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Joo E, Hong S, Park KH, Kim HJ, Lee MJ, Shin S. Predictive potential of various plasma inflammation-, angiogenesis-, and extracellular matrix remodeling-associated mediators for intra-amniotic inflammation and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in preterm labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:413-426. [PMID: 38329550 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether various inflammatory-, angiogenic/anti-angiogenic-, and extracellular matrix remodeling-associated proteins in plasma, alone or in combination with conventional blood-based markers, can predict intra-amniotic inflammation and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (IAI/MIAC) in women with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL). METHODS A total of 193 singleton pregnant women with PTL (23-33 weeks) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Plasma samples were obtained at the time of amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid (AF) was cultured for microorganism detection and consequent MIAC diagnosis. IL-6 levels were determined in AF and used to identify IAI (AF IL-6 ≥ 2.6 ng/mL). Endostatin, haptoglobin, IGFBP-2/3, LBP, M-CSF, MMP-2/8, pentraxin 3, PlGF, S100A8/A9, and VEGFR-1 levels were assayed in plasma samples by ELISA. CRP levels and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured. RESULTS Plasma LBP, MMP-8, and S100A8/A9 levels, CRP levels, and NLR were significantly higher, and plasma IGFBP-2 and MMP-2 levels were significantly lower in women with IAI/MIAC than in those without this condition, whereas no baseline variables differed significantly between the two groups. Using a stepwise regression analysis, a noninvasive prediction model for IAI/MIAC was developed, which included plasma LBP, MMP-2, and MMP-8 levels (area under the curve [AUC], 0.785). The AUC for this prediction model was significantly or borderline greater than that of any single factor included in the model. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP-2, LBP, MMP-2, MMP-8, and S100A8/A9 may represent valuable plasma biomarkers for predicting IAI/MIAC in women with PTL. Combination of LBP, MMP-2, and MMP-8 expression data can significantly improve the predictive potential for IAI/MIAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunwook Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam, Kyeonggido, 463-707, Korea
| | - Subeen Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam, Kyeonggido, 463-707, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam, Kyeonggido, 463-707, Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam, Kyeonggido, 463-707, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Li H, Xu J, Liu J, Li J, Xu M, Ma P, Li L, Wang Y, Wang C. Sappanone A ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in BALB/c mice via suppressing Mmp8 expression and IL-17 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176746. [PMID: 38880219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by excessive abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells, which have significant impact on the life quality of individuals. Although biological agents and small molecule targeted drugs have brought significant clinical benefits to psoriasis patients, adverse reactions and high prices remains key issues in clinical medication of psoriasis, while natural product monomers possess high efficiency, low toxicity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and bring new hope for the clinical treatment of psoriasis. Sappanone A (SA), a small molecule compound isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties in various models, such as kidney inflammation and LPS-induced mice inflammation. Among these effects, the anti-inflammatory property of SA has received significant attention. In our study, we found that SA exhibited anti-proliferation and anti-inflammatory effects in HaCaT cells, and significantly alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions via the inhibition of the excessive proliferation of keratinocytes and the infiltration of lymphocytes. Furthermore, the combinational analysis of network pharmacology and transcriptome sequencing revealed that SA exerted anti-psoriasis effects by inhibiting the matrix metalloproteinase 8 (Mmp8) expression and IL-17 pathway activation. In summary, we have first demonstrated that SA can be used as a novel anti-psoriasis drug, which may provide a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Man Xu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Yurong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Park KH, Lee KN, Oh E, Im EM. Inflammatory biomarkers in the cervicovaginal fluid to identify histologic chorioamnionitis and funisitis in women with preterm labor. Cytokine 2023; 169:156308. [PMID: 37536223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between altered levels of inflammatory proteins in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and acute histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) and funisitis in women with preterm labor (PTL). METHODS In this study, a total of 134 consecutive singleton pregnant women with PTL (at 23+0-34+0 weeks) who delivered preterm (at < 37 weeks) and from whom CVF samples were collected at admission were retrospectively enrolled. The CVF levels of haptoglobin, interleukin-6/8, kallistatin, lipocalin-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, resistin, S100 calcium-binding protein A8, and serpin A1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The placentas were histologically analyzed after delivery. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analyses showed significant associations between elevated CVF interleukin-8 and resistin levels and acute HCA after adjusting for baseline covariates (e.g., gestational age at sampling). CVF haptoglobin, interleukin-6/8, kallistatin, MMP-8, and resistin levels were significantly higher in women with funisitis than in those without, whereas the baseline covariates were similar between the two groups (P > 0.1). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the aforementioned biomarkers ranged from 0.61 to 0.77 regarding each outcome. Notably, HCA risk significantly increased with increasing CVF levels of interleukin-8 and resistin (P for trend < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Haptoglobin, interleukin-6/8, kallistatin, MMP-8, and resistin were identified as potential inflammatory CVF biomarkers predictive of acute HCA and funisitis in women with PTL. Moreover, the risk severity of acute HCA may be associated with the degree of the inflammatory response in the CVF (particularly based on interleukin-8 levels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Kyong-No Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eunji Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Im
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Park KH, Lee KN, Im EM, Cho I, Oh E, Choi BY. Degree of expression of inflammatory proteins in the amniotic cavity, but not prior obstetric history, is associated with the risk severity for spontaneous preterm birth after rescue cerclage for cervical insufficiency. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13756. [PMID: 37641380 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To examine whether the severity of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) risk after rescue cerclage for acute cervical insufficiency (CI) is linked to the degree of inflammatory response in the amniotic fluid (AF) based on the concentrations of various inflammatory proteins and prior obstetric history. METHOD OF STUDY We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 65 singleton pregnant women (17-25 weeks) who underwent rescue cerclage following the diagnosis of acute CI and were subjected to amniocentesis. EN-RAGE, IL-6, IL-8, and IP-10 as inflammatory mediators and kallistatin, MMP-2/8, and uPA as extracellular matrix remodeling-related molecules were assayed in the AF using ELISA. The level of each inflammatory mediator was divided into quartiles. RESULTS Intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI; AF IL-6 level ≥2.6 ng/mL) was independently associated with SPTB after cerclage placement. The odds of SPTB at < 32 weeks, even after adjusting for confounders, increased significantly with each increasing quartile of baseline AF levels for each inflammatory mediator (p for trend < .05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the cerclage-to-delivery intervals were significantly shorter as the quartiles of AF EN-RAGE and MMP-8 increased (log-rank test, p < .01 each). Neither previous term birth nor prior PTB was associated with SPTB risk or cerclage-to-delivery interval after rescue cerclage. Multiparous women who experience CI after term birth showed significantly elevated levels of MMP-8 and reduced kallistatin levels in the AF. CONCLUSION In patients with CI, SPTB risk (especially risk severity) after rescue cerclage is associated with the degree of the inflammatory response in AF as well as the presence of IAI but not with prior obstetric history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Hoon Park
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyong-No Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Im
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Iseop Cho
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eunji Oh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Rawat K, Syeda S, Shrivastava A. A novel role of Tinospora cordifolia in amelioration of cancer-induced systemic deterioration by taming neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154488. [PMID: 36240606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has emerged as a systemic disease which targets various organs thus challenging the overall physiology of the host. Recently, we have shown that hyperactive neutrophils infiltrate various organs of tumor bearing host and contribute to gradual systemic deterioration. Therefore, taming neutrophils via potent immunomodulators could be an appropriate therapeutic approach in regulating systemic damage. Tinospora cordifolia (TC), an Ayurvedic panacea, is known for its immense medicinal values in traditional literature and recent reports have also documented its immunomodulatory potential. However, whether TC can regulate neutrophils to exert its therapeutic effectiveness has not been deciphered so far. METHODS For the in vivo study, we utilized murine model of Dalton's Lymphoma (DL). T. cordifolia extract (TCE) treatment was scheduled at early, mid and advanced stages of tumor growth at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Effect of TCE on neutrophil infiltration was examined by immunostaining. Neutrophil elastase (NE) level in serum, ascitic fluid and various tissues was monitored by ELISA. Further, qPCR was performed to assess transcripts levels of NE, myeloperoxidase (MPO), metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) and cathepsin G (CSTG) in various tissues. ROS level in tissue was assessed by DHE staining and organ function was assessed by histology post TCE treatment. RESULTS Our findings showed that TC treatment significantly reduced neutrophil count in peripheral blood and their infiltration in vital organs of tumor-bearing host. Further, it ameliorated neutrophil hyperactivation by down regulating the expression of its key cargoes including NE, MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9 and CSTG at early and mid stage of tumor growth. In addition, TC treatment prevented histopathological alterations and restored the normal serum enzyme levels at different stages of tumor growth. Importantly, TC treatment also showed significant reduction in tumor burden which was accompanied by a remarkable increase in survival of the tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that T. cordifolia could limit systemic damage via regulating neutrophil infiltration and hyperactivation which can further lead to cancer control at both prophylactic and therapeutic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Gu H, Peng J, Wang M, Guo Z, Huang H, Yan L. MicroRNA-320-3p promotes the progression of acute pancreatitis by blocking DNMT3a-mediated MMP8 methylation in a targeted manner. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:84-94. [PMID: 36113364 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we screened out two genes upregulated in mice with acute pancreatitis (AP) by gene sequencing: microRNA (miR)-320-3p and matrix metalloprotease 8 (MMP8). This study was designed to determine whether miR-320-3p and MMP8 participate in AP development and explore the mechanisms, with a new idea for clinical diagnosis and treatment of AP. Expression of miR-320-3p, DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), and MMP8 in mouse pancreatic tissues and AR42J cells was tested by RT-qPCR and western blot assays. Pancreatic pathological changes, serum amylase and lipase, and inflammatory factors in mouse serum and cell supernatant were measured by hematoxylin-eosin staining, automation analyzer, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The interaction between miR-320-3p, DNMT3a, and MMP8 was verified by luciferase activity assay, ChIP-qPCR, and MSP assay. High expression of miR-320-3p and MMP8, and low expression of DNMT3a were observed in pancreatic tissues of AP mice and caerulein-induced AP cellular model. Downregulation of miR-320-3p alleviated injury of mouse pancreas, reduced the levels of serum amylase and lipase, and blocked inflammatory factor levels in AP mice. In caerulein-induced AP cellular models, inhibiting miR-320-3p facilitated proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Upregulation of MMP8 resulted in the opposite results, which could be reversed by simultaneous inhibition of miR-320-3p. miR-320-3p targeted DNMT3a, and downregulating miR-320-3p promoted DNMT3a expression. Moreover, DNMT3a promoted DNA methylation in MMP8 promoter region, thereby inhibiting MMP8 expression in AP mouse and cellular models. This research suggests that miR-320-3p inhibits DNMT3a to reduce MMP8 methylation and increase MMP8 expression, thereby promoting AP progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Zimeng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Haosu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Lu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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Moukarzel LA, Ferrando L, Stylianou A, Lobaugh S, Wu M, Nobre SP, Iasonos A, Zoppoli G, Giri DD, Abu-Rustum NR, Broach VA, Iyengar NM, Weigelt B, Makker V. Impact of obesity and white adipose tissue inflammation on the omental microenvironment in endometrial cancer. Cancer 2022; 128:3297-3309. [PMID: 35793549 PMCID: PMC9976596 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex relationship between adipose tissue and malignancy, involving an inflammatory response, has been reported. The goal of this work was to assess the prevalence of white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation in patients with endometrial cancer (EC), and the association with circulating inflammation markers. Furthermore, the aim was to characterize the pathways activated in and the cell type composition of adipose tissue in patients with EC. METHODS Adipose tissue and blood samples were prospectively collected from 101 patients with EC at initial surgery. WAT inflammation was determined based on adipocytes surrounded by macrophages forming crown-like structures. Circulating levels of metabolic syndrome-associated and inflammatory markers were quantified. RNA-sequencing was performed on adipose samples (n = 55); differential gene expression, pathway, and cellular decomposition analyses were performed using state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. RESULTS WAT inflammation was identified in 46 (45.5%) of 101 EC patients. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with WAT inflammation (p < .05). WAT inflammation was associated with greater body mass index (p < .001) and higher circulating levels of leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, as well as lower levels of adiponectin and sex hormone-binding globulin (p < .05). Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated increased levels of proinflammatory and pro-neoplastic-related gene expression in inflamed omental adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS WAT inflammation is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and inflammatory markers, as well as increased expression of proinflammatory and proneoplastic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A. Moukarzel
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lorenzo Ferrando
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anthe Stylianou
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie Lobaugh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michelle Wu
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Silvana Pedra Nobre
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dilip D. Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Vance A. Broach
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vicky Makker
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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8
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Shi Y, Shu J, Ning Z, Fan D, Shu H, Zhao H, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C, Lu A, He X. Analysis of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function During the Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901697. [PMID: 35784282 PMCID: PMC9245434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is essential for metabolic and immune functions and has been linked to systemic inflammatory diseases. However, the role of the liver is still elusive during the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although there have been indeed some reports. We used label-free quantitative proteomics and experimental verification in this study to reveal the hepatic lipid metabolism and immune function during collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) development. The proteomics results revealed that the role of the liver differs in different phases of CIA rats. In terms of specific performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, which is primarily concerned with cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid, was significantly influenced in the CIA induction phase, whereas the immune function, which includes binding of granulocytes, adhesion of immune cells, etc., was affected considerably at the peak phase of CIA rats compared to normal rats. Finally, the hepatic dynamic changes in CIA rats were further confirmed using targeted metabolomics and ELISA. We found that most fatty acids of the liver in the CIA induction phase were significantly decreased, and proteins related to complement activation and migration or adhesion of immune cells including C3, MMP-8, CTSZ, and S100A9 were significantly increased in the liver of CIA rats in the peak phase. Our findings indicated that the lipid metabolism and immune function of the liver were influenced in CIA rats. Thus, the conditions of the liver during RA development should be considered in therapeutic and nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangchi Ning
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dancai Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Shu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shanghai GuangHua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Aiping Lu, ; Xiaojuan He,
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aiping Lu, ; Xiaojuan He,
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IL-21/IL-21R Regulates the Neutrophil-Mediated Pathologic Immune Response during Chlamydial Respiratory Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:4322092. [PMID: 35693111 PMCID: PMC9177341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4322092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21/IL-21R was documented to participate in the regulation of multiple infection and inflammation. During Chlamydia muridarum (C. muridarum) respiratory infection, our previous study had revealed that the absence of this signal induced enhanced resistance to infection with higher protective Th1/Th17 immune responses. Here, we use the murine model of C. muridarum respiratory infection and IL-21R deficient mice to further identify a novel role of IL-21/IL-21R in neutrophilic inflammation. Resistant IL-21R−/− mice showed impaired neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. In the absence of IL-21/IL-21R, pulmonary neutrophils also exhibited reduced activation status, including lower CD64 expression, MPO activity, and neutrophil-produced protein production. These results correlated well with the decrease of neutrophil-related chemokines (KC and MIP-2), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and TLR/MyD88 pathway mediators (TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88) in infected lungs of IL-21R−/− mice than normal mice. Complementarily, decreased pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, activity, and levels of neutrophilic chemotactic factors and TLR/MyD88 signal in infected lungs can be corrected by rIL-21 administration. These results revealed that IL-21/IL-21R may aggravate the neutrophil inflammation through regulating TLR/MyD88 signal pathway during chlamydial respiratory infection.
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Lähteenmäki H, Tervahartiala T, Räisänen IT, Pärnänen P, Mauramo M, Gupta S, Sampson V, Rathnayake N, Heikkinen AM, Alassiri S, Gieselmann DR, Frankenberger R, Sorsa T. Active MMP-8 point-of-care (PoC)/chairside enzyme-test as an adjunctive tool for early and real-time diagnosis of peri-implantitis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:485-496. [PMID: 35118828 PMCID: PMC9033547 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP‐8)‐point‐of‐care (PoC) test as a quantitative real‐time chair‐side diagnostic tool for peri‐implant diagnosis, as well as assess the potentially developing and ongoing risk relative to the traditional clinical methods. Background Current peri‐implant and periodontal disease diagnoses rely on clinical and radiological examinations. This case‐control study investigated the applicability of aMMP‐8‐PoC immunotest for quantitative real‐time diagnosis and monitoring of dental implants in health and disease. Methods Sixty‐eight patients visiting a specialist clinic for maintenance following dental implant placement underwent assessment of their peri‐implant health. aMMP‐8‐PoC peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) lateral‐flow immunotests were performed using ImplantSafe® technology quantitated by ORALyzer®. In addition, the PISF samples were analyzed for total MMP‐8, calprotectin, and interleukin (IL)‐6 by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), aMMP‐8 by western immunoblot, and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 by gelatin zymography. Results The aMMP‐8‐PoC test promptly recorded and reflected peri‐implant disease, differentiating it clearly from health. X‐ray findings (bone loss > 2 mm), peri‐implant pocket depth ≥ 3 mm, and bleeding on probing were significantly more prevalent among implants positive for the aMMP‐8‐PoC test. aMMP‐8/ORALyzer analysis was more precise in recording disease than total MMP‐8, calprotectin, IL‐6, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9. Conclusions The aMMP‐8‐PoC test can be conveniently implemented to alert for and detect active collagenolysis affecting peri‐implant tissues, both in the early and advanced stages of the disease. Active and fragmented MMP‐8 exhibits a strong and significant association with peri‐implantitis as compared to total MMP‐8 and other biomarkers and can be utilized as the POC/chairside biomarker of choice in the new classification of peri‐implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo T Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Mauramo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLab, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Victoria Sampson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilminie Rathnayake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saeed Alassiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department for Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Philipps University Marburg and University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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11
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Hernández M, Baeza M, Räisänen IT, Contreras J, Tervahartiala T, Chaparro A, Sorsa T, Hernández-Ríos P. Active MMP-8 Quantitative Test as an Adjunctive Tool for Early Diagnosis of Periodontitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081503. [PMID: 34441437 PMCID: PMC8394100 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a host-mediated bacterial disease that affects the tooth attachment apparatus. Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), a validated biomarker, could aid in clinical diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of active (a) MMP-8 immunotest versus total (t) MMP-8 ELISA for quantitative real-time diagnosis and assessment of periodontitis severity at the site level. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was sampled from 30 healthy, 42 mild, and 59 severe periodontitis sites from thirty-one volunteers. MMP-8 concentrations were determined by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using the STATA package. Both active and total MMP-8-based methods discriminated among sites according to periodontal diagnosis and severity, with a positive correlation between the two tests (p < 0.001). (a) MMP-8 models showed the best performance in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to discriminate between healthy and periodontitis sites (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.89), while (t) MMP-8 demonstrated a high diagnostic precision in the detection of mild from severe periodontitis sites (AUC ≥ 0.80). The use of (a) MMP-8 and (t) MMP-8 could represent a useful adjunctive tool for periodontitis diagnosis and severity. These results support the applicability of new point-of-care methods in the monitoring of high-risk periodontal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - Mauricio Baeza
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.B.); (J.C.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 7510040, Chile
| | - Ismo T. Räisänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (I.T.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Johanna Contreras
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (I.T.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Alejandra Chaparro
- Department of Periodontology, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (I.T.R.); (T.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Patricia Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile; (M.B.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2978-1839
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12
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Reekie IR, Sharma S, Foers A, Sherlock J, Coles MC, Dick AD, Denniston AK, Buckley CD. The Cellular Composition of the Uveal Immune Environment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:721953. [PMID: 34778287 PMCID: PMC8586083 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The uveal tract consists of the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid; these three distinct tissues form a continuous layer within the eye. Uveitis refers to inflammation of any region of the uveal tract. Despite being grouped together anatomically, the iris, ciliary body and choroid are distinct functionally, and inflammatory diseases may affect only one part and not the others. Cellular structure of tissues direct their function, and understanding the cellular basis of the immune environment of a tissue in health, the "steady state" on which the perturbations of disease are superimposed, is vital to understanding the pathogenesis of those diseases. A contemporary understanding of the immune system accepts that haematopoietic and yolk sac derived leukocytes, though vital, are not the only players of importance. An array of stromal cells, connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells, may also have a role in the inflammatory reaction seen in several immune-mediated diseases. In this review we summarise what is known about the cellular composition of the uveal tract and the roles these disparate cell types have to play in immune homeostasis. We also discuss some unanswered questions surrounding the constituents of the resident leukocyte population of the different uveal tissues, and we look ahead to the new understanding that modern investigative techniques such as single cell transcriptomics, multi-omic data integration and highly-multiplexed imaging techniques may bring to the study of the uvea and uveitis, as they already have to other immune mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Reekie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Srilakshmi Sharma
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Foers
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Sherlock
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Coles
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Dick
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair K. Denniston
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Buckley
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Christopher D. Buckley
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13
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Grønlien HK, Christoffersen TE, Nystrand CF, Garabet L, Syvertsen T, Moe MK, Olstad OK, Jonassen CM. Cytokine and Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with HFE-Associated Hereditary Hemochromatosis according to Genetic Profile. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:446-457. [PMID: 33326952 DOI: 10.1159/000511551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemochromatosis gene (HFE)-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by downregulation of hepcidin synthesis, leading to increased intestinal iron absorption. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to characterize and elucidate a possible association between gene expression profile, hepcidin levels, disease severity, and markers of inflammation in HFE-associated HH patients. METHODS Thirty-nine HFE-associated HH patients were recruited and assigned to 2 groups according to genetic profile: C282Y homozygotes in 1 group and patients with H63D, as homozygote or in combination with C282Y, in the other group. Eleven healthy first-time blood donors were recruited as controls. Gene expression was characterized from peripheral blood cells, and inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin-25 isoform were quantified in serum. Biochemical disease characteristics were recorded. RESULTS Elevated levels of interleukin 8 were observed in a significant higher proportion of patients than controls. In addition, compared to controls, gene expression of ζ-globin was significantly increased among C282Y homozygote patients, while gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8, and other neutrophil-secreted proteins, was significantly upregulated in patients with H63D. CONCLUSION Different disease signatures may characterize HH patients according to their HFE genetic profile. Studies on larger populations, including analyses at protein level, are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lamya Garabet
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Terje Syvertsen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Morten K Moe
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway,
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,
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14
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Mikolai C, Branitzki-Heinemann K, Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis A, Stiesch M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Winkel A. Neutrophils exhibit an individual response to different oral bacterial biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1856565. [PMID: 33391628 PMCID: PMC7733916 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1856565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral innate immunity is led by neutrophils. It is still unclear how their main antimicrobial mechanisms against different biofilms may contribute to balance or dysregulation in the oral cavity. We investigated the capacity of commensal (Streptococcus oralis) and pathogenic (Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) monospecies biofilms to induce or to inhibit selected antimicrobial mechanisms of neutrophils. S. oralis induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 8 and 9 secretion. However, these responses were partially reduced in PMA-activated neutrophils indicating a balance-like neutrophil response, which might be important for the maintenance of oral health. P. gingivalis generally induced ROS. Reduced NET formation and significantly decreased MMP secretion were detectable in activated neutrophils highlighting P. gingivalis’ nucleolytic and proteolytic activity, which might support bacterial colonization and pathogenesis of periodontitis. In contrast, A. actinomycetemcomitans did not affect the levels of antimicrobial factors in activated neutrophils and induced NET formation, ROS production, and secretion of MMP-8 and -9 in neutrophils alone, which might contribute to tissue destruction and disease progression. In summary, neutrophil responses to biofilms were species-specific and might support either maintenance of oral health or pathogenesis of periodontitis depending on the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mikolai
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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15
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Wang Y, Duo D, Yan Y, He R, Wang S, Wang A, Wu X. Bioactive constituents of Salvia przewalskii and the molecular mechanism of its antihypoxia effects determined using quantitative proteomics. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:469-477. [PMID: 32476549 PMCID: PMC7336993 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1762668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Environmental hypobaric hypoxia induces several physiological or pathological responses in individuals in high-altitude regions. Salvia przewalskii Maxim (Labiatae) (SPM) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and has known antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-thrombotic, and anti-depressant activities.Objective: This study examined the antihypoxia effects of SPM in vivo.Materials and methods: The dried and pulverised of SPM was extracted from root crude drug with 70% ethanol with ultrasound. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 10): normal group, hypoxia group (altitude of 4260 m), and hypoxia + SPM group (altitude of 4260 m, SPM of 1.0 g/kg/day). The experiment persisted for 4 weeks. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA, and lung pathology were analysed using pulmonary artery pressure recorder, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and histopathological analysis. Moreover, the effects of SPM on lung proteomes during hypoxia were observed by a TMT-based proteomic approach.Results: Pre-treatment with SPM decreased mPAP (24.86%) and HIF-1α (31.24%), and attenuated the pathological changes in lung tissues. In addition, a total of 28 proteins were differentially expressed in lung of hypoxia + SPM group (fold change > ± 1.2 and p < 0.05). The differentially altered proteins were primarily associated with antioxidative stress, as evidenced by the downregulated expression of Adh7, Cyp2d1, Plod2, Selenow, ND3, and Fabp1, and fructose metabolism, as evidenced by the downregulated expression of Khk and Aldob.Discussion and conclusions: These results suggested that SPM is a promising drug for antihypoxia. The mechanism of action might be related to increasing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Delong Duo
- People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Yingjun Yan
- People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Rongyue He
- People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | | | - Aixia Wang
- People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xinan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Cerezo-Wallis D, Contreras-Alcalde M, Troulé K, Catena X, Mucientes C, Calvo TG, Cañón E, Tejedo C, Pennacchi PC, Hogan S, Kölblinger P, Tejero H, Chen AX, Ibarz N, Graña-Castro O, Martinez L, Muñoz J, Ortiz-Romero P, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Gómez-López G, Al-Shahrour F, Rabadán R, Levesque MP, Olmeda D, Soengas MS. Midkine rewires the melanoma microenvironment toward a tolerogenic and immune-resistant state. Nat Med 2020; 26:1865-1877. [PMID: 33077955 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An open question in aggressive cancers such as melanoma is how malignant cells can shift the immune system to pro-tumorigenic functions. Here we identify midkine (MDK) as a melanoma-secreted driver of an inflamed, but immune evasive, microenvironment that defines poor patient prognosis and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Mechanistically, MDK was found to control the transcriptome of melanoma cells, allowing for coordinated activation of nuclear factor-κB and downregulation of interferon-associated pathways. The resulting MDK-modulated secretome educated macrophages towards tolerant phenotypes that promoted CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In contrast, genetic targeting of MDK sensitized melanoma cells to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 treatment. Emphasizing the translational relevance of these findings, the expression profile of MDK-depleted tumors was enriched in key indicators of a good response to immune checkpoint blockers in independent patient cohorts. Together, these data reveal that MDK acts as an internal modulator of autocrine and paracrine signals that maintain immune suppression in aggressive melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cerezo-Wallis
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Contreras-Alcalde
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Troulé
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Catena
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cynthia Mucientes
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tonantzin G Calvo
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Cañón
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejedo
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula C Pennacchi
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina Hogan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Tejero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew X Chen
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departament of Systems Biology, Departament of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nuria Ibarz
- Proteomics Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and ProteoRed-ISCIII, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Martinez
- Proteomics Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and ProteoRed-ISCIII, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz-Romero
- Dermatology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense Madrid Medical School, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Rodriguez-Peralto
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense Madrid Medical School, Madrid, Spain.,Pathology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense Madrid Medical School, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Rabadán
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departament of Systems Biology, Departament of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Olmeda
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María S Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Silbergleit M, Vasquez AA, Miller CJ, Sun J, Kato I. Oral and intestinal bacterial exotoxins: Potential linked to carcinogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:131-193. [PMID: 32475520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that imbalances in resident microbes (dysbiosis) can promote chronic inflammation, immune-subversion, and production of carcinogenic metabolites, thus leading to neoplasia. Yet, evidence to support a direct link of individual bacteria species to human sporadic cancer is still limited. This chapter focuses on several emerging bacterial toxins that have recently been characterized for their potential oncogenic properties toward human orodigestive cancer and the presence of which in human tissue samples has been documented. These include cytolethal distending toxins produced by various members of gamma and epsilon Proteobacteria, Dentilisin from mammalian oral Treponema, Pasteurella multocida toxin, two Fusobacterial toxins, FadA and Fap2, Bacteroides fragilis toxin, colibactin, cytotoxic necrotizing factors and α-hemolysin from Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica AvrA. It was clear that these bacterial toxins have biological activities to induce several hallmarks of cancer. Some toxins directly interact with DNA or chromosomes leading to their breakdowns, causing mutations and genome instability, and others modulate cell proliferation, replication and death and facilitate immune evasion and tumor invasion, prying specific oncogene and tumor suppressor pathways, such as p53 and β-catenin/Wnt. In addition, most bacterial toxins control tumor-promoting inflammation in complex and diverse mechanisms. Despite growing laboratory evidence to support oncogenic potential of selected bacterial toxins, we need more direct evidence from human studies and mechanistic data from physiologically relevant experimental animal models, which can reflect chronic infection in vivo, as well as take bacterial-bacterial interactions among microbiome into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian A Vasquez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carol J Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Healthy Urban Waters, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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18
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Romero-Castro NS, Vázquez-Villamar M, Muñoz-Valle JF, Reyes-Fernández S, Serna-Radilla VO, García-Arellano S, Castro-Alarcón N. Relationship between TNF-α, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels in gingival crevicular fluid and the subgingival microbiota in periodontal disease. Odontology 2019; 108:25-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Sex-specific maternofetal innate immune responses triggered by group B Streptococci. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8587. [PMID: 31197179 PMCID: PMC6565749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated in human chorioamnionitis, which is a major risk factor for premature birth and brain injuries. Males are at greater risk than females for developing lifelong neurobehavioural disorders, although the origins of this sex bias remain poorly understood. We previously showed that end-gestational inflammation triggered by GBS led to early neurodevelopmental impairments mainly in the male rat progeny. Identifying key inflammatory players involved in maternofetal immune activation by specific pathogens is critical to develop appropriate novel therapeutic interventions. We aimed to map out the GBS-induced profile of innate immune biomarkers in the maternal-placental-fetal axis, and to compare this immune profile between male and female tissues. We describe here that the GBS-induced immune signalling involved significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1/CXCL1) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) infiltration in male compared to female maternofetal tissues. Although male - but not female - fetuses presented increased levels of IL-1β, fetuses from both sexes in-utero exposed to GBS had increased levels of TNF-α in their circulation. Levels of IL-1β detected in fetal sera correlated positively with the levels found in maternal circulation. Here, we report for the first time that the maternofetal innate immune signalling induced by GBS presents a sexually dichotomous profile, with more prominent inflammation in males than females. These sex-specific placental and fetal pro-inflammatory responses are in keeping with the higher susceptibility of the male population for preterm birth, brain injuries and neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders.
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Lamas JR, Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Mucientes A, Marco F, Lopiz Y, Jover JA, Abasolo L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez L. RNA sequencing of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a blocking of differentiation and immunomodulatory activities under inflammatory conditions in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:112. [PMID: 31060598 PMCID: PMC6501285 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into different types of cells of the mesenchymal lineage, such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. It is also known that under inflammatory stimuli or in the appropriate experimental conditions, they can also act as regulators of inflammation. Thus, in addition to their regenerating potential, their interest has been extended to their possible use in cell therapy strategies for treatment of immune disorders. Objective To analyze, by RNA-seq analysis, the transcriptome profiling of allogenic MSCs under RA lymphocyte activation. Methods We identified the differentially expressed genes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after exposure to an inflammatory environment. The transcriptome profiling was evaluated by means of the precise measurement of transcripts provided by the RNA-Seq technology. Results Our results evidenced the existence of blocking of both regenerative (differentiation) and immunomodulatory phenotypes under inflammatory conditions characterized by an upregulation of genes involved in immune processes and a simultaneous downregulation of genes mainly involved in regenerative or cell differentiation functions. Conclusions We conclude that the two main functions of MSCs (immunomodulation and differentiation) are blocked, at least while the inflammation is being resolved. Inflammation, at least partially mediated by gamma-interferon, drives MSCs to a cellular distress adopting a defensive state. This knowledge could be of particular interest in cases where the damage to be repaired has an important immune-mediated component. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1894-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramon Lamas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Fernandez-Gutierrez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arkaitz Mucientes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Marco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Lopiz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Angel Jover
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Abasolo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of canine myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3574. [PMID: 30837603 PMCID: PMC6400936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key players in immune evasion, tumor progression and metastasis. MDSCs accumulate under various pathological states and fall into two functionally and phenotypically distinct subsets that have been identified in humans and mice: polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs and monocytic (M)-MDSCs. As dogs are an excellent model for human tumor development and progression, we set out to identify PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs in clinical canine oncology patients. Canine hypodense MHC class II-CD5-CD21-CD11b+ cells can be subdivided into polymorphonuclear (CADO48A+CD14-) and monocytic (CADO48A-CD14+) MDSC subsets. The transcriptomic signatures of PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs are distinct, and moreover reveal a statistically significant similarity between canine and previously published human PMN-MDSC gene expression patterns. As in humans, peripheral blood frequencies of canine PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs are significantly higher in dogs with cancer compared to healthy control dogs (PMN-MDSCs: p < 0.001; M-MDSCs: p < 0.01). By leveraging the power of evolution, we also identified additional conserved genes in PMN-MDSCs of multiple species that may play a role in MDSC function. Our findings therefore validate the dog as a model for studying MDSCs in the context of cancer.
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Mester A, Ciobanu L, Taulescu M, Apostu D, Lucaciu O, Filip GA, Feldrihan V, Licarete E, Ilea A, Piciu A, Oltean‐Dan D, Scurtu I, Berce C, Campian RS. Periodontal disease may induce liver fibrosis in an experimental study on Wistar rats. J Periodontol 2019; 90:911-919. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Lidia Ciobanu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Dragos Apostu
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Vasile Feldrihan
- Department of Allergology and ImmunologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio‐Nano‐SciencesBabes‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Andra Piciu
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Daniel Oltean‐Dan
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Iuliu Scurtu
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Cristian Berce
- Animal FacilityUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office ManagementUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu” Cluj‐Napoca Romania
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Pakkanen PP, Aaltonen LM, Sorsa TA, Tervahartiala TI, Hagström JK, Ilmarinen TT. Serum matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1: Potential markers for malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and for prognosis of laryngeal cancer. Head Neck 2018; 41:309-314. [PMID: 30549356 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers that could predict malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) would be useful in patient follow-up. We investigated whether serum matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) could predict malignant transformation of RRP and whether they associate with survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) without preexisting RRP. METHODS We analyzed serum MMP-8 (S-MMP-8) and serum TIMP-1 (s-TIMP-1) in 114 patients: 55 were treated for RRP and 59 for LSCC without preexisting RRP. Five patients with RRP developed LSCC during follow-up. RESULTS Elevated S-MMP-8 level in RRP was associated with malignant transformation (P = .01). Compared to patients with RRP, S-MMP-8 in patients with LSCC was significantly higher (P < .001). Increased S-TIMP-1 level in LSCC was associated with poor overall survival (P = .02) and recurrence-free survival (P = .05). CONCLUSION In RRP, high S-MMP-8 may predict malignant transformation. In LSCC, elevated S-TIMP-1 is connected to poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pihla P Pakkanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo A Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taina I Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana K Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru T Ilmarinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Effect of matrix metalloproteinase 8 inhibitor and chlorhexidine on the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and cytokine level of MDPC-23. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e301-e308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Holmström E, Myntti T, Sorsa T, Kruit H, Juhila J, Paavonen J, Rahkonen L, Stefanovic V. Cervical and Amniotic Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and Interleukin-6 Concentrations in Preterm Pregnancies with or without Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Fetal Diagn Ther 2018; 46:103-110. [PMID: 30308501 DOI: 10.1159/000493207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intra-amniotic inflammation is defined by elevated inflammatory biomarkers in the amniotic fluid (AF), either due to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) or sterile inflammation. Amniocentesis being an invasive procedure, we wanted to investigate whether elevated matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations could be detected from cervical fluid samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 67 women with singleton nondiabetic pregnancies with or without preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 22+0 and 37+0 weeks of gestation. Simultaneous AF and cervical samples were obtained. RESULTS In women without PPROM, cervical MMP-8 concentrations correlated with AF MMP-8 concentrations (rS = 0.466, p = 0.002), but cervical IL-6 did not correlate with AF IL-6 (rS = 0.277, p = 0.076). In PPROM cases no correlations were found. Women with MIAC had higher concentrations of AF MMP-8 and AF IL-6 compared to women without MIAC regardless of membrane status. However, only women without PPROM had higher concentrations of cervical MMP-8 in proven MIAC. CONCLUSION In women without PPROM, cervical MMP-8 concentration reflects the magnitude of AF MMP-8, thus potentially guiding the selection of patients benefitting from amniocentesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Holmström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
| | - Tarja Myntti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Heidi Kruit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jorma Paavonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Rahkonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vedran Stefanovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Identification of genes underlying the enhancement of immunity by a formula of lentinan, pachymaran and tremelia polysaccharides in immunosuppressive mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10082. [PMID: 29973708 PMCID: PMC6031631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of polysaccharides is widespread, especially in immune regulation. However, the genetic basis of the changes in polysaccharides regulating immunity is unclear. To obtain genome-wide insights into transcriptome changes and regulatory networks, we designed a polysaccharide formula, comprising lentinan, pachymaran and tremelia, to increase the availability of their optimized active sites. In this case, we focused on a model of immunosuppression to investigate genes by digital gene expression (DGE) tag profiling in T and B cells. These genes were further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot experiments. Consequently, polysaccharide formula treatment helped to recover the expression of immune-related genes, including CADM1, CCR2, IGLL1, LIGP1, and FCGR3, FCGR2 in B cells, as well as S100A8, S100A9, ChIL3, MMP8 and IFITM3 in T cells. These results suggest that treatment with polysaccharides improves the immunity of immunosuppressive mice by regulating genes associated with T and B cell functions.
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Uveal melanocytes express high constitutive levels of MMP-8 which can be upregulated by TNF-α via the MAPK pathway. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:181-191. [PMID: 29935949 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 is the most potent MMP for degrading collagen type-1 and plays an important role in inflammatory reactions and tissue remolding processes. MMP-8 is expressed mainly by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and is not expressed constitutively by most non-leukocytes. We studied the constitutive and TNF-α-induced expression of MMP-8 in cultured human uveal melanocytes (UM) and the relevant signal pathways involved. Conditioned media and cells were collected from UM and other cell types. MMP-8 proteins and mRNA were measured using ELISA kit, western blot and real time RT-PCR, respectively. Phosphorylated p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 were measured by ELISA kit and western blot. Very high levels of MMP-8 proteins and mRNA were detected in the conditioned media and cell lysates in 11 UM cell lines and three uveal melanoma cell lines cultured without serum, but not in media and cell lysates from other ocular resident cells or 12 malignant cell lines from other tissues, with exception of cutaneous melanoma cells. TNF-α moderately increased MMP-8 mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner, accompanied by a significant increase of phosphorylated JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 in cell lysates. ERK1/2 (U0126) and JNK1/2 (SP600125) inhibitors significantly blocked TNF-α-induced and constitutive expression of MMP-8 in UM. This is the first report on the expression and secretion of MMP-8 by UM and uveal melanoma cells. The data suggest that UM may play a role in the remolding process and pathogenesis of inflammatory-related diseases in the eye via secretion of MMP-8.
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Qiu S, He P, Fang X, Tong H, Lv J, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhai X, Wang L, Hu Z, Yu Y. Significant transcriptome and cytokine changes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders revealed by genome-wide comparative analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1763-1772. [PMID: 29580160 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1450122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals fail to elicit protective antibody after hepatitis B vaccination remain at risk for hepatitis B virus infection. Analysis of the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is essential to elucidate the characteristics of gene expression in non-responders. In this study, we enrolled seven responders who had received three injections and seven non-responders who had six injections of hepatitis B vaccine before. All the participants were then vaccinated with a three-dose boost regimen. Microarray analysis and Luminex assay were applied to examine mRNA expression and Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cytokine and chemokine profiles in non-responders and responders. Differentially expressed genes in PBMCs of non-responders at 5 time points, i.e. pre-vaccination, 3rd, 7th, 28th day post the first dose vaccination and 7th day post the second dose vaccination indicated a dense network trend. Compared with responders, nine coding genes (BPI, DEFA1B, DEFA4, CEACAM8, MMP8, FOLR3, LTF, TCN1 and TKTL1) were significantly up-regulated in non-responders at all 5 time points, which could probably be the characteristic genes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responsiveness. Gene ontology analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were related with immune responses. Validation results of these 9 genes using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were mostly consistent with the results of microarray. Cytokine analysis demonstrated that IL-27 and CXCL12 concentrations in responders were significantly higher than non-responders on the 3rd day after the first dose and 7th day after the second dose of vaccination, respectively. No significant difference was observed in other cytokine and chemokine signatures between the two groups. In conclusion, our results revealed characteristic transcriptome and cytokine changes in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders after boost immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Qiu
- a Department of Immunology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun , China.,b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Peng He
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Fang
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Haiqing Tong
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Jingjing Lv
- c Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- c Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , China
| | - Li Zhang
- c Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , China
| | - Xiangjun Zhai
- d Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanjing , China
| | - Liying Wang
- e Department of Molecular Biology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Zhongyu Hu
- b Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Yongli Yu
- a Department of Immunology , College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Nikolic A. Pathophysiology and Genetics of Bronchiectasis Unrelated to Cystic Fibrosis. Lung 2018; 196:383-392. [PMID: 29754320 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is characterized by deregulated inflammatory response and recurrent bacterial infection resulting in progressive lung damage and an irreversible dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles. Generally accepted model of the development of bronchiectasis is the "vicious cycle hypothesis" that proposes compromising of the mucociliary clearance by an initial event, which leads to the infection of the respiratory tract followed by further impairment of mucociliary function, bacterial proliferation, and more inflammation. Bronchiectasis is a very common symptom in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), while bronchiectasis unrelated to CF is heterogeneous pathology of unknown cause with a large number of potential contributory factors and poorly understood pathogenesis. It is presumed that bronchiectasis unrelated to CF is a multifactorial condition predisposed by genetic factors. Different molecules have been implicated in the onset and development of idiopathic bronchiectasis, as well as modulation of the disease severity and response to therapy. Most of these molecules are involved in the processes that contribute to the homeostasis of the lung tissue, especially mucociliary clearance, protease-antiprotease balance, and immunomodulation. Evaluation of the studies performed towards investigation of the role these molecules play in bronchiectasis identifies genetic variants that may be of potential importance for clinical management of the disease, and also of interest for future research efforts. This review focuses on the molecules with major roles in lung homeostasis and their involvement in bronchiectasis unrelated to CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444A, PO Box 23, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia.
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De Colli M, Tortorella P, Agamennone M, Campestre C, Loiodice F, Cataldi A, Zara S. Bisphosfonate matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for the treatment of periodontitis: An in vitro study. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:651-657. [PMID: 29717767 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by anaerobic bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated persistent inflammation is responsible for an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of the present study was to investigate synthesized bisphosphonic MMP inhibitors, in an in vitro model consisting of human gingival fibroblasts exposed to LPS, and to compare the biological responses to those induced by zoledronate (ZA), a commercial bisphosphonate. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to measure cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively. ELISA was performed to evaluate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)6 and collagen secretion, while western blotting was used to analyze MMP expression. No effect on viability and low cytotoxicity were observed following treatment with bisphosphonate compounds. In the present study, treatment with compound 1 did not increase the release of PGE2 and IL6. Increased levels of collagen I secretion were reported when compound 3 and ZA were administered. An increase of MMP8 was observed following ZA treatment, while a decrease of MMP9 and MMP14 following treatment with compounds 1, 2 and ZA were reported. The performance of compound 1 was optimal in terms of cell viability. Compound 1 also did not induce inflammation, and had the ability to counteract LPS‑induced increases in MMP expression. These data suggested that compound 1 was the most suitable treatment to progress to an in vivo animal study, with the aim to confirm its use for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna De Colli
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Department of Pharmacy‑Pharmaceutical Science, University 'A. Moro' Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Agamennone
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy‑Pharmaceutical Science, University 'A. Moro' Bari, I‑70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti‑Pescara, I‑66100 Chieti, Italy
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Neutrophils Release Metalloproteinases during Adhesion in the Presence of Insulin, but Cathepsin G in the Presence of Glucagon. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1574928. [PMID: 29670459 PMCID: PMC5833473 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1574928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with reperfusion after ischemia and early development of diabetes, neutrophils can attach to blood vessel walls and release their aggressive bactericide agents, which damage the vascular walls. Insulin and 17β-estradiol (E2) relieve the vascular complications observed in metabolic disorders. In contrast, glucagon plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. We studied the effect of hormones on neutrophil secretion during adhesion to fibronectin. Amino acid analysis revealed that proteins secreted by neutrophils are characterized by a stable amino acid profile enriched with glutamate, leucine, lysine, and arginine. The total amount of secreted proteins defined as the sum of detected amino acids was increased in the presence of insulin and reduced in the presence of glucagon. E2 did not affect the amount of protein secretion. Proteome analysis showed that in the presence of insulin and E2, neutrophils secreted metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-8 playing a key role in modulation of the extracellular matrix. In contrast, glucagon induced the secretion of cathepsin G, a key bactericide protease of neutrophils. Cathepsin G can promote the development of vascular complications because of its proinflammatory activity and ability to stimulate neutrophil adhesion via the proteolysis of surface receptors.
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Odermarsky M, Pesonen E, Sorsa T, Lernmark Å, Pussinen PJ, Liuba P. HLA, infections and inflammation in early stages of atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:41-47. [PMID: 29064046 PMCID: PMC5794827 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This prospective study focuses on risk factors for arterial damage in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Eighty children and adolescents with T1D were investigated twice, approximately 2 years apart, for carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and compliance (CAC), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8. All subjects were genotyped for HLA. The number of respiratory tract infections (RTI) during the past year was obtained by a questionnaire in 56 patients. RESULTS cIMT progression, defined as percentage (%) change of cIMT from baseline, correlated inversely with the % changes of both CAC (p = 0.04, r = - 0.3; n = 62) and FMD (p = 0.03, r = - 0.3; n = 47). In multivariate analysis, RTI frequency correlated significantly with cIMT progression irrespective of age, diabetes duration, BMI, and HbA1c (p = 0.03, r = 0.3). When patients were divided in relation to RTI, the association of DQ2/8 with cIMT progression remained significant in patients with over three infections/year (p = 0.04, r = 0.3). During follow-up, the group of DQ2/8 patients with hsCRP > 1 mg/l showed significantly higher levels of plasma MMP-8 than the non-DQ2/8 group. CONCLUSIONS The diabetes-risk genotype DQ2/8 and systemic inflammation contribute to pro-atherosclerotic vascular changes in children and adolescents with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Odermarsky
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Paediatric Heart Center, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erkki Pesonen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Paediatric Heart Center, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petru Liuba
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Paediatric Heart Center, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
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Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Docheva N, Chaiyasit N, Bhatti G, Pacora P, Hassan SS, Yeo L, Erez O. Comparison of rapid MMP-8 and interleukin-6 point-of-care tests to identify intra-amniotic inflammation/infection and impending preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes . J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 31:228-244. [PMID: 28081646 PMCID: PMC5769687 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1281904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among patients presenting with preterm labor and intact membranes, those with intra-amniotic inflammation have adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. The diagnosis of intra-amniotic inflammation can easily be made by detecting an elevated concentration of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 or the enzyme neutrophil collagenase, also known as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8. The diagnostic performances of MMP-8 and IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests are similar. Recently, a rapid test has become available for point-of-care determination of either MMP-8 or IL-6. The objectives of this study were to compare the diagnostic indices and predictive values between the rapid MMP-8 and IL-6 tests for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including 124 women with singleton pregnancies who presented with symptoms of preterm labor and underwent transabdominal amniocentesis for the evaluation of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC). MIAC was defined according to amniotic fluid culture results (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as genital Mycoplasmas). Amniotic fluid white blood cell (WBC) counts were determined using a hemocytometer chamber. An elevated amniotic fluid MMP-8 concentration was assessed using Yoon's MMP-8 Check® (cutoff: 10 ng/mL). An elevated amniotic fluid IL-6 concentration was scored when there was a positive result for the lateral flow-based immunoassay (cutoff: ≥745 pg/mL and ≥1000 pg/mL). In order to objectively compare rapid MMP-8 and rapid IL-6 tests to identify intra-amniotic inflammation, an amniotic fluid WBC count of ≥50 cells/mm3 was used to define intra-amniotic inflammation. RESULTS (1) The rapid tests had the same sensitivity for the detection of intra-amniotic inflammation [85.7% (18/21) for all]; (2) the specificity of the rapid MMP-8 test was higher than that of the rapid IL-6 test (cutoff: 745 pg/mL) for the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation [72.8% (75/103) vs. 64.1% (66/103); p < 0.05]; and (3) there were no differences in the sensitivity and specificity between the rapid MMP-8 test and the rapid IL-6 test (cutoff:1000 pg/mL) in the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation. Of 13 patients with discrepant results between the rapid MMP-8 and rapid IL-6 tests, two had a positive MMP-8 but a negative rapid IL-6 test, and both delivered preterm - one within 24 h, and the other within 10 days - and both had acute histologic chorioamnionitis. On the other hand, there were 11 patients with a positive rapid IL-6 but a negative rapid MMP-8 result: 10 delivered preterm, 3 had acute histologic chorioamnionitis and 1 had subacute chorionitis. CONCLUSION We conclude that the rapid MMP-8 test has a better specificity than the rapid IL-6 (cutoff: 745 pg/mL) assay for the detection of intra-amniotic infection. Moreover, we observed that among patients who were not identified as having intra-amniotic infection or inflammation by the standard cultivation technique and amniotic fluid WBC count, those who had a positive MMP-8 rapid test delivered preterm and had acute histologic chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nikolina Docheva
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Simultaneous Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 Completely Protects Against Acute Inflammation and Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2017; 46:e67-e75. [PMID: 29095202 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis causes very high mortality and morbidity rates and remains one of the biggest medical challenges. This study investigates whether plasma levels of both matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 are associated with sepsis severity and also investigates the therapeutic applicability of simultaneous inhibition of the two molecules in sepsis. DESIGN Observational human pilot study-prospective controlled animal study. SETTING University hospital and research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sepsis patients and C57BL/6 mice deficient for matrix metalloproteinase 8 and/or tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. INTERVENTION Plasma and whole blood RNA were collected from 13 sepsis patients for 7 consecutive days and within 24 hours of admission to ICU. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 plasma and expression levels were determined in these patients. Mice deficient for both matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 were generated and subjected to endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture. Additionally, a bispecific Nanobody that simultaneously blocks matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 was created. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 were positively correlated with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (r, 0.51 and 0.58) and interleukin 6 levels (r, 0.59 and 0.52) in 13 sepsis patients. Combined elimination of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 8 in double knockout mice resulted in superior survival in endotoxemia and CLP compared with single knockouts and wild-type mice. Cotreatment with our bispecific Nanobody in CLP resulted in improved survival rates (28% vs 19%) compared with untreated mice. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 might have therapeutic potential to treat sepsis and proof-of-principle was provided as therapeutics that inhibit both tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 8 are effective in CLP.
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Yushi Q, Li Z, Von Roemeling CA, Doeppler H, Marlow LA, Kim BYS, Radisky DC, Storz P, Copland JA, Tun HW. Osteopontin is a multi-faceted pro-tumorigenic driver for central nervous system lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32156-71. [PMID: 27050077 PMCID: PMC5078004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is the most upregulated gene in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) compared to non-CNS diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We show here that OPN is a key mediator of intracerebral tumor growth, invasion, and dissemination in CNS lymphoma, and that these effects depend upon activation of NF-κB. We further show that activation of NF-κB by OPN occurs through a unique mechanism in which intracellular OPN (iOPN) causes transcriptional downregulation of the NF-κB inhibitors, A20/TNFAIP3 and ABIN1/TNIP1, and secretory OPN (sOPN) promotes receptor-mediated activation of NF-κB. We also identify NF-κB-mediated induction of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) as a specific feature of OPN-mediated tissue invasion. These results implicate OPN as a candidate for development of targeted therapy for patients with PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yushi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Heike Doeppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura A Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Han W Tun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Gonçalves J, Leitão RA, Higuera-Matas A, Assis MA, Coria SM, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Ambrosio E, Silva AP. Extended-access methamphetamine self-administration elicits neuroinflammatory response along with blood-brain barrier breakdown. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:306-317. [PMID: 28237710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that can lead to neurological and psychiatric abnormalities. Several studies have explored the central impact of METH use, but the mechanism(s) underlying blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and associated neuroinflammatory processes after chronic METH consumption are still unclear. Important findings in the field are mainly based on in vitro approaches and animal studies using an acute METH paradigm, and not much is known about the neurovascular alterations under a chronic drug use. Thus, the present study aimed to fill this crucial gap by exploring the effect of METH-self administration on BBB function and neuroinflammatory responses. Herein, we observed an increase of BBB permeability characterized by Evans blue and albumin extravasation in the rat hippocampus and striatum triggered by extended-access METH self-administration followed by forced abstinence. Also, there was a clear structural alteration of blood vessels showed by the down-regulation of collagen IV staining, which is an important protein of the endothelial basement membrane, together with a decrease of intercellular junction protein levels, namely claudin-5, occludin and vascular endothelial-cadherin. Additionally, we observed an up-regulation of vascular cell and intercellular adhesion molecule, concomitant with the presence of T cell antigen CD4 and tissue macrophage marker CD169 in the brain parenchyma. Rats trained to self-administer METH also presented a neuroinflammatory profile characterized by microglial activation, astrogliosis and increased pro-inflammatory mediators, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukine-1 beta, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Overall, our data provide new insights into METH abuse consequences, with a special focus on neurovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammatory response, which may help to find novel approaches to prevent or diminish brain dysfunction triggered by this overwhelming illicit drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Santiago M Coria
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kumar H, Jo MJ, Choi H, Muttigi MS, Shon S, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Han IB. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Inhibition Prevents Disruption of Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier and Attenuates Inflammation in Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2577-2590. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Noack B, Kipping T, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Hoffmann T, Lorenz K. Association between serum and oral matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels and periodontal health status. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:824-831. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Noack
- Department of Periodontology; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - T. Kipping
- Department of Periodontology; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - T. Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - T. Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - T. Hoffmann
- Department of Periodontology; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - K. Lorenz
- Department of Periodontology; Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Sarper M, Allen MD, Gomm J, Haywood L, Decock J, Thirkettle S, Ustaoglu A, Sarker SJ, Marshall J, Edwards DR, Jones JL. Loss of MMP-8 in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-associated myoepithelial cells contributes to tumour promotion through altered adhesive and proteolytic function. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:33. [PMID: 28330493 PMCID: PMC5363009 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal myoepithelial cells (MECs) play an important tumour-suppressor role in the breast but display an altered phenotype in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), gaining tumour-promoter functions. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is expressed by normal MECs but is lost in DCIS. This study investigated the function of MMP-8 in MECs and the impact of its loss in DCIS. METHODS Primary normal and DCIS-associated MECs, and normal (N-1089) and DCIS-modified myoepithelial (β6-1089) cell lines, were used to assess MMP-8 expression and function. β6-1089 lacking MMP-8 were transfected with MMP-8 WT and catalytically inactive MMP-8 EA, and MMP-8 in N-1089 MEC was knocked down with siRNA. The effect on adhesion and migration to extracellular matrix (ECM), localisation of α6β4 integrin to hemidesmosomes (HD), TGF-β signalling and gelatinase activity was measured. The effect of altering MEC MMP-8 expression on tumour cell invasion was investigated in 2D and 3D organotypic models. RESULTS Assessment of primary cells and MEC lines confirmed expression of MMP-8 in normal MEC and its loss in DCIS-MEC. Over-expression of MMP-8 WT but not MMP-8 EA in β6-1089 cells increased adhesion to ECM proteins and reduced migration. Conversely, knock-down of MMP-8 in N-1089 reduced adhesion and increased migration. Expression of MMP-8 WT in β6-1089 led to greater localisation of α6β4 to HD and reduced retraction fibre formation, this being reversed by MMP-8 knock-down in N-1089. Over-expression of MMP-8 WT reduced TGF-β signalling and gelatinolytic activity. MMP-8 knock-down enhanced TGF-β signalling and gelatinolytic activity, which was reversed by blocking MMP-9 by knock-down or an inhibitor. MMP-8 WT but not MMP-8 EA over-expression in β6-1089 reduced breast cancer cell invasion in 2D and 3D invasion assays, while MMP-8 knock-down in N-1089 enhanced cancer cell invasion. Staining of breast cancer cases for MMP-8 revealed a statistically significant loss of MMP-8 expression in DCIS with invasion versus pure DCIS (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate MMP-8 is a vital component of the myoepithelial tumour-suppressor function. It restores MEC interaction with the matrix, opposes TGF-β signalling and MMP-9 proteolysis, which contributes to inhibition of tumour cell invasion. Assessment of MMP-8 expression may help to determine risk of DCIS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Sarper
- Translational Cancer Discovery Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Michael D Allen
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Jenny Gomm
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Linda Haywood
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sally Thirkettle
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ahsen Ustaoglu
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shah-Jalal Sarker
- Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John Marshall
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Ilmarinen T, Lont T, Hagström J, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Haglund C, Munck-Wickland E, Ramqvist T, Dalianis T, Aaltonen LM. Systemic matrix metalloproteinase-8 response in chronic tonsillitis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2016; 49:302-307. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1248484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taru Ilmarinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Triin Lont
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge and Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Munck-Wickland
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention Technology, Division of ENT Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska R8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska R8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Moz S, Basso D, Bozzato D, Galozzi P, Navaglia F, Negm OH, Arrigoni G, Zambon CF, Padoan A, Tighe P, Todd I, Franchin C, Pedrazzoli S, Punzi L, Plebani M. SMAD4 loss enables EGF, TGFβ1 and S100A8/A9 induced activation of critical pathways to invasion in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69927-69944. [PMID: 27655713 PMCID: PMC5342525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) receptor overexpression, KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4 mutations characterize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This mutational landscape might influence cancer cells response to EGF, Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) and stromal inflammatory calcium binding proteins S100A8/A9. We investigated whether chronic exposure to EGF modifies in a SMAD4-dependent manner pancreatic cancer cell signalling, proliferation and invasion in response to EGF, TGFβ1 and S100A8/A9. BxPC3, homozigously deleted (HD) for SMAD4, and BxPC3-SMAD4+ cells were or not stimulated with EGF (100 ng/mL) for three days. EGF pre-treated and non pretreated cells were stimulated with a single dose of EGF (100 ng/mL), TGFβ1 (0,02 ng/mL), S100A8/A9 (10 nM). Signalling pathways (Reverse Phase Protein Array and western blot), cell migration (Matrigel) and cell proliferation (XTT) were evaluated. SMAD4 HD constitutively activated ERK and Wnt/β-catenin, while inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathways. These effects were antagonized by chronic EGF, which increased p-BAD (anti-apoptotic) in response to combined TGFβ1 and S100A8/A9 stimulation. SMAD4 HD underlied the inhibition of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT in response to TGFβ1 and S100A8/A9, which also induced cell migration. Chronic EGF exposure enhanced cell migration of both BxPC3 and BxPC3-SMAD4+, rendering the cells less sensitive to the other inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, SMAD4 HD is associated with the constitutive activation of the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways, and favors the EGF-induced activation of multiple signalling pathways critical to cancer proliferation and invasion. TGFβ1 and S100A8/A9 mainly inhibit NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways and, when combined, sinergize with EGF in enhancing anti-apoptotic p-BAD in a SMAD4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Moz
- University of Padova, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- University of Padova, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Dania Bozzato
- University of Padova, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Galozzi
- University of Padova, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Navaglia
- University of Padova, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Ola H. Negm
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Mansoura University, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo-Federico Zambon
- University of Padova, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- University of Padova, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Paddy Tighe
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Todd
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Punzi
- University of Padova, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- University of Padova, Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padova, Italy
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MMP8 Is Increased in Lesions and Blood of Acne Inversa Patients: A Potential Link to Skin Destruction and Metabolic Alterations. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4097574. [PMID: 27843200 PMCID: PMC5097814 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4097574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne inversa (AI; also designated as hidradenitis suppurativa) is a chronic inflammatory disease with still unknown pathogenesis that affects the intertriginous skin of perianal, inguinal, and axillary sites. It leads to painful nodules, abscesses, and fistulas with malodorous secretion and is frequently associated with metabolic alterations. Here, we demonstrate that one of the most highly upregulated molecules in AI lesions is matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8), an enzyme specialized in the degradation of extracellular matrix components and the HDL component apolipoprotein A-I. Granulocytes, which were present in AI lesions, secreted high amounts of MMP8 especially after TNF-α stimulation. Furthermore, activated fibroblasts but not keratinocytes were found to express MMP8. The high lesional MMP8 levels were accompanied by elevated blood levels that positively correlated with TNF-α blood levels and disease severity assessed by Sartorius score, especially with the number of regions with inflammatory nodules/abscesses and fistulas. Additionally, we found a negative correlation between blood MMP8 and HDL-cholesterol levels, suggesting a contributory role of MMP8 in metabolic alterations in AI. In summary, we demonstrate elevated MMP8 levels in AI lesions, suggest their role in skin destruction and metabolic alterations, and recommend the use of MMP8 as blood biomarker for AI disease activity assessment.
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Beghini J, Giraldo PC, Eleutério J, Amaral RLD, Polpeta NC, Gonçalves AK. Vaginal Inflammation: Association between Leukocyte Concentration and Levels of Immune Mediators. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:126-33. [PMID: 26773532 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM A wide variety of mediators are involved in inflammatory processes. However, the identity of those participating in vaginal immune responses has not been established. We correlated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), hyaluronan (HA), hyaluronidase-1 (Hyal-1), human β-defensin-2 (hBD2), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations with the extent of leukocyte infiltration into the vagina and suggest their participation in vaginal inflammation. METHODS OF STUDY Vaginal fluid was obtained from 233 women seen at the outpatient clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Campinas University, Brazil. The magnitude of vaginal inflammation was determined by the leukocyte count on vaginal smears and categorized as no inflammation (0 leukocytes/field), moderate inflammation (1-4 leukocytes/field), and intense inflammation (>4 leukocytes/field). Concentrations of EMMPRIN, MMP-8, HA, Hyal-1, hBD2, and NGAL were determined in vaginal fluid by ELISA. RESULTS EMMPRIN, MMP-8, HA, hBD2, and NGAL concentration increased with elevated leukocyte numbers (P < 0.05), while Hyal-1 did not. EMMPRIN concentrations were correlated with HA and MMP-8 levels. CONCLUSION EMMPRIN, MMP-8, HA, β-defensin, and NGAL are elevated in women with vaginal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joziani Beghini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Giraldo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Eleutério
- Department of Motherhood and Child, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rose Luce do Amaral
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nádia C Polpeta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Katherine Gonçalves
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Nukarinen E, Lindström O, Kuuliala K, Kylänpää L, Pettilä V, Puolakkainen P, Kuuliala A, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Repo H, Hästbacka J. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinases -7, -8 and -9 and TIMP -1 with Disease Severity in Acute Pancreatitis. A Cohort Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161480. [PMID: 27561093 PMCID: PMC4999158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several biomarkers for early detection of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) have been presented. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) are released early in inflammation. We aimed to assess levels of MMP-7, -8, -9 and TIMP-1 in acute pancreatitis (AP) and explore their ability to detect disease severity. Our second aim was to find an association between MMPs, TIMP and creatinine. Methods We collected plasma samples for MMP-7, -8, -9 and TIMP-1 analyses from 176 patients presenting within 96 h from onset of acute pancreatitis (AP) symptoms. We used samples from 32 control subjects as comparison. The revised Atlanta Classification was utilised to assess severity of disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Spearman´s Rho-test were utilised for statistical calculations. Results Compared with controls, patients showed higher levels of all studied markers. MMP-8 was higher in moderately severe AP than in mild AP (p = 0.005) and MMP-8, -9 and TIMP-1 were higher in severe than in mild AP (p<0.001, p = 0.005 and p = 0.019). MMP-8 detected SAP with an AUC of 0.939 [95% CI 0.894–0.984], LR+ 9.03 [5.30–15.39]. MMP-8, -9 and TIMP-1 failed to discern moderately severe AP from SAP. MMP-7 was not different between patient groups. MMP-7 and TIMP-1 correlated weakly with creatinine (Rho = 0.221 and 0.243). MMP-8 might be a useful biomarker in early detection of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Nukarinen
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Outi Lindström
- Department of GI Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krista Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kylänpää
- Department of GI Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Pettilä
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Puolakkainen
- Department of GI Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Kuuliala
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Repo
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Steeland S, Vandenbroucke RE, Libert C. Nanobodies as therapeutics: big opportunities for small antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1076-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mechanistic investigations of matrix metalloproteinase-8 inhibition by metal abstraction peptide. Biointerphases 2016; 11:021006. [PMID: 27129919 DOI: 10.1116/1.4948340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibition was investigated using ellipsometric measurements of the interaction of MMP-8 with a surface bound peptide inhibitor, tether-metal abstraction peptide (MAP), bound to self-assembled monolayer films. MMP-8 is a collagenase whose activity and dysregulation have been implicated in a number of disease states, including cancer metastasis, diabetic neuropathy, and degradation of biomedical reconstructions, including dental restorations. Regulation of activity of MMP-8 and other matrix metalloproteinases is thus a significant, but challenging, therapeutic target. Strong inhibition of MMP-8 activity has recently been achieved via the small metal binding peptide tether-MAP. Here, the authors elucidate the mechanism of this inhibition and demonstrate that it occurs through the direct interaction of the MAP Tag and the Zn(2+) binding site in the MMP-8 active site. This enhanced understanding of the mechanism of inhibition will allow the design of more potent inhibitors as well as assays important for monitoring critical MMP levels in disease states.
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Sikkeland LIB, Johnsen HL, Riste TB, Alexis NE, Halvorsen B, Søyseth V, Kongerud J. Sputum neutrophils are elevated in smelter workers, and systemic neutrophils are associated with rapid decline in FEV1. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:459-66. [PMID: 27052769 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a previous study on smelter workers we, found significant relationship between exposure to dust and accelerated annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In this cross-sectional study at the end of a follow-up, we aimed to investigate the possible association between annual decline in FEV1 and markers of airways, and systemic inflammation in smelter workers. METHODS Employees (n=76 (27 current smokers)) who had been part of a longitudinal study (9-13 years) that included spirometry (>6 measurements) and respiratory questionnaires, performed induced sputum, exhaled NO and had blood drawn. Participants with annual decline in FEV1≥45 mL were compared with participants with annual decline <45 mL; also 26 non-exposed controls were included. RESULTS Compared with non-exposed controls, smelter workers demonstrated a significantly increased percentage of neutrophils (mean (SD)) (57% (17) vs 31% (15)) and matrix metalloproteinases 8 (MMP-8) levels in sputum, and MMP-9, surfactant protein D (SpD) and transforming growth factor β (TGFb) levels in blood. A significant association in FEV1≥45 mL was found for blood neutrophils when controlling for smoking habits (OR=1.7 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.8), p=0.045). Airway and blood protein markers were not associated with annual decline in FEV1. CONCLUSIONS All workers displayed airway and systemic inflammation characterised by increased levels of neutrophils and MMP-8 in sputum, and MMP-9, SpD and TGFβ in blood compared with non-exposed controls. Blood neutrophils in particular were significantly elevated in those workers with the most rapid decline in lung function. A similar observation was not seen with airway neutrophils. In the present study, we were able to identify systemic but not airway inflammatory markers that can predict increased decline in FEV1 in smelter workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tonje Bøyum Riste
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar Søyseth
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Johny Kongerud
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Blood expression of matrix metalloproteinases 8 and 9 and of their inducers S100A8 and S100A9 supports diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC-associated diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 456:24-30. [PMID: 26923392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the knowledge that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and S100A8/A9 synergistically work in causing PDAC-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we verified whether tissue and blood MMP8, MMP9, S100A8 and S100A9 expression might help in distinguishing PDAC among diabetics. METHODS Relative quantification of MMP8, MMP9, S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA was performed in tissues obtained from 8 PDAC, 4 chronic pancreatitis (ChrPa), 4 non-PDAC tumors and in PBMCs obtained from 30 controls, 43 T2DM, 41 ChrPa, 91 PDAC and 33 pancreatic-biliary tract tumors. RESULTS T2DM was observed in PDAC (66%), in pancreatic-biliary tract tumors (64%) and in ChrPa (70%). In diabetics, with or without PDAC, MMP9 tissue expression was increased (p<0.05). Both MMPs increased in PDAC and MMP9 increased also in pancreatic-biliary tract tumors PBMCs. In diabetics, MMP9 was independently associated with PDAC (p=0.025), but failed to enhance CA 19-9 discriminant efficacy. A highly reduced S100A9 expression, found in 7 PDAC, was significantly correlated with a reduced overall survival (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS An increased expression of tissue and blood MMP9 reflects the presence of PDAC-associated diabetes mellitus. This finding fits with the hypothesized role of MMPs as part of the complex network linking cancer to diabetes.
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Development and Validation of a Small Single-domain Antibody That Effectively Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase 8. Mol Ther 2016; 24:890-902. [PMID: 26775809 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A detrimental role for matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) has been identified in several pathological conditions, e.g., lethal hepatitis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Since matrix MMP8-deficient mice are protected in the above-mentioned diseases, specific MMP8 inhibitors could be of clinical value. However, targeting a specific matrix metalloproteinase remains challenging due to the strong structural homology of matrix metalloproteinases, which form a family of 25 members in mammals. Single-domain antibodies, called nanobodies, offer a range of possibilities toward therapy since they are easy to generate, express, produce, and modify, e.g., by linkage to nanobodies directed against other target molecules. Hence, we generated small MMP8-binding nanobodies, and established a proof-of-principle for developing nanobodies that inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity. Also, we demonstrated for the first time the possibility of expressing nanobodies systemically by in vivo electroporation of the muscle and its relevance as a potential therapy in inflammatory diseases.
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Kimura D, Saravia J, Rovnaghi CR, Meduri GU, Schwingshackl A, Cormier SA, Anand KJ. Plasma Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ARDS: Generating Future Framework from a Pilot Randomized Control Trial of Methylprednisolone: A Framework for Identifying Plasma Biomarkers Related to Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric ARDS. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:31. [PMID: 27066464 PMCID: PMC4815896 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung injury activates multiple pro-inflammatory pathways, including neutrophils, epithelial, and endothelial injury, and coagulation factors leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Low-dose methylprednisolone therapy (MPT) improved oxygenation and ventilation in early pediatric ARDS without altering duration of mechanical ventilation or mortality. We evaluated the effects of MPT on biomarkers of endothelial [Ang-2 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)] or epithelial [soluble receptor for activated glycation end products (sRAGE)] injury, neutrophil activation [matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)], and coagulation (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. SETTING Tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). PATIENTS Mechanically ventilated children (0-18 years) with early ARDS. INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were collected on days 0 (before MPT), 7, and 14 during low-dose MPT (n = 17) vs. placebo (n = 18) therapy. The MPT group received a 2-mg/kg loading dose followed by 1 mg/kg/day continuous infusions from days 1 to 7, tapered off over 7 days; placebo group received equivalent amounts of 0.9% saline. We analyzed plasma samples using a multiplex assay for five biomarkers of ARDS. Multiple regression models were constructed to predict associations between changes in biomarkers and the clinical outcomes reported earlier, including P/F ratio on days 8 and 9, plateau pressure on days 1 and 2, PaCO2 on days 2 and 3, racemic epinephrine following extubation, and supplemental oxygen at ICU discharge. RESULTS No differences occurred in biomarker concentrations between the groups on day 0. On day 7, reduction in MMP-8 levels (p = 0.0016) occurred in the MPT group, whereas increases in sICAM-1 levels (p = 0.0005) occurred in the placebo group (no increases in sICAM-1 in the MPT group). sRAGE levels decreased in both MPT and placebo groups (p < 0.0001) from day 0 to day 7. On day 7, sRAGE levels were positively correlated with MPT group PaO2/FiO2 ratios on day 8 (r = 0.93, p = 0.024). O2 requirements at ICU transfer positively correlated with day 7 MMP-8 (r = 0.85, p = 0.016) and Ang-2 levels (r = 0.79, p = 0.036) in the placebo group and inversely correlated with day 7 sICAM-1 levels (r = -0.91, p = 0.005) in the MPT group. CONCLUSION Biomarkers selected from endothelial, epithelial, or intravascular factors can be correlated with clinical endpoints in pediatric ARDS. For example, MPT could reduce neutrophil activation (⇓MMP-8), decrease endothelial injury (⇔sICAM-1), and allow epithelial recovery (⇓sRAGE). Large ARDS clinical trials should develop similar frameworks. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01274260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Gianfranco Umberto Meduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kanwaljeet J Anand
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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