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Wang Q, Yang M, Li C, Wang S, Wang Y, Lin F, Zheng L, Yu Y, Qin Q. Functional analysis of the CXCR1a gene response to SGIV viral infection in grouper. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:217-224. [PMID: 30807858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are a superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors and have important roles in immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. In previous studies, a series of CXCRs in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was identified; however, the function of CXCR in viral infection has not been studied. To better understand the effect of the CXCR family on the fish immune response, full-length CXCR1a was cloned, and its immune response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) was investigated. Grouper CXCR1a shared a seven-transmembrane (7-TM) region and a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family 1 that contained a triaa stretch (DRY motif). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CXCR1a showed the nearest relationship to Takifugu rubripes, followed by other fish, bird and mammal species. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that CXCR1a was expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of CXCR1a in grouper cells significantly inhibited the replication of SGIV, demonstrating that CXCR1a delayed the occurrence of cytopathic effects (CPE) induced by SGIV infection and inhibited viral gene transcription. Furthermore, our results also showed that CXCR1a overexpression significantly increased the expression of interferon-related cytokines and activated ISRE and IFN promoter activities. Taken together, the results demonstrated that CXCR1a might have an antiviral function against SGIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fangmei Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Leyun Zheng
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yepin Yu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Zou J, Redmond AK, Qi Z, Dooley H, Secombes CJ. The CXC chemokine receptors of fish: Insights into CXCR evolution in the vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 215:117-31. [PMID: 25623148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article will review current knowledge on CXCR in fish, that represent three distinct vertebrate groups: Agnatha (jawless fishes), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) and Osteichthyes (bony fishes). With the sequencing of many fish genomes, information on CXCR in these species in particular has expanded considerably. In mammals, 6 CXCRs have been described, and their homologues will be initially reviewed before considering a number of atypical CXCRs and a discussion of CXCR evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Anthony K Redmond
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Zhitao Qi
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Helen Dooley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Chris J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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3
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Umasuthan N, Wan Q, Revathy KS, Whang I, Noh JK, Kim S, Park MA, Lee J. Molecular aspects, genomic arrangement and immune responsive mRNA expression profiles of two CXC chemokine receptor homologs (CXCR1 and CXCR2) from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:304-318. [PMID: 24945570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The CXCR1 and CXCR2 are the prototypical receptors and are the only known receptors for mammalian ELR+ (Glu-Leu-Arg) CXC chemokines, including CXCL8 (interleukin 8). These receptors transduce the ELR+ chemokine signals and operate the downstream signaling pathways in inflammation and innate immunity. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of CXCR1 and CXCR2 genes from rock bream fish (OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2) at the molecular level. The cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of the OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 were identified from a transcriptome library and a custom-constructed BAC library, respectively. Both OfCXCR genes consisted of two exons, separated by an intron. The 5'-flanking regions of OfCXCR genes possessed multiple putative transcription factor binding sites related to immune response. The coding sequences of OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 encoded putative peptides of 355 and 360 amino acids (aa), respectively. The deduced aa sequences of OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 comprised of a G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family 1 profile with a GPCR signature and a DRY motif. In addition, seven conserved transmembrane regions were predicted in both OfCXCRs. While our multiple alignment study revealed the functionally significant conserved elements of the OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2, phylogeny analyses further confirmed their position in teleost sub clade, in which they manifested an evolutionary relatedness with other fish counterparts. Based on comparative analyses, teleost CXC chemokine receptors appear to be distinct from their non-fish orthologs in terms of evolution (both CXCR1 and CXCR2) and genomic organization (CXCR2). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detected the transcripts of OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 in eleven examined tissues, with higher levels in head kidney, kidney and spleen highlighting their crucial importance in immunity. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with concanavalin A (Con A) resulted in modulation of OfCXCR2 transcription, but not that of OfCXCR1. In addition, the magnitude of the OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 transcripts in head kidney and spleen was differentially increased after the in vivo administration of immune stimulants, LPS and poly I:C and in the infection models injected with rock bream irido virus, Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae. These lines of evidence suggest that these receptors may play an important role(s) in immune responsive signaling during pathogenesis of rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokryel Kim
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Park
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Cui J, Liu S, Zhang B, Wang H, Sun H, Song S, Qiu X, Liu Y, Wang X, Jiang Z, Liu Z. Transciptome analysis of the gill and swimbladder of Takifugu rubripes by RNA-Seq. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85505. [PMID: 24454879 PMCID: PMC3894188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish gill, as one of the mucosal barriers, plays an important role in mucosal immune response. The fish swimbladder functions for regulating buoyancy. The fish swimbladder has long been postulated as a homologous organ of the tetrapod lung, but the molecular evidence is scarce. In order to provide new information that is complementary to gill immune genes, initiate new research directions concerning the genetic basis of the gill immune response and understand the molecular function of swimbladder as well as its relationship with lungs, transcriptome analysis of the fugu Takifugu rubripes gill and swimbladder was carried out by RNA-Seq. Approximately 55,061,524 and 44,736,850 raw sequence reads from gill and swimbladder were generated, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis revealed diverse biological functions and processes. Transcriptome comparison between gill and swimbladder resulted in 3,790 differentially expressed genes, of which 1,520 were up-regulated in the swimbladder while 2,270 were down-regulated. In addition, 406 up regulated isoforms and 296 down regulated isoforms were observed in swimbladder in comparison to gill. By the gene enrichment analysis, the three immune-related pathways and 32 immune-related genes in gill were identified. In swimbladder, five pathways including 43 swimbladder-enriched genes were identified. This work should set the foundation for studying immune-related genes for the mucosal immunity and provide genomic resources to study the relatedness of the fish swimbladder and mammalian lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongdi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongjuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuhui Song
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZJ); (ZL)
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZJ); (ZL)
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZJ); (ZL)
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Bouchery T, Dénécé G, Attout T, Ehrhardt K, Lhermitte-Vallarino N, Hachet-Haas M, Galzi JL, Brotin E, Bachelerie F, Gavotte L, Moulia C, Bain O, Martin C. The chemokine CXCL12 is essential for the clearance of the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis in resistant mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34971. [PMID: 22511975 PMCID: PMC3325259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Litomosoides sigmodontis is a cause of filarial infection in rodents. Once infective larvae overcome the skin barrier, they enter the lymphatic system and then settle in the pleural cavity, causing soft tissue infection. The outcome of infection depends on the parasite's modulatory ability and also on the immune response of the infected host, which is influenced by its genetic background. The goal of this study was to determine whether host factors such as the chemokine axis CXCL12/CXCR4, which notably participates in the control of immune surveillance, can influence the outcome of the infection. We therefore set up comparative analyses of subcutaneous infection by L. sigmodontis in two inbred mouse strains with different outcomes: one susceptible strain (BALB/c) and one resistant strain (C57BL/6). We showed that rapid parasite clearance was associated with a L. sigmodontis-specific CXCL12-dependent cell response in C57BL/6 mice. CXCL12 was produced mainly by pleural mesothelial cells during infection. Conversely, the delayed parasite clearance in BALB/c mice was neither associated with an increase in CXCL12 levels nor with cell influx into the pleural cavity. Remarkably, interfering with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in both strains of mice delayed filarial development, as evidenced by the postponement of the fourth molting process. Furthermore, the in vitro growth of stage 4 filariae was favored by the addition of low amounts of CXCL12. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis thus appears to have a dual effect on the L. sigmodontis life cycle: by acting as a host-cell restriction factor for infection, and as a growth factor for worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bouchery
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS & UMR 7205 OSEB MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Dénécé
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS & UMR 7205 OSEB MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Attout
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS & UMR 7205 OSEB MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Katharina Ehrhardt
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS & UMR 7205 OSEB MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Muriel Hachet-Haas
- IREBS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean Luc Galzi
- IREBS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Emilie Brotin
- INSERM UMR-S 996, University of Paris-Sud 11, LabEx LERMIT, Clamart, France
| | | | - Laurent Gavotte
- UMR 5554 ISEM CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Moulia
- UMR 5554 ISEM CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Bain
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS & UMR 7205 OSEB MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS & UMR 7205 OSEB MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Li R, Dooley H, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Bird S. Characterisation and expression analysis of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias): cartilaginous fish BAFF has a unique extra exon that may impact receptor binding. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:707-717. [PMID: 22155638 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) ligand superfamily member 13B, is an important immune regulator with critical roles in B-cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion. A BAFF gene has been cloned from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and its expression studied. The dogfish BAFF encodes for an anchored type-II transmembrane protein of 288 aa with a putative furin protease cleavage site and TNF family signature as seen in BAFFs from other species. The identity of dogfish BAFF has also been confirmed by conserved cysteine residues, and phylogenetic tree analysis. The dogfish BAFF gene has an extra exon not seen in teleost fish, birds and mammals that encodes for 29 aa and may impact on receptor binding. The dogfish BAFF is highly expressed in immune tissues, such as spleen, and is up-regulated by PWM in peripheral blood leucocytes, suggesting a potentially important role in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggai Li
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
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Xu QQ, Chang MX, Sun RH, Xiao FS, Nie P. The first non-mammalian CXCR5 in a teleost fish: molecular cloning and expression analysis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). BMC Immunol 2010; 11:25. [PMID: 20504365 PMCID: PMC2889864 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines, a group of small and structurally related proteins, mediate chemotaxis of various cell types via chemokine receptors. In mammals, seven different CXC chemokine receptors denoted as CXCR1 to CXCR7 have been reported. However, the chemokine receptor CXCR5 has not been reported in other vertebrates. Results In the present study, the genomic sequence of CXCR5 was isolated from the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The cDNA sequence of grass carp CXCR5 (gcCXCR5) consists of 1518 bp with a 43 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 332 bp 3' UTR, with an open reading frame of 1143 bp encoding 381 amino acids which are predicted to have seven transmembrane helices. The characteristic residues (DRYLAIVHA) and conserved cysteine residues are located in the extracellular regions and in the third to seventh transmembrane domains. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 37.6-66.6% identities with CXCR5 of mammals, avian and other fish species. The grass carp gene consists of two exons, with one intervening intron, spaced over 2081 bp of genomic sequence. Phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the gcCXCR5 is clustered with those in other teleost fish and then in chicken and mammals. Real-time PCR analysis showed that gcCXCR5 was expressed in all tested organs/tissues and its expression level was the highest in trunk kidney, followed by in the spleen. The expression of gcCXCR5 was significantly modulated by immunostimulants such as peptidoglycan (PGN), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium salt (Poly I:C) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Conclusion The cDNA and genomic sequences of CXCR5 have been successfully characterized in a teleost fish, the grass carp. The CXCR5 has in general a constitutive expression in organs/tissues examined, whereas its expression was significantly up-regulated in immune organs and down-regulated in brain, indicating its potential role in immune response and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Q Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, PR China
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Oehlers SHB, Flores MV, Hall CJ, O'Toole R, Swift S, Crosier KE, Crosier PS. Expression of zebrafish cxcl8 (interleukin-8) and its receptors during development and in response to immune stimulation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:352-359. [PMID: 19941893 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cxcl8 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine, best known for its role in neutrophil chemotaxis. Signalling through its receptors, Cxcr1 and Cxcr2, is induced by inflammatory stimuli evoked by microbial, chemical or environmental stress, and hormonal signals. While it is recognised that Cxcl8 signalling is active in the gut mucosa, this is not as well understood as its role in leukocyte trafficking. Here, we report the characterisation of genes encoding the zebrafish Cxcl8, Cxcr1 and Cxcr2. By a combination of genomic, expression and functional analyses, we show that the Cxcl8 signalling pathway is conserved in zebrafish. As in humans, cxcl8 is expressed in zebrafish leukocytes. Transcripts were also detected in intestinal epithelial cells, and this expression is upregulated under inflammatory conditions caused by bacterial or chemical insult. Expression of cxcr1 and cxcr2 is robust within the developing gut. This work provides a model for the study of Cxcl8 signalling during gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H B Oehlers
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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