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Baillou A, Tomal F, Chaumeil T, Barc C, Levern Y, Sausset A, Pezier T, Schulthess J, Peltier-Pain P, Laurent F, Lacroix-Lamandé S. Characterization of intestinal mononuclear phagocyte subsets in young ruminants at homeostasis and during Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379798. [PMID: 38756777 PMCID: PMC11096452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryptosporidiosis is a poorly controlled zoonosis caused by an intestinal parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum, with a high prevalence in livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats). Young animals are particularly susceptible to this infection due to the immaturity of their intestinal immune system. In a neonatal mouse model, we previously demonstrated the importance of the innate immunity and particularly of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) among mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in controlling the acute phase of C. parvum infection. These immune populations are well described in mice and humans, but their fine characterization in the intestine of young ruminants remained to be further explored. Methods Immune cells of the small intestinal Peyer's patches and of the distal jejunum were isolated from naive lambs and calves at different ages. This was followed by their fine characterization by flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses (q-RT-PCR and single cell RNAseq (lamb cells)). Newborn animals were infected with C. parvum, clinical signs and parasite burden were quantified, and isolated MP cells were characterized by flow cytometry in comparison with age matched control animals. Results Here, we identified one population of macrophages and three subsets of cDC (cDC1, cDC2, and a minor cDC subset with migratory properties) in the intestine of lamb and calf by phenotypic and targeted gene expression analyses. Unsupervised single-cell transcriptomic analysis confirmed the identification of these four intestinal MP subpopulations in lamb, while highlighting a deeper diversity of cell subsets among monocytic and dendritic cells. We demonstrated a weak proportion of cDC1 in the intestine of highly susceptible newborn lambs together with an increase of these cells within the first days of life and in response to the infection. Discussion Considering cDC1 importance for efficient parasite control in the mouse model, one may speculate that the cDC1/cDC2 ratio plays also a key role for the efficient control of C. parvum in young ruminants. In this study, we established the first fine characterization of intestinal MP subsets in young lambs and calves providing new insights for comparative immunology of the intestinal MP system across species and for future investigations on host-Cryptosporidium interactions in target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Baillou
- Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR)1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Florian Tomal
- Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR)1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Thierry Chaumeil
- Unité Expérimentale (UE)1277 Plateforme d’Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Céline Barc
- Unité Expérimentale (UE)1277 Plateforme d’Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Levern
- Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR)1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alix Sausset
- Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR)1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Tiffany Pezier
- Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR)1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Laurent
- Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR)1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé
- Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR)1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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Zanna MY, Yasmin AR, Omar AR, Arshad SS, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Nur-Fazila SH, Mahiza MIN. Review of Dendritic Cells, Their Role in Clinical Immunology, and Distribution in Various Animal Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158044. [PMID: 34360810 PMCID: PMC8348663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are cells derived from the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow and form a widely distributed cellular system throughout the body. They are the most efficient, potent, and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system, inducing and dispersing a primary immune response by the activation of naïve T-cells, and playing an important role in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance under homeostatic conditions. Thus, this review has elucidated the general aspects of DCs as well as the current dynamic perspectives and distribution of DCs in humans and in various species of animals that includes mouse, rat, birds, dog, cat, horse, cattle, sheep, pig, and non-human primates. Besides the role that DCs play in immune response, they also play a pathogenic role in many diseases, thus becoming a target in disease prevention and treatment. In addition, its roles in clinical immunology have also been addressed, which include its involvement in transplantation, autoimmune disease, viral infections, cancer, and as a vaccine target. Therefore, based on the current knowledge and understanding of the important roles they play, DCs can be used in the future as a powerful tool for manipulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Yusuf Zanna
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abd Rahaman Yasmin
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.R.O.); (A.R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-8609-3473 or +601-7353-7341
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.R.O.); (A.R.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.R.O.); (A.R.M.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
| | - Md Isa Nur Mahiza
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.S.A.); (S.H.N.-F.); (M.I.N.M.)
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Uhde AK, Lehmbecker A, Baumgärtner W, Spitzbarth I. Evaluation of a panel of antibodies for the immunohistochemical identification of immune cells in paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues of new- and old-world camelids. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 184:42-53. [PMID: 28166931 PMCID: PMC7111308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Different species of camelids play
an important role in the epidemiology of various emerging infectious
diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome. For precise
investigations of the immunopathogenesis in these host species,
appropriate immunohistochemical markers are highly needed in order to
phenotype distinct immune cells populations in camelids. So far, specific
immunohistochemical markers for camelid immune cells are rarely
commercially available, and cross-reactivity studies are restricted to
the use of frozen dromedary tissues. To bridge this gap, 14 commercially
available primary antibodies were tested for their suitability to
demonstrate immune cell populations on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded
(FFPE) tissue sections of dromedaries, Bactrian camels, llamas, and
alpacas in the present study. Out of these, 9 antibodies directed against
CD3, CD20, CD79α, HLA-DR, Iba-1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen, CD204,
CD208, and CD68 antigen exhibited distinct immunoreaction patterns to
certain camelid immune cell subsets. The distribution of these antigens
was comparatively evaluated in different anatomical compartments of
thymus, spleen, mesenteric, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. The
presented results will provide a basis for further investigations in
camelids, especially with respect to the role of the immune response in
certain infectious diseases, which harbor a considerable risk to spill
over to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Spitzbarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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Lund H, Boysen P, Åkesson CP, Lewandowska-Sabat AM, Storset AK. Transient Migration of Large Numbers of CD14(++) CD16(+) Monocytes to the Draining Lymph Node after Onset of Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:322. [PMID: 27621730 PMCID: PMC5002921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of skin-draining cells following infection or vaccination provide important insight into the initiation of immune responses. In this study, the local recruitment and activation of immune cells in draining lymph nodes (LNs) was studied in calves in an adjuvant-induced inflammation. A transient but remarkably strong recruitment of monocytes was demonstrated after onset of inflammation, constituting up to 41% of live cells in the draining LNs after 24 h. Numerous CD14(+) cells were visualized in subcutaneous tissues and draining LNs, and the majority of these cells did not express dendritic cell-associated markers CD205 and CD11c. In the LNs, recruited cells were predominately of a CD14(++) and CD16(+) phenotype, consistent with an intermediate monocyte subset characterized to possess a high inflammatory potential. Moreover, monocytes from the draining LN showed a high expression of genes coding for pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNFa, and TGFβ. Shortly after their appearance in the LN cortical areas, the monocytes had moved into the medulla followed by an increase in peripheral blood. In conclusion, this study provides novel information on in vivo monocyte recruitment and migration after onset of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Lund
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Preben Boysen
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Caroline Piercey Åkesson
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | | | - Anne K Storset
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Oslo , Norway
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Olsen L, Åkesson CP, Aleksandersen M, Boysen P, Press CM, Drouet F, Storset AK, Espenes A. NCR1+ cells appear early in GALT development of the ovine foetus and acquire a c-kit+ phenotype towards the end of gestation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 169:79-84. [PMID: 26827843 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The amount, distribution and phenotype of ovine NCR1+ cells were investigated during developing GALT from day 70 of gestation. Antibodies against CD3 and CD79 were used to identify the compartments of GALT, and the localization of NCR1+ cells were correlated within these structures. Markers CD34 and c-kit, in addition to Ki67, were used to investigate possible origin and the stage of development of the NCR1+ cells. NCR1+ cells were present as single cells in the subepithelial tissue as early as 70 days of gestation, and were predominantly present in the T cell rich IFAs and domes as these intestinal wall compartments developed. While NCR1+ cells proliferated more intensively at mid-gestation (70-104 days), the number of NCR1+ cells also expressing c-kit, increased at the end of gestation. In conclusion, NCR1+ cells appeared early in T cell areas of the gut and displayed a phenotype consistent with intermediate stages of cNK cells and/or a subpopulation of ILC22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Olsen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Caroline Piercey Åkesson
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mona Aleksandersen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Preben Boysen
- Department of Food Safety & Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Charles McL Press
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Françoise Drouet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Muqueuse, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Anne K Storset
- Department of Food Safety & Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Olsen L, Åkesson CP, Storset AK, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Boysen P, Metton C, Connelley T, Espenes A, Laurent F, Drouet F. The early intestinal immune response in experimental neonatal ovine cryptosporidiosis is characterized by an increased frequency of perforin expressing NCR1(+) NK cells and by NCR1(-) CD8(+) cell recruitment. Vet Res 2015; 46:28. [PMID: 25890354 PMCID: PMC4355373 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum, a zoonotic protozoan parasite, causes important losses in neonatal ruminants. Innate immunity plays a key role in controlling the acute phase of this infection. The participation of NCR1+ Natural Killer (NK) cells in the early intestinal innate immune response to the parasite was investigated in neonatal lambs inoculated at birth. The observed increase in the lymphocyte infiltration was further studied by immunohistology and flow cytometry with focus on distribution, density, cellular phenotype related to cytotoxic function and activation status. The frequency of NCR1+ cells did not change with infection, while their absolute number slightly increased in the jejunum and the CD8+/NCR1- T cell density increased markedly. The frequency of perforin+ cells increased significantly with infection in the NCR1+ population (in both NCR1+/CD16+ and NCR1+/CD16- populations) but not in the NCR1-/CD8+ population. The proportion of NCR1+ cells co-expressing CD16+ also increased. The fraction of cells expressing IL2 receptor (CD25), higher in the NCR1+/CD8+ population than among the CD8+/NCR1- cells in jejunal Peyer’s patches, remained unchanged during infection. However, contrary to CD8+/NCR1- lymphocytes, the intensity of CD25 expressed by NCR1+ lymphocytes increased in infected lambs. Altogether, the data demonstrating that NK cells are highly activated and possess a high cytotoxic potential very early during infection, concomitant with an up-regulation of the interferon gamma gene in the gut segments, support the hypothesis that they are involved in the innate immune response against C. parvum. The early significant recruitment of CD8+/NCR1- T cells in the small intestine suggests that they could rapidly drive the establishment of the acquired immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Olsen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Caroline Piercey Åkesson
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne K Storset
- Department of Food Safety & Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Muqueuse, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Preben Boysen
- Department of Food Safety & Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Coralie Metton
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Muqueuse, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Timothy Connelley
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Muqueuse, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Françoise Drouet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Muqueuse, Nouzilly, France.
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Summerfield A, Auray G, Ricklin M. Comparative Dendritic Cell Biology of Veterinary Mammals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 3:533-57. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
| | - Gael Auray
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
| | - Meret Ricklin
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland;
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Godoy RF, Alves ALG, Gibson AJ, Lima EM, Goodship AE. Do progenitor cells from different tissue have the same phenotype? Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:454-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Olsen L, Boysen P, Åkesson CP, Gunnes G, Connelley T, Storset AK, Espenes A. Characterization of NCR1+ cells residing in lymphoid tissues in the gut of lambs indicates that the majority are NK cells. Vet Res 2013; 44:109. [PMID: 24219350 PMCID: PMC4176090 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important for immune protection of the gut mucosa. Previous studies have shown that under pathologic conditions NK cells, T cells and dendritic cells are found co-localised in secondary lymphoid organs where their interaction coordinates immune responses. However, in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs), there are few detailed reports on the distribution of NK cells. Sheep harbour several types of organised lymphoid tissues in the gut that have different functions. The ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) functions as a primary lymphoid tissue for B cell generation, while the jejunal Peyer's patches (JPPs) and colon patches (CPs) are considered secondary lymphoid tissues. In the present study, we analysed tissues from healthy lambs by flow cytometry and in situ multicolour immunofluorescence, using recently described NCR1 antibodies to identify ovine NK cells. Most NCR1+ cells isolated from all tissues were negative for the pan T cell marker CD3, and thus comply with the general definition of NK cells. The majority of NCR1+ cells in blood as well as secondary lymphoid organs expressed CD16, but in the GALT around half of the NCR1+ cells were negative for CD16. A semi-quantitative morphometric study on tissue sections was used to compare the density of NK cells in four compartments of the IPPs, JPP and CPs. NCR1+ cells were found in all gut segments. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between compartments of the primary lymphoid organ IPP and the secondary lymphoid organs of the JPPs and CP. NK cells co-localised and made close contact with T cells, dendritic cells and other NK cells, but did not show signs of proliferation. We conclude that NK cells are present in all investigated segments of the sheep gut, but that presence of other innate lymphoid cells expressing NCR1 cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Olsen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway.
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Alvarez B, Poderoso T, Alonso F, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J, Revilla C. Antigen targeting to APC: from mice to veterinary species. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:153-163. [PMID: 23648645 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antigen delivery to receptors expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC) has shown to improve immunogenicity of vaccines in mice. An enhancement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T cell or humoral responses was obtained depending on the type of APC and the surface molecule targeted. Although this strategy is being also evaluated in livestock animals with promising results, some discrepancies have been found between species and pathogens. The genetic diversity of livestock animals, the different pattern of expression of some receptors among species, the use of different markers to characterize APC in large animals and sometimes the lack of reagents make difficult to compare results obtained in different species. In this review, we summarize the data available regarding antigen targeting to APC receptors in cattle, sheep and pig and discuss the results found in these animals in the context of what has been obtained in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alvarez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Junginger J, Lemensieck F, Moore PF, Schwittlick U, Nolte I, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Canine gut dendritic cells in the steady state and in inflammatory bowel disease. Innate Immun 2013; 20:145-60. [PMID: 23723379 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913485475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside the intestinal border, dendritic cells (DCs) sample large amounts of endogenous and potentially pathogenic antigens followed by initiation of protective immune responses or induction of tolerance. Breakdown of oral tolerance towards commensal bacteria is suggested to be crucial for the development of both human and canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate canine intestinal DCs in the steady state and in dogs with IBD using multicolour immunofluorescence. In the healthy gut, DC-like cells expressed MHC II, CD1a8.2 and CD11c, and, in lower amounts, CD11b, within lamina propria, Peyer's patches (PPs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), whereas those expressing CD80 and CD86 were only present in PPs and MLNs. Occasionally, DC-like cells were in contact with the intestinal lumen through transepithelial projections. In canine IBD, CD1a8.2+, CD11b+ and CD11c+ DC-like cells were decreased within the stomach, duodenum and colon, whereas the colonic mucosa revealed elevation of CD86+ DC-like cells. The complex network of DC-like cells in the gut indicates their important role in canine mucosal immunity, including active sampling of luminal antigens. Furthermore, their shift in diseased dogs suggests a pathogenetic significance for canine IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Junginger
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Romero-Palomo F, Risalde MA, Molina V, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Pedrera M, Gómez-Villamandos JC. Immunohistochemical Detection of Dendritic Cell Markers in Cattle. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:1099-108. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813482951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Romero-Palomo
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - M. A. Risalde
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - V. Molina
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - P. J. Sánchez-Cordón
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - M. Pedrera
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. C. Gómez-Villamandos
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
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Piercey Åkesson C, Press CM, Tranulis MA, Jeffrey M, Aleksandersen M, Landsverk T, Espenes A. Phenotypic characterization of cells participating in transport of prion protein aggregates across the intestinal mucosa of sheep. Prion 2012; 6:261-75. [PMID: 22437736 PMCID: PMC3399537 DOI: 10.4161/pri.19215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral route is considered to be the main entry site of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases of animals and man. Following natural and experimental oral exposure to scrapie, sheep first accumulate disease associated prion protein (PrPd) in Peyer’s patch (PP) lymphoid follicles. In this study, recombinant ovine prion protein (rPrP) was inoculated into gut loops of young lambs and the transportation across the intestinal wall studied. In particular, the immunohistochemical phenotypes of cells bearing the inoculated prion protein were investigated. The rPrP was shown to be transported across the villi of the gut, into the lacteals and submucosal lymphatics, mimicking the transport route of PrPd from scrapie brain inoculum observed in a previous intestinal loop experiment. The cells bearing the inoculated rPrP were mainly mononuclear cells, and multicolor immunofluorescence procedures were used to show that the rPrP bearing cells were professional antigen presenting cells expressing Major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII). In addition, the rPrP bearing cells labeled with CD205, CD11b and the macrophage marker CD68, and not with the dendritic cell markers CD11c and CD209. Others have reported that cells expressing CD205 and CD11b in the absence of CD11c have been shown to induce T cell tolerance or regulatory T cells. Based on this association, it was speculated that the rPrP and by extension PrPd and scrapie infective material may exploit the physiological process of macromolecular uptake across the gut, and that this route of entry may have implications for immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Piercey Åkesson
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway.
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Flores-Mendoza L, Velazquez C, Bray J, Njongmeta L, Mwangi W, Hernández J. Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against porcine CD205. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 146:74-80. [PMID: 22348805 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop mAbs against porcine CD205 and to conduct a comparative analysis of the CD205 protein expression on lymphoid tissues, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and DCs isolated from the porcine skin. To conduct this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody, designated 1.F6F6, against the C-type lectin-like domain-5 of the porcine CD205 and showed that it recognizes a protein band of ∼200 kDa by Western Blot analysis in mesenteric lymph nodes cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the mAb 1.F6F6 recognized 28.5%, 28.1% and 34.1% of cells from tonsil, inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively, and 6% of cells from thymus. Analysis of monocyte-derived DCs showed that approximately 20% were positive and activation of the cells with LPS increased the positive population to 36%. Analysis of DCs isolated from the porcine skin showed that approximately 70% of the cell population expressed the CD205 receptor. The development of a monoclonal antibody capable of recognizing the CD205 receptor in swine opens up possibilities of applying new strategies for enhancing vaccine efficacy by using the anti-CD205 antibody for DC antigen-targeting to enhance priming of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Flores-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Olivier M, Foret B, Le Vern Y, Guilloteau LA. Capacities of migrating CD1b+ lymph dendritic cells to present Salmonella antigens to naive T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30430. [PMID: 22279590 PMCID: PMC3261196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are well known as professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) able to initiate specific T-cell responses to pathogens in lymph nodes (LN) draining the site of infection. However, the respective contribution of migratory and LN-resident DCs in this process remains unclear. As DC subsets represent important targets for vaccination strategies, more precise knowledge of DC subsets able to present vaccine antigens to T cells efficiently is required. To investigate the capacities of DCs migrating in the lymph (L-DCs) to initiate a specific T-cell response, we used physiologically generated DCs collected from a pseudoafferent lymphatic cannulation model in sheep. The CD1b+ L-DCs were assessed for presenting antigens from the vaccine attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis. CD1b+ L-DCs were able to phagocytose, process and to present efficiently Salmonella antigens to effector/memory T cells in vitro. They were shown to be efficient APC for the priming of allogeneic naive T cells associated with inducing both IFN-γ and IL-4 responses. They were also efficient in presenting Salmonella antigens to autologous naive T cells associated with inducing both IFN-γ and IL-10 responses. The capacities of L-DCs to process and present Salmonella antigens to T cells were investigated in vivo after conjunctival inoculation of Salmonella. The CD1b+ L-DCs collected after inoculation were able to induce the proliferative response of CD4+ T cells suggesting the in vivo capture of Salmonella antigens by the CD1b+ L-DCs, and their potential to present them directly to CD4+ T cells. In this study, CD1b+ L-DCs present potential characteristics of APC to initiate by themselves T cell priming in the LN. They could be used as target cells for driving immune activation in vaccinal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Olivier
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Benjamin Foret
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yves Le Vern
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Laurence A. Guilloteau
- UR1282 Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
- * E-mail:
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Flores-Mendoza L, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Dawson H, Mwangi W, Hernández J. Characterization of porcine CD205. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:715-721. [PMID: 20188754 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells express a type cell-surface receptor, CD205 that plays a role in antigen capture and delivery to the endocytic pathway. Besides DCs, high CD205 expression is also detected on thymic epithelial cells but B cells, macrophages, and T cells have limited or no expression. CD205 has been characterized in several animal species except swine. The aim of this work was to characterize porcine CD205 and mRNA expression on different cells and tissues involved in immune responses. A complete porcine CD205 sequence of 5175bp was obtained from porcine thymus cDNA by PCR gene-walking strategy and this gene encoded a protein of 1723 amino acids. The multi-domain structure reported for murine, human, and bovine CD205 was also conserved in porcine with an overall amino acid identity of 74, 81, and 85%, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the CD205 mRNA profiles in normal porcine tissues and cells showed that thymus and Langerhans cells expressed the highest levels. Further characterization of porcine CD205 will lead to better understanding of the role of this receptor and development of contemporary strategies for antigen targeting to DCs in swine.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Langerhans Cells/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Swine/genetics
- Swine/immunology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Flores-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a la Victorias Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Lwin S, Inoshima Y, Atoji Y, Ueno H, Ishiguro N. Immune cell types involved in early uptake and transport of recombinant mouse prion protein in Peyer’s patches of calves. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 338:343-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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McNeilly TN, Devaney E, Matthews JB. Teladorsagia circumcincta in the sheep abomasum: defining the role of dendritic cells in T cell regulation and protective immunity. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:347-56. [PMID: 19527450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes of the small-ruminant gastrointestinal tract pose a problem worldwide. The impact of these pathogens is worsened by the emergence of anthelmintic resistance to all three available classes of drugs. In addition to causing considerable economic loss, these parasites are detrimental to the health and welfare of sheep and goats. Vaccination offers an alternative approach to drug-based control and a great deal of investment has gone into the investigation of protective antigens for some of these nematode species. However, attempts at vaccination are hindered by a lack of understanding of how best to promote protective immunity to nematode species, such as Teladorsagia circumcincta, which inhabits the abomasum of sheep. This situation contrasts with that in murine models of gastrointestinal nematode infection, where the basis of protective immunity is increasingly well understood. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the immune effector mechanisms elicited by T. circumcincta and consider the probable role of dendritic cells in the initiation of both effector and regulatory responses in the abomasum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, UK
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