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Peng M, Meng H, Wang J, Guo M, Li T, Qian X, Chen R, Jin H, Huang C. p27 specifically decreases in squamous carcinoma, and mediates NNK-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18577. [PMID: 39099000 PMCID: PMC11298314 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with cigarette smoking being the most critical factor, linked to nearly 90% of lung cancer cases. NNK, a highly carcinogenic nitrosamine found in tobacco, is implicated in the lung cancer-causing effects of cigarette smoke. Although NNK is known to mutate or activate certain oncogenes, its potential interaction with p27 in modulating these carcinogenic effects is currently unexplored. Recent studies have identified specific downregulation of p27 in human squamous cell carcinoma, in contrast to adenocarcinoma. Additionally, exposure to NNK significantly suppresses p27 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Subsequent studies indicates that the downregulation of p27 is pivotal in NNK-induced cell transformation. Mechanistic investigations have shown that reduced p27 expression leads to increased level of ITCH, which facilitates the degradation of Jun B protein. This degradation in turn, augments miR-494 expression and its direct regulation of JAK1 mRNA stability and protein expression, ultimately activating STAT3 and driving cell transformation. In summary, our findings reveal that: (1) the downregulation of p27 increases Jun B expression by upregulating Jun B E3 ligase ITCH, which then boosts miR-494 transcription; (2) Elevated miR-494 directly binds to 3'-UTR of JAK1 mRNA, enhancing its stability and protein expression; and (3) The JAK1/STAT3 pathway is a downstream effector of p27, mediating the oncogenic effect of NNK in lung cancer. These findings provide significant insight into understanding the participation of mechanisms underlying p27 inhibition of NNK induced lung squamous cell carcinogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Tengda Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaohui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ruifan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Honglei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)WenzhouZhejiangChina
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Jia J, Zhou X, Chu Q. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospect of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in liver cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5. [PMID: 38519710 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) poses a significant global health challenge due to its high incidence and poor prognosis. Current systemic treatment options, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and immunotherapy, have shown limited effectiveness for advanced LC patients. Moreover, owing to the heterogeneous nature of LC, it is crucial to uncover more in-depth pathogenic mechanisms and develop effective treatments to address the limitations of the existing therapeutic modalities. Increasing evidence has revealed the crucial role of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in the pathogenesis of LC. The specific mechanisms driving the JAK-STAT pathway activation in LC, participate in a variety of malignant biological processes, including cell differentiation, evasion, anti-apoptosis, immune escape, and treatment resistance. Both preclinical and clinical investigations on the JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors have exhibited potential in LC treatment, thereby opening up avenues for the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies for LC. In this study, we provide an overview of the JAK-STAT pathway, delving into the composition, activation, and dynamic interplay within the pathway. Additionally, we focus on the molecular mechanisms driving the aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in LC. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advancements in targeting the JAK-STAT pathway for LC treatment. The insights presented in this review aim to underscore the necessity of research into the JAK-STAT signaling pathway as a promising avenue for LC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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3
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Zhao R, Hu Z, Zhang X, Huang S, Yu G, Wu Z, Yu W, Lu J, Ruan B. The oncogenic mechanisms of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in digestive tract tumors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:68. [PMID: 38273295 PMCID: PMC10809652 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract tumors are heterogeneous and involve the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays a notable role in the oncogenesis of digestive tract tumors. Typically activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, it regulates important biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and inflammation. The aberrant activation of this pathway manifests in different forms, including mutations in JAKs, overexpression of cytokine receptors, and sustained STAT activation, and contributes to promoting the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, including uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, acquisition of stem-like properties, and drug resistance. Numerous studies have shown that aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is closely related to the development and progression of digestive tract tumors, contributing to tumor survival, angiogenesis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and even immune escape processes. In addition, this signaling pathway also affects the sensitivity of digestive tract tumors to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the oncogenic mechanisms underlying the JAK-STAT pathway in order to develop effective therapeutic strategies against digestive tract tumors. Currently, several JAK-STAT inhibitors are undergoing clinical and preclinical trials as potential treatments for various human diseases. However, further investigation is required to determine the role of this pathway, as well as the effectiveness and safety of its inhibitors, especially in the context of digestive tract tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure, classic activation, and negative regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Furthermore, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling in different digestive tract tumors, with the aim of identifying potential novel therapeutic targets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhangmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Guodong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Wang L, Yue Y, Zhang L, Jing M, Ma M, Liu C, Li Y, Xu S, Wang K, Wang X, Fan J, Zhang M. PAQR5 inhibits the growth and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1317-1332. [PMID: 37126128 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a high degree of malignancy and poor overall prognosis in advanced and metastatic patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to find new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ccRCC. The expression of progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 5 (PAQR5) is significantly downregulated in ccRCC compared with normal tissues, but its specific mechanism and potential biological function in ccRCC remain unclear. METHODS The expression pattern of PAQR5 and the correlation between the PAQR5 expression and clinicopathological parameters and various survival periods in ccRCC patients were analyzed by using multiple public databases and ccRCC tissues chip. Its prognostic value was analyzed by univariate/multivariate Cox regression. In addition, MTT assay, EdU staining assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, transwell migration and invasion assay, colony formation assay, immunofluorescence assay, and a xenograft tumor model were conducted to assess the biological function of PAQR5 in ccRCC in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our results indicated that the downregulation of PAQR5 was demonstrated in ccRCC tumor tissues and associated with poorer OS, DSS, and PFI. Meanwhile, the univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that PAQR5 might serve as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC, and its low expression was tightly correlated with tumor progression and distant metastasis. Mechanistically, a series of gain- and loss-of-function assay revealed that PAQR5 could suppress the ccRCC proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the tumor suppressor role of PAQR5 in ccRCC. PAQR5 is a valuable prognostic biomarker for ccRCC and may provide new strategies for clinical targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangyang Yue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minxuan Jing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghai Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhai Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of education, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Zhang M, Meng Y, Ying Y, Zhou P, Zhang S, Fang Y, Yao Y, Li D. Selective activation of STAT3 and STAT5 dictates the fate of myeloid progenitor cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:274. [PMID: 37507383 PMCID: PMC10382539 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular programs that govern the directed differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells are still poorly defined. Using a previously established immortalized, phenotypically normal myeloid progenitor cell model mEB8-ER, we unveil a new mechanism mediated by STAT5 and STAT3 at a bifurcation point of myeloid progenitor cell-fate specification. We find that myeloid progenitor cells can spontaneously differentiate into neutrophils with a basal level of STAT3 phosphorylation, which is enhanced by G-CSF treatment or STAT3 over-expression, leading to elevated neutrophil differentiation. Reduced STAT3 phosphorylation caused by GM-CSF treatment, STAT3 specific inhibitor, or STAT3 depletion leads to attenuated myeloid differentiation into neutrophils, while elevating differentiation into monocytes/macrophages. In contrast, STAT5 appears to have an antagonistic function to STAT3. When activated by GM-CSF, STAT5 promotes myeloid differentiation into monocytes/macrophages but inhibits neutrophil differentiation. At the mechanistic level, GM-CSF activates STAT5 to up-regulate SOCS3, which attenuates STAT3 phosphorylation and consequently neutrophil differentiation, while enhancing monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT5 and STAT3 in primary myeloid progenitors recapitulates the results from the mEB8-ER model. Together, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into myeloid differentiation and may prove useful for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to abnormal myeloid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxia Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suning Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Massoumi H, Amin S, Soleimani M, Momenaei B, Ashraf MJ, Guaiquil VH, Hematti P, Rosenblatt MI, Djalilian AR, Jalilian E. Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Therapeutics in Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9006. [PMID: 37240353 PMCID: PMC10219002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as promising candidates for developing novel therapeutics for a wide range of pathologies, including ocular disorders, due to their ability to deliver a diverse array of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to recipient cells. Recent studies have shown that EVs derived from various cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), retinal pigment epithelium cells, and endothelial cells, have therapeutic potential in ocular disorders, such as corneal injury and diabetic retinopathy. EVs exert their effects through various mechanisms, including promoting cell survival, reducing inflammation, and inducing tissue regeneration. Furthermore, EVs have shown promise in promoting nerve regeneration in ocular diseases. In particular, EVs derived from MSCs have been demonstrated to promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery in various animal models of optic nerve injury and glaucoma. EVs contain various neurotrophic factors and cytokines that can enhance neuronal survival and regeneration, promote angiogenesis, and modulate inflammation in the retina and optic nerve. Additionally, in experimental models, the application of EVs as a delivery platform for therapeutic molecules has revealed great promise in the treatment of ocular disorders. However, the clinical translation of EV-based therapies faces several challenges, and further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to fully explore the therapeutic potential of EVs in ocular disorders and to address the challenges for their successful clinical translation. In this review, we will provide an overview of different types of EVs and their cargo, as well as the techniques used for their isolation and characterization. We will then review the preclinical and clinical studies that have explored the role of EVs in the treatment of ocular disorders, highlighting their therapeutic potential and the challenges that need to be addressed for their clinical translation. Finally, we will discuss the future directions of EV-based therapeutics in ocular disorders. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of EV-based therapeutics in ophthalmic disorders, with a focus on their potential for nerve regeneration in ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Massoumi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Sohil Amin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
| | - Bita Momenaei
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
| | - Victor H. Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mark I. Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
| | - Ali R. Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.M.)
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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7
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Shahi A, Kahle J, Hopkins C, Diakonova M. The SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 target JAK2 to centrosome and regulate cell growth and centrosome amplification. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261098. [PMID: 35089929 PMCID: PMC8797172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 is cytokine-activated non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Although JAK2 is mainly localized at the plasma membrane, it is also present on the centrosome. In this study, we demonstrated that JAK2 localization to the centrosome depends on the SH2 domain and intact kinase activity. We created JAK2 mutants deficient in centrosomal localization ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E). We showed that JAK2 WT clone strongly enhances cell proliferation as compared to control cells while JAK2 clones ΔSH2, K882E and (ΔSH2, K882E) proliferate slower than JAK2 WT cells. These mutant clones also progress much slower through the cell cycle as compared to JAK2 WT clone and the enhanced proliferation of JAK2 WT cells is accompanied by increased S -> G2 progression. Both the SH2 domain and the kinase activity of JAK2 play a role in prolactin-dependent activation of JAK2 substrate STAT5. We showed that JAK2 is an important regulator of centrosome function as the SH2 domain of JAK2 regulates centrosome amplification. The cells overexpressing ΔSH2 and (ΔSH2, K-E) JAK2 have almost three-fold the amplified centrosomes of WT cells. In contrast, the kinase activity of JAK2 is dispensable for centrosome amplification. Our observations provide novel insight into the role of SH2 domain and kinase activity of JAK2 in centrosome localization of JAK2 and in the regulation of cell growth and centrosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashirwad Shahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Jacob Kahle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Chandler Hopkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Maria Diakonova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Peluzzo AM, Autieri MV. Challenging the Paradigm: Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins and Angiogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030587. [PMID: 35159396 PMCID: PMC8834461 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a vital biological process, and neovascularization is essential for the development, wound repair, and perfusion of ischemic tissue. Neovascularization and inflammation are independent biological processes that are linked in response to injury and ischemia. While clear that pro-inflammatory factors drive angiogenesis, the role of anti-inflammatory interleukins in angiogenesis remains less defined. An interleukin with anti-inflammatory yet pro-angiogenic effects would hold great promise as a therapeutic modality to treat many disease states where inflammation needs to be limited, but revascularization and reperfusion still need to be supported. As immune modulators, interleukins can polarize macrophages to a pro-angiogenic and reparative phenotype, which indirectly influences angiogenesis. Interleukins could also potentially directly induce angiogenesis by binding and activating its receptor on endothelial cells. Although a great deal of attention is given to the negative effects of pro-inflammatory interleukins, less is described concerning the potential protective effects of anti-inflammatory interleukins on various disease processes. To focus this review, we will consider IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-19, and IL-33 to be anti-inflammatory interleukins, all of which have recognized immunomodulatory effects. This review will summarize current research concerning anti-inflammatory interleukins as potential drivers of direct and indirect angiogenesis, emphasizing their role in future therapeutics.
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9
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Richter WF, Shah RN, Ruthenburg AJ. Non-canonical H3K79me2-dependent pathways promote the survival of MLL-rearranged leukemia. eLife 2021; 10:64960. [PMID: 34263728 PMCID: PMC8315800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MLL-rearranged leukemia depends on H3K79 methylation. Depletion of this transcriptionally activating mark by DOT1L deletion or high concentrations of the inhibitor pinometostat downregulates HOXA9 and MEIS1, and consequently reduces leukemia survival. Yet, some MLL-rearranged leukemias are inexplicably susceptible to low-dose pinometostat, far below concentrations that downregulate this canonical proliferation pathway. In this context, we define alternative proliferation pathways that more directly derive from H3K79me2 loss. By ICeChIP-seq, H3K79me2 is markedly depleted at pinometostat-downregulated and MLL-fusion targets, with paradoxical increases of H3K4me3 and loss of H3K27me3. Although downregulation of polycomb components accounts for some of the proliferation defect, transcriptional downregulation of FLT3 is the major pathway. Loss-of-FLT3-function recapitulates the cytotoxicity and gene expression consequences of low-dose pinometostat, whereas overexpression of constitutively active STAT5A, a target of FLT3-ITD-signaling, largely rescues these defects. This pathway also depends on MLL1, indicating combinations of DOT1L, MLL1 and FLT3 inhibitors should be explored for treating FLT3-mutant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Richter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Rohan N Shah
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Alexander J Ruthenburg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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10
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Zhao Q, Bi Y, Zhong J, Li X, Guo J, Liu YX, Pan LR, Tan Y, Deng ZS, Yu XJ. 10,11-dehydrocurvularin exerts antitumor effect against human breast cancer by suppressing STAT3 activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:791-800. [PMID: 32868906 PMCID: PMC8115668 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in many types of cancers. As a result, STAT3 has been identified as a potential target for cancer therapy. In this study we identified 10,11-dehydrocurvularin (DCV), a natural-product macrolide derived from marine fungus, as a selective STAT3 inhibitor. We showed that DCV (2-8 μM) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, and induced cell apoptosis. In the two breast cancer cell lines, DCV selectively inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 Tyr-705, but did not affect the upstream components JAK1 and JAK2, as well as dephosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, DCV treatment strongly inhibited IFN-γ-induced STAT3 phosphorylation but had no significant effect on IFN-γ-induced STAT1 and STAT5 phosphorylation in the two breast cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of DCV was essential for STAT3 inactivation. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) further revealed the direct engagement of DCV with STAT3. In nude mice bearing breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 xenografts, treatment with DCV (30 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip, for 14 days) markedly suppressed the tumor growth via inhibition of STAT3 activation without observed toxicity. Our results demonstrate that DCV acts as a selective STAT3 inhibitor for breast cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yun Bi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Ying-Xiang Liu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Long-Rui Pan
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Zhang-Shuang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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11
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Wang M, Chen L, Chen Y, Wei R, Guo Q, Zhu S, Guo S, Zhu S, Zhang S, Min L. Intracellular matrix Gla protein promotes tumor progression by activating JAK2/STAT5 signaling in gastric cancer. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1045-1058. [PMID: 32086862 PMCID: PMC7191194 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) has been widely reported as an extracellular matrix protein with abnormal expression in various types of cancer. However, the function of intracellular MGP in gastric cancer (GC) cells remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated aberrantly high expression of intracellular MGP in GC as compared to adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset analysis suggested a positive correlation between MGP overexpression and unfavorable prognosis. MGP silencing reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival in GC cell lines. Gene set enrichment analysis of TCGA dataset indicated significant enrichment of the IL2-STAT5 signaling in MGP-high GC patients. Immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation showed that MGP binds to p-STAT5 in the nuclei of GC cells. Furthermore, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays indicated that MGP acts as a transcriptional co-activator through the enhancement of STAT5 binding to target gene promoters. Use of STAT5 inhibitor revealed that the oncogenic functions of intracellular MGP mainly depend on the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that intracellular MGP promotes proliferation and survival of GC cells by acting as a transcriptional co-activator of STAT5. The detected aberrant, high MGP expression in GC tissues highlights MGP as a potential new prognostic biomarker in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizhu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical CollegeInner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotouChina
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Digestive DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical CollegeInner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotouChina
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Qingdong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Shengquan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Shuilong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
| | - Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing Digestive Disease CenterBeijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive DiseaseBeijingChina
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12
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Merkling SH, Raquin V, Dabo S, Henrion-Lacritick A, Blanc H, Moltini-Conclois I, Frangeul L, Varet H, Saleh MC, Lambrechts L. Tudor-SN Promotes Early Replication of Dengue Virus in the Aedes aegypti Midgut. iScience 2020; 23:100870. [PMID: 32059176 PMCID: PMC7054812 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by mosquito-borne viruses have been on the rise for the last decades, and novel methods aiming to use laboratory-engineered mosquitoes that are incapable of carrying viruses have been developed to reduce pathogen transmission. This has stimulated efforts to identify optimal target genes that are naturally involved in mosquito antiviral defenses or required for viral replication. Here, we investigated the role of a member of the Tudor protein family, Tudor-SN, upon dengue virus infection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Tudor-SN knockdown reduced dengue virus replication in the midgut of Ae. aegypti females. In immunofluorescence assays, Tudor-SN localized to the nucleolus in both Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus cells. A reporter assay and small RNA profiling demonstrated that Tudor-SN was not required for RNA interference function in vivo. Collectively, these results defined a novel proviral role for Tudor-SN upon early dengue virus infection of the Ae. aegypti midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hélène Merkling
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Raquin
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, UMR3569, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Lionel Frangeul
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, UMR3569, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756, CNRS, Paris, France; Plate-forme Technologique Biomics - Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, UMR3569, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Institut Pasteur, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France.
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13
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Tolomeo M, Meli M, Grimaudo S. STAT5 and STAT5 Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:2036-2046. [PMID: 31490767 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190906160848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway is an important physiologic regulator of different cellular functions including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and immunological responses. Out of six different STAT proteins, STAT5 plays its main role in hematopoiesis and constitutive STAT5 activation seems to be a key event in the pathogenesis of several hematological malignancies. This has led many researchers to develop compounds capable of inhibiting STAT5 activation or interfering with its functions. Several anti-STAT5 molecules have shown potent STAT5 inhibitory activity in vitro. However, compared to the large amount of clinical studies with JAK inhibitors that are currently widely used in the clinics to treat myeloproliferative disorders, the clinical trials with STAT5 inhibitors are very limited. At present, a few STAT5 inhibitors are in phase I or II clinical trials for the treatment of leukemias and graft vs host disease. These studies seem to indicate that such compounds could be well tolerated and useful in reducing the occurrence of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. Of interest, STAT5 seems to play an important role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal suggesting that combination therapies including STAT5 inhibitors can erode the cancer stem cell pool and possibly open the way for the complete cancer eradication. In this review, we discuss the implication of STAT5 in hematological malignancies and the results obtained with the novel STAT5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Tolomeo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Meli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Rivera P, Ramírez‐López MT, Vargas A, Decara J, Vázquez M, Arco R, Gómez de Heras R, Argente J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Chowen JA, Suárez J. Perinatal free-choice of a high-calorie low-protein diet affects leptin signaling through IRS1 and AMPK dephosphorylation in the hypothalami of female rat offspring in adulthood. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13244. [PMID: 30589509 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate whether a dysregulated maternal diet during gestation and lactation induces long-lasting changes in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior in the offspring and whether this effect is sex specific. METHODS The study included an analysis of appetite-regulating metabolic hormones and hypothalamic signaling in male and female offspring in adulthood after exposure to a free-choice high-calorie palatable low-protein (P) diet or standard chow (C) during (pre)gestation/lactation (maternal) and/or postweaning (offspring). RESULTS Maternal exposure to the P diet resulted in decreased protein intake and body weight gain in dams and decreased body weight gain in offspring during lactation. The maternal P diet (PC) specifically increased feed efficacy and decreased body weight and cholesterol levels in the female offspring in adulthood, but no changes in adiposity or leptin levels were found. In contrast, P diet exposure after weaning (CP and PP) increased caloric intake, adiposity and circulating levels of leptin in the male and female offspring in adulthood. The hypothalami of the female offspring exposed to the maternal P diet (PC and PP) expressed high levels of the phospho-leptin receptor and low levels of SOCS3, phospho-IRS1 and phospho-AMPK, regardless of the postweaning diet. The hypothalami of the female rats in the PC group also showed increased levels of STAT3 and the orexigenic neuropeptide Agrp. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to a free-choice high-calorie low-protein diet induces a long-term feed efficacy associated with changes in leptin signaling through IRS-1 and AMPK dephosphorylation in the hypothalami of female offspring in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación Biomédica la Princesa Madrid Spain
| | - María T. Ramírez‐López
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Complutense de Madrid Pozuelo de Alarcón Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe Getafe (Madrid) Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Mariam Vázquez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Rocío Arco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez de Heras
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Complutense de Madrid Pozuelo de Alarcón Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación Biomédica la Princesa Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Madrid Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC Madrid Spain
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Complutense de Madrid Pozuelo de Alarcón Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Instituto de Investigación Biomédica la Princesa Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) Madrid Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
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15
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Bitar M, Boldt A, Freitag MT, Gruhn B, Köhl U, Sack U. Evaluating STAT5 Phosphorylation as a Mean to Assess T Cell Proliferation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:722. [PMID: 31024554 PMCID: PMC6460883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present a simple and sensitive flow cytometric-based assay to assess T cell proliferation. Given the critical role STAT5A phosphorylation in T cell proliferation, we decided to evaluate phosphorylation of STAT5A as an indicator of T cell proliferation. We determined pSTAT5A in T cell treated with either CD3/CD28 or PHA. After stimulation, T cells from adult healthy donors displayed a strong long-lasting phosphorylation of STAT5A, reaching a peak value after 24 h. The median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of pSTAT5A increased from 112 ± 17 to 512 ± 278 (CD3/CD28) (24 h) and to 413 ± 123 (PHA) (24 h), the IL-2 receptor-α (CD25) expression was greatly enhanced and after 72 h T cell proliferation amounted to 52.3 ± 10.3% (CD3/CD28) and to 48.4 ± 9.7% (PHA). Treatment with specific JAK3 and STAT5 inhibitors resulted in a complete blockage of phosphorylation of STAT5A, CD25 expression, and suppression of T cell proliferation. Compared with currently available methods, STAT5A phosphorylation is well-suited to predict T cell proliferation. Moreover, the method presented here is not very time consuming (several hours) and delivers functional information from which conclusions about T cell proliferation can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bitar
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Freitag
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Gruhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Immunology and Cell Therapy (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Nabavi SM, Ahmed T, Nawaz M, Devi KP, Balan DJ, Pittalà V, Argüelles-Castilla S, Testai L, Khan H, Sureda A, de Oliveira MR, Vacca RA, Xu S, Yousefi B, Curti V, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Filosa R, Nabavi SF, Majidinia M, Dehpour AR, Shirooie S. Targeting STATs in neuroinflammation: The road less traveled! Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:73-84. [PMID: 30550953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK/STAT transduction pathway is a highly conserved pathway implicated in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this pathway is involved in the onset of autoimmune, haematological, oncological, metabolic and neurological diseases. Over the last few years, the research of anti-neuroinflammatory agents has gained considerable attention. The ability to diminish the STAT-induced transcription of inflammatory genes is documented for both natural compounds (such as polyphenols) and chemical drugs. Among polyphenols, quercetin and curcumin directly inhibit STAT, while Berberis vulgaris L. and Sophora alopecuroides L extracts act indirectly. Also, the Food and Drug Administration has approved several JAK/STAT inhibitors (direct or indirect) for treating inflammatory diseases, indicating STAT can be considered as a therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory pathologies. Considering the encouraging data obtained so far, clinical trials are warranted to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential use in the clinical practice of STAT inhibitors to treat inflammation-associated neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Nawaz
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devasahayam Jaya Balan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, via Bonanno 6 - 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Suowen Xu
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Appia Str, Apollosa, BN 82030, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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17
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Koblish H, Li YL, Shin N, Hall L, Wang Q, Wang K, Covington M, Marando C, Bowman K, Boer J, Burke K, Wynn R, Margulis A, Reuther GW, Lambert QT, Dostalik Roman V, Zhang K, Feng H, Xue CB, Diamond S, Hollis G, Yeleswaram S, Yao W, Huber R, Vaddi K, Scherle P. Preclinical characterization of INCB053914, a novel pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, alone and in combination with anticancer agents, in models of hematologic malignancies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199108. [PMID: 29927999 PMCID: PMC6013247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Proviral Integration site of Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) serine/threonine protein kinases are overexpressed in many hematologic and solid tumor malignancies and play central roles in intracellular signaling networks important in tumorigenesis, including the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. The three PIM kinase isozymes (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) share similar downstream substrates with other key oncogenic kinases and have differing but mutually compensatory functions across tumors. This supports the therapeutic potential of pan-PIM kinase inhibitors, especially in combination with other anticancer agents chosen based on their role in overlapping signaling networks. Reported here is a preclinical characterization of INCB053914, a novel, potent, and selective adenosine triphosphate-competitive pan-PIM kinase inhibitor. In vitro, INCB053914 inhibited proliferation and the phosphorylation of downstream substrates in cell lines from multiple hematologic malignancies. Effects were confirmed in primary bone marrow blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated ex vivo and in blood samples from patients receiving INCB053914 in an ongoing phase 1 dose-escalation study. In vivo, single-agent INCB053914 inhibited Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein phosphorylation and dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth in acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma xenografts. Additive or synergistic inhibition of tumor growth was observed when INCB053914 was combined with selective PI3Kδ inhibition, selective JAK1 or JAK1/2 inhibition, or cytarabine. Based on these data, pan-PIM kinase inhibitors, including INCB053914, may have therapeutic utility in hematologic malignancies when combined with other inhibitors of oncogenic kinases or standard chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Koblish
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yun-long Li
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Niu Shin
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Leslie Hall
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Qian Wang
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kathy Wang
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | | | - Cindy Marando
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Jason Boer
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Krista Burke
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Richard Wynn
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Alex Margulis
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Reuther
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Que T. Lambert
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Ke Zhang
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Hao Feng
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Chu-Biao Xue
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Sharon Diamond
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Greg Hollis
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Swamy Yeleswaram
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Reid Huber
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Kris Vaddi
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Peggy Scherle
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
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18
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Bridges RJ, Bradbury NA. Cystic Fibrosis, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator and Drugs: Insights from Cellular Trafficking. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 245:385-425. [PMID: 29460152 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell is organized into membrane-delineated compartments that are characterized by specific cadres of proteins sustaining biochemically distinct cellular processes. The appropriate subcellular localization of proteins is key to proper organelle function and provides a physiological context for cellular processes. Disruption of normal trafficking pathways for proteins is seen in several genetic diseases, where a protein's absence for a specific subcellular compartment leads to organelle disruption, and in the context of an individual, a disruption of normal physiology. Importantly, several drug therapies can also alter protein trafficking, causing unwanted side effects. Thus, a deeper understanding of trafficking pathways needs to be appreciated as novel therapeutic modalities are proposed. Despite the promising efficacy of novel therapeutic agents, the intracellular bioavailability of these compounds has proved to be a potential barrier, leading to failures in treatments for various diseases and disorders. While endocytosis of drug moieties provides an efficient means of getting material into cells, the subsequent release and endosomal escape of materials into the cytosol where they need to act has been a barrier. An understanding of cellular protein/lipid trafficking pathways has opened up strategies for increasing drug bioavailability. Approaches to enhance endosomal exit have greatly increased the cytosolic bioavailability of drugs and will provide a means of investigating previous drugs that may have been shelved due to their low cytosolic concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Bridges
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neil A Bradbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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19
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Wang K, Deng X, Shen Z, Jia Y, Ding R, Li R, Liao X, Wang S, Ha Y, Kong Y, Wu Y, Guo J, Jie W. High glucose promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulating proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88320-88331. [PMID: 29179437 PMCID: PMC5687607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (Pim-1) plays an essential role in arterial wall cell proliferation and associated vascular diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and aortic wall neointima formation. Here we tested a role of Pim-1 in high-glucose (HG)-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Pim-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression levels in arterial samples from streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia rats were increased, compared with their weak expression in normoglycemic groups. In cultured rat VSMCs, HG led to transient Pim-1 expression decline, followed by sustained expression increase at both transcriptional and translational levels. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that HG increased the expression of the 33-kDa isoform of Pim-1, but at much less extent to its 44-kDa plasma membrane isoform. D-glucose at a concentration of 25 mmol/L showed highest activity in stimulating Pim-1 expression. Both Pim-1 inhibitor quercetagetin and STAT3 inhibitor stattic significantly attenuated HG-induced VSMC proliferation and arrested cell cycle progression at the G1 phase. Quercetagetin showed no effect on Pim-1 expression but decreased the phosphorylated-Bad (T112)/Bad ratio in HG-treated VSMCs. However, stattic decreased phosphorylated-STAT3 (Y705) levels and caused transcriptional and translational down-regulation of Pim-1 in HG-treated VSMCs. Our findings suggest HG-mediated Pim-1 expression contributes to VSMC proliferation, which may be partly due to the activation of STAT3/Pim-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Jia
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Ding
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Liao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Ha
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yueqiong Kong
- Cardiovascular Institute of 1st Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Yuyou Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute of 1st Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Junli Guo
- Cardiovascular Institute of 1st Affiliated Hospital & Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
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20
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Tahara T, Streit U, Pelish HE, Shair MD. STAT3 Inhibitory Activity of Structurally Simplified Withaferin A Analogues. Org Lett 2017; 19:1538-1541. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ursula Streit
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Henry E. Pelish
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew D. Shair
- Department of Chemistry
and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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21
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Bernardes N, Ayyappan P, De Angelis K, Bagchi A, Akolkar G, da Silva Dias D, Belló-Klein A, Singal PK. Excessive consumption of fructose causes cardiometabolic dysfunctions through oxidative stress and inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1078-1090. [PMID: 28187269 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid rise in obesity, as well as physical inactivity, in industrialized countries is associated with fructose-consumption-mediated metabolic syndrome having a strong association with cardiovascular disease. Although insulin resistance is thought to be at the core, visceral obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia are also considered important components of this metabolic disorder. In addition, various other abnormalities such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of uric acid are also part of this syndrome. Lifestyle changes through improved physical activity, as well as nutrition, are important approaches to minimize metabolic syndrome and its deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Bernardes
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prathapan Ayyappan
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katia De Angelis
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ashim Bagchi
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gauri Akolkar
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- a Universidade Nove de Julho, Diretoria de Mestrado, Av. Francisco Matatazzo, 612, 10 andar, Centro de Pos Graduacao Stricto Sensu, Barra Funda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- c Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pawan K Singal
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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22
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[STAT3 activation by hypoxia in in vitro models of cervix cancer and endothelial cells]. BIOMEDICA 2017; 37:119-130. [PMID: 28527256 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i2.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The biological behavior of cancer cells is influenced by the tumor microenvironment in which they develop. In this context, stressor stimuli such as hypoxia are considered critical for tumor development and therapeutic management. Cellular response to various stimuli is evidenced in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, which is one of the most important for its effects in differentiation and cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the condition of the JAK/STAT pathway through the expression/activation of the STAT3 protein in cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) subjected to hypoxia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell lines were subjected to physical (1% O2) or chemical (deferoxamine, DFO, 100 μM) hypoxia for 2, 6 and 24 hours. Changes in the expression and activation of STAT3, and its subcellular localization by indirect immunofluorescence, were determined by western blot. RESULTS Hypoxia was evidenced by the activation and translocation to the nucleus of HIF-1. Neither physical nor chemical hypoxia altered STAT3 expression, but it did affect its activation, as seen in its phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus in the two models under study. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the importance of hypoxia as a stimulus that modifies the activation of the STAT3 protein in HeLa and EA.hy926 cells, which makes it an important factor in the design of therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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23
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Zerif E, Maalem A, Gaudreau S, Guindi C, Ramzan M, Véroneau S, Gris D, Stankova J, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Mourad W, Dupuis G, Amrani A. Constitutively active Stat5b signaling confers tolerogenic functions to dendritic cells of NOD mice and halts diabetes progression. J Autoimmun 2017; 76:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Fahrenkamp D, Li J, Ernst S, Schmitz-Van de Leur H, Chatain N, Küster A, Koschmieder S, Lüscher B, Rossetti G, Müller-Newen G. Intramolecular hydrophobic interactions are critical mediators of STAT5 dimerization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35454. [PMID: 27752093 PMCID: PMC5067585 DOI: 10.1038/srep35454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5 is an essential transcription factor in hematopoiesis, which is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation in response to cytokine stimulation. Constitutive activation of STAT5 is a hallmark of myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. Using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, a model of the STAT5 phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interface was generated providing first structural information on the activated STAT5 dimer including a sequence, for which no structural information is available for any of the STAT proteins. We identified a novel intramolecular interaction mediated through F706, adjacent to the phosphotyrosine motif, and a unique hydrophobic interface on the surface of the SH2 domain. Analysis of corresponding STAT5 mutants revealed that this interaction is dispensable for Epo receptor-mediated phosphorylation of STAT5 but essential for dimer formation and subsequent nuclear accumulation. Moreover, the herein presented model clarifies molecular mechanisms of recently discovered leukemic STAT5 mutants and will help to guide future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Fahrenkamp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jinyu Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Küster
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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25
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Zeya B, Arjuman A, Chandra NC. Lectin-like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor (LOX-1): A Chameleon Receptor for Oxidized LDL. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4437-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Zeya
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Albina Arjuman
- Division of P&I, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Nimai Chand Chandra
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
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26
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Sachs Z, Been RA, DeCoursin KJ, Nguyen HT, Mohd Hassan NA, Noble-Orcutt KE, Eckfeldt CE, Pomeroy EJ, Diaz-Flores E, Geurts JL, Diers MD, Hasz DE, Morgan KJ, MacMillan ML, Shannon KM, Largaespada DA, Wiesner SM. Stat5 is critical for the development and maintenance of myeloproliferative neoplasm initiated by Nf1 deficiency. Haematologica 2016; 101:1190-1199. [PMID: 27418650 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.136002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by hyperactive RAS signaling. Neurofibromin1 (encoded by the NF1 gene) is a negative regulator of RAS activation. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 harbor loss-of-function mutations in NF1 and have a 200- to 500-fold increased risk of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia cells from patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia display hypersensitivity to certain cytokines, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor utilizes pre-associated JAK2 to initiate signals after ligand binding. JAK2 subsequently activates STAT5, among other downstream effectors. Although STAT5 is gaining recognition as an important mediator of growth factor signaling in myeloid leukemias, the contribution of STAT5 to the development of hyperactive RAS-initiated myeloproliferative disease has not been well described. In this study, we investigated the consequence of STAT5 attenuation via genetic and pharmacological approaches in Nf1-deficient murine models of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. We found that homozygous Stat5 deficiency extended the lifespan of Nf1-deficient mice and eliminated the development of myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with Nf1 gene loss. Likewise, we found that JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib attenuated myeloproliferative neoplasm in Nf1-deficient mice. Finally, we found that primary cells from a patient with KRAS-mutant juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia displayed reduced colony formation in response to JAK2 inhibition. Our findings establish a central role for STAT5 activation in the pathogenesis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and suggest that targeting this pathway may be of clinical utility in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Sachs
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raha A Been
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Comparative and Molecular Biosciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Hanh T Nguyen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Klara E Noble-Orcutt
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Craig E Eckfeldt
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emily J Pomeroy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ernesto Diaz-Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Geurts
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Miechaleen D Diers
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Diane E Hasz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly J Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Margaret L MacMillan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen M Wiesner
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Center for Allied Health Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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27
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Chemical and Hormonal Effects on STAT5b-Dependent Sexual Dimorphism of the Liver Transcriptome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150284. [PMID: 26959237 PMCID: PMC4784907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)-activated transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b) is a key regulator of sexually dimorphic gene expression in the liver. Suppression of hepatic STAT5b signaling is associated with lipid metabolic dysfunction leading to steatosis and liver cancer. In the companion publication, a STAT5b biomarker gene set was identified and used in a rank-based test to predict both increases and decreases in liver STAT5b activation status/function with high (≥ 97%) accuracy. Here, this computational approach was used to identify chemicals and hormones that activate (masculinize) or suppress (feminize) STAT5b function in a large, annotated mouse liver and primary hepatocyte gene expression compendium. Exposure to dihydrotestosterone and thyroid hormone caused liver masculinization, whereas glucocorticoids, fibroblast growth factor 15, and angiotensin II caused liver feminization. In mouse models of diabetes and obesity, liver feminization was consistently observed and was at least partially reversed by leptin or resveratrol exposure. Chemical-induced feminization of male mouse liver gene expression profiles was a relatively frequent phenomenon: of 156 gene expression biosets from chemically-treated male mice, 29% showed feminization of liver STAT5b function, while <1% showed masculinization. Most (93%) of the biosets that exhibited feminization of male liver were also associated with activation of one or more xenobiotic-responsive receptors, most commonly constitutive activated receptor (CAR) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Feminization was consistently associated with increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) but not other lipogenic transcription factors linked to steatosis. GH-activated STAT5b signaling in mouse liver is thus commonly altered by diverse chemicals, and provides a linkage between chemical exposure and dysregulated gene expression associated with adverse effects on the liver.
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28
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Langenfeld F, Guarracino Y, Arock M, Trouvé A, Tchertanov L. How Intrinsic Molecular Dynamics Control Intramolecular Communication in Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Factor STAT5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145142. [PMID: 26717567 PMCID: PMC4696835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription STAT5 is a key mediator of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. While STAT5 activity is tightly regulated in normal cells, its constitutive activation directly contributes to oncogenesis and is associated with a broad range of hematological and solid tumor cancers. Therefore the development of compounds able to modulate pathogenic activation of this protein is a very challenging endeavor. A crucial step of drug design is the understanding of the protein conformational features and the definition of putative binding site(s) for such modulators. Currently, there is no structural data available for human STAT5 and our study is the first footprint towards the description of structure and dynamics of this protein. We investigated structural and dynamical features of the two STAT5 isoforms, STAT5a and STAT5b, taken into account their phosphorylation status. The study was based on the exploration of molecular dynamics simulations by different analytical methods. Despite the overall folding similarity of STAT5 proteins, the MD conformations display specific structural and dynamical features for each protein, indicating first, sequence-encoded structural properties and second, phosphorylation-induced effects which contribute to local and long-distance structural rearrangements interpreted as allosteric event. Further examination of the dynamical coupling between distant sites provides evidence for alternative profiles of the communication pathways inside and between the STAT5 domains. These results add a new insight to the understanding of the crucial role of intrinsic molecular dynamics in mediating intramolecular signaling in STAT5. Two pockets, localized in close proximity to the phosphotyrosine-binding site and adjacent to the channel for communication pathways across STAT5, may constitute valid targets to develop inhibitors able to modulate the function-related communication properties of this signaling protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Langenfeld
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs applications, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Yann Guarracino
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Alain Trouvé
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs applications, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Luba Tchertanov
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs applications, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
- * E-mail:
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29
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Xiao MY, Shen YM, Zeng Y, Huang QQ, Xu JF, Xu MH. Expression of Pim-1 in classically activated macrophages induced with lipopolysaccharides. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3510-3516. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i22.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the expression of Pim-1 mRNA and protein during the activation of macrophage and to assess whether inhibition of four key signaling molecules phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and ERK kinase (MEK1/2) may influence the expression of Pim-1 protein.
METHODS: Pim-1 mRNA and protein expression was examined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively, in macrophage cells treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. After macrophage cells were treated with inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002), P38MAPK (SB203580), MEK1/2 (AG490) or JAK2 (AG490), LPS induced up-regulation of Pim-1 expression was examined by Western blot.
RESULTS: Expression of Pim-1 changed with the time of LPS treatment. Pim-1 mRNA and protein expression was rapidly induced after LPS treatment for 1 h. Pim-1 mRNA expression reached the peak at 2 h (six-fold of the basal level), and fell back to the basal level at 12 h. Pim-1 expression was on the constant rise from 1 h to 8 h, and dropped to the basic level at 12 h. All inhibitors of the four key signaling molecules down-regulated LPS induced expression of Pim-1 protein.
CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of Pim-1 is an early event of classical activation of macrophages. Inhibitors for PI3K, P38MAPK, JAK2 and MEK1/2 suppress Pim-1 protein expression. Pim-1 may be the downstream signal molecule of PI3K, P38MAPK, JAK2 and MEK1/2 signalling pathway.
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Pertovaara M, Silvennoinen O, Isomäki P. STAT-5 is activated constitutively in T cells, B cells and monocytes from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:29-38. [PMID: 25736842 PMCID: PMC4469153 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) have been shown to be markedly increased in the salivary gland epithelial cells of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The present aim was to investigate the activation status of different STAT proteins in peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes and monocytes, and their correlations with clinical parameters in patients with pSS. To this end, PB samples were drawn from 16 patients with active pSS and 16 healthy blood donors, and the phosphorylation of STAT-1, -3, -4, -5 and -6 proteins was studied in T cells, B cells and monocytes using multi-colour flow cytometry. In addition, mRNA expression of STAT molecules in PB mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Basal phosphorylation of STAT-5 was found to be significantly higher in PB T cells, B cells and monocytes in patients with pSS than in healthy controls. The expression of STAT-5 mRNA was not increased in PBMC. pSTAT-5 levels in B cells and monocytes showed a significant correlation with serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels and anti-SSB antibody titres. Constitutive STAT-5 activation in monocytes and CD4(+) T cells was associated with purpura. There were no major differences in the activation of other STATs between pSS patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, STAT-5 is activated constitutively in PB leucocytes in patients with pSS, and basal STAT-5 phosphorylation seems to associate with hypergammaglobulinaemia, anti-SSB antibody production and purpura.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pertovaara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Tampere University Hospital
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | - O Silvennoinen
- School of Medicine, University of TampereTampere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
| | - P Isomäki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Tampere University Hospital
- School of Medicine, University of TampereTampere
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Eriocalyxin B Inhibits STAT3 Signaling by Covalently Targeting STAT3 and Blocking Phosphorylation and Activation of STAT3. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128406. [PMID: 26010889 PMCID: PMC4444003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated STAT3 plays an important role in oncogenesis by stimulating cell proliferation and resisting apoptosis. STAT3 therefore is an attractive target for cancer therapy. We have screened a traditional Chinese herb medicine compound library and found Eriocalyxin B (EB), a diterpenoid from Isodon eriocalyx, as a specific inhibitor of STAT3. EB selectively inhibited constitutive as well as IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and induced apoptosis of STAT3-dependent tumor cells. EB did not affect the upstream protein tyrosine kinases or the phosphatase (PTPase) of STAT3, but rather interacted directly with STAT3. The effects of EB could be abolished by DTT or GSH, suggesting a thiol-mediated covalent linkage between EB and STAT3. Site mutagenesis of cysteine in and near the SH2 domain of STAT3 identified Cys712 to be the critical amino acid for the EB-induced inactivation of STAT3. Furthermore, LC/MS/MS analyses demonstrated that an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl of EB covalently interacted with the Cys712 of STAT3. Computational modeling analyses also supported a direct interaction between EB and the Cys712 of STAT3. These data strongly suggest that EB directly targets STAT3 through a covalent linkage to inhibit the phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 and induces apoptosis of STAT3-dependent tumor cells.
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Stat5 Exerts Distinct, Vital Functions in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Bcr-Abl+ K562 and Jak2(V617F)+ HEL Leukemia Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:503-37. [PMID: 25809097 PMCID: PMC4381271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stats) play central roles in the conversion of extracellular signals, e.g., cytokines, hormones and growth factors, into tissue and cell type specific gene expression patterns. In normal cells, their signaling potential is strictly limited in extent and duration. The persistent activation of Stat3 or Stat5 is found in many human tumor cells and contributes to their growth and survival. Stat5 activation plays a pivotal role in nearly all hematological malignancies and occurs downstream of oncogenic kinases, e.g., Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemias (CML) and Jak2(V617F) in other myeloproliferative diseases (MPD). We defined the mechanisms through which Stat5 affects growth and survival of K562 cells, representative of Bcr-Abl positive CML, and HEL cells, representative for Jak2(V617F) positive acute erythroid leukemia. In our experiments we suppressed the protein expression levels of Stat5a and Stat5b through shRNA mediated downregulation and demonstrated the dependence of cell survival on the presence of Stat5. Alternatively, we interfered with the functional capacities of the Stat5 protein through the interaction with a Stat5 specific peptide ligand. This ligand is a Stat5 specific peptide aptamer construct which comprises a 12mer peptide integrated into a modified thioredoxin scaffold, S5-DBD-PA. The peptide sequence specifically recognizes the DNA binding domain (DBD) of Stat5. Complex formation of S5-DBD-PA with Stat5 causes a strong reduction of P-Stat5 in the nuclear fraction of Bcr-Abl-transformed K562 cells and a suppression of Stat5 target genes. Distinct Stat5 mediated survival mechanisms were detected in K562 and Jak2(V617F)-transformed HEL cells. Stat5 is activated in the nuclear and cytosolic compartments of K562 cells and the S5-DBD-PA inhibitor most likely affects the viability of Bcr-Abl+ K562 cells through the inhibition of canonical Stat5 induced target gene transcription. In HEL cells, Stat5 is predominantly present in the cytoplasm and the survival of the Jak2(V617F)+ HEL cells is impeded through the inhibition of the cytoplasmic functions of Stat5.
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Genetic variation and effects of candidate-gene polymorphisms on coagulation properties, curd firmness modeling and acidity in milk from Brown Swiss cows. Animal 2015; 9:1104-12. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lee SI, Jeon MH, Kim JS, Park JK, Park EW, Jeon IS, Byun SJ. The miR-302 cluster transcriptionally regulated by POUV, SOX and STAT5B controls the undifferentiated state through the post-transcriptional repression of PBX3 and E2F7 in early chick development. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:1103-14. [PMID: 25394196 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Early chick development is a systematic process governed by the concerted action of multiple mechanisms that regulate transcription and post-transcriptional processes. Post-transcriptional microRNA-mediated regulation, with regard to lineage specification and differentiation in early chick development, requires further investigation. Here, we characterize the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms in undifferentiated chick blastodermal cells. Expression of the miR-302 cluster, POUV, SOX2, and STAT5B decreased in a time-dependent manner in early chick development. We found that POUV, SOX2, and STAT5B regulate the transcription of the miR-302 cluster, as its 5'-flanking region contains binding elements for each transcription factor. Additionally, POUV, SOX2, and STAT5B maintain pluripotency by regulating genes containing the miR-302 cluster target sequence. For example, microRNAs from the miR-302 cluster can bind to PBX3 and E2F7 transcripts, thus acting as a post-transcriptional regulator that maintains the undifferentiated state of blastodermal cells by balancing the expression of genes related to pluripotency and differentiation. Based on these results, we suggest that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the miR302 cluster is critical for intrinsically controlling the undifferentiated state of chick embryonic blastodermal cells. These findings may help our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie developmental decisions during early chick development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang In Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Republic of Korea
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36
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Boehm ME, Adlung L, Schilling M, Roth S, Klingmüller U, Lehmann WD. Identification of Isoform-Specific Dynamics in Phosphorylation-Dependent STAT5 Dimerization by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry and Mathematical Modeling. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5685-94. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5006923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susanne Roth
- Systems
Bioinformatics, Netherlands Institute for Systems Biology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Berger A, Sexl V, Valent P, Moriggl R. Inhibition of STAT5: a therapeutic option in BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9564-76. [PMID: 25333255 PMCID: PMC4259420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The two transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B are central signaling molecules in leukemias driven by Abelson fusion tyrosine kinases and they fulfill all criteria of drug targets. STAT5A and STAT5B display unique nuclear shuttling mechanisms and they have a key role in resistance of leukemic cells against treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Moreover, STAT5A and STAT5B promote survival of leukemic stem cells. We here discuss the possibility of targeting up-stream kinases with TKI, direct STAT5 inhibition via SH2 domain obstruction and blocking nuclear translocation of STAT5. All discussed options will result in a stop of STAT5 transport to the nucleus to block STAT5-mediated transcriptional activity. In summary, recently described shuttling functions of STAT5 are discussed as potentially druggable pathways in leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Berger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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Schepers H, Wierenga ATJ, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ. STAT5-mediated self-renewal of normal hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:13-22. [PMID: 24058747 PMCID: PMC3670129 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.19316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The level of transcription factor activity critically regulates cell fate decisions such as hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The balance between hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation needs to be tightly controlled, as a shift toward differentiation might exhaust the stem cell pool, while a shift toward self-renewal might mark the onset of leukemic transformation. A number of transcription factors have been proposed to be critically involved in governing stem cell fate and lineage commitment, such as Hox transcription factors, c-Myc, Notch1, β-catenin, C/ebpα, Pu.1 and STAT5. It is therefore no surprise that dysregulation of these transcription factors can also contribute to the development of leukemias. This review will discuss the role of STAT5 in both normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells as well as mechanisms by which STAT5 might contribute to the development of human leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Schepers
- Department of Experimental Hematology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Stem Cell Biology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen, The Netherlands
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Allain A, Chauvot de Beauchêne I, Langenfeld F, Guarracino Y, Laine E, Tchertanov L. Allosteric pathway identification through network analysis: from molecular dynamics simulations to interactive 2D and 3D graphs. Faraday Discuss 2014; 169:303-21. [PMID: 25340971 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allostery is a universal phenomenon that couples the information induced by a local perturbation (effector) in a protein to spatially distant regulated sites. Such an event can be described in terms of a large scale transmission of information (communication) through a dynamic coupling between structurally rigid (minimally frustrated) and plastic (locally frustrated) clusters of residues. To elaborate a rational description of allosteric coupling, we propose an original approach - MOdular NETwork Analysis (MONETA) - based on the analysis of inter-residue dynamical correlations to localize the propagation of both structural and dynamical effects of a perturbation throughout a protein structure. MONETA uses inter-residue cross-correlations and commute times computed from molecular dynamics simulations and a topological description of a protein to build a modular network representation composed of clusters of residues (dynamic segments) linked together by chains of residues (communication pathways). MONETA provides a brand new direct and simple visualization of protein allosteric communication. A GEPHI module implemented in the MONETA package allows the generation of 2D graphs of the communication network. An interactive PyMOL plugin permits drawing of the communication pathways between chosen protein fragments or residues on a 3D representation. MONETA is a powerful tool for on-the-fly display of communication networks in proteins. We applied MONETA for the analysis of communication pathways (i) between the main regulatory fragments of receptors tyrosine kinases (RTKs), KIT and CSF-1R, in the native and mutated states and (ii) in proteins STAT5 (STAT5a and STAT5b) in the phosphorylated and the unphosphorylated forms. The description of the physical support for allosteric coupling by MONETA allowed a comparison of the mechanisms of (a) constitutive activation induced by equivalent mutations in two RTKs and (b) allosteric regulation in the activated and non-activated STAT5 proteins. Our theoretical prediction based on results obtained with MONETA was validated for KIT by in vitro experiments. MONETA is a versatile analytical and visualization tool entirely devoted to the understanding of the functioning/malfunctioning of allosteric regulation in proteins - a crucial basis to guide the discovery of next-generation allosteric drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Allain
- Bioinformatics, Molecular Dynamics & Modeling (BiMoDyM), Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA UMR8113 CNRS), École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
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40
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Dieudonne FX, Sévère N, Biosse-Duplan M, Weng JJ, Su Y, Marie PJ. Promotion of osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal cells through Cbl-mediated control of STAT5 activity. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1340-9. [PMID: 23533197 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the molecular mechanisms controlling the degradation of regulatory proteins in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may provide clues to promote MSC osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Ubiquitin ligase-dependent degradation of proteins is an important process governing cell fate. In this study, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl in MSC osteoblast differentiation and identified the mechanisms involved in this effect. Using distinct shRNA targeting c-Cbl, we showed that c-Cbl silencing promotes osteoblast differentiation in murine and human MSC, as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of phenotypic osteoblast marker genes (RUNX2, ALP, type 1 collagen), and matrix mineralization in vitro. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that c-Cbl interacts with the transcription factor STAT5, and that STAT5 forms a complex with RUNX2, a master transcription factor controlling osteoblastogenesis. Silencing c-Cbl decreased c-Cbl-mediated STAT5 ubiquitination, increased STAT5 protein level and phosphorylation, and enhanced STAT5 and RUNX2 transcriptional activity. The expression of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a target gene of STAT5, was increased by c-Cbl silencing in MSC and in bone marrow stromal cells isolated from c-Cbl deficient mice, suggesting that IGF-1 contributes to osteoblast differentiation induced by c-Cbl silencing in MSC. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of STAT5 activity, or neutralization of IGF-1 activity, abrogated the positive effect of c-Cbl knockdown on MSC osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, the data provide a novel functional mechanism by which the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl regulates the osteoblastic differentiation program in mesenchymal cells by controlling Cbl-mediated STAT5 degradation and activity.
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Pinz S, Unser S, Brueggemann S, Besl E, Al-Rifai N, Petkes H, Amslinger S, Rascle A. The synthetic α-bromo-2',3,4,4'-tetramethoxychalcone (α-Br-TMC) inhibits the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90275. [PMID: 24595334 PMCID: PMC3940872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT5 and its upstream activating kinase JAK2 are essential mediators of cytokine signaling. Their activity is normally tightly regulated and transient. However, constitutive activation of STAT5 is found in numerous cancers and a driving force for malignant transformation. We describe here the identification of the synthetic chalcone α-Br-2′,3,4,4′-tetramethoxychalcone (α-Br-TMC) as a novel JAK/STAT inhibitor. Using the non-transformed IL-3-dependent B cell line Ba/F3 and its oncogenic derivative Ba/F3-1*6 expressing constitutively activated STAT5, we show that α-Br-TMC targets the JAK/STAT pathway at multiple levels, inhibiting both JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Moreover, α-Br-TMC alters the mobility of STAT5A/B proteins in SDS-PAGE, indicating a change in their post-translational modification state. These alterations correlate with a decreased association of STAT5 and RNA polymerase II with STAT5 target genes in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Interestingly, expression of STAT5 target genes such as Cis and c-Myc was differentially regulated by α-Br-TMC in normal and cancer cells. While both genes were inhibited in IL-3-stimulated Ba/F3 cells, expression of the oncogene c-Myc was down-regulated and that of the tumor suppressor gene Cis was up-regulated in transformed Ba/F3-1*6 cells. The synthetic chalcone α-Br-TMC might therefore represent a promising novel anticancer agent for therapeutic intervention in STAT5-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Pinz
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Samy Unser
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Brueggemann
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Besl
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nafisah Al-Rifai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermina Petkes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Amslinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (AR); (SA)
| | - Anne Rascle
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (AR); (SA)
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SOCS3-mediated blockade reveals major contribution of JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway to lactation and proliferation of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells in vitro. Molecules 2013; 18:12987-3002. [PMID: 24141248 PMCID: PMC6270101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a cytokine-induced negative feedback-loop regulator of cytokine signaling. More and more evidence has proved it to be an inhibitor of signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5). Here, we used dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) to analyze the function of SOCS3 and the interaction between SOCS3 and STAT5a. The expression of SOCS3 was found in cytoplasm and nucleus of DCMECs by fluorescent immunostaining. Overexpression and inhibition of SOCS3 brought a remarkable milk protein synthesis change through the regulation of JAK2/STAT5a pathway activity, and SOCS3 expression also decreased SREBP-1c expression and fatty acid synthesis. Inhibited STAT5a activation correlated with reduced SOCS3 expression, which indicated that SOCS3 gene might be one of the targets of STAT5a activation, DCMECs treated with L-methionine (Met) resulted in a decrease of SOCS3 expression. SOCS3 could also decrease cell proliferation and viability by CASY-TT detection. Together, our findings indicate that SOCS3 acts as an inhibitor of JAK2/STAT5a pathway and disturbs fatty acid synthesis by decreasing SREBP-1c expression, which validates its involvement in both milk protein synthesis and fat synthesis. In aggregate, these results reveal that low SOCS3 expression is required for milk synthesis and proliferation of DCMECs in vitro.
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Ehmann MR, Goodenough CJ, Lotterman CD, Warrier RP. Concurrent JAK2(V617F) mutation and MTHFR(C677T) homozygosity in an adolescent with polycythemia vera: case report and discussion. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2013; 52:671-4. [PMID: 22626845 DOI: 10.1177/0009922812447280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Ehmann
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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44
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Junnila RK, Wu Z, Strasburger CJ. The role of human growth hormone's C-terminal disulfide bridge. Growth Horm IGF Res 2013; 23:62-67. [PMID: 23478141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human growth hormone (hGH), as well as the other members of the same polypeptide hormone family, have a four-helix bundle structure linked by two disulfide bridges, C53-C165 and C182-C189 in hGH. The C-terminal disulfide bridge of growth hormone is evolutionally conserved but its role is unknown. Our aim was to determine its importance for GH structure and/or function. DESIGN We disrupted the highly conserved C-terminal disulfide bridge of hGH by substituting one or both of its cysteines by alanines. Mutant and wild type hGH genes were expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells and the hGH analogs were characterized in vitro regarding biological activity, stability and binding to GH receptor (GHR) as well as GH binding protein (GHBP). RESULTS Disrupting the hGH C-terminal disulfide bridge significantly reduces binding affinity to GHR and GHBP. If one of the cysteines is removed, the stability of the molecule is reduced but this feature is reversed when both cysteines are absent. However, despite decreased binding affinity and stability, biological activity is only modestly decreased when the disulfide bridge is removed. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the importance of the C-terminal disulfide bridge of GH for receptor binding and the detrimental effect of its unpaired cysteines on stability as well as, to a lesser extent, biological activity. This improved knowledge of structure-function relationships helps better understand the biology of GH and related molecules. This could have an impact on diagnosis and treatment of patients with growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Junnila
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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45
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The role of low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW-PTP ACP1) in oncogenesis. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1979-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C, Carnero A. The PIM family of serine/threonine kinases in cancer. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:136-59. [PMID: 23576269 DOI: 10.1002/med.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The proviral insertion site in Moloney murine leukemia virus, or PIM proteins, are a family of serine/threonine kinases composed of three different isoforms (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) that are highly evolutionarily conserved. These proteins are regulated primarily by transcription and stability through pathways that are controlled by Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription, JAK/STAT, transcription factors. The PIM family proteins have been found to be overexpressed in hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and their roles in these tumors were confirmed in mouse tumor models. Furthermore, the PIM family proteins have been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, metabolism, cell cycle, and homing and migration, which has led to the postulation of these proteins as interesting targets for anticancer drug discovery. In the present work, we review the importance of PIM kinases in tumor growth and as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Narlik-Grassow
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
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Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C, Cecilia Y, Perez M, Muñoz-Galvan S, Cañamero M, Carnero A. Conditional transgenic expression of PIM1 kinase in prostate induces inflammation-dependent neoplasia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60277. [PMID: 23565217 PMCID: PMC3614961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pim proteins are a family of highly homologous protein serine/threonine kinases that have been found to be overexpressed in cancer. Elevated levels of Pim1 kinase were first discovered in human leukemia and lymphomas. However, more recently Pim1 was found to be increased in solid tumors, including pancreatic and prostate cancers, and has been proposed as a prognostic marker. Although the Pim kinases have been identified as oncogenes in transgenic models, they have weak transforming abilities on their own. However, they have been shown to greatly enhance the ability of other genes or chemical carcinogens to induce tumors. To explore the role of Pim1 in prostate cancer, we generated conditional Pim1 transgenic mice, expressed Pim1 in prostate epithelium, and analyzed the contribution of PIM1 to neoplastic initiation and progression. Accordingly, we explored the effect of PIM1 overexpression in 3 different settings: upon hormone treatment, during aging, and in combination with the absence of one Pten allele. We have found that Pim1 overexpression increased the severity of mouse prostate intraepithelial neoplasias (mPIN) moderately in all three settings. Furthermore, Pim1 overexpression, in combination with the hormone treatment, increased inflammation surrounding target tissues leading to pyelonephritis in transgenic animals. Analysis of senescence induced in these prostatic lesions showed that the lesions induced in the presence of inflammation exhibited different behavior than those induced in the absence of inflammation. While high grade prostate preneoplastic lesions, mPIN grades III and IV, in the presence of inflammation did not show any senescence markers and demonstrated high levels of Ki67 staining, untreated animals without inflammation showed senescence markers and had low levels of Ki67 staining in similar high grade lesions. Our data suggest that Pim1 might contribute to progression rather than initiation in prostate neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Narlik-Grassow
- Experimental Therapeutics programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cecilia
- Experimental Therapeutics programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Perez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Galvan
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Cañamero
- Biotechnology programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Role of Renin-Angiotensin system and oxidative stress on vascular inflammation in insulin resistence model. Int J Hypertens 2013; 2013:420979. [PMID: 23365721 PMCID: PMC3556445 DOI: 10.1155/2013/420979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) This study aims to demonstrate the causal involvement of renin angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress (OS) on vascular inflammation in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome (MS) achieved by fructose administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats (FFHR) during 12 weeks. (2) Chronic treatment with candesartan (C) (10 mg/kg per day for the last 6 weeks) or 4OH-Tempol (T) (10−3 mmol/L in drinking water for the last 6 weeks) reversed the increment in metabolic variables and systolic blood pressure. In addition, chronic C treatment reverted cardiovascular remodeling but not T. (3) Furthermore, chronic treatment with C was able to completely reverse the expression of NF-κB and VCAM-1, but T only reduced the expression. C reduced the expression of proatherogenic cytokines as CINC2, CINC3, VEGF, Leptin, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 and also significantly reduced MIP-3, beta-NGF, and INF-gamma in vascular tissue in this experimental model. T was not able to substantially modify the expression of these cytokines. (4) The data suggest the involvement of RAS in the expression of inflammatory proteins at different vascular levels, allowing the creation of a microenvironment suitable for the creation, perpetuation, growth, and destabilization of vascular injury.
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Kraskouskaya D, Duodu E, Arpin CC, Gunning PT. Progress towards the development of SH2 domain inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:3337-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35449k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Deangelis T, Quong A, Morrione A, Baserga R. Growth of v-src-transformed cells in serum-free medium through the induction of growth factors. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:1482-6. [PMID: 23254450 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The v-src oncogene is one of only two oncogenes capable of transforming mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking the IGF-IR gene (R-cells). R-/v-src cells grow robustly in the absence of serum, suggesting the hypothesis that they may produce one or more growth factors that would sustain their ability to proliferate in serum-free condition. Using proteomic approaches on serum-free conditioned media derived from v-src-transformed cells, we have identified two growth promoting factors: ostepontin and proliferin. Subsequent experiments have indicated that osteopontin plays a prevalent role in promoting growth of v-src-transformed cells in serum-deprived condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Deangelis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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