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Yu Q, Ding J, Li S, Li Y. Autophagy in cancer immunotherapy: Perspective on immune evasion and cell death interactions. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216856. [PMID: 38583651 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Both the innate and adaptive immune systems work together to produce immunity. Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to tumor suppression that has arisen in response to the ineffectiveness of traditional treatments like radiation and chemotherapy. On the other hand, immune evasion can diminish immunotherapy's efficacy. There has been a lot of focus in recent years on autophagy and other underlying mechanisms that impact the possibility of cancer immunotherapy. The primary feature of autophagy is the synthesis of autophagosomes, which engulf cytoplasmic components and destroy them by lysosomal degradation. The planned cell death mechanism known as autophagy can have opposite effects on carcinogenesis, either increasing or decreasing it. It is autophagy's job to maintain the balance and proper functioning of immune cells like B cells, T cells, and others. In addition, autophagy controls whether macrophages adopt the immunomodulatory M1 or M2 phenotype. The ability of autophagy to control the innate and adaptive immune systems is noteworthy. Interleukins and chemokines are immunological checkpoint chemicals that autophagy regulates. Reducing antigen presentation to induce immunological tolerance is another mechanism by which autophagy promotes cancer survival. Therefore, targeting autophagy is of importance for enhancing potential of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiajun Ding
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shisen Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Cellular Prion Protein Attenuates OGD/R-Induced Damage by Skewing Microglia toward an Anti-inflammatory State via Enhanced and Prolonged Activation of Autophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1297-1316. [PMID: 36441478 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of microglial pro/anti-inflammatory states and autophagy are promising new therapies for ischemic stroke, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The objective of the study is to determine the intrinsic role of PrPC (cellular prion protein) in the regulation of microglial inflammatory states and autophagy in ischemic stroke. PrPC was expressed in murine microglia, and an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was established in microglia of different PRNP genotypes. During reperfusion following OGD, wild-type (WT) microglia had significantly increased pro/anti-inflammatory microglial percentages and related cytokine [interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-gamma] release at reperfusion after 48 or 72 h. WT microglia also showed greater accumulation of the autophagy markers LC3B-II/I (microtubule-associated protein B-light chain 3), but not of p62 or LAMP1 (lysosome-associated membrane protein) at reperfusion after 24 h and 48 h. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 aggravated the OGD/R-induced pro-inflammatory state, and the effect of 3-methyladenine was significantly stronger than that of bafilomycin A1. Concomitantly, PRNP knockout shortened the accumulation of LC3B-II/I, suppressed microglial anti-inflammatory states, and further aggravated the pro-inflammatory states. Conversely, PRNP overexpression had the opposite effects. Bafilomycin A1 reversed the effect of PrPC on microglial inflammatory state transformation. Moreover, microglia with PRNP overexpression exhibited higher levels of LAMP1 expression in the control and OGD/R groups and delayed the OGD/R-induced decrease of LAMP1 to reperfusion after 48 h. PrPC attenuates OGD/R-induced damage by skewing microglia toward an anti-inflammatory state via enhanced and prolonged activation of autophagy.
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3
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Liu S, Huttad L, He G, He W, Liu C, Cai D, Chen H, Qiu J. Long noncoding RNA HULC regulates the NF-κB pathway and represents a promising prognostic biomarker in liver cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5124-5136. [PMID: 36213936 PMCID: PMC9972175 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a diverse array of biological processes. While lncRNAs are commonly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the specific regulatory roles they play in this oncogenic context require further study and clarification. Although HULC (lncRNA highly upregulated in liver cancer) is involved in disease pathogenesis, its precise role in this context remains unclear. METHODS Here, we have explored the mechanistic relevance of HULC expression by assessing its expression in patient samples. The importance of this lncRNA in the onset and progression of HCC was investigated through in vitro approaches including Western blotting, quantitative PCR, Transwell assays, electron microscopy, wound healing assays, and real-time cell analysis (RTCA). Additionally, the in vivo functions of this lncRNA were assessed using an orthotopic HCC xenograft in nude mouse model system. RESULTS HULC was identified as a lncRNA that is highly upregulated in human liver tumors. In vitro, HULC was able to promote HCC malignancy, although its excess overexpression also led robust autophagic induction, promoting the increased expression of autophagy-associated genes including LC3 and Beclin-1. At a mechanistic level, HULC was able to promote the phosphorylation of p65 and IkBkB thus enhancing autophagy by increasing LC3II levels in a manner dependent upon the NF-κB pathway. HULC downregulation was also linked to impaired orthotopic HCC tumor growth in vivo. The link between HULC and autophagy may play a role in disease progression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HULC is an oncogenic lncRNA, and may thus offer value as a prognostic biomarker and promoter of HCC development, in addition to being a potential therapeutic target in this cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Liu
- Medical Animal Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lakshmi Huttad
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Guifang He
- Medical Animal Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weitai He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changchang Liu
- Medical Animal Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Cai
- Medical Animal Lab, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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4
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Gong Z, Liu W, Song R, Dong W, Zhang K, Li J, Zou H, Zhu J, Ma Y, Liu G, Liu Z. Nuclear factor-kappaB mediates the survival of rat kidney cells after cadmium exposure via promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114465. [PMID: 38321684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal pollutant in the environment, and the kidney is one of the target organs after Cd exposure. Previous studies have shown that apoptosis and autophagy disorders are the main mechanisms of Cd-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. As a transcription factor that balances cell survival and death, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) protein plays dual regulatory effects on apoptosis and autophagy in multiple renal diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of NF-κB in Cd-induced kidney injury remain unclear. Therefore, the normal rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E cells) was applied to investigate the above questions in this study. Here, we found that Cd promotes the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB in a concentration-dependent manner, and activated NF-κB mediates NRK-52E cells survival after Cd exposure. Next, our study elaborated the mechanisms of NF-κB in antagonizing Cd-induced renal cytotoxicity. Inhibition of NF-κB by inhibitor BAY 11-7082 (BAY) and NF-κB p65 siRNA (siNF-κB p65) exacerbate Cd-induced apoptosis and autophagy inhibition, and then aggravate Cd-induced NRK-52E cells injury. Activation of NF-κB by activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) alleviates Cd-induced apoptosis and autophagy inhibition, and then attenuates Cd-induced NRK-52E cells injury. In conclusion, Cd exposure promotes the activation of NF-κB, and activated NF-κB mediates the survival of NRK-52E cells after Cd exposure via promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Kanglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Yangzhou, Jiangsu PR China.
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5
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Evaluating Whether Radiofrequency Irradiation Attenuated UV-B-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Increasing Melanosomal Autophagy and Decreasing Melanin Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910724. [PMID: 34639063 PMCID: PMC8509725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the degradation of melanosomes and the determination of skin color. TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling upregulates NF-kB expression, which is involved in the upregulation of mTOR. The activation of mTOR by UV-B exposure results in decreased autophagy, whereas radiofrequency (RF) irradiation decreases TLR4 and TNF receptor (TNFR) expression. We evaluated whether RF decreased skin pigmentation by restoring autophagy by decreasing the expression of TLR4 or TNFR/NF-κB/mTOR in the UV-B-irradiated animal model. UV-B radiation induced the expressions of TNFR, TLR, and NF-κB in the skin, which were all decreased by RF irradiation. RF irradiation also decreased phosphorylated mTOR expression and upregulated autophagy initiation factors such as FIP200, ULK1, ULK2, ATG13, and ATG101 in the UV-B-irradiated skin. Beclin 1 expression and the expression ratio of LC3-I to LC3-II were increased by UV-B/RF irradiation. Furthermore, melanin-containing autophagosomes increased with RF irradiation. Fontana-Masson staining showed that the amount of melanin deposition in the skin was decreased by RF irradiation. This study showed that RF irradiation decreased skin pigmentation by restoring melanosomal autophagy, and that the possible signal pathways which modulate autophagy could be TLR4, TNFR, NF-κB, and mTOR.
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6
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Wang Z, Wang G, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li H, Xie P, Wang Z. Omp31 of Brucella Inhibits NF-κB p65 Signaling Pathway by Inducing Autophagy in BV-2 Microglia. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3264-3272. [PMID: 34536195 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurobrucellosis is a serious central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorder caused by Brucella, and outer membrane protein-31 (Omp31) plays an important role in Brucella infection. This study aims to determine whether Omp31 can induce autophagy in BV-2 microglia. Another goal of the study is to further examine the effect of autophagy on the nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) p65 signaling pathway. We observed that Omp31 stimulated autophagy by increasing microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B-II) levels and inducing autophagosome formation at 6 h and 12 h. Concomitantly, Omp31 induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in a time-dependent manner but reduced the expression of TNF-α at 6 h. We utilized Omp31 with or without rapamycin or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) to treat BV-2 microglia, and it demonstrated further that Omp31 induced autophagy by promoting LC3B-II, Beclin-1 proteins expression and inhibiting the p62 protein levels. Furthermore, we explored the effects of autophagy on the NF-κB p65 pathway through western blot analysis, RT-qPCR assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence. The data suggest that Omp31 as well as rapamycin, the autophagy inducer, can decrease TNF-α levels through the inhibition of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. Taken together, Omp31 can function as a catalyst in both autophagy induction and NF-κB p65 signal inhibition. Furthermore, Omp31-induced autophagy may inhibit the expression of TNF-α by negatively regulating NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yanbai Wang
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haining Li
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Neurology Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. .,Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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7
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He J, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Gao Z, Jiang Y, Li Z, Kong C, Man X. MicroRNA‑16‑5p/BIMP1/NF‑κB axis regulates autophagy to exert a tumor‑suppressive effect on bladder cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:576. [PMID: 34132358 PMCID: PMC8223104 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common urological disease worldwide. Previous studies have reported that microRNA (miR)-16-5p is associated with the development of BC, but whether miR-16-5p regulates BC cell autophagy remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate this issue. miR-16-5p expression in BC cells was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected via Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. For cell autophagy detection, autophagic flux was detected using a mCherry-green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3) puncta formation assay, followed by determination of autophagy-related protein markers. The targeting relationship between miR-16-5p and caspase recruitment domain family member 10 (BIMP1) was confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, followed by detection of the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway. The results showed that miR-16-5p overexpression inhibited cell viability, whereas miR-16-5p knockdown promoted cell viability in BC. Furthermore, miR-16-5p overexpression induced autophagy, which was accompanied by increased autophagic flux and expression of the autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and beclin 1, as well as decreased p62 expression, whereas miR-16-5p silencing led to an inhibition of autophagy in BC cells. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine treatment inhibited cell autophagy and apoptosis in miR-16-5p-overexpressing cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-16-5p could inhibit the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway and this inhibition was achieved by directly targeting BIMP1. Furthermore, it was found that blockade of the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway inversed the inhibitory effects of miR-16-5p knockdown on autophagy in BC cells. In vivo experiments further verified the tumor-suppressive effect on BC of the miR-16-5p/BIMP1/NF-κB axis. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that miR-16-5p promotes autophagy of BC cells via the BIMP1/NF-κB signaling pathway, and an improved understanding of miR-16-5p function may provide therapeutic targets for clinical intervention in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Qiu
- Department of Urology, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Man
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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El Sayed NF, Abdallah DM, Awad AS, Ahmed KA, El-Abhar HS. Novel peripheral role of Nurr-1/GDNF/AKT trajectory in carvedilol and/or morin hydrate hepatoprotective effect in a model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Life Sci 2021; 273:119235. [PMID: 33607152 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the central role of Nurr-1/GDNF has been reviewed amply, scarce data are available on their peripheral impact. Carvedilol and morin hydrate have previously conferred their hepatic anti-fibrotic action. AIM Thus, our aim was to unveil the potential hepatoprotective role of carvedilol (CR) and/or morin hydrate (MH) using a hepatic 70% partial warm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. MAIN METHOD Rats were allocated into sham-operated, hepatic I/R, and I/R preceded by oral administration of CR (10 and 30 mg/kg; CR10/CR30), MH (30 mg/kg), or CR10 + MH for one week. KEY FINDINGS On the molecular level, pretreatment with CR and/or MH increased the hepatic contents of Nurr-1, GDNF, and the protein expression of active/p-AKT. On the other hand, they inactivated GSK3β and NF-κB to increase the antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, CAT). All regimens also enhanced the autophagy/lysosomal function and boosted the protein expression of beclin-1, LC3II, and TFEB. Moreover, their antiapoptotic effect was signified by increasing the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 and inhibiting Bax, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and caspase-3, effects that were confirmed by the TUNEL assay. These improvements were reflected on liver function, as they decreased serum aminotransferases and liver structural alterations induced by I/R. Despite its mild impact, CR10 showed marked improvements when combined with MH; this synergistic interaction overrides the effect of either regimen alone. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, CR, MH, and especially the combination regimen, conferred hepatoprotection against I/R via activating the Nurr-1/GDNF/AKT trajectory to induce autophagy/lysosomal biogenesis, inhibit GSK3β/NF-кB hub and apoptosis, and amend redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermein F El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Du Y, Jia C, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang J, Sun K. Isorhamnetin Enhances the Radiosensitivity of A549 Cells Through Interleukin-13 and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:610772. [PMID: 33569004 PMCID: PMC7868540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.610772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (ISO), a naturally occurring plant flavonoid, is widely used as a phytomedicine. The major treatment modality for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is radiotherapy. However, radiotherapy can induce radioresistance in cancer cells, thereby resulting in a poor response rate. Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with ISO induced radiosensitizing effect in A549 cells using colony formation, micronucleus, and γH2AX foci assays. In addition, ISO pretreatment significantly enhanced the radiation-induced incidence of apoptosis, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the expressions of proteins associated with cellular apoptosis and suppressed the upregulation of NF-κBp65 induced by irradiation in A549 cells. Interestingly, the expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was positively correlated with the ISO-mediated radiosensitization of A549 cells. The knockdown of IL-13 expression by RNA interference decreased the IL-13 level and thus reduced ISO-mediated radiosensitivity in cells. We also found that the IR-induced NF-κB signaling activation was inhibited by ISO pretreatment, and it was abrogated in IL-13 silenced cells. We speculated that ISO may confer radiosensitivity on A549 cells via increasing the expression of IL-13 and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the effects of ISO treatment on the responsiveness of lung cancer cells to irradiation through IL-13 and the NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, ISO is a naturally occurring radiosensitizer with a potential application in adjuvant radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Du
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cong Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yehua Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Pterostilbene Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells with Oncogenic HRAS. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102869. [PMID: 33036162 PMCID: PMC7650649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAS oncoproteins are considered undruggable cancer targets. Nearly 15% of cases of bladder cancer have a mutation of HRAS. The active HRAS contributes to the tumor progression and the risk of recurrence. Using our novel gene expression screening platform, pterostilbene was identified to sensitize cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells with HRAS alterations via RAS-related autophagy and cell senescence pathways, suggesting a potentially chemotherapeutic role of pterostilbene for cisplatin treatment of human bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS. Pterostilbene is a safe and readily available food ingredient in edible plants worldwide. Exploiting the principle of combination therapy on pterostilbene-enhanced biosensitivity to identify undruggable molecular targets for cancer therapy may have a great possibility to overcome the cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer. Our data make HRAS a good candidate for modulation by pterostilbene for targeted cancer therapy in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin plus gemcitabine. Abstract Analysis of various public databases revealed that HRAS gene mutation frequency and mRNA expression are higher in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Further analysis revealed the roles of oncogenic HRAS, autophagy, and cell senescence signaling in bladder cancer cells sensitized to the anticancer drug cisplatin using the phytochemical pterostilbene. A T24 cell line with the oncogenic HRAS was chosen for further experiments. Indeed, coadministration of pterostilbene increased stronger cytotoxicity on T24 cells compared to HRAS wild-type E7 cells, which was paralleled by neither elevated apoptosis nor induced cell cycle arrest, but rather a marked elevation of autophagy and cell senescence in T24 cells. Pterostilbene-induced autophagy in T24 cells was paralleled by inhibition of class I PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K as well as activation of MEK/ERK (a RAS target) and class III PI3K pathways. Pterostilbene-induced cell senescence on T24 cells was paralleled by increased pan-RAS and decreased phospho-RB expression. Coadministration of PI3K class III inhibitor 3-methyladenine or MEK inhibitor U0126 suppressed pterostilbene-induced autophagy and reversed pterostilbene-enhanced cytotoxicity, but did not affect pterostilbene-elevated cell senescence in T24 cells. Animal study data confirmed that pterostilbene enhanced cytotoxicity of cisplatin plus gemcitabine. These results suggest a therapeutic application of pterostilbene in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer with oncogenic HRAS.
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Saponin Formosanin C-induced Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080682. [PMID: 32751249 PMCID: PMC7463707 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of iron-dependent cell death, requires an increased level of lipid-reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferritinophagy, a ferritin degradation pathway, depends on a selective autophagic cargo receptor (NCOA4). By screening various types of natural compounds, formosanin C (FC) was identified as a novel ferroptosis inducer, characterized by attenuations of FC-induced viability inhibition and lipid ROS formation in the presence of ferroptosis inhibitor. FC also induced autophagic flux, evidenced by preventing autophagic marker LC3-II degradation and increasing yellow LC3 puncta in tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 (mRFP-GFP) reporter plasmid (ptfLC3) transfected cells when combined with autophagic flux inhibitor. It is noteworthy that FC-induced ferroptosis and autophagic flux were stronger in HepG2 cells expressing higher NCOA4 and lower ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) levels, agreeing with the results of gene expression analysis using CTRP and PRISM, indicating that FTH1 expression level exhibited a significant negative correlation with the sensitivity of the cells to a ferroptosis inducer. Confocal and electron microscopy confirmed the pronounced involvement of ferritinophagy in FC-induced ferroptosis in the cells with elevated NCOA4. Since ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death, our data suggest FC has chemotherapeutic potential against apoptosis-resistant HCC with a higher NCOA4 expression via ferritinophagy.
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12
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Life, death, and autophagy in cancer: NF-κB turns up everywhere. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:210. [PMID: 32231206 PMCID: PMC7105474 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Escaping programmed cell death is a hallmark of cancer. NF-κB transcription factors are key regulator of cell survival and aberrant NF-κB signaling has been involved in the pathogenesis of most human malignancies. Although NF-κB is best known for its antiapoptotic role, other processes regulating the life/death balance, such as autophagy and necroptosis, seem to network with NF-κB. This review discusses how the reciprocal regulation of NF-κB, autophagy and programmed cell death affect cancer development and progression.
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13
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Zhuo J, Wang X. Combination of targeting CD24 and inhibiting autophagy suppresses the proliferation and enhances the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:539-548. [PMID: 31180548 PMCID: PMC6579989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 can regulate angiogenesis, drug sensitivity and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether CD24 regulates autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the functional role of the altered expression of CD24 in the autophagy and apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 human CRC cells. The results revealed lower expression levels of CD24 in HCT116 cells but higher levels in HT29 cells. Inducing the overexpression or the knockdown of CD24 did not affect the viability or spontaneous apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 cells, respectively. Induction of the overexpression of CD24 significantly decreased the relative expression levels of Beclin‑1, autophagy‑related (Atg)3 and Atg5, and the numbers of microtubule‑associated protein‑1 light chain‑3 (LC3)‑positive puncta, but increased the expression of p62 in HCT116 cells. By contrast, CD24 silencing increased the expression of Beclin‑1, Atg3 and Atg5, and the numbers of LC3‑positive puncta, but decreased the expression of p62 in HT29 cells. Treatment with 3‑methyladenine, or the knockdown of Atg5 by specific small interfering RNA to attenuate autophagy significantly enhanced the viability of CD24‑overexpressing HCT116 cells, but reduced the viability of CD24‑silenced HT29 cells, relative to their controls. As a result, the attenuation of autophagy significantly decreased the frequency of apoptotic CD24‑overexpressing HCT116 cells, but increased the percentages of apoptotic CD24‑silenced HT29 cells. The overexpression of CD24 promoted the activation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κBp65, whereas CD24 silencing attenuated its activation in CRC cells. Inhibition of the activation of NF‑κB enhanced the CD24 overexpression‑induced decrease in autophagy, but attenuated the CD24 silencing‑induced increase in autophagy in CRC cells. Therefore, CD24 inhibited the autophagy of CRC cells, and the combination of targeting CD24 and inhibiting autophagy promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells. Conceivably, these findings may aid in the design of novel therapies for the intervention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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Wang X, Ribeiro M, Iracheta-Vellve A, Lowe P, Ambade A, Satishchandran A, Bukong T, Catalano D, Kodys K, Szabo G. Macrophage-Specific Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Contributes to Impaired Autophagic Flux in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2019; 69:545-563. [PMID: 30102772 PMCID: PMC6351177 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cell activation drives diverse cellular programming during hepatic diseases. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have recently been identified as important regulators of immunity and inflammation. In nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), HIF-1α is upregulated in hepatocytes, where it induces steatosis; however, the role of HIF-1α in macrophages under metabolic stress has not been explored. In this study, we found increased HIF-1α levels in hepatic macrophages in methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice and in macrophages of patients with NASH compared with controls. The HIF-1α increase was concomitant with elevated levels of autophagy markers BNIP3, Beclin-1, LC3-II, and p62 in both mouse and human macrophages. LysMCre HIFdPA fl/fl mice, which have HIF-1α levels stabilized in macrophages, showed higher steatosis and liver inflammation compared with HIFdPA fl/fl mice on MCD diet. In vitro and ex vivo experiments reveal that saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), both induces HIF-1α and impairs autophagic flux in macrophages. Using small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down and overexpression of HIF-1α in macrophages, we demonstrated that PA impairs autophagy via HIF-1α. We found that HIF-1α mediates NF-κB activation and MCP-1 production and that HIF-1α-mediated impairment of macrophage autophagy increases IL-1β production, contributing to MCD diet-induced NASH. Conclusion: Palmitic acid impairs autophagy via HIF-1α activation in macrophages. HIF-1α and impaired autophagy are present in NASH in vivo in mouse macrophages and in human blood monocytes. We identified that HIF-1α activation and decreased autophagic flux stimulate inflammation in macrophages through upregulation of NF-κB activation. These results suggest that macrophage activation in NASH involves a complex interplay between HIF-1α and autophagy as these pathways promote proinflammatory overactivation in MCD diet-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Institute and Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick Lowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aditya Ambade
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Abhishek Satishchandran
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Terence Bukong
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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15
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Lin Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Ma J, Peng Y, Yuan X, Lv B, Chen W, Wei Y. Plumbagin induces autophagy and apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9820-9830. [PMID: 30536473 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PL), an active naphthoquinone compound, has been demonstrated to be a potential anticancer agent. However, the underlying anticancer mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC-7721 cell line was studied in an in vitro model. The cell proliferation was inhibited by PL in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Electron microscopy, acridine orange staining, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate autophagosome formation and LC3 protein expression in PL-treated SMMC-7721 cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that PL treatment suppressed the expression of apoptosis and autophagy factors (LC3, Beclin1, Atg7, and Atg5), which are associated with tumor apoptosis and autophagy in SMMC-7721 cells. In the study of in vitro tumor nude mouse models, PL can inhibit tumor growth. Cell apoptosis and autophagy of the transplanted tumors were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining, and Western blot. In addition, in the in vivo studies of HCC cells, we found that pretreatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine blocked the formation of apoptosis induced by PL. In contrast, administration of the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD did not affect PL-induced autophagy. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that PL is a promising drug with significant antitumor activity in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Lin
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongxin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengshan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianling Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Wang L, Jiang H, Shen SM, Wen CX, Xing Z, Shi Y. Inhibition of autophagy and chemokine induction by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 through NF-κB signaling in human pulmonary endothelial cells infected with influenza A viruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205344. [PMID: 30304001 PMCID: PMC6179250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells have been considered the central regulators of cytokine storm in the respiratory system during influenza virus infection. Studies have found that elevated autophagy could be an essential component of viral pathogenesis in influenza infection. However, few studies have been performed to examine whether autophagy occurs in human pulmonary endothelial cells (HPMECs). In addition, specific mechanisms about how inflammatory responses are regulated in the endothelial cells remain unclear. We hypothesized that infection of influenza A viruses subtypes H1N1 and H9N2 triggered autophagy, which played an important role in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, both in human lung epithelial A549 cells and in HPMECs. In this report, we showed our evidence that blockage of autophagy significantly inhibited influenza virus-induced proinflammatory responses and suppressed viral replication. Our data indicated that the inhibition of the cytokine response and viral replication was affected by increasing the expression of endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which might be through the regulation of NF-κB signaling. Overexpression of S1PR1 decreased p65 phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, we demonstrated that S1PR1 stimulation inhibited Akt-mTOR signaling, which might contribute to activation of autophagy in HPMECs. Thus, our study provides knowledge crucial to better understanding novel mechanisms underlying the S1PR1-mediated attenuation of cytokine amplification in the pulmonary system during influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Tuberculosis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Mei Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Xia Wen
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Zheng Xing
- Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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The Role of Autophagy and Related MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:7565076. [PMID: 30046303 PMCID: PMC6038472 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7565076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNA- (miR-) mediated posttranscriptional regulation plays an important role in autophagy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disease that is difficult to manage clinically because of the associated chronic recurrent nonspecific inflammation. Research indicates that microRNAs regulate autophagy via different pathways, playing an important role in the IBD process and providing a new perspective for IBD research. Related studies have shown that miR-142-3p, miR-320, miR-192, and miR-122 target NOD2, an IBD-relevant autophagy gene, to modulate autophagy in IBD. miR-142-3p, miR-93, miR-106B, miR-30C, miR-130a, miR-346, and miR-20a regulate autophagy by targeting ATG16L1 through several different pathways. miR-196 can downregulate IRGM and suppress autophagy by inhibiting the accumulation of LC3II. During the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, miR-665, miR-375, and miR-150 modulate autophagy by regulating the unfolded protein response, which may play an important role in IBD intestinal fibrosis. Regarding autophagy-related pathways, miR-146b, miR-221-5p, miR-132, miR-223, miR-155, and miR-21 regulate NF-κB or mTOR signaling to induce or inhibit autophagy in intestinal cells by releasing anti- or proinflammatory factors, respectively.
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18
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Kong EY, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Induction of autophagy and interleukin 6 secretion in bystander cells: metabolic cooperation for radiation-induced rescue effect? JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:129-140. [PMID: 29385614 PMCID: PMC5951087 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that radiation-induced rescue effect (RIRE) shared similar mechanisms with 'metabolic cooperation', in which nutrient-deprived cancer cells prompted normal cells to provide nutrients. Our data demonstrated that X-ray irradiation induced autophagy in HeLa cells, which could last at least 18 h, and proved that the irradiated cells (IRCs) resorted to breaking down their own intracellular components to supply the molecules required for cell-repair enhancement (e.g. to activate the NF-κB pathway) in the absence of support from bystander unirradiated cells (UICs). Furthermore, autophagy accumulation in IRCs was significantly reduced when they were partnered with UICs, and more so with UICs with pre-induced autophagy before partnering (through starvation using Earle's Balanced Salt Solution), which showed that the autophagy induced in UICs supported the IRCs. Our results also showed that interleukin 6 (IL-6) was secreted by bystander UICs, particularly the UICs with pre-induced autophagy, when they were cultured in the medium having previously conditioned irradiated HeLa cells. It was established that autophagy could activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that was required for the IL-6 production in the autophagy process. Taken together, the metabolic cooperation of RIRE was likely initiated by the bystander factors released from IRCs, which induced autophagy and activated STAT3 to produce IL-6 in bystander UICs, and was finally manifested in the activation of the NF-κB pathway in IRCs by the IL-6 secreted by the UICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Kong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Corresponding author: Tel: +852-344-27812; Fax: +852-344-20538;
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19
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Lee YR, Kuo SH, Lin CY, Fu PJ, Lin YS, Yeh TM, Liu HS. Dengue virus-induced ER stress is required for autophagy activation, viral replication, and pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:489. [PMID: 29323257 PMCID: PMC5765116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) utilizes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for replication and assembling. Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen leads to ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Three branches of UPRs temporally modulated DENV infection. Moreover, ER stress can also induce autophagy. DENV infection induces autophagy which plays a promotive role in viral replication has been reported. However, the role of ER stress in DENV-induced autophagy, viral titer, and pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we reveal that ER stress and its downstream UPRs are indispensable for DENV-induced autophagy in various human cells. We demonstrate that PERK-eIF2α and IRE1α-JNK signaling pathways increased autophagy and viral load after DENV infection. However, ATF6-related pathway showed no effect on autophagy and viral replication. IRE1α-JNK downstream molecule Bcl-2 was phosphorylated by activated JNK and dissociated from Beclin 1, which playing a critical role in autophagy activation. These findings were confirmed as decreased viral titer, attenuated disease symptoms, and prolonged survival rate in the presence of JNK inhibitor in vivo. In summary, we are the first to reveal that DENV2-induced ER stress increases autophagy activity, DENV replication, and pathogenesis through two UPR signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, 600, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Han Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, 600, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan.
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20
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Chen M, Sun F, Han L, Qu Z. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) microRNA K12-1 functions as an oncogene by activating NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33363-73. [PMID: 27166260 PMCID: PMC5078101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oncogenic virus Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most common cause of malignancies among AIDS patients. KSHV possesses over hundred genes, including 25 microRNAs (miRNAs). The roles of these miRNAs and many other viral genes in KSHV biology and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the molecular mechanisms by which KSHV induces tumorigenesis are still poorly defined. Here, we identify KSHV miRNA K12-1 (miR-K12-1) as a novel viral oncogene by activating two important transcription factors, nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Interestingly, miR-K12-1 activates STAT3 indirectly through inducing NF-κB activation and NF-κB-dependent expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by repressing the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. Accordingly, expression of ectopic IκBα or knockdown of NF-κB RelA, IL-6 or STAT3 prevents expression of cell growth genes and suppresses the oncogenicities of both miR-K12-1 and KSHV. These data identify miR-K12-1/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 as a novel oncogenic signaling underlying KSHV tumorigenesis. These data also provide the first evidence showing that IL-6/STAT3 signaling acts as an essential mediator of NF-κB oncogenic actions. These findings significantly improve our understanding of KSHV pathogenesis and oncogenic interaction between NF-κB and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Sun
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lei Han
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Sipos F, Székely H, Kis ID, Tulassay Z, Műzes G. Relation of the IGF/IGF1R system to autophagy in colitis and colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8109-8119. [PMID: 29290648 PMCID: PMC5739918 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a chronic inflammatory disorder has a potential role in the development of inflammatory and cancerous complications of the colonic tissue. The interaction of DNA damage and inflammation is affected by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway. The IGF1R pathway has been reported to regulate autophagy, as well, but sometimes through a bidirectional context. Targeting the IGF1R-autophagy crosstalk could represent a promising strategy for the development of new antiinflammatory and anticancer therapies, and may help for subjects suffering from MetS who are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, therapeutic responses to targeted therapies are often shortlived, since a signaling crosstalk of IGF1R with other receptor tyrosine kinases or autophagy exists, leading to acquired cellular resistance to therapy. From a pharmacological point of view, it is attractive to speculate that synergistic benefits could be achieved by inhibition of one of the key effectors of the IGF1R pathway, in parallel with the pharmacological stimulation of the autophagy machinery, but cautiousness is also required, because pharmacologic IGF1R modulation can initiate additional, sometimes unfavorable biologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Hajnal Székely
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Imre Dániel Kis
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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You L, Jin S, Zhu L, Qian W. Autophagy, autophagy-associated adaptive immune responses and its role in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12374-12388. [PMID: 27902471 PMCID: PMC5355352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process that leads to the degradation of cytoplasmatic components such as aggregated/misfolded proteins and organelles through the lysosomal machinery. Recent studies suggest that autophagy plays such a role in the context of the anti-tumor immune response, make it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Defective autophagy in hematopoietic stem cells may contribute to the development of hematologic malignancies, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and lymphoproliferative disorder. In blood cancer cells, autophagy can either result in chemoresistance or induce autophagic cell death that may act as immunogenic. Based on the successful experimental findings in vitro and in vivo, clinical trials of autophagy inhibitor such as hydroxychloroquine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with blood cancers are currently underway. However, autophagy inactivation might impair autophagy-triggered anticancer immunity, whereas induction of autophagy might become an effective immunotherapy. These aspects are discussed in this review together with a brief introduction to the autophagic molecular machinery and its roles in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshun You
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shenhe Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, P.R. China
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Won SJ, Yen CH, Hsieh HW, Chang SW, Lin CN, Huang CYF, Su CL. Using connectivity map to identify natural lignan justicidin A as a NF-κB suppressor. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Won S, Yen C, Lin T, Jiang‐Shieh Y, Lin C, Chen J, Su C. Autophagy mediates cytotoxicity of human colorectal cancer cells treated with garcinielliptone FC. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:497-505. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen‐Jeu Won
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hsin Yen
- Department of Human Development and Family StudiesNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Yu Lin
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Ya‐Fen Jiang‐Shieh
- Department of AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Nan Lin
- School of PharmacyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jyun‐Ti Chen
- Department of Human Development and Family StudiesNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Li Su
- Department of Human Development and Family StudiesNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Yu JJ, Zhu LX, Zhang J, Liu S, Lv FY, Cheng X, Liu GJ, Peng B. From the Cover: Activation of NF-κB-Autophagy Axis by 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Commits Dental Mesenchymal Cells to Apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2017; 157:100-111. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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26
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Autophagic flux regulates microglial phenotype according to the time of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lu J, Sun D, Liu Z, Li M, Hong H, Liu C, Gao S, Li H, Cai Y, Chen S, Li Z, Ye J, Liu P. SIRT6 suppresses isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy through activation of autophagy. Transl Res 2016; 172:96-112.e6. [PMID: 27016702 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduction in autophagy has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the molecular pathways leading to impaired autophagy at the presence of hypertrophic stimuli remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a sirtuin family member, in regulating cardiomyocyte autophagy, and its implication in prevention of cardiac hypertrophy. Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) or Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were submitted to isoproterenol (ISO) treatment, and then the hypertrophic responses and changes in autophagy activity were measured. The influence of SIRT6 on autophagy was observed in cultured NRCMs with gain- and loss-of-function approaches to regulate SIRT6 expression, and further confirmed in vivo by intramyocardial delivery of an adenovirus vector encoding SIRT6 cDNA. In addition, the involvement of SIRT6-mediated autophagy in attenuation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ISO was determined basing on genetic or pharmaceutical disruption of autophagy, and the underlying mechanism was preliminarily explored. ISO-caused cardiac hypertrophy accompanying with a significant decrease in autophagy activity. SIRT6 overexpression enhanced autophagy in NRCMs and in rat hearts, whereas knockdown of SIRT6 by RNA interference led to suppression of cardiomyocyte autophagy. Furthermore, the protective effect of SIRT6 against ISO-stimulated hypertrophy was associated with induction of autophagy. SIRT6 promoted nuclear retention of forkhead box O3 transcription factor possibly via attenuating Akt signaling, which was responsible for autophagy activation. Our findings revealed that SIRT6 positively regulates autophagy in cardiomyocytes, which may help to ameliorate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Duanping Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huiqi Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Snake Venom, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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Won SJ, Lin TY, Yen CH, Tzeng YH, Liu HS, Lin CN, Yu CH, Wu CS, Chen JT, Chen YT, Huang CYF, Su CL. A novel natural tautomeric pair of garcinielliptone FC suppressed nuclear factor κB and induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Shen X, Ma L, Dong W, Wu Q, Gao Y, Luo C, Zhang M, Chen X, Tao L. Autophagy regulates intracerebral hemorrhage induced neural damage via apoptosis and NF-κB pathway. Neurochem Int 2016; 96:100-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Yerra VG, Gundu C, Bachewal P, Kumar A. Autophagy: The missing link in diabetic neuropathy? Med Hypotheses 2016; 86:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Discovery of molecular mechanisms of lignan justicidin A using L1000 gene expression profiles and the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures database. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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32
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Sun LD, Wang F, Dai F, Wang YH, Lin D, Zhou B. Development and mechanism investigation of a new piperlongumine derivative as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:156-69. [PMID: 25850000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, especially chronic inflammation, is directly involvement in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer. An effective approach for managing inflammation is to employ chemicals to block activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a key regulator for inflammatory processes. Piperlongumine (piplartine, PL), an electrophilic molecule isolated from Piper longum L., possesses excellent anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, a new PL analogue (PL-0N) was designed by replacing nitrogen atom of lactam in PL with carbon atom to increase its electrophilicity and thus anti-inflammatory activity. It was found that PL-0N is more potent than the parent compound in suppressing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 as well as expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mechanistic investigation implies that PL-0N exerts anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB transduction pathway, down-regulation of LPS-induced MAPKs activation and impairment of proteasomal activity, but also enhancement of LPS-induced autophagy; the inhibition of NF-κB by PL-0N is achieved at various stages by: (i) preventing phosphorylation of IKKα/β, (ii) stabilizing the suppressor protein IκBα, (iii) interfering with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and (iv) inhibiting the DNA-binding of NF-κB. These data indicate that nitrogen-atom-lacking pattern is a successful strategy to improve anti-inflammatory property of PL, and that the novel molecule, PL-0N may be served as a promising lead for developing natural product-directed anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Di Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Fu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yi-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Dong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
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Won SJ, Yen CH, Liu HS, Wu SY, Lan SH, Jiang-Shieh YF, Lin CN, Su CL. Justicidin A-induced autophagy flux enhances apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells via class III PI3K and Atg5 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:930-46. [PMID: 25216025 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous reports showed that justicidin A (JA), a novel and pure arylnaphthalide lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens, induces apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, leading to the suppression of both tumor cell growth in NOD-SCID mice. Here, we reveal that JA induces autophagy in human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells by conversion of autophagic marker LC3-I to LC3-II. Furthermore, LC3 puncta and autophagic vesicle formation, and SQSTM1/p62 suppression were observed. Administration of autophagy inhibitor (bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine) and transfection of a tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 (mRFP-GFP) reporter plasmid (ptfLC3) demonstrated that JA induces autophagy flux in HT-29 cells. Expression of LC3, SQSTM1, Beclin 1, and nuclear DNA double-strand breaks (representing apoptosis) were also detected in the tumor tissue of HT-29 cells transplanted into NOD-SCID mice orally administrated with JA. In addition, the expression of autophagy signaling pathway-related molecules p-PDK1, p-mTOR, p-p70S6k/p-RPS6KB2 was decreased, whereas that of class III PI3K, Beclin 1, Atg5-Atg12, and mitochondrial BNIP3 was increased in response to JA. Pre-treatment of the cells with class III PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine or Atg5 shRNA attenuated JA-induced LC3-II expression and LC3 puncta formation, indicating the involvement of class III PI3K and Atg5. A novel mechanism was demonstrated in the anticancer compound JA; pre-treatment with 3-methyladenine or Atg5 shRNA blocked JA-induced suppression in cell growth and colony formation, respectively, via inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, administration of apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD did not affect JA-induced autophagy. Our data suggest the chemotherapeutic potential of JA for treatment of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Jeu Won
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Labouba I, Poisson A, Lafontaine J, Delvoye N, Gannon PO, Le Page C, Saad F, Mes-Masson AM. The RelB alternative NF-kappaB subunit promotes autophagy in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells in vitro and affects mouse xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:67. [PMID: 25788857 PMCID: PMC4364035 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The involvement of NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) has largely been established through the study of the classical p65 subunit. Nuclear localization of p65 in PCa patient tissues has been shown to correlate with biochemical recurrence, while in vitro studies have demonstrated that the classical NF-κB signaling pathway promotes PCa progression and metastatic potential. More recently, the nuclear location of RelB, a member of the alternative NF-κB signaling, has also been shown to correlate with the Gleason score. The current study aims to clarify the role of alternative NF-κB in PCa cells by exploring, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of RelB overexpression on PCa biology. Methods Using a lentivirus-expression system, we constitutively overexpressed RelB or control GFP into 22Rv1 cells and monitored alternative transcriptional NF-κB activity. In vivo, tumor growth was assessed after the injection of 22Rv1-derived cells into SCID mice. In vitro, the impact of RelB on 22Rv1 cell proliferation was evaluated in monolayer culture. The anchorage-independent cell growth of derived-22Rv1 cells was assessed by soft agar assay. Apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated by Western blot analysis in 22Rv1-derived cells cultured in suspension using poly-HEMA pre-coated dishes. Results The overexpression of RelB in 22Rv1 cells induced the constitutive activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway. In vivo, RelB expression caused a lag in the initiation of 22Rv1-induced tumors in SCID mice. In vitro, RelB stimulated the proliferation of 22Rv1 cells and reduced their ability to grow in soft agar. These observations may be reconciled by our findings that, when cultured in suspension on poly-HEMA pre-coated dishes, 22Rv1 cells expressing RelB were more susceptible to cell death, and more specifically to autophagy controlled death. Conclusions This study highlights a role of the alternative NF-κB pathway in proliferation and the controlled autophagy. Thus, the interplay of these properties may contribute to tumor survival in stress conditions while promoting PCa cells growth contributing to the overall tumorigenicity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Labouba
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexis Poisson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie Lafontaine
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathalie Delvoye
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe O Gannon
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada ; Division of Urology, CHUM, Université de Montréal, CHUM Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke east, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada ; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Pillai VB, Sundaresan NR, Gupta MP. Regulation of Akt signaling by sirtuins: its implication in cardiac hypertrophy and aging. Circ Res 2014; 114:368-78. [PMID: 24436432 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a multifactorial disease characterized by multiple molecular alterations. One of these alterations is change in the activity of Akt, which plays a central role in regulating a variety of cellular processes ranging from cell survival to aging. Akt activation is mainly achieved by its binding to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate. This results in a conformational change that exposes the kinase domain of Akt for phosphorylation and activation by its upstream kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, in the cell membrane. Recent studies have shown that sirtuin isoforms, silent information regulator (SIRT) 1, SIRT3, and SIRT6, play an essential role in the regulation of Akt activation. Although SIRT1 deacetylates Akt to promote phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate binding and activation, SIRT3 controls reactive oxygen species-mediated Akt activation, and SIRT6 transcriptionally represses Akt at the level of chromatin. In the first part of this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which sirtuins regulate Akt activation and how they influence other post-translational modifications of Akt. In the latter part of the review, we summarize the implications of sirtuin-dependent regulation of Akt signaling in the control of major cellular processes such as cellular growth, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, and aging, which are involved in the initiation and progression of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar B Pillai
- From Center of Cardiac Cell Biology and Therapeutics, Committee on Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Sabe AA, Elmadhun NY, Dalal RS, Robich MP, Sellke FW. Resveratrol regulates autophagy signaling in chronically ischemic myocardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147:792-8; Discussion 798-9. [PMID: 24267781 PMCID: PMC3947125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autophagy is a cellular process by which damaged components are removed. Although autophagy can result in cell death, when optimally regulated, it might be cardioprotective. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol also believed to be cardioprotective. Using a clinically relevant swine model of metabolic syndrome, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on autophagy in the chronically ischemic myocardium. METHODS Yorkshire swine were fed a regular diet (n = 7), a high cholesterol diet (n = 7), or a high cholesterol diet with supplemental resveratrol (n = 6). After 4 weeks, an ameroid constrictor was surgically placed on the left circumflex artery to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. The diets were continued another 7 weeks, and then the ischemic and nonischemic myocardium were harvested for protein analysis. RESULTS In the ischemic myocardium, a high cholesterol diet partly attenuated the autophagy, as determined by an increase in phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and a decrease in p70 S6 kinase (P70S6K), lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-2, and autophagy-related gene 12-5 conjugate (ATG 12-5; P < .05). The addition of resveratrol blunted many of these changes, because the p-mTOR, P70S6K, and LAMP-2 levels were not significantly altered from those of the pigs fed a regular diet. Other autophagy markers were increased with a high cholesterol diet, including light chain 3A-II and beclin 1 (P < .05). In the nonischemic myocardium, beclin 1 was decreased in the high cholesterol-fed pigs (P < .05); otherwise no significant changes in protein expression were noted among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS In the chronically ischemic myocardium, resveratrol partly reversed the effects of a high cholesterol diet on autophagy. This might be a mechanism by which resveratrol exerts its cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Nassrene Y Elmadhun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Rahul S Dalal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Michael P Robich
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI.
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Gene expression profiling as a tool to investigate the molecular machinery activated during hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by trimethyltin (TMT) administration. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16817-35. [PMID: 23955266 PMCID: PMC3759937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound exhibiting neurotoxicant effects selectively localized in the limbic system and especially marked in the hippocampus, in both experimental animal models and accidentally exposed humans. TMT administration causes selective neuronal death involving either the granular neurons of the dentate gyrus or the pyramidal cells of the Cornu Ammonis, with a different pattern of localization depending on the different species studied or the dosage schedule. TMT is broadly used to realize experimental models of hippocampal neurodegeneration associated with cognitive impairment and temporal lobe epilepsy, though the molecular mechanisms underlying the associated selective neuronal death are still not conclusively clarified. Experimental evidence indicates that TMT-induced neurodegeneration is a complex event involving different pathogenetic mechanisms, probably acting differently in animal and cell models, which include neuroinflammation, intracellular calcium overload, and oxidative stress. Microarray-based, genome-wide expression analysis has been used to investigate the molecular scenario occurring in the TMT-injured brain in different in vivo and in vitro models, producing an overwhelming amount of data. The aim of this review is to discuss and rationalize the state-of-the-art on TMT-associated genome wide expression profiles in order to identify comparable and reproducible data that may allow focusing on significantly involved pathways.
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Moos PJ, Honeggar M, Malugin A, Herd H, Thiagarajan G, Ghandehari H. Transcriptional responses of human aortic endothelial cells to nanoconstructs used in biomedical applications. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3242-52. [PMID: 23806026 DOI: 10.1021/mp400285u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the potential toxicities of manufactured nanoconstructs used for drug delivery and biomedical applications may help improve their safety. We sought to determine if surface-modified silica nanoparticles and poly(amido amine) dendrimers elicit genotoxic responses on vascular endothelial cells. The nanoconstructs utilized in this study had a distinct geometry (spheres vs worms) and surface charge, which were used to evaluate the contributions of these parameters to any potential adverse effects of these materials. Time-dependent cytotoxicity was found for surfaced-functionalized but geometrically distinct silica materials, while amine-terminated dendrimers displayed time-independent cytotoxicity and carboxylated dendrimers were nontoxic in our assays. Transcriptomic evaluation of human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) responses indicated time-dependent gene induction following silica exposure, consisting of cell cycle gene repression and pro-inflammatory gene induction. However, the dendrimers did not induce genomic toxicity, despite displaying general cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
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Abstract
Hormesis in ageing is probably represented by mild stress-induced stimulation of protective mechanisms in cells and organisms resulting in biologically beneficial effects. Mild stress and hormetins may act on bifurcation points in the complex network of cell signaling and transcription factors, often turning homeodynamics to health or survival. Several signaling pathways activated by diverse stimuli and by stress response converge on NF-κB activation, resulting in a regulatory system characterized by high complexity. NF-κB behaves as a chaotic oscillator and it is increasingly recognized that the number of components that impinges upon phenotypic outcomes of signal transduction pathways may be higher than those taken into consideration from canonical pathway representations. NF-κB is closely related to other important upstream signaling networks, creating chaotic oscillators with other receptor-related kinases and targeting hubs for hormesis. The great bulk of natural hormetins acts on these signaling pathways, while NF-κB appears as a key regulatory factor in this context. Due to its tight relationship with main signaling system NF-κB plays a fundamental role in stress response, apoptosis and autophagy and appears to be a possible target for hormesis in ageing.
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Nepal S, Park PH. Activation of autophagy by globular adiponectin attenuates ethanol-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells: involvement of AMPK/FoxO3A axis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2111-25. [PMID: 23688633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular apoptosis is an important pathological entity of alcoholic liver disease. Previously, we have shown that globular adiponectin (gAcrp) protects liver cells from ethanol-induced apoptosis by modulating an array of signaling pathways. In the present study, we investigated the role of autophagy induction by gAcrp in the suppression of ethanol-induced apoptosis and its potential mechanism(s) in liver cells. Here, we demonstrated that gAcrp significantly restores ethanol-induced suppression of autophagy-related genes, including Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC3B) both in primary rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Globular adiponectin also restored autophagosome formation suppressed by ethanol treatment in HepG2. Furthermore, inhibition of gAcrp-induced autophagic process by knock-down of LC3B prevented protection from ethanol-induced apoptosis. In particular, the autophagic process induced by gAcrp was involved in the suppression of ethanol-induced activation of caspase-8 and expression of Bax. Moreover, knock-down of AMPK by small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked gAcrp-induced expression of genes related to autophagy, which in turn prevented protection from ethanol-induced apoptosis, suggesting that AMPK plays an important role in the induction of autophagy and protection of liver cells by gAcrp. Finally, we also showed that gAcrp treatment induces translocation of the forkhead box O member protein, FoxO3A, into the nucleus, which may play a role in the induction of autophagy-related genes. Taken together, our data demonstrated that gAcrp protects liver cells from ethanol-induced apoptosis via induction of autophagy. Further, the AMPK-FoxO3A axis plays a cardinal role in gAcrp-induced autophagy and subsequent inhibition of ethanol-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Li WL, Yu SP, Chen D, Yu SS, Jiang YJ, Genetta T, Wei L. The regulatory role of NF-κB in autophagy-like cell death after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Neuroscience 2013; 244:16-30. [PMID: 23558089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy may contribute to ischemia-induced cell death in the brain, but the regulation of autophagic cell death is largely unknown. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a regulator of apoptosis in cerebral ischemia. We examined the hypothesis that autophagy-like cell death could contribute to ischemia-induced brain damage and the process was regulated by NF-κB. In adult wild-type (WT) and NF-κB p50 knockout (p50(-/-)) mice, focal ischemia in the barrel cortex was induced by ligation of distal branches of the middle cerebral artery. Twelve to 24h later, autophagic activity increased as indicated by enhanced expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 in the ischemic core and/or penumbra regions. This increased autophagy contributed to cell injury, evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) co-staining and a protective effect achieved by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. The number of Beclin-1/TUNEL-positive cells was significantly more in p50(-/-) mice than in WT mice. Neuronal and vascular cell death, as determined by TUNEL-positive cells co-staining with NeuN or Collagen IV, was more abundant in p50(-/-) mice. Immunostaining of the endothelial cell tight junction marker occludin revealed more damage to the blood-brain barrier in p50(-/-) mice. Western blotting of the peri-infarct tissue showed a reduction of Akt-the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in p50(-/-) mice after ischemia. These findings provide the first evidence that cerebral ischemia induced autophagy-like injury is regulated by the NF-κB pathway, which may suggest potential treatments for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Guo ZS, Liu Z, Bartlett DL, Tang D, Lotze MT. Life after death: targeting high mobility group box 1 in emergent cancer therapies. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:1-20. [PMID: 23359863 PMCID: PMC3555201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an evolutionarily highly conserved and abundant nuclear protein also has roles within the cytoplasm and as an extracellular damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule. Extracellular HMGB1 is the prototypic endogenous 'danger signal' that triggers inflammation and immunity. Recent findings suggest that posttranslational modifications dictate the cellular localization and secretion of HMGB1. HMGB1 is actively secreted from immune cells and stressed cancer cells, or passively released from necrotic cells. During cancer development or administration of therapeutic agents including chemotherapy, radiation, epigenetic drugs, oncolytic viruses, or immunotherapy, the released HMGB1 may either promote or limit cancer growth, depending on the state of progression and vascularization of the tumor. Extracellular HMGB1 enhances autophagy and promotes persistence of surviving cancer cells following initial activation. When oxidized, it chronically suppresses the immune system to promote cancer growth and progression, thereby enhancing resistance to cancer therapeutics. In its reduced form, it can facilitate and elicit innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity, recruiting and activating immune cells, in conjunction with cytotoxic agents, particularly in early transplantable tumor models. We hypothesize that HMGB1 also functions as an epigenetic modifier, mainly through regulation of NF-kB-dependent signaling pathways, to modulate the behavior of surviving cancer cells as well as the immune cells found within the tumor microenvironment. This has significant implications for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sheng Guo
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Marion-Letellier R, Raman M, Savoye G, Déchelotte P, Ghosh S. Nutrient modulation of autophagy: implications for inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:205-12. [PMID: 22573543 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During nutrient deprivation, autophagy provides the constituents required to maintain the metabolism essential for survival. Recently, genome-wide association studies have identified genetic determinants for susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) such as ATG16L1 and IRGM that are involved in the autophagy pathway. Both disease-carrying NOD2 mutations and ATG16L1 mutations may result in impairment of autophagy. Impairment in autophagy results in impaired clearance of microbes. Ileal CD is associated with Paneth cell loss of function such as decreased production of α-defensins, which may arise from mutations in NOD2 or autophagy genes. Nutrients are able to modify several cellular pathways and in particular autophagy. We summarize the contribution of a variety of dietary components to activate autophagy. Understanding the crosstalk between nutrients and autophagy in the intestine may provide novel targets that have therapeutics potential in intestinal inflammation. Nutrient activation of autophagy may contribute to restoring the Paneth cell loss of function in ileal CD.
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Zhu B, Zhou Y, Xu F, Shuai J, Li X, Fang W. Porcine circovirus type 2 induces autophagy via the AMPK/ERK/TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway in PK-15 cells. J Virol 2012; 86:12003-12. [PMID: 22915817 PMCID: PMC3486458 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01434-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) uses autophagy machinery to enhance its replication in PK-15 cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. By the use of specific inhibitors, RNA interference, and coimmunoprecipitation, we show that PCV2 induces autophagy in PK-15 cells through a pathway involving the kinases AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), the tumor suppressor protein TSC2, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). AMPK and ERK1/2 positively regulate autophagy through negative control of the mTOR pathway by phosphorylating TSC2 in PCV2-infected PK-15 cells. Thus, PCV2 might induce autophagy via the AMPK/ERK/TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway in the host cells, representing a pivotal mechanism for PCV2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Zhu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbing Shuai
- Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ranuncolo SM, Pittaluga S, Evbuomwan MO, Jaffe ES, Lewis BA. Hodgkin lymphoma requires stabilized NIK and constitutive RelB expression for survival. Blood 2012; 120:3756-63. [PMID: 22968463 PMCID: PMC3488888 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-405951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the role of the REL family members in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). shRNA targeting of each REL member showed that HL was uniquely dependent on relB, in contrast to several other B-cell lymphomas. In addition, relA and c-rel shRNA expression also decreased HL cell viability. In exploring relB activation further, we found stable NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) protein in several HL cell lines and that NIK shRNA also affected HL cell line viability. More importantly, 49 of 50 HL patient biopsies showed stable NIK protein, indicating that NIK and the noncanonical pathway are very prevalent in HL. Lastly, we have used a NIK inhibitor that reduced HL but not other B-cell lymphoma cell viability. These data show that HL is uniquely dependent on relB and that the noncanonical pathway can be a therapeutic target for HL. Furthermore, these results show that multiple REL family members participate in the maintenance of a HL phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella M Ranuncolo
- Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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Fernandez Larrosa PN, Alvarado CV, Rubio MF, Ruiz Grecco M, Micenmacher S, Martinez-Noel GA, Panelo L, Costas MA. Nuclear receptor coactivator RAC3 inhibits autophagy. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:2064-71. [PMID: 22957814 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RAC3 is an oncogene naturally overexpressed in several tumors. Besides its role as coactivator, it can exert several protumoral cytoplasmic actions. Autophagy was found to act either as a tumor suppressor during the early stages of tumor development, or as a protector of the tumor cell in later stages under hypoxic conditions. We found that RAC3 overexpression inhibits autophagy when induced by starvation or rapamycin and involves RAC3 nuclear translocation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Moreover, hypoxia inhibits the RAC3 gene expression leading to the autophagy process, allowing tumor cells to survive until angiogenesis occurs. The interplay between RAC3, hypoxia, and autophagy could be an important mechanism for tumor progression and a good target for a future anticancer therapy.
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NF-κB p65 repression by the sesquiterpene lactone, Helenalin, contributes to the induction of autophagy cell death. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:93. [PMID: 22784363 PMCID: PMC3464891 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Interestingly, several anticancer agents were found to exert their anticancer effects by triggering autophagy. Emerging data suggest that autophagy represents a novel mechanism that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. Pharmacologically active natural compounds such as those from marine, terrestrial plants and animals represent a promising resource for novel anticancer drugs. There are several prominent examples from the past proving the success of natural products and derivatives exhibiting anticancer activity. Helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone has been demonstrated to have potent anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. Albeit previous studies demonstrating helenalin’s multi modal action on cellular proliferative and apoptosis, the mechanisms underlying its action are largely unexplained. Methods To deduce the mechanistic action of helenalin, cancer cells were treated with the drug at various concentrations and time intervals. Using western blot, FACS analysis, overexpression and knockdown studies, cellular signaling pathways were interrogated focusing on apoptosis and autophagy markers. Results We show here that helenalin induces sub-G1 arrest, apoptosis, caspase cleavage and increases the levels of the autophagic markers. Suppression of caspase cleavage by the pan caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, suppressed induction of LC3-B and Atg12 and reduced autophagic cell death, indicating caspase activity was essential for autophagic cell death induced by helenalin. Additionally, helenalin suppressed NF-κB p65 expression in a dose and time dependent manner. Exogenous overexpression of p65 was accompanied by reduced levels of cell death whereas siRNA mediated suppression led to augmented levels of caspase cleavage, autophagic cell death markers and increased cell death. Conclusions Taken together, these results show that helenalin mediated autophagic cell death entails inhibition of NF-κB p65, thus providing a promising approach for the treatment of cancers with aberrant activation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Phadwal K, Watson AS, Simon AK. Tightrope act: autophagy in stem cell renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:89-103. [PMID: 22669258 PMCID: PMC3535400 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a constitutive lysosomal catabolic pathway that degrades damaged organelles and protein aggregates. Stem cells are characterized by self-renewal, pluripotency, and quiescence; their long life span, limited capacity to dilute cellular waste and spent organelles due to quiescence, along with their requirement for remodeling in order to differentiate, all suggest that they require autophagy more than other cell types. Here, we review the current literature on the role of autophagy in embryonic and adult stem cells, including hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and neuronal stem cells, highlighting the diverse and contrasting roles autophagy plays in their biology. Furthermore, we review the few studies on stem cells, lysosomal activity, and autophagy. Novel techniques to detect autophagy in primary cells are required to study autophagy in different stem cell types. These will help to elucidate the importance of autophagy in stem cells during transplantation, a promising therapeutic approach for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Phadwal
- BRC Translational Immunology Lab, NIHR, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Alexander Scarth Watson
- BRC Translational Immunology Lab, NIHR, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- BRC Translational Immunology Lab, NIHR, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to investigate the significance of LC3 and beclin 1 in the pancreas of rat after acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and whether nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal regulates autophagy during sodium taurocholate-induced ANP. METHODS Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in rat by sodium taurocholate injection in the pancreaticobiliary duct. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate was administrated before the injection of sodium taurocholate. Then, serum amylase activity, trypsinogen activation peptide and tumor necrosis factor α, and morphological signs of pancreatitis were measured. The formation of autophagosome and the activation of lysosome were observed in the pancreas after ANP by using electron microscope. Meanwhile, the pancreatic levels of NF-κB and essential proteins involved in formation of the autophagosome (LC3 and beclin 1) were assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sodium taurocholate increased serum amylase, trypsinogen activation peptide, tumor necrosis factor α, and pancreatic NF-κB levels compared with sham-operated rats and increased the levels of LC3-II and beclin 1. Inhibition of the NF-κB signal axis with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduced serum amylase, blocked pancreatic NF-κB activation, and reduced the levels of LC3-II and beclin 1. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear factor κB pathway activation stimulates autophagy during induction of ANP. Targeted inhibition of the NF-κB pathway may provide novel therapeutic strategies for reducing the severity of ANP.
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Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), whereas the highly related HTLV-2 is not associated with ATL or other cancers. In addition to ATL leukemogenesis, studies of the HTLV viruses also provide an exceptional model for understanding basic pathogenic mechanisms of virus-host interactions and human oncogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the viral regulatory protein Tax and host inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB are largely responsible for the different pathogenic potentials of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 oncogenic pathogenesis with a focus on the interplay between the Tax oncoprotein and NF-κB pro-oncogenic signaling. We also outline some of the most intriguing and outstanding questions in the fields of HTLV and NF-κB. Answers to those questions will greatly advance our understanding of ATL leukemogenesis and other NF-κB-associated tumorigenesis and will help us design personalized cancer therapies.
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