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Forgie AJ, Pepin DM, Ju T, Tollenaar S, Sergi CM, Gruenheid S, Willing BP. Over supplementation with vitamin B12 alters microbe-host interactions in the gut leading to accelerated Citrobacter rodentium colonization and pathogenesis in mice. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:21. [PMID: 36737826 PMCID: PMC9896722 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 supplements typically contain doses that far exceed the recommended daily amount, and high exposures are generally considered safe. Competitive and syntrophic interactions for B12 exist between microbes in the gut. Yet, to what extent excessive levels contribute to the activities of the gut microbiota remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of B12 on microbial ecology using a B12 supplemented mouse model with Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse-specific pathogen. Mice were fed a standard chow diet and received either water or water supplemented with B12 (cyanocobalamin: ~120 μg/day), which equates to approximately 25 mg in humans. Infection severity was determined by body weight, pathogen load, and histopathologic scoring. Host biomarkers of inflammation were assessed in the colon before and after the pathogen challenge. RESULTS Cyanocobalamin supplementation enhanced pathogen colonization at day 1 (P < 0.05) and day 3 (P < 0.01) postinfection. The impact of B12 on gut microbial communities, although minor, was distinct and attributed to the changes in the Lachnospiraceae populations and reduced alpha diversity. Cyanocobalamin treatment disrupted the activity of the low-abundance community members of the gut microbiota. It enhanced the amount of interleukin-12 p40 subunit protein (IL12/23p40; P < 0.001) and interleukin-17a (IL-17A; P < 0.05) in the colon of naïve mice. This immune phenotype was microbe dependent, and the response varied based on the baseline microbiota. The cecal metatranscriptome revealed that excessive cyanocobalamin decreased the expression of glucose utilizing genes by C. rodentium, a metabolic attribute previously associated with pathogen virulence. CONCLUSIONS Oral vitamin B12 supplementation promoted C. rodentium colonization in mice by altering the activities of the Lachnospiraceae populations in the gut. A lower abundance of select Lachnospiraceae species correlated to higher p40 subunit levels, while the detection of Parasutterella exacerbated inflammatory markers in the colon of naïve mice. The B12-induced change in gut ecology enhanced the ability of C. rodentium colonization by impacting key microbe-host interactions that help with pathogen exclusion. This research provides insight into how B12 impacts the gut microbiota and highlights potential consequences of disrupting microbial B12 competition/sharing through over-supplementation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Deanna M Pepin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tollenaar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Peng C, Wu Y, Ding X, Chen D, Zeng C, Xu L, Guo W. Characteristic Cytokine Profiles of Aqueous Humor in Glaucoma Secondary to Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:4. [PMID: 32117217 PMCID: PMC7008723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) are susceptible to ocular complications, and among them, glaucoma is one of the most frequent forms. In current study, we utilized multiplex human cytokine antibody array to simultaneously measure the concentration of 40 cytokines in aqueous humor (AH) of patients with SWS-induced glaucoma (SG), or from patients with senile cataract as controls. Compared with the control group, levels of interleukin (IL)-12p40, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1d, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), IL-5, IL-7, interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), and B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC) in AH were significantly higher in SG group. Samples from SG patients displayed significantly lower levels of MIP-1b, IL-6, MIP-1a, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 than controls. Further analysis showed that IL-7, MIP-1a, TNF-a were positively correlated with intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with early-onset SG. Moreover, IL-12p40 was negatively correlated with age in patients with SG. These cytokines may make contributions to the immunopathogenesis or progression of glaucoma in patients with SWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuming Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjuan Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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