasse, Ittigen, Switzerland
| | - José A Galvan
- Translational Research Unit (TRU), Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Grobholz
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Rudolf Widmer
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Remonda
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Aarau, C/o NeuroResearch Office,Tellstrasse 1, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Andereggen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serge Marbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Program for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Li S, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Chen F. Integrative analysis of multi-omics data to identify three immune-related genes in the formation and progression of intracranial aneurysms. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1001-1019. [PMID: 37014439 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) has increased globally. We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify key biomarkers associated with IA formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a comprehensive analysis combined with multi-omics data and methods to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) and immunocytes involved in IAs. Functional enrichment analyses showed enhanced immune responses and suppressed organizations of extracellular matrix (ECM) during aneurysm progression. xCell analyses showed that the abundance of B cells, macrophages, mast cells, and monocytes significantly increased from levels in control to unruptured aneurysms and to ruptured aneurysms. Of 21 IRGs identified by overlapping, a three-gene (CXCR4, S100B, and OSM) model was constructed through LASSO logistic regression. The diagnostic ability of the three biomarkers in discriminating aneurysms from the control samples demonstrated a favorable diagnostic value. Among the three genes, OSM and CXCR4 were up-regulated and hypomethylated in IAs, while S100B was down-regulated and hypermethylated. The expression of the three IRGs was further validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry and mouse IA model using scRNA-seq analysis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated heightened immune response and suppressed ECM organization in aneurysm formation and rupture. The three-gene immune-related signature (CCR4, S100B, and OSM) model may facilitate IA diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Street, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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4
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Cayron AF, Morel S, Allémann E, Bijlenga P, Kwak BR. Imaging of intracranial aneurysms in animals: a systematic review of modalities. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:56. [PMID: 36786880 PMCID: PMC9928939 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-01953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) animal models are paramount to study IA pathophysiology and to test new endovascular treatments. A number of in vivo imaging modalities are available to characterize IAs at different stages of development in these animal models. This review describes existing in vivo imaging techniques used so far to visualize IAs in animal models. We systematically searched for studies containing in vivo imaging of induced IAs in animal models in PubMed and SPIE Digital library databases between 1 January 1945 and 13 July 2022. A total of 170 studies were retrieved and reviewed in detail, and information on the IA animal model, the objective of the study, and the imaging modality used was collected. A variety of methods to surgically construct or endogenously induce IAs in animals were identified, and 88% of the reviewed studies used surgical methods. The large majority of IA imaging in animals was performed for 4 reasons: basic research for IA models, testing of new IA treatment modalities, research on IA in vivo imaging of IAs, and research on IA pathophysiology. Six different imaging techniques were identified: conventional catheter angiography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, hemodynamic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence imaging. This review presents and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of all in vivo IA imaging techniques used in animal models to help future IA studies finding the most appropriate IA imaging modality and animal model to answer their research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Cayron
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences - Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Bijlenga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences - Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition related genes in unruptured aneurysms identified through weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:225. [PMID: 34997174 PMCID: PMC8741966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) can cause fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after rupture, and identifying patients with unruptured IAs is essential for reducing SAH fatalities. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be vital to IA progression. Here, identified key EMT-related genes in aneurysms and their pathogenic mechanisms via bioinformatic analysis. The GSE13353, GSE75436, and GSE54083 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed with limma to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among unruptured aneurysms, ruptured aneurysms, and healthy samples. The results revealed that three EMT-related DEGs (ADIPOQ, WNT11, and CCL21) were shared among all groups. Coexpression modules and hub genes were identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis, revealing two significant modules (red and green) and 14 EMT-related genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses suggested that cytokine interactions were closely related. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that unruptured aneurysms were enriched for the terms "inflammatory response" and "vascular endothelial growth". Protein-protein interaction analysis identified seven key genes, which were evaluated with the GSE54083 dataset to determine their sensitivity and specificity. In the external validation set, we verified the differential expression of seven genes in unruptured aneurysms and normal samples. Together, these findings indicate that FN1, and SPARC may help distinguish normal patients from patients with asymptomatic IAs.
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SDF-1α/CXCR4 Pathway Mediates Hemodynamics-Induced Formation of Intracranial Aneurysm by Modulating the Phenotypic Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:276-286. [PMID: 34173205 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the role of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway in the development of intracranial aneurysm (IA) induced by hemodynamic forces. We collected 12 IA and six superficial temporal artery samples for high-throughput sequencing, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry to examine vascular remodeling and determine the expression of the components of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway, structural proteins (α-SMA and calponin) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and inflammatory factors (MMP-2 and TNF-α). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used for hemodynamic analysis. Mouse IA model and dynamic co-culture model were established to explore the mechanism through which the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway regulates the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs in vivo and in vitro. We detected a significant elevation of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in IA, which was accompanied by vascular remodeling in the aneurysm wall (i.e., the upregulation of inflammatory factors, MMP-2 and TNF-α, and the downregulation of contractile markers, α-SMA and calponin). In addition, hemodynamic analysis revealed that compared with unruptured aneurysms, ruptured aneurysms were associated with lower wall shear stress and higher MMP-2 expression. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that abnormal hemodynamics could activate the SDF-1α/CXCR4, P38, and JNK signaling pathways to induce the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, leading to IA formation. Hemodynamics can induce the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs and cause IA by activating the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway.
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7
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Hoover C, Kondo Y, Shao B, McDaniel MJ, Lee R, McGee S, Whiteheart S, Bergmeier W, McEver RP, Xia L. Heightened activation of embryonic megakaryocytes causes aneurysms in the developing brain of mice lacking podoplanin. Blood 2021; 137:2756-2769. [PMID: 33619517 PMCID: PMC8138551 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During early embryonic development in mammals, including humans and mice, megakaryocytes (Mks) first originate from primitive hematopoiesis in the yolk sac. These embryonic Mks (eMks) circulate in the vasculature with unclear function. Herein, we report that podoplanin (PDPN), the ligand of C-type lectin-like receptor (CLEC-2) on Mks/platelets, is temporarily expressed in neural tissue during midgestation in mice. Loss of PDPN or CLEC-2 resulted in aneurysms and spontaneous hemorrhage, specifically in the lower diencephalon during midgestation. Surprisingly, more eMks/platelets had enhanced granule release and localized to the lower diencephalon in mutant mouse embryos than in wild-type littermates before hemorrhage. We found that PDPN counteracted the collagen-1-induced secretion of angiopoietin-1 from fetal Mks, which coincided with enhanced TIE-2 activation in aneurysm-like sprouts of PDPN-deficient embryos. Blocking platelet activation prevented the PDPN-deficient embryo from developing vascular defects. Our data reveal a new role for PDPN in regulating eMk function during midgestation.
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MESH Headings
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/embryology
- Aneurysm, Ruptured/etiology
- Angiopoietin-1/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/embryology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/embryology
- Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology
- Collagen/pharmacology
- Diencephalon/blood supply
- Diencephalon/embryology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gestational Age
- Intracranial Aneurysm/embryology
- Intracranial Aneurysm/etiology
- Intracranial Aneurysm/genetics
- Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology
- Lectins, C-Type/deficiency
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Megakaryocytes/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Platelet Activation
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptor, TIE-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Michael J McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Robert Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics-UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Sidney Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics-UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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8
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Wang J, Tannous BA, Poznansky MC, Chen H. CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 (plerixafor): From an impurity to a therapeutic agent. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105010. [PMID: 32544428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AMD3100 (plerixafor), a CXCR4 antagonist, has opened a variety of avenues for potential therapeutic approaches in different refractory diseases. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and its signaling pathways are involved in diverse disorders including HIV-1 infection, tumor development, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, WHIM Syndrome, and so on. The mechanisms of action of AMD3100 may relate to mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells, blocking infection of X4 HIV-1, increasing circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and enhancing cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in tumors. Here, we first revisit the pharmacological discovery of AMD3100. We then review monotherapy of AMD3100 and combination use of AMD3100 with other agents in various diseases. Among those, we highlight the perspective of AMD3100 as an immunomodulator to regulate immune responses particularly in the tumor microenvironment and synergize with other therapeutics. All the pre-clinical studies support the clinical testing of the monotherapy and combination therapies with AMD3100 and further development for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Huabiao Chen
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Villadolid C, Puccini B, Dennis B, Gunnin T, Hedigan C, Cardinal KO. Custom tissue engineered aneurysm models with varying neck size and height for early stage in vitro testing of flow diverters. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:34. [PMID: 32172490 PMCID: PMC7072062 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endovascular techniques for treating cerebral aneurysms are rapidly advancing and require testing to optimize device configurations. The purpose of this work was to customize tissue-engineered aneurysm "blood vessel mimics" (aBVMs) for early stage in vitro assessment of vascular cell responses to flow diverters and other devices. Aneurysm scaffolds with varying neck size and height were created through solid modeling, mold fabrication, mandrel creation, and electrospinning. Scaffold dimensions and fiber morphology were characterized. aBVMs were created by depositing human smooth muscle and endothelial cells within scaffolds, and cultivating within perfusion bioreactors. These vessels were left untreated or used for flow diverter implantation. Cellular responses to flow diverters were evaluated at 3 days. Custom scaffolds were created with aneurysm neck diameters of 2.3, 3.5, and 5.5 mm and with aneurysm heights of 2, 5, and 8 mm. A set of scaffolds with varying neck size was used for aBVM creation, and dual-sodding of endothelial and smooth muscle cells resulted in consistent and confluent cellular linings. Flow diverters were successfully implanted in a subset of aBVMs, and initial cell coverage over devices was seen in the parent vessel at 3 days. Direct visualization of the device over the neck region was feasible, supporting the future use of these models for evaluating and comparing flow diverter healing. Tissue-engineered aneurysm models can be created with custom neck sizes and heights, and used to evaluate cellular responses to flow diverters and other endovascular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Villadolid
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Cal Poly, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Brandon Puccini
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Cal Poly, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Benjamin Dennis
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Cal Poly, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Tessa Gunnin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Cal Poly, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Conor Hedigan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Cal Poly, 1 Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
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