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Pszczołowska M, Walczak K, Misków W, Antosz K, Batko J, Karska J, Leszek J. Molecular cross-talk between long COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:2885-2899. [PMID: 38393535 PMCID: PMC11009207 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The long COVID (coronavirus disease), a multisystemic condition following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is one of the widespread problems. Some of its symptoms affect the nervous system and resemble symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-a neurodegenerative condition caused by the accumulation of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins. Multiple studies have found dependence between these two conditions. Patients with Alzheimer's disease have a greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to increased levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the infection itself promotes amyloid beta generation which enhances the risk of AD. Also, the molecular pathways are alike-misregulations in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, a deficit of Cq10, and disease-associated microglia. Medical imaging in both of these diseases shows a decrease in the volume of gray matter, global brain size reduction, and hypometabolism in the parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, and cingulate cortex. In some studies, a similar approach to applied medication can be seen, including the use of amino adamantanes and phenolic compounds of rosemary. The significance of these connections and their possible application in medical practice still needs further study but there is a possibility that they will help to better understand long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Walczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Misków
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Batko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Karska
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical Department, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Foroshani S, Airo M, Levine A, Frishman WH, Aronow WS, Lanier GM. COVID-19 and Pulmonary Hypertension: An Interesting Dynamic. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00220. [PMID: 38400720 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and COVID-19 has been under investigation since 2020, early in the pandemic. Although the pathophysiology of PH has been well-studied, new discoveries regarding the multisystemic effects of COVID-19 are still being uncovered. The cardiopulmonary effects of COVID-19 have led investigators to inquire about the interplay between these 2 conditions. Several factors are suggested to contribute to an increased risk of developing PH after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This includes cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and fibrotic changes seen in post-COVID-19 lung disease. Additionally, it has been proposed that certain medications used to treat PH may be applied to patients suffering from the cardiopulmonary complications of COVID-19. This review will focus on the interplay between COVID-19 and PH, with a special focus on the risk of developing PH after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcomes of patients with preexisting PH who are diagnosed with COVID-19. The potential benefits of utilizing off-label PH medications for COVID-19 patients will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saam Foroshani
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Michael Airo
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Avi Levine
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Gregg M Lanier
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Fujimoto K, Kameda Y, Nagano Y, Deguchi S, Yamamoto T, Krol RP, Gee P, Matsumura Y, Okamoto T, Nagao M, Takayama K, Yokokawa R. SARS-CoV-2-induced disruption of a vascular bed in a microphysiological system caused by type-I interferon from bronchial organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 38252025 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Blood vessels show various COVID-19-related conditions including thrombosis and cytokine propagation. Existing in vitro blood vessel models cannot represent the consequent changes in the vascular structure or determine the initial infection site, making it difficult to evaluate how epithelial and endothelial tissues are damaged. Here, we developed a microphysiological system (MPS) that co-culture the bronchial organoids and the vascular bed to analyze infection site and interactions. In this system, virus-infected organoids caused damage in vascular structure. However, vasculature was not damaged or infected when the virus was directly introduced to vascular bed. The knockout of interferon-related genes and inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway reduced the vascular damage, indicating the protective effect of interferon response suppression. The results demonstrate selective infection of bronchial epithelial cells and vascular damage by cytokines and also indicate the applicability of MPS to investigate how the infection influences vascular structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujimoto
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Kameda
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nagano
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Deguchi
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Rafal P Krol
- Research and Development Center, CiRA Foundation, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Peter Gee
- MaxCyte Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yokokawa
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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Borek I, Birnhuber A, Voelkel NF, Marsh LM, Kwapiszewska G. The vascular perspective on acute and chronic lung disease. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170502. [PMID: 37581311 PMCID: PMC10425217 DOI: 10.1172/jci170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary vasculature has been frequently overlooked in acute and chronic lung diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The primary emphasis in the management of these parenchymal disorders has largely revolved around the injury and aberrant repair of epithelial cells. However, there is increasing evidence that the vascular endothelium plays an active role in the development of acute and chronic lung diseases. The endothelial cell network in the capillary bed and the arterial and venous vessels provides a metabolically highly active barrier that controls the migration of immune cells, regulates vascular tone and permeability, and participates in the remodeling processes. Phenotypically and functionally altered endothelial cells, and remodeled vessels, can be found in acute and chronic lung diseases, although to different degrees, likely because of disease-specific mechanisms. Since vascular remodeling is associated with pulmonary hypertension, which worsens patient outcomes and survival, it is crucial to understand the underlying vascular alterations. In this Review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the development and progression of ARDS, PF, and COPD; we also outline future research directions with the hope of facilitating the development of mechanism-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Borek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Birnhuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert F. Voelkel
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, University of Amsterdam Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leigh M. Marsh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, German Lung Center (DZL), Cardiopulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
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Xiang M, Jing H, Wang C, Novakovic VA, Shi J. Persistent Lung Injury and Prothrombotic State in Long COVID. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862522. [PMID: 35464473 PMCID: PMC9021447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung injury may persist during the recovery period of COVID-19 as shown through imaging, six-minute walk, and lung function tests. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to long COVID have not been adequately explained. Our aim is to investigate the basis of pulmonary susceptibility during sequelae and the possibility that prothrombotic states may influence long-term pulmonary symptoms of COVID-19. The patient’s lungs remain vulnerable during the recovery stage due to persistent shedding of the virus, the inflammatory environment, the prothrombotic state, and injury and subsequent repair of the blood-air barrier. The transformation of inflammation to proliferation and fibrosis, hypoxia-involved vascular remodeling, vascular endothelial cell damage, phosphatidylserine-involved hypercoagulability, and continuous changes in serological markers all contribute to post-discharge lung injury. Considering the important role of microthrombus and arteriovenous thrombus in the process of pulmonary functional lesions to organic lesions, we further study the possibility that prothrombotic states, including pulmonary vascular endothelial cell activation and hypercoagulability, may affect long-term pulmonary symptoms in long COVID. Early use of combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy is a promising approach to reduce the incidence of pulmonary sequelae. Essentially, early treatment can block the occurrence of thrombotic events. Because impeded pulmonary circulation causes large pressure imbalances over the alveolar membrane leading to the infiltration of plasma into the alveolar cavity, inhibition of thrombotic events can prevent pulmonary hypertension, formation of lung hyaline membranes, and lung consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xiang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haijiao Jing
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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