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Pezzoli S, Giorgio J, Martersteck A, Dobyns L, Harrison TM, Jagust WJ. Successful cognitive aging is associated with thicker anterior cingulate cortex and lower tau deposition compared to typical aging. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:341-355. [PMID: 37614157 PMCID: PMC10916939 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no consensus on either the definition of successful cognitive aging (SA) or the underlying neural mechanisms. METHODS We examined the agreement between new and existing definitions using: (1) a novel measure, the cognitive age gap (SA-CAG, cognitive-predicted age minus chronological age), (2) composite scores for episodic memory (SA-EM), (3) non-memory cognition (SA-NM), and (4) the California Verbal Learning Test (SA-CVLT). RESULTS Fair to moderate strength of agreement was found between the four definitions. Most SA groups showed greater cortical thickness compared to typical aging (TA), especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices and medial temporal lobes. Greater hippocampal volume was found in all SA groups except SA-NM. Lower entorhinal 18 F-Flortaucipir (FTP) uptake was found in all SA groups. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that a feature of SA, regardless of its exact definition, is resistance to tau pathology and preserved cortical integrity, especially in the anterior cingulate and midcingulate cortices. HIGHLIGHTS Different approaches have been used to define successful cognitive aging (SA). Regardless of definition, different SA groups have similar brain features. SA individuals have greater anterior cingulate thickness and hippocampal volume. Lower entorhinal tau deposition, but not amyloid beta is related to SA. A combination of cortical integrity and resistance to tau may be features of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pezzoli
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph Giorgio
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- University of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - Adam Martersteck
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lindsey Dobyns
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theresa M. Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - William J. Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Touroutoglou A, Wong B, Andreano JM. What is so super about ageing? THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e358-e359. [PMID: 37454674 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Jia SH, Zhou Z, Shao W, Zhou X, Lv S, Hong W, Peng DT. The functional connectivity of basal forebrain is associated with superior memory performance in older adults: a case-control study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:519. [PMID: 35751017 PMCID: PMC9233365 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is related with memory deterioration. However, some older adults demonstrate superior performance compared to age- and education-matched adults, who are referred to as superagers. To explore the neural mechanisms that mediate their unusually successful memory is important not only for the ameliorate the effects of aging in brain, but also for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. This case-control study is aimed to investigate the effects of volume and function of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons on the cognition of superagers. Methods The morphometric and resting-state functional MRI analysis, including 34 superagers and 48 typical older adults, were conducted. We compared the basal forebrain gray matter density and related resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in the two groups. To investigate the relationship of FC with cognition, we measure the correlation of significant altered FC and individual cognitive domain. Results No significant differences of gray matter density was observed between superagers and typical older adults. The superagers had stronger cortical FC of Ch1-3 with left putamen and insular cortex. The strength of FC positively correlated with global cognition, memory and executive function. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that the stronger FC of basal forebrain correlated with specific cognitive difference in global cognition and domains of memory and executive function in superagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Jia
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Hong
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Tao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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4
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Kok FK, van Leerdam SL, de Lange ECM. Potential Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Dementia in Non-Demented Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:51-81. [PMID: 35275527 PMCID: PMC9198800 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and typically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. Intriguingly, there also exists a group of elderly which do not develop dementia during their life, despite the AD neuropathology, the so-called non-demented individuals with AD neuropathology (NDAN). In this review, we provide extensive background on AD pathology and normal aging and discuss potential mechanisms that enable these NDAN individuals to remain cognitively intact. Studies presented in this review show that NDAN subjects are generally higher educated and have a larger cognitive reserve. Furthermore, enhanced neural hypertrophy could compensate for hippocampal and cingulate neural atrophy in NDAN individuals. On a cellular level, these individuals show increased levels of neural stem cells and ‘von Economo neurons’. Furthermore, in NDAN brains, binding of Aβ oligomers to synapses is prevented, resulting in decreased glial activation and reduced neuroinflammation. Overall, the evidence stated here strengthens the idea that some individuals are more resistant to AD pathology, or at least show an elongation of the asymptomatic state of the disease compared to others. Insights into the mechanisms underlying this resistance could provide new insight in understanding normal aging and AD itself. Further research should focus on factors and mechanisms that govern the NDAN cognitive resilience in order to find clues on novel biomarkers, targets, and better treatments of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique K Kok
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L van Leerdam
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Park CH, Kim BR, Park HK, Lim SM, Kim E, Jeong JH, Kim GH. Predicting Superagers by Machine Learning Classification Based on the Functional Brain Connectome Using Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:4183-4190. [PMID: 34969093 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Superagers are defined as older adults who have youthful memory performance comparable to that of middle-aged adults. Classifying superagers based on the brain connectome using machine learning modeling can provide important insights on the physiology underlying successful aging. We aimed to investigate the unique patterns of functional brain connectome of superagers and develop predictive models to differentiate superagers from typical agers based on machine learning methods. We obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data and cognitive measures from 32 superagers and 58 typical agers. The accuracies of three machine learning methods including the linear support vector machine classifier (SV), the random forest classifier (RF), and the logistic regression classifier (LR) in predicting superagers were comparable (SV = 0.944, RF = 0.944, LR = 0.944); however, RF achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC; 0.979). An ensemble learning method combining the three classifiers achieved the highest AUC (0.986). The most discriminative nodes for predicting superagers encompassed areas in the precuneus; posterior cingulate gyrus; insular cortex; and superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus, which were located in default, salient, and multiple-demand networks. Thus, rsfMRI data can provide high accuracy for predicting superagers, thereby capturing and describing the unique characteristics of their functional brain connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyun Park
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bori R Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea.,Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Korea
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Katsumi Y, Andreano JM, Barrett LF, Dickerson BC, Touroutoglou A. Greater Neural Differentiation in the Ventral Visual Cortex Is Associated with Youthful Memory in Superaging. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5275-5287. [PMID: 34190976 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superagers are older adults who maintain youthful memory despite advanced age. Previous studies showed that superagers exhibit greater structural and intrinsic functional brain integrity, which contribute to their youthful memory. However, no studies, to date, have examined brain activity as superagers learn and remember novel information. Here, we analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected from 41 young and 40 older adults while they performed a paired associate visual recognition memory task. Superaging was defined as youthful performance on the long delay free recall of the California Verbal Learning Test. We assessed the fidelity of neural representations as participants encoded and later retrieved a series of word stimuli paired with a face or a scene image. Superagers, like young adults, exhibited more distinct neural representations in the fusiform gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus while viewing visual stimuli belonging to different categories (greater neural differentiation) and more similar category representations between encoding and retrieval (greater neural reinstatement), compared with typical older adults. Greater neural differentiation and reinstatement were associated with superior memory performance in all older adults. Given that the fidelity of cortical sensory processing depends on neural plasticity and is trainable, these mechanisms may be potential biomarkers for future interventions to promote successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Katsumi
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 1020083, Japan.,Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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7
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Gardener SL, Weinborn M, Sohrabi HR, Doecke JD, Bourgeat P, Rainey-Smith SR, Shen KK, Fripp J, Taddei K, Maruff P, Salvado O, Savage G, Ames D, Masters CL, Rowe CC, Martins RN. Longitudinal Trajectories in Cortical Thickness and Volume Atrophy: Superior Cognitive Performance Does Not Protect Against Brain Atrophy in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1039-1052. [PMID: 33935071 PMCID: PMC8293653 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous research has identified a small subgroup of older adults that maintain a high level of cognitive functioning well into advanced age. Investigation of those with superior cognitive performance (SCP) for their age is important, as age-related decline has previously been thought to be inevitable. Objective: Preservation of cortical thickness and volume was evaluated in 76 older adults with SCP and 100 typical older adults (TOAs) assessed up to five times over six years. Methods: Regions of interest (ROIs) found to have been associated with super-aging status (a construct similar to SCP status) in previous literature were investigated, followed by a discovery phase analyses of additional regions. SCPs were aged 70 + at baseline, scoring at/above normative memory (CVLT-II) levels for demographically similar individuals aged 30–44 years old, and in the unimpaired range for all other cognitive domains over the course of the study. Results: In linear mixed models, following adjustment for multiple comparisons, there were no significant differences between rates of thinning or volume atrophy between SCPs and TOAs in previously identified ROIs, or the discovery phase analyses. With only amyloid-β negative individuals in the analyses, again there were no significant differences between SCPs and TOAs. Conclusion: The increased methodological rigor in classifying groups, together with the influence of cognitive reserve, are discussed as potential factors accounting for our findings as compared to the extant literature on those with superior cognitive performance for their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James D Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian eHealth Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian eHealth Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kai-Kai Shen
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian eHealth Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian eHealth Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- CogState, Ltd., Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian eHealth Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,CSIRO Data61, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders and Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of the University of Melbourne
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Li Y, Haber A, Preuss C, John C, Uyar A, Yang HS, Logsdon BA, Philip V, Karuturi RKM, Carter GW. Transfer learning-trained convolutional neural networks identify novel MRI biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease progression. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12140. [PMID: 34027015 PMCID: PMC8120261 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) may miss genetic variants relevant for delineating disease stages when using clinically defined case/control as a phenotype due to its loose definition and heterogeneity. METHODS We use a transfer learning technique to train three-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) models based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the screening stage in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative consortium to derive image features that reflect AD progression. RESULTS CNN-derived image phenotypes are significantly associated with fasting metabolites related to early lipid metabolic changes as well as insulin resistance and with genetic variants mapped to candidate genes enriched for amyloid beta degradation, tau phosphorylation, calcium ion binding-dependent synaptic loss, APP-regulated inflammation response, and insulin resistance. DISCUSSION This is the first attempt to show that non-invasive MRI biomarkers are linked to AD progression characteristics, reinforcing their use in early AD diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- The Jackson LaboratoryFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Annat Haber
- The Jackson LaboratoryFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Cai John
- The Jackson LaboratoryFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson LaboratoryFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory W. Carter
- The Jackson LaboratoryFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
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Chiu MJ, Yang SY, Chen TF, Lin CH, Yang FC, Chen WP, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Synergistic Association between Plasma Aβ 1-42 and p-tau in Alzheimer's Disease but Not in Parkinson's Disease or Frontotemporal Dementia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1376-1383. [PMID: 33825443 PMCID: PMC9278807 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
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Beta-amyloid (Aβ1–42) triggers the phosphorylation
of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the relationship
between phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and Aβ1–42 in the blood is not elucidated. We investigated the association
in individuals with AD (n = 62, including amnesic
mild cognitive impairment and dementia), Parkinson’s disease
(n = 30), frontotemporal dementia (n = 25), and cognitively unimpaired controls (n =
41) using immunomagnetic reduction assays to measure plasma Aβ1–42 and p-tau181 concentrations. Correlation and regression
analyses were performed to examine the relation between plasma levels,
demographic factors, and clinical severity. Both plasma Aβ1–42 and p-tau concentrations were significantly higher
in AD and frontotemporal dementia than in the controls and Parkinson’s
disease. A significant positive association was found between plasma
p-tau and Aβ1–42 in controls (r = 0.579, P < 0.001) and AD (r = 0.699, P < 0.001) but not in frontotemporal
dementia or Parkinson’s disease. Plasma p-tau was significantly
associated with clinical severity in the AD in terms of scores of
clinical dementia rating (r = 0.288, P = 0.025) and mini-mental state examination (r =
−0.253, P = 0.049). Regression analysis showed
that plasma Aβ1–42 levels explain approximately
47.7% of the plasma p-tau levels in the AD after controlling age,
gender, and clinical severity. While in non-AD participants, the clinical
dementia rating explained about 47.5% of the plasma p-tau levels.
The disease-specific association between plasma Aβ1–42 and p-tau levels in AD implies a possible synergic effect in mechanisms
involving these two pathological proteins’ genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Shieh-Yueh Yang
- MagQu Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- MagQu LLC, Surprise, Arizona 85378, United States
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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Hoenig MC, Willscheid N, Bischof GN, van Eimeren T, Drzezga A. Assessment of Tau Tangles and Amyloid-β Plaques Among Super Agers Using PET Imaging. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2028337. [PMID: 33306113 PMCID: PMC7733158 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to investigate the burden of tau tangles and amyloid β plaques in super agers, normal agers, and patients with mild cognitive impairment vs younger amyloid-negative controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle C. Hoenig
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niclas Willscheid
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gérard N. Bischof
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Research Center Juelich, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
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11
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de Godoy LL, Alves CAPF, Saavedra JSM, Studart-Neto A, Nitrini R, da Costa Leite C, Bisdas S. Understanding brain resilience in superagers: a systematic review. Neuroradiology 2020; 63:663-683. [PMID: 32995945 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Superagers are older adults presenting excellent memory performance that may reflect resilience to the conventional pathways of aging. Our contribution aims to shape the evidence body of the known distinctive biomarkers of superagers and their connections with the Brain and Cognitive Reserve and Brain Maintenance concepts. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed and ScienceDirect with no limit on publication date for studies that evaluated potential biomarkers in superagers classified by validated neuropsychological tests. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were included, the majority in neuroimaging, followed by histological, genetic, cognition, and a single one on blood plasma analysis. Superagers exhibited specific regions of cortical preservation, rather than global cortical maintenance, standing out the anterior cingulate and hippocampus regions. Both superagers and controls showed similar levels of amyloid deposition. Moreover, the functional oscillation patterns in superagers resembled those described in young adults. Most of the quality assessment for the included studies showed medium risks of bias. CONCLUSION This systematic review supports selective cortical preservation in superagers, comprehending regions of the default mode, and salience networks, overlapped by stronger functional connectivity. In this context, the anterior cingulate cortex is highlighted as an imaging and histologic signature of these subjects. Besides, the biomarkers included pointed out that the Brain and Cognitive Reserve and Brain Maintenance concepts are independent and complementary in the superagers' setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiz Laura de Godoy
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK. .,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Adalberto Studart-Neto
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia da Costa Leite
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sotirios Bisdas
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Kim BR, Kwon H, Chun MY, Park KD, Lim SM, Jeong JH, Kim GH. White Matter Integrity Is Associated With the Amount of Physical Activity in Older Adults With Super-aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:549983. [PMID: 33192451 PMCID: PMC7525045 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.549983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have introduced the concept of “SuperAgers,” defined as older adults with youthful memory performance associated with the increased cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate cortex. Given that age-related structural brain changes are observed earlier in the white matter (WM) than in the cortical areas, we investigated whether WM integrity is different between the SuperAgers (SA) and typical agers (TA) and whether it is associated with superior memory performance as well as a healthy lifestyle. A total of 35 SA and 55 TA were recruited for this study. Further, 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological tests, and lifestyle factors related to cognitive function, such as physical activity and duration of sleep, were evaluated in all participants. SA was defined as individuals demonstrating the youthful performance of verbal and visual memory, as measured by the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), respectively. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis was used to compare the diffusion values such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD) between the SA and TA. SA exhibited better performance in memory, attention, visuospatial, and frontal executive functions than the TA did. SA also exhibited greater amounts of physical activity than the TA did. As compared to TA, SA demonstrated higher FA with lower MD, RD, and AD in the corpus callosum and higher FA and lower RD in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), which is significantly associated with memory function. Interestingly, FA values of the body of corpus callosum were correlated with the amount of physical activity. Our findings suggest that WM integrity of the corpus callosum is associated with superior memory function and a higher level of physical activities in SA compared to TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bori R Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hunki Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Min Young Chun
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Duk Park
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geon Ha Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Mullane K, Williams M. Alzheimer’s disease beyond amyloid: Can the repetitive failures of amyloid-targeted therapeutics inform future approaches to dementia drug discovery? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Kaur A, Kaur A, Goyal D, Goyal B. How Does the Mono-Triazole Derivative Modulate Aβ 42 Aggregation and Disrupt a Protofibril Structure: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15606-15619. [PMID: 32637837 PMCID: PMC7331201 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have identified that abnormal self-assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into toxic fibrillar aggregates is associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most acceptable therapeutic approach to stop the progression of AD is to inhibit the formation of β-sheet-rich structures. Recently, we designed and evaluated a series of novel mono-triazole derivatives 4(a-x), where compound 4v was identified as the most potent inhibitor of Aβ42 aggregation and disaggregates preformed Aβ42 fibrils significantly. Moreover, 4v strongly averts the Cu2+-induced Aβ42 aggregation and disaggregates the preformed Cu2+-induced Aβ42 fibrils, halts the generation of reactive oxygen species, and shows neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation by 4v and disaggregation of preformed Aβ42 fibrils remains obscure. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to explore the conformational ensemble of the Aβ42 monomer and a pentameric protofibril structure of Aβ42 in the presence of 4v. The MD simulations highlighted that 4v binds preferentially at the central hydrophobic core region of the Aβ42 monomer and chains D and E of the Aβ42 protofibril. The dictionary of secondary structure of proteins analysis indicated that 4v retards the conformational conversion of the helix-rich structure of the Aβ42 monomer into the aggregation-prone β-sheet conformation. The binding free energy calculated by the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area method revealed an energetically favorable process with ΔG binding = -44.9 ± 3.3 kcal/mol for the Aβ42 monomer-4v complex. The free energy landscape analysis highlighted that the Aβ42 monomer-4v complex sampled conformations with significantly higher helical contents (35 and 49%) as compared to the Aβ42 monomer alone (17%). Compound 4v displayed hydrogen bonding with Gly37 (chain E) and π-π interactions with Phe19 (chain D) of the Aβ42 protofibril. Further, the per-residue binding free energy analysis also highlighted that Phe19 (chain D) and Gly37 (chain E) of the Aβ42 protofibril showed the maximum contribution in the binding free energy. The decreased binding affinity and residue-residue contacts between chains D and E of the Aβ42 protofibril in the presence of 4v indicate destabilization of the Aβ42 protofibril structure. Overall, the structural information obtained through MD simulations indicated that 4v stabilizes the native helical conformation of the Aβ42 monomer and persuades a destabilization in the protofibril structure of Aβ42. The results of the study will be useful in the rational design of potent inhibitors against amyloid aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Anupamjeet Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Thapar
Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
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15
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Perosa V, Priester A, Ziegler G, Cardenas-Blanco A, Dobisch L, Spallazzi M, Assmann A, Maass A, Speck O, Oltmer J, Heinze HJ, Schreiber S, Düzel E. Hippocampal vascular reserve associated with cognitive performance and hippocampal volume. Brain 2020; 143:622-634. [PMID: 31994699 PMCID: PMC7009470 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial temporal lobe dependent cognitive functions are highly vulnerable to hypoxia in the hippocampal region, yet little is known about the relationship between the richness of hippocampal vascular supply and cognition. Hippocampal vascularization patterns have been categorized into a mixed supply from both the posterior cerebral artery and the anterior choroidal artery or a single supply by the posterior cerebral artery only. Hippocampal arteries are small and affected by pathological changes when cerebral small vessel disease is present. We hypothesized, that hippocampal vascularization patterns may be important trait markers for vascular reserve and modulate (i) cognitive performance; (ii) structural hippocampal integrity; and (iii) the effect of cerebral small vessel disease on cognition. Using high-resolution 7 T time-of-flight angiography we manually classified hippocampal vascularization patterns in older adults with and without cerebral small vessel disease in vivo. The presence of a mixed supplied hippocampus was an advantage in several cognitive domains, including verbal list learning and global cognition. A mixed supplied hippocampus also was an advantage for verbal memory performance in cerebral small vessel disease. Voxel-based morphometry showed higher anterior hippocampal grey matter volume in mixed, compared to single supply. We discuss that a mixed hippocampal supply, as opposed to a single one, may increase the reliability of hippocampal blood supply and thereby provide a hippocampal vascular reserve that protects against cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perosa
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Priester
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arturo Cardenas-Blanco
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marco Spallazzi
- Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Anne Assmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Oltmer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Dang C. SuperAging: Current findings yield future challenges-A response to Rogalski and Goldberg. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:562-563. [PMID: 31909170 PMCID: PMC6939043 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa Dang
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +61-3-9035-3000; Fax: +61-3-9035-3107.
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