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Li Z, Zhou S, He J, Ying J, Xu K. Environmental enrichment improves behaviors rather than the growth and physiology of rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. J Fish Biol 2024; 104:758-768. [PMID: 37950685 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment has the potential to improve the welfare and post-release survival of hatchery fish stocked for conservation purposes. However, the effectiveness of environmental enrichment is partly dependent on the fish species, life stage, and specific enrichment structure used. To enhance the effectiveness of environmental enrichment, it is crucial to focus on characteristic differences in enrichment structures, such as type and level. This study investigated how differences in enrichment type and level affected physiological and behavioral aspects of the welfare of pre-release juvenile rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus by evaluating growth performance, basal and stressed cortisol levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and exploratory behaviors regarding anxiety and flexibility. Fish were reared for 4 weeks in different enrichment treatments: barren, low-level cover structure, high-level cover structure, low-level interference structure (LI), and high-level interference structure (HI). The results revealed that fish reared with the LI treatment showed less anxiety and greater flexibility with respect to exploratory behaviors, without oxidative damage being detected. Despite exhibiting less anxiety as well, fish reared in the HI treatment had oxidative damage, indicated by lower superoxide dismutase activity, compared to those in the barren treatment. In addition, none of these enrichment structures enhanced growth performance or mitigate chronic and acute stress responses. Overall, the low-level interference structure may be more favorable in promoting the behavioral welfare of the fish. Application of this type and level of enrichment may increase the survival of the hatchery fish after release, which is critical to stocking success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhoushan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhoushan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Marine and Fisheries Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jie Ying
- Yuanjie aquatic seeding farm, Zhoushan, China
| | - Kaida Xu
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources of Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhoushan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
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Liu M, Zhu Q, Li H, Chen R, Hu W, Liu S, Xu D. Characterization of Early Gonadal Differentiation and Induction of Sex Reversal in the Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2023; 25:403-414. [PMID: 37162621 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) is a typical fish that has a unique multiple sex chromosome system (♀X1X1X2X2/♂X1X2Y). We examined the early gonadal development in rock bream via continuous histological observations of the gonads at 40-120 days post hatching (dph). The fish was identified as a typical gonochorist, and female gonads were found to differentiate earlier than male gonads. The ovarian cavity of the female was initially observed at 80 dph, whereas the efferent duct of the male was not observed until 100 dph. Immunofluorescence with the vasa-antibody revealed that germ cells were predominantly distributed around the ovarian cavity in females and on the edge of the gonad in males during the early stages of sex differentiation. Sex reversal was induced via the oral administration of letrozole (LTZ), 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), and 17β-estradiol (E2), respectively, during the labile period of gonadal development. LTZ and MT induced 100% masculinization of genotype-females, whereas E2 induced only 50-60% feminization of genotype-males. Such findings suggest that the fish retained high sexual plasticity despite the existence of the neo-Y chromosome. MT and E2 had negative effect on fish growth, whereas LTZ did not exert such side effect. LTZ and MT could accelerate gonadal development in sex-reversed genotype-males, whereas E2 inhibited gonadal development in genotype-females of rock bream. These findings provide a basis for further research on the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in fishes with X1X2Y sex chromosome system and provide a sex reversal protocol for rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Liu
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qihui Zhu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ruiyi Chen
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Simiao Liu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China.
- Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
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3
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Gong J, Li B, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Ke Q, Zhu Q, Xu D, Zhou T, Xu P. Sex-Specific Genomic Region Identification and Molecular Sex Marker Development of Rock Bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2022; 24:163-173. [PMID: 35122574 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) is a valuable commercial marine teleost species, which exhibits sexual dimorphism in growth performance. However, the absence of a rapid and cost-effective sex identification method based on sex-specific genetic marker has impeded study on sex determination mechanisms and breeding applications. In the present study, we firstly developed the PCR method for identifying potential sex-specific sequences in Oplegnathus fasciatus with the next-generation sequencing. Sex-specific genomic regions/loci for sex determination were discovered on Chr2 and Chr6 by genome-wide association analysis, sequencing depth, and heterozygosity comparison between females and males. Candidate sex-determining genes (CCDC63, ITR, WNT4) were furtherly detected in transcriptome data of testes and ovaries. Taken together, a male-specific 34-bp deletion on the Chr2 was identified and developed into molecular marker of sex for O. fasciatus. After validation in individuals with known phenotypic sexes, the accuracy was 100%. This study gives an insight into the mechanism of sex determination in O. fasciatus, and the gender marker is crucial both for future genomic research and for development of efficient and sustainable aquaculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bijun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
| | - Qihui Zhu
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China.
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4
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Jung MH, Kole S, Jung SJ. Efficacy of saponin-based inactivated rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) vaccine in rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 121:12-22. [PMID: 34974155 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) causes severe mortality in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) for last two decades. In view of this constant threat of RBIV to the rock bream industry, we conducted the present study with the aim to develop a safe and efficient remedial measure against the virus. In this study, we evaluated the safety and potentiality of squalene, aluminium hydroxide and saponin adjuvants, singly or in combinations, which can be used for developing an efficient inactivated (IV) vaccine to protect rock bream from RBIV infection. The evaluation results demonstrated that saponin (Sa) has the required potential in enacting the antiviral immune response in the host and in providing protection against virus mediated lethality, without causing any adverted side-effects. The study further, showed that a single primary dose of Sa-adjuvanted IV vaccine can confer moderate protections in short (60.04% relative percent mortality (RPS) at 4 wpv) and medium (53.38% RPS at 8 wpv) term post RBIV challenge; whereas, the same vaccine when administered in a prime-boost strategy, it resulted enhanced 93.34% RPS post virus challenge at 4 and 8 wpv. The moderate to high survivability demonstrated by the Sa-adjuvanted IV vaccine, was substantiated by the significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of IL-1β, Mx and PKR gene transcript. All surviving fish from the Sa-adjuvanted IV vaccine groups were strongly protected from re-infection with RBIV (1.1 × 107) at 70 days post infection (dpi). In conclusion, it can be inferred that, Sa-adjuvanted IV RBIV vaccine can be an efficient control measure to protect the rock bream aquaculture industry against the lethal RBIV virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajal Kole
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ju Jung
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea.
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Choi JS, Shin SR, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim Y, Lee JS. Gonadal Abnormality and Intersexuality of Oplegnathus fasciatus (Teleostei: Oplegnathidae) Collected from the Southern Coast of Korea: A Case Report. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:123-131. [PMID: 34950816 PMCID: PMC8670776 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the gonadal structure abnormality and intersexuality found from a
survey regarding the reproductive potential of the rock bream,
Oplegnathus fasciatus, along the southern coast of Korea.
In total, 448 samples were collected for histological analysis (total length
27.5±6.8 cm; total weight 522.9±385.6 g). The sex ratio (F:M) was
1:0.46 (n=307:141), with 68.5% being females. The frequency of oocyte atresia
and ovarian neoplasm in the females was 85.3% and 21.5%, respectively, and the
frequency of testicular lobule and cyst deformation and testicular neoplasm in
the males was 73.1% and 37.6%, respectively. The scale formation in the ovary
and testis was approximately 2.0% for both sexes. The intersexuality was 42.2%,
with the intersexuality among females being 49.5%, which was significantly
higher than that of males (26.2%). Such findings indicate a negative impact on
the reproductive output of the rock bream along the southern coast of Korea;
however, a more detailed study is required to ascertain accurate causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Choi
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - So Ryung Shin
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Fisheries Seed and Breeding Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haenam 59002, Korea
| | - Yeonghye Kim
- Fisheries Resources Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Jung Sick Lee
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
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Bai Y, Gong J, Zhou Z, Li B, Zhao J, Ke Q, Zou X, Pu F, Wu L, Zheng W, Zhou T, Xu P. Chromosome-Level Assembly of the Southern Rock Bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus) Genome Using PacBio and Hi-C Technologies. Front Genet 2021; 12:811798. [PMID: 34992639 PMCID: PMC8724560 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.811798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) is an economically important rocky reef fish of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. In recent years, it has been cultivated as an important edible fish in coastal areas of China. Despite its economic importance, genome-wide adaptions of domesticated O. fasciatus are largely unknown. Here we report a chromosome-level reference genome of female O. fasciatus (from the southern population in the subtropical region) using the PacBio single molecule sequencing technique (SMRT) and High-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies. The genome was assembled into 120 contigs with a total length of 732.95 Mb and a contig N50 length of 27.33 Mb. After chromosome-level scaffolding, 24 chromosomes with a total length of 723.22 Mb were constructed. Moreover, a total of 27,015 protein-coding genes and 5,880 ncRNAs were annotated in the reference genome. This reference genome of O. fasciatus will provide an important resource not only for basic ecological and population genetic studies but also for dissect artificial selection mechanisms in marine aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Ko EJ, Kim H, Lee AR, Jeon KY, Kim A, Kim DH, Park CI, Choi YH, Kim S, Kim HS, Ock MS, Cha HJ. Proteome profile of spleen in rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus) naturally infected with rock bream iridovirus (RBIV). Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1259-1268. [PMID: 34427872 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) is one of the most dangerous pathogens that causes the highest mortality in the aquaculture of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Even though RBIV infection leads to huge economic loss, proteome studies on RBIV-infected rock bream have not been conducted to provide information about the differential protein expression pattern by the host protection system. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the protein expression patterns in spleens of rock bream olive after infection by RBIV or mixed infection by RBIV and bacteria. METHODS Depending on the infection intensity and sampling time point, fish were divided into five groups: uninfected healthy fish at week 0 as the control (0C), heavily infected fish at week 0 (0H), heavily mixed RBIV and bacterial infected fish at week 0 (0MH), uninfected healthy fish at week 3 (3C), and lightly infected fish at week 3 (3L). Proteins were extracted from the spleens of infected rock bream. We used 2-DE analysis with LC-MS/MS to investigate proteome changes in infected rock bream. RESULTS The results of the LC-MS/MS analyses showed different protein expression profiles after infection. Proteins related to oxygen transport and energy generation, such as hemoglobin, beta-globin, and ATP synthase, were mostly expressed in the infected spleen. Whereas proteins involved in structure and cell movement, such as tubulin, myosin, actin binding proteins, and intermediate filament proteins, were down-regulated in the infected spleens. The protein expression profiles between infection by RBIV and mixed infection by RBIV and bacteria showed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that infection by RBIV or mixed infection by RBIV and bacteria triggered energy generation and oxygen-transport, but cell migration and constructional changes in the spleen were extremely decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Ko
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahran Kim
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Sun Ock
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Kwon W, Kim WS, Jeong HD, Hong S. Cloning and expressional analysis of secretory and membrane-bound IgM in rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus) under megalocytivirus infection and vaccination. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:275-285. [PMID: 30668998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for better understanding the humoral immunity of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), 2 transcripts of immunoglobulin M (IgM) heavy chain gene including membrane bound (m-IgM) and secretory (s-IgM) forms were sequenced and analyzed their tissue distribution and differential expression in rock bream under rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) infection and vaccination since RBIV has caused mass mortality in rock bream aquaculture in Korea. Consequently, s-IgM cDNA was 1902 bp in length encoding a leader region, a variable region, four constant regions (CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4) and a C-terminal region while m-IgM cDNA was 1689 bp in length encoding shorter three constant regions (CH1, CH2, CH3) and two transmembrane regions. The predicted s-IgM and m-IgM represent a high structural similarity to other species including human. In tissue distribution analysis in healthy fish, the highest expression of s-IgM was observed in head kidney followed by body kidney, spleen, and mid gut whereas m-IgM expression was the highest in blood followed by head kidney and spleen. In vitro, s-IgM expression was up-regulated by LPS in head kidney and spleen cells at 24 h with no change of m-IgM expression. In vivo upon vaccination, s-IgM expression was up-regulated in liver and blood but not in head kidney while m-IgM expression was only up-regulated in head kidney. After challenge with RBIV, s-IgM expression level was higher in vaccinated fish than in unvaccinated fish and m-IgM expression was up-regulated in head kidney of vaccinated group. In conclusion, differential expression of m-IgM and s-IgM may indicate their differential functions to produce the most effective IgM during adaptive immune response. Although it is not able to assess specific IgM at protein level due to a lack of antibody against rock bream IgM, the present study on s-IgM and m-IgM gene expressions upon infection and vaccination will be useful in developing efficient vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Park
- Department of Wellness Bio-Industrial, Gangneung Wonju National University, South Korea
| | - Wooju Kwon
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyung National University, South Korea
| | - Wi-Sik Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Do Jeong
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyung National University, South Korea
| | - Suhee Hong
- Department of Wellness Bio-Industrial, Gangneung Wonju National University, South Korea.
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9
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Choi KM, Joo MS, Cho DH, Bae JS, Jung JM, Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Seo JS, Hwang SD, Jee BY, Kim DH, Park CI. Characterization of gene expression profiles and functional analysis of peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 from rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:1068-1074. [PMID: 30439496 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGRP2) is a Zn2+-dependent peptidase that plays important roles in binding to microbial components of the cell membrane, inducing phagocytosis and antimicrobial activity. Rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) PGRP2 (RbPGRP2) was identified in the intestine by next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. The open reading frame (ORF) the RbPGRP2 cDNA (470 amino acid residues) contains a peptidoglycan recognition protein domain (residues 300 to 446). Alignment analysis revealed that RbPGRP2 shares 37.6-53.5% overall sequence identity with the PGRP2s of other species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RbPGRP2 clustered together with PGRP2s from teleosts. In healthy rock bream, RbPGRP2 was found to be ubiquitously expressed in all of the examined tissues, especially in the liver. RbPGRP2 expression was significantly upregulated in all of the examined tissues of rock bream after infection with Edwardsiella piscicida, Streptococcus iniae and red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) compared with the control. Purified rRbPGRP2 interactions with bacteria and inhibited the growth of bacteria in the presence of Zn2+. These results indicate that RbPGRP2 plays an important role in the innate immune response against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Choi
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Joo
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Cho
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jung
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeong Jee
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Choi KM, Joo MS, Cho DH, Bae JS, Jeong JM, Woo WS, Han HJ, Lee DC, Cho MY, Jung SH, Kim DH, Park CI. Molecular characterization, expression and functional analysis of peptidoglycan recognition protein-SC2 from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 77:286-293. [PMID: 29625244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins are members of the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), that play important roles in the recognition of peptidoglycan and various biological processes. In this study, we have characterized peptidoglycan recognition protein-SC2 (PGRP-SC2) in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbPGRP-SC2) and analysed its expression in various tissues after pathogen challenge. A sequence alignment revealed that the residues essential to zinc binding of the deduced protein were highly conserved among all the organisms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RbPGRP-SC2 is most closely related to the large yellow croaker PGRP-SC2. RbPGRP-SC2 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues analysed, predominantly distributed in muscle and skin. After challenge with microbial pathogens (Edwardsiella piscicida), Streptococcus iniae or red seabream iridovirus [RSIV]), RbPGRP-SC2 was up-regulated in all the tissues examined, especially in liver. We produced recombinant RbPGRP-SC2 (rRbPGRP-SC2) using an Escherichia coli expression system. The rRbPGRP-SC2 had agglutination activity towards both Gram-negative (E. piscicida) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. iniae). In addition, rRbPGRP-SC2 induced leukocyte apoptosis and promoted leukocyte phagocytosis. These results suggest that the RbPGRP-SC2 plays an important role in the immune system and in maintaining cellular homeostasis of rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Choi
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Joo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Cho
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Woo
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Han
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Chan Lee
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jung
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu., Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim KH, Yang IJ, Kim WJ, Park CJ, Park JW, Noh GE, Lee S, Lee YM, Hwang HK, Kim HC. Expression Analysis of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 in the Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus against Rock Bream Iridovirus (RSIV) Challenge. Dev Reprod 2018; 21:371-378. [PMID: 29354783 PMCID: PMC5769131 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is known to interfere with viral
replication and infection by limiting the viral infection of cells.
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) interferes with viral replication and
infectivity by limiting viral infection in cells. It also plays an important
role in the immune response. In this study, tissue-specific expression of ISG15
in healthy rock bream samples and spatial and temporal expression analysis of
rock bream ISG15 (RbISG15) were performed following rock bream iridovirus (RSIV)
infection. RbISG15 expression was significantly higher in the eye, gill,
intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach, but low in the brain.
There were particularly high levels of expression in the liver and muscle.
RbISG15 expression was also examined in several tissues and at various times
following RSIV infection. ISG15 expression increased within 3 h in the whole
body and decreased at 24 h after infection. In addition, temporal expression of
several tissues following RSIV infection showed a similar pattern in the muscle,
kidney, and spleen, increasing at 3 h and decreasing at 72 h. These results
suggest that ISG15 plays an important role in the immune response of rock bream.
Overall, this study characterizes the response of RbISG15 following RSIV
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Yang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eon Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Hwang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lee YM, Yang IJ, Noh JK, Kim HC, Park CJ, Park JW, Noh GE, Kim WJ, Kim KK. Expression Analysis of Lily Type Lectin Isotypes in the Rock Bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: in the Tissue, Developmental Stage and Viral Infection. Dev Reprod 2017; 20:297-304. [PMID: 28144635 PMCID: PMC5282973 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2016.20.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lectins belong to the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) class and play
important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate
immune system. Recently, it was reported that lily-type lectin-1 is involved
when a pathogen attacks in the early immune response of fish. However, this
study is limited to information that the lectin is involved in the innate immune
response against viral infection. In the present study, the lily-type lectin-2
and -3 of Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfLTL-2 and 3) have been
presented to be included B-lectin domain and two D-mannose binding sites in the
amino acid sequence that an important feature for the fundamental structure. To
investigate the functional properties of OfLTLs, the tissue distribution in the
healthy rock bream and temporal expression during early developmental stage
analysis are performed using quantitative real-time PCR. OfLTL-2 and 3 are
predominantly expressed in the liver and skin, but rarely expressed in other
organ. Also, the transcripts of OfLTLs are not expressed during the early
developmental stage but its transcripts are increased after immune-related
organs which are fully formed. In the challenge experiment with RBIV (rock bream
iridovirus), the expression of OfLTLs was increased much more strongly in the
late response than the early, unlike previously known. These results suggest
that OfLTLs are specifically expressed in the immune-related tissues when those
organs are fully formed and it can be inferred that the more intensively
involved in the second half to the virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mee Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Yang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eon Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Kil Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jeon CH, Do JW, Nam UH, Kim WS, Kim JH. Development of PCR method for detecting Kudoa iwatai (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:789-96. [PMID: 28012028 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We developed a PCR assay targeting the 28S rDNA of Kudoa iwatai (Multivalvulida: Myxozoa) and investigated the prevalence of infection in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus, which is commercially an important aquaculture species in Korea, with this assay. Detection limit of the PCR assay was 2.5 fg/μl with plasmid DNA and 8.6 × 103 spores/ml with purified spores, respectively. This PCR assay did not amplify DNA of other Kudoa species (Kudoa septempunctata, Kudoa lateolabracis, Kudoa thyrsites) tested. Sliced muscles of whole body from 318 rock bream (wild and cultured) were examined by this PCR assay and also with the naked eyes. All of the wild fish did not produce amplicons nor did harbor visible Kudoa cysts (0/70). Three of the cultured fish were PCR-positive and also harbored visible Kudoa cysts (3/248, 1.2%). The sequences of amplicons (574 bp) were 100% identical with those of the K. iwatai already registered in Genbank. When the visceral organs of these three fish were examined, visible cysts were not found, but one stomach sample was found to be PCR-positive. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection estimated by PCR assay and the presence of visible Kudoa cysts in our samples. This is thought to be because the development of K. iwatai is already completed and only mature Kudoa cysts existed in our samples.
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14
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Park HJ, Jeong JM, Bae JS, Kim JW, An CM, Min BH, Kim SY, Myeong JI, Hwang HK, Park CI. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a new lily-type lectin in the rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 65:25-30. [PMID: 27345170 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new lily-type lectin RbLTL was identified from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and its expression analysed. In this study, a new lily-type lectin gene (RbLTL) was cloned from rock bream using expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. The full-length RbLTL cDNA was encoding a 117-amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of RbLTL contained all of the conserved features crucial for its fundamental structure, including B-lectin domain and three d-mannose binding sites. RbLTL mRNA was predominately expressed in the gills, with reduced expression noted in intestine tissue. Expression analysis of time series sampled fertilized eggs revealed that expression gradually increased 1, 3, 12, and 24 h: However, expression decreased at 36 h. RbLTL expression was differentially up-regulated in rock bream gills challenged with Streptococcus iniae, Edwardsiella tarda and RSIV. Our results revealed that novel rock bream lily-type lectin may be an important molecule involved in pattern recognition and pathogen elimination in the innate immunity of rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jun Park
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul-Min An
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwa Min
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeon Kim
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Myeong
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Hwang
- Aquaculture Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 53064, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Thulasitha WS, Kim Y, Umasuthan N, Jayasooriya RGPT, Kim GY, Nam BH, Noh JK, Lee J. Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 from Oplegnathus fasciatus: Molecular characterization, expression against immune stimuli, and biological activities related to oxidative stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 54:11-21. [PMID: 27026037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (TXNDC12) is a small, disulfide-containing protein that belongs to the thioredoxin (TXN) superfamily. In the present study, we identified and characterized a TXNDC12-like gene, designated OfTXNDC12, from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. OfTXNDC12 consists of seven exons interrupted by six introns. Comparative genomic structural analysis revealed that the TXNDC12 of vertebrates is a structurally conserved gene. The coding sequence of OfTXNDC12 comprises 522 bp, which encodes 173 amino acid residues with the conserved thioredoxin active site motif, CGAC, and a probable C-terminal ER retrieval motif, GDEL. Transcriptional analysis of OfTXNDC12 showed the highest concentrations of the mRNA transcript in the liver, implying that it has a significant role in the liver under normal physiological conditions. In comparison, injection of lipopolysaccharide, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) and rock bream iridovirus mostly triggered greater upregulation of OfTXNDC12 transcript levels in liver than in gill tissue, supporting its potential functional importance in the liver. Insulin disulfide reduction assay showed that the recombinant fusion protein (rOfTXNDC12) possesses significant thioredoxin activity. Treatment of LNCaP cells with the recombinant protein along with H2O2 revealed that rOfTXNDC12 increased the viability of cells and further supported its putative antioxidant capacity. Taken together, the results from our study suggest that OfTXNDC12 encodes for a potent antioxidant involved in redox regulation that shows significant responses to immune stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - R G P T Jayasooriya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje, 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Choi KM, Jeong JM, Bae JS, Cho DH, Jung SH, Hwang JY, Baeck GW, Park CI. Coagulation factor II from rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus): First report on the molecular biological function and expression analysis in the teleost. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 48:145-153. [PMID: 26626585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid haemostasis of fish prevents bleeding or infection that could be caused by physical properties of the aquatic environment. Additionally, the innate immune system is the first line of defence against infection and is responsible for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are important for the activation of acquired immune responses. Coagulation factor II (CFII) is an important factor in the coagulation system and is involved in recognition and interaction with various bacterial and extracellular proteins. In this study, we identified and characterised the gene encoding CFII in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbCFII) and analysed its expression in various tissues after a pathogen challenge. The full-length RbCFII cDNA (2079 bp) contained an open reading frame of 1854 bp encoding 617 amino acids. Alignment analysis revealed that a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain, two kringle domains, and a trypsin-like serine protease domain of the deduced protein were well conserved. RbCFII was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined but, predominantly detected in the liver and skin. RbCFII expression was dramatically up-regulated in the kidney, spleen and liver after infection with Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, or red seabream iridovirus. The recombinant protein RbCFII (rRbCFII) produced using an Escherichia coli expression system was able to bind all examined bacteria. Interestingly, rRbCFII has agglutination activities towards E. coli and E. tarda, while no agglutination was shown toward Vibrio ordalii and S. iniae. These findings indicate that rRbCFII performs an immunological function in the immune response, and might be involved in innate immunity as well as blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Choi
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Cho
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jung
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-900, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Youn Hwang
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-900, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Wook Baeck
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Hwang SD, Bae JS, Jo DH, Kim KI, Cho MY, Jee BY, Park MA, Park CI. Gene expression and functional characterization of serum amyloid P component 2 in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 47:521-527. [PMID: 26455663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian serum amyloid P component (SAP) recognizes a wide range of exogenous pathogenic substances and activates a complementary pathway leading to pathogen clearance. To determine the potential roles of SAP in the fish immune system, SAP (RbSAP2) gene was cloned from ESTs analysis of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), which consisted of a signal peptide and pentraxin domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the RbSAP2 gene was classified with other known fish SAPs. RbSAP2 was highly expressed in the liver of healthy rock bream. Overall, pathogen exposure led to an induction of RbSAP2 in the liver and spleen, although this effect was not observed in the spleen following infection with Edwardsiella tarda. A high concentration of recombinant RbSAP2 (rRbSAP2) showed lower growth Streptococcus iniae than control in the absence of Ca(2+), whereas E. tarda growth was decreased by high concentration of rRbSAP in the presence of the Ca(2+). These results suggest that RbSAP plays an important role in the immune response against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-Ro, Gijang-Eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sol Bae
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Jo
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Aquaculture Industry Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 482 Sacheonhaean-Ro Yeongok-Myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-861, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-Ro, Gijang-Eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Jee
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-Ro, Gijang-Eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Park
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-Ro, Gijang-Eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Choi KM, Shim SH, An CM, Nam BH, Jeong JM, Kim JW, Park CI. Functional characterisation and expression analysis of recombinant serum amyloid P isoform 1 (RbSAP1) from rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 45:277-285. [PMID: 25917975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that play important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate immune system. Pentraxins (PTX) are humoral lectins, which are multifunctional proteins in vertebrates. Pentraxins can be divided into two groups based on their primary structure: short (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P [SAP]) and long pentraxins (PTX3 and neuronal pentraxins). Previously, SAP was shown to have Ca(2+)-dependent binding specificity for various ligands and to be a major acute phase protein. In this study, we identified and characterised the gene encoding SAP isoform 1 in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbSAP1) and analysed its expression in various tissues after a pathogen challenge. An alignment analysis conducted based on the deduced amino acid sequence of RbSAP1 (1918 bp full-length cDNA with a 699 bp open reading frame encoding 232 amino acids) and SAPs and PTXs isolated from other organisms, revealed that the pentraxin domain and cysteine residues of the deduced protein are conserved. RbSAP1, which was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, was predominantly detected in head kidney, trunk kidney, peripheral blood leukocytes, and gills. RbSAP1 expression was dramatically up-regulated in the kidney and liver after infection with Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, or red seabream iridovirus. Purified rRbSAP1 was able to bind Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Interestingly, rRbSAP1 aggregated Gram-negative bacteria in the presence of Ca(2+). The anti-pathogen activity of rRbSAP1 suggests that SAP functions in innate immunity in the rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Choi
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong Gu, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul Min An
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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Khosravi S, Jang JW, Rahimnejad S, Song JW, Lee KJ. Choline Essentiality and Its Requirement in Diets for Juvenile Parrot Fish ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:647-53. [PMID: 25924958 PMCID: PMC4412994 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 12-wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the essentiality of choline supplementation in diets for parrot fish. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were supplemented with 0 (as control), 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg choline per kg diet, and a positive control diet without choline contained 0.3% of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol as choline biosynthesis inhibitor (designated as Con, C500, C1000, C2000 and Con+, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (body weight, 8.8±0.01 g) were fed one of the experimental diets at a rate of 4% body weight twice daily. The fish fed Con+ diet revealed significantly lower growth performance and feed utilization efficiency than other fish groups. Supplementation of choline to the basal diet did not significantly influence fish growth. The highest liver lipid content was observed in fish fed the Con+ diet and inversely correlated with liver choline concentration although the differences were not significant. Also, significantly higher liver linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents were found in fish fed the Con+ diet. Innate immune parameters including respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activities were not significantly affected by dietary choline levels. The findings in this study conclude that choline concentration of approximately 230 mg kg−1 diet meets the requirement of parrot fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Khosravi
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Jang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Song
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Xiao Y, Li J, Ren G, Ma D, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Xu S. Pronounced population genetic differentiation in the rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:2045-52. [PMID: 25427804 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.982553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The population genetic structure of the rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) along the coastal waters of China was estimated based on three mtDNA fragments (D-loop, COI, and Cytb). A total of 112 polymorphic sites were checked, which defined 63 haplotypes. A pattern with high levels of haplotype diversity (hCOI = 0.886 ± 0.034, hCytb = 0.874 ± 0.023) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (лCOI = 0.009 ± 0.005, лCytb = 0.006 ± 0.003) was detected based on the COI and Cytb fragments, and high levels of genetic diversity (hD-loop = 0.995 ± 0.007, лD-loop = 0.021 ± 0.011) were detected from the mtDNA D-loop. The population genetic diversity of O. fasciatus in south China was significantly higher than those of north China. Three genealogical clades were checked in the O. fasciatus populations based on the NJ and MST analyses of mtDNA COI gene sequence, and the genetic distances among the clades ranged from 0.018 to 0.025. Significant population genetic differentiation was also checked based on the Fst (0.331, p = 0.000) and exact p (0.000) test analyses. No significant population differentiations were checked based on mtDNA D-loop and Cytb fragments. Using a variety of phylogenetic methods, coalescent reasoning, and molecular dating interpreted in conjunction with paleoclimatic and physiographic evidences, we inferred that the genetic make-up of extant populations of O. fasciatus was shaped by Pleistocene environmental impacts on the historical demography of this species. Coalescent analyses (neutrality tests, mismatch distribution analysis, and Bayesian skyline analyses) showed that the species along coastline of China has experienced population expansions originated in its most recent history at about 169-175 kya before present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuang Xiao
- a Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China and
| | - Jun Li
- a Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China and
| | - Guijing Ren
- b East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Daoyuan Ma
- a Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China and
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- a Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China and
| | - ZhiZhong Xiao
- a Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China and
| | - Shihong Xu
- a Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China and
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21
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Priyathilaka TT, Elvitigala DAS, Whang I, Lim BS, Jeong HB, Yeo SY, Choi CY, Lee J. Molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of non-mammalian type Toll like receptor (TLR21) from rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus). Gene 2014; 553:105-16. [PMID: 25300254 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of pattern recognition receptors, which are involved in triggering host immune responses against various pathogens by detecting their evolutionarily conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR21 is a non-mammalian type TLR, which recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA, and is considered as a functional homolog of mammalian TLR9. In this study, we attempted to identify and characterize a novel TLR21 counterpart from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) designated as RbTLR21, at molecular level. The complete coding sequence of RbTLR21 was 2919bp in length, which encodes a polypeptide of 973 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 112kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.6. The structure of the deduced RbTLR21 protein is similar to that of the members of typical TLR family, and includes the ectodomain, which consists of 16 leucine rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. According to the pairwise sequence analysis data, RbTLR21 was homologous to that of the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) with 76.9% amino acid identity. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analysis revealed that RbTLR21 is closely related to E. coioides TLR21. The RbTLR21 was ubiquitously expressed in all the tissues tested, but the highest expression was found in spleen. Additionally, upon stimulation with Streptococcus iniae, rock bream iridovirus (RBIV), and Edwardsiella tarda, RbTLR21 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in spleen tissues. Collectively, our findings suggest that RbTLR21 is indeed an ortholog of the TLR21 family and may be important in mounting host immune responses against pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Lim
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Bok Jeong
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Environment and Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Umasuthan N, Wan Q, Revathy KS, Whang I, Noh JK, Kim S, Park MA, Lee J. Molecular aspects, genomic arrangement and immune responsive mRNA expression profiles of two CXC chemokine receptor homologs (CXCR1 and CXCR2) from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 40:304-318. [PMID: 24945570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The CXCR1 and CXCR2 are the prototypical receptors and are the only known receptors for mammalian ELR+ (Glu-Leu-Arg) CXC chemokines, including CXCL8 (interleukin 8). These receptors transduce the ELR+ chemokine signals and operate the downstream signaling pathways in inflammation and innate immunity. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of CXCR1 and CXCR2 genes from rock bream fish (OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2) at the molecular level. The cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of the OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 were identified from a transcriptome library and a custom-constructed BAC library, respectively. Both OfCXCR genes consisted of two exons, separated by an intron. The 5'-flanking regions of OfCXCR genes possessed multiple putative transcription factor binding sites related to immune response. The coding sequences of OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 encoded putative peptides of 355 and 360 amino acids (aa), respectively. The deduced aa sequences of OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 comprised of a G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family 1 profile with a GPCR signature and a DRY motif. In addition, seven conserved transmembrane regions were predicted in both OfCXCRs. While our multiple alignment study revealed the functionally significant conserved elements of the OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2, phylogeny analyses further confirmed their position in teleost sub clade, in which they manifested an evolutionary relatedness with other fish counterparts. Based on comparative analyses, teleost CXC chemokine receptors appear to be distinct from their non-fish orthologs in terms of evolution (both CXCR1 and CXCR2) and genomic organization (CXCR2). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detected the transcripts of OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 in eleven examined tissues, with higher levels in head kidney, kidney and spleen highlighting their crucial importance in immunity. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) with concanavalin A (Con A) resulted in modulation of OfCXCR2 transcription, but not that of OfCXCR1. In addition, the magnitude of the OfCXCR1 and OfCXCR2 transcripts in head kidney and spleen was differentially increased after the in vivo administration of immune stimulants, LPS and poly I:C and in the infection models injected with rock bream irido virus, Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae. These lines of evidence suggest that these receptors may play an important role(s) in immune responsive signaling during pathogenesis of rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokryel Kim
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Park
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Zhang L, Zhang BC, Hu YH. Rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus) IL-12p40: identification, expression, and effect on bacterial infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 39:312-320. [PMID: 24875010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
IL-12p40, also called IL-12β, is a subunit of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23. In teleost, IL-12p40 homologues have been identified in several species, however, the biological function of fish IL-12p40 is essentially unknown. In this work, we reported the identification and analysis of an IL-12p40, OfIL-12p40, from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). OfIL-12p40 is composed of 361 amino acids and possesses a conserved IL-12p40 domain and a WSxWS signature motif characteristic of known IL-12p40. Constitutive expression of OfIL-12p40 occurred in multiple tissues and was highest in kidney. Experimental infection with bacterial pathogen upregulated the expression of OfIL-12p40 in kidney and spleen in a time-dependent manner. Purified recombinant OfIL-12p40 (rOfIL-12p40) stimulated the respiratory burst activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in a dose-dependent manner. rOfIL-12p40 also enhanced the resistance of rock bream against bacterial infection and upregulated the expression of innate immune genes in kidney. Taken together, these results indicate that OfIL-12p40 possesses cytokine-like property and plays a role in immune defense against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Zhang BC, Zhang J, Xiao ZZ, Sun L. Rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus) viperin is a virus-responsive protein that modulates innate immunity and promotes resistance against megalocytivirus infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 45:35-42. [PMID: 24525178 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viperin in mammals is known to be an antiviral protein that inhibits the replication of diverse DNA and RNA viruses. In teleost, viperin homologues have been identified in a large number of species and, in some cases, are stimulated in transcription by viruses. However, the biological significance of fish viperin protein in antiviral immunity has not been investigated. In this study, we identified a viperin homologue from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (named OfVip) and examined its expression pattern, subcellular localization, and immune effect. We found that OfVip expression occurred in eight tissues, and experimental challenge of rock bream with the viral fish pathogen megalocytivirus upregulated OfVip expression in kidney, liver, and spleen. OfVip was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum under normal physiological conditions, and viral infection induced subcellular redistribution of OfVip. Transient transfection of cultured fish cells with an OfVip-expressing plasmid caused enhanced cellular resistance against megalocytivirus challenge. Consistently, in vivo study showed that rock bream overexpressing OfVip exhibited significantly reduced viral loads in tissues following experimental infection with megalocytivirus. Furthermore, OfVip upregulated the expression of a wide range of immune genes, including those that are known to participate in antiviral immunity. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that a teleost viperin is a virus-responsive protein that is modulated in subcellular localization by viral infection, and that viperin regulates the immune reactions of the host fish in a manner that augments resistance against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-cun Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-zhong Xiao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Zhang BC, Sun L, Xiao ZZ, Hu YH. Quantitative real time RT-PCR study of pathogen-induced gene expression in rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus): internal controls for data normalization. Mar Genomics 2014; 15:75-84. [PMID: 24657097 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus is an important economic fish species. In this study, we evaluated the appropriateness of six housekeeping genes as internal controls for quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of gene expression in rock bream before and after pathogen infection. The expression of the selected genes in eight tissues infected with Vibrio alginolyticus or megalocytivirus was determined by RT-qPCR, and the PCR data were analyzed with geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. The results showed that before pathogen infection, mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 8 and β-actin were ranked as the most stable genes across the examined tissues. After bacterial or viral infection, the stabilities of the housekeeping genes varied to significant extents in tissue-dependent manners, and no single pair of genes was identified as suitable references for all tissues for either of the pathogen stimuli. In addition, for the majority of tissues, the most stable genes during bacterial infection differed from those during viral infection. Nevertheless, optimum reference genes were identified for each tissue under different conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that tissue type and the nature of the infectious agent used in the study can all influence the choice of normalization factors, and that the optimum reference genes identified in this study will provide a useful guidance for the selection of internal controls in future RT-PCR study of gene expression in rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-cun Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhi-zhong Xiao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yong-hua Hu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Lee SY, Kim BS, Noh CH, Nam YK. Genomic organization and functional diversification of two warm-temperature-acclimation-associated 65-kDa protein genes in rockbream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus; Perciformes). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 37:11-21. [PMID: 24434646 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two paralogue genes of warm-temperature-acclimation-associated 65-kDa protein were characterized and their mRNA expression patterns during various experimental stimulations were examined in the rockbream (Oplegnathus fasciatus; Perciformes). Rockbream Wap65 isoforms (rbWap65-1 and rbWap65-2) share basically common structural features with other teleostean orthologues and human hemopexin (HPX) at both amino acid (conserved cysteine and histidine residues) and genomic levels (ten-exon structure), although the rbWap65-2 reveals more homologous characteristics to human HPX than does rbWap65-1 isoform. Southern blot analysis indicates that each rbWap65 isoform exists as a single copy gene in the rockbream genome. Both rbWap65 genes were predicted to possess various transcription factor (TF) binding motifs related with stress and innate immunity in their 5ʹ-upstream regions, in which inflammation-related motifs were more highlighted in the rbWap65-2 than in rbWap65-1. Based on the RT-PCR assay, the liver-predominant expression pattern was more apparent in rbWap65-1 than rbWap65-2 isoform. During thermal elevation, clear upregulation was found only for the rbWap65-1. In contrast, immune stimulations (bacterial challenges, viral infection and iron overload) activated more preferentially the rbWap65-2 isoform in overall, although the inducibility was affected by the kinds of stimulators and tissue types. Taken together, our data suggest that the two paralogue rbWap65 isoforms have experienced subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization during their evolutionary history, in which the rbWap65-2 has retained closer, functional orthology to the human HPX while the rbWap65-1 have been diversified to be more related with thermal acclimation physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Lee
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Noh
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kwon Nam
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea; Center of Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang SD, Shim SH, Kwon MG, Chae YS, Shim WJ, Jung JH, Kim JW, Park CI. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of two lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factors (LITAFs) from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 36:467-474. [PMID: 24394623 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α factor (LITAF) plays an important role controlling the expression of TNF-α and the other cytokine genes in the presence of LPS. However, two LITAF homologues have not been characterized in fish. In this study, we cloned two distinct LITAF (RbLITAF1 and RbLITAF2) cDNAs from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and characterized their expression profiles after infection with Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae or red seabream iridovirus (RSIV). The coding regions of RbLITAF1 and RbLITAF2 cDNAs were 492 bp and 417 bp, encoding 153 and 138 amino acid residues, respectively. The genes consisted of a LITAF domain. RbLITAF1 was highly expressed in the spleen and heart of healthy rock bream, whereas RbLITAF2 was highly expressed in the gill, intestine and stomach. In spleen, the gene expression of RbLITAF1 and RbLITAF2 were increased until 5 days post-infection (dpi), and then decreased at 7 dpi. In kidney, E. tarda and RSIV infection led to induction of the RbLITAF1 gene at 1 dpi, RbLITAF2 gene was down-regulated after pathogen infection. These results suggest that RbLITAFs may be involved in the LITAF-mediated immune response and regulate systemic immune responses against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Don Hwang
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-900, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Chae
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 391 Jangbuk-Ri, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Shim
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 391 Jangbuk-Ri, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil & POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 391 Jangbuk-Ri, Jangmok-Myon, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-Gil, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Revathy KS, Wickramaarachchi WDN, Wan Q, Whang I, Kim E, Park MA, Park HC, Lee J. A C1 inhibitor ortholog from rock bream ( Oplegnathus fasciatus): molecular perspectives of a central regulator in terms of its genomic arrangement, transcriptional profiles and anti-protease activities of recombinant peptide. Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 42:197-210. [PMID: 24056051 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
C1 inhibitor (C1Inh), a member of serpin superfamily, is a crucial regulator of the activation of various plasmatic cascades associated with immunity and inflammation. This study describes the identification and characterization of a C1Inh gene from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfC1Inh) at structural, expressional and functional levels. The cDNA-(2245bp) and corresponding gDNA-sequences (5.2kbp) of OfC1Inh were isolated from rock bream transcriptome- and BAC-libraries, respectively. Predicted amino acid sequence of OfC1Inh revealed a two-domain architecture composed of an N-terminal region with two Ig-like domains and a C-terminal region with a serpin domain. Tertiary model of OfC1Inh disclosed its active site topology. In the multi-exonic genomic arrangement of OfC1Inh, it consisted of eleven exons disjoined by ten introns as observed in few other fish homologs. Our comparative analysis indicated that the teleostean C1Inhs were distinct from their non-teleostean vertebrate counterparts in terms of their (1) extended N-terminal domains, (2) evolutionary divergence and (3) exon-intron distribution. The OfC1Inh had a TATA-deficient promoter with a putative initiator element, and two tandemly arranged downstream promoter elements. Several components associated with the immune and inflammatory transcriptional activation were also predicted to exist in 5' flanking region of OfC1Inh. The exclusive mRNA levels in liver and moderate levels in extra-hepatic tissues intimated the diversified importance of OfC1Inh in rock bream physiology. We also provide an evidence for the involvement of OfC1Inh in immune balance, based on its modulated transcription upon different PAMP (lipopolysaccharide and poly I:C)- or pathogen (Streptococcus iniae and rock bream irido virus)-challenges. A recombinantly expressed fusion protein [(r)OfC1Inh] was employed in demonstrating the anti-protease function of OfC1Inh. The (r)OfC1Inh exhibited detectable inhibitory activity against C1 esterase and thrombin, where the anti-C1 esterase role was shown to be potentiated by heparin. Taken together, the results of this study provide the first line of evidence for the possible involvement of a teleostean C1Inh in fish immunity, based on its expressional response(s) and inhibitory properties against two enzymes involved in biological cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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29
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Bathige SDNK, Whang I, Umasuthan N, Wickramaarachchi WDN, Wan Q, Lim BS, Park MA, Lee J. Three complement component 1q genes from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: genome characterization and potential role in immune response against bacterial and viral infections. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:1442-1454. [PMID: 23994081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Complement component 1q (C1q) is a subcomponent of the C1 complex and the key protein that recognizes and binds to a broad range of immune and non-immune ligands to initiate the classical complement pathway. In the present study, we identified and characterized three novel C1q family members from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. The full-length cDNAs of C1q A-like (RbC1qAL), C1q B-like (RbC1qBL), and C1q C-like (RbC1qCL) consist of 780, 720 and 726 bp of nucleotide sequence encoding polypeptides of 260, 240 and 242 amino acids, respectively. All three RbC1qs possess a leading signal peptide and collagen-like region(s) (CLRs) in the N-terminus, and a C1q domain at the C-terminus. The C1q characteristic Gly-X-Y repeats are present in all three RbC1qs, while the CLR-associated sequence that enhances phagocytic activity is present in RbC1qAL ((49)GEKGEP(54)) and RbC1qCL ((70)GEKGEP(75)). Moreover, the coding region was distributed across six exons in RbCqAL and RbC1qCL, but only five exons in RbC1qBL. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three RbC1qs tightly cluster with the fish clade. All three RbC1qs are most highly expressed in the spleen and liver, as indicated by qPCR tissue profiling. In addition, all three are transcriptionally responsive to immune challenge, with liver expression being significantly up-regulated in the early phase of infection with intact, live bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) and virus (rock bream iridovirus) and in the late phase of exposure to purified endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). These data collectively suggest that the RbC1qs may play defense roles as an innate immune response to protect the rock bream from bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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