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Nicolas M, Faurie A, Girault M, Lavillatte S, Menanteau P, Chaumeil T, Riou M, Velge P, Schouler C. In ovo administration of a phage cocktail partially prevents colibacillosis in chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102967. [PMID: 37639754 PMCID: PMC10477683 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, the main bacterial disease in poultry leading to significant economic losses worldwide. Antibiotic treatments favor the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and preventive measures are insufficient to control the disease. There is increasing interest in using the potential of bacteriophages, not only for phage therapy but also for prevention and biocontrol. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a phage cocktail administered in ovo to prevent avian colibacillosis in chicks. When 4 different phages (REC, ESCO3, ESCO47, and ESCO58), stable under avian physiological conditions, were combined and inoculated at 17 embryogenic days (ED), they were transmitted to the newly hatched chicks. In a second trial, the 4-phage cocktail was inoculated into the allantoic fluid at ED16 and after hatch 1-day-old chicks were challenged with the O2 APEC strain BEN4358 inoculated subcutaneously. Two phages (REC and ESCO3) were still detected in the ceca of surviving chicks at the end of the experiment (7-days postinfection). Chicks that received the phages in ovo did not develop colibacillosis lesions and showed a significant decrease in intestinal BEN4358 load (8.00 × 107 CFU/g) compared to the challenged chicks (4.52 × 108 CFU/g). The majority of the reisolated bacteria from the ceca of surviving chicks had developed full resistance to ESCO3 phage, and only 3 were resistant to REC phage. The partially or complete resistance of REC phage induced a considerable cost to bacterial virulence. Here, we showed that phages inoculated in ovo can partially prevent colibacillosis in 1-wk-old chicks. The reduction in the APEC load in the gut and the decreased virulence of some resistant isolates could also contribute to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, University of Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Kraimi N, Lormant F, Calandreau L, Kempf F, Zemb O, Lemarchand J, Constantin P, Parias C, Germain K, Rabot S, Philippe C, Foury A, Moisan MP, Carvalho AV, Coustham V, Dardente H, Velge P, Chaumeil T, Leterrier C. Microbiota and stress: a loop that impacts memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 136:105594. [PMID: 34875421 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress and the gut microbiota appear to comprise a feed-forward loop, which contributes to the development of depressive disorders. Evidence suggests that memory can also be impaired by either chronic stress or microbiota imbalance. However, it remains to be established whether these could be a part of an integrated loop model and be responsible for memory impairments. To shed light on this, we used a two-pronged approach in Japanese quail: first stress-induced alterations in gut microbiota were characterized, then we tested whether this altered microbiota could affect brain and memory function when transferred to a germ-free host. The cecal microbiota of chronically stressed quails was found to be significantly different from that of unstressed individuals with lower α and β diversities and increased Bacteroidetes abundance largely represented by the Alistipes genus, a well-known stress target in rodents and humans. The transfer of this altered microbiota into germ-free quails decreased their spatial and cue-based memory abilities as previously demonstrated in the stressed donors. The recipients also displayed increased anxiety-like behavior, reduced basal plasma corticosterone levels and differential gene expression in the brain. Furthermore, cecal microbiota transfer from a chronically stressed individual was sufficient to mimic the adverse impact of chronic stress on memory in recipient hosts and this action may be related to the Alistipes genus. Our results provide evidence of a feed-forward loop system linking the microbiota-gut-brain axis to stress and memory function and suggest that maintaining a healthy microbiota could help alleviate memory impairments linked to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Kraimi
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Flore Lormant
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Florent Kempf
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- INRAE-INPT-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, GenPhySE, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julie Lemarchand
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Paul Constantin
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Céline Parias
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Karine Germain
- INRAE, UE1206 Systèmes d'Elevage Avicoles Alternatifs, Le Magneraud, 17700 Surgères, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aline Foury
- INRAE, UMR 1286, Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRAE, UMR 1286, Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, ISP, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Thierry Chaumeil
- INRAE, UE Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Velge P, Menanteau P, Chaumeil T, Barilleau E, Trotereau J, Virlogeux-Payant I. Two In Vivo Models to Study Salmonella Asymptomatic Carrier State in Chicks. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2427:249-264. [PMID: 35619039 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1971-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In chicken, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, the two main serotypes isolated in human infections, can persist in the host organism for many weeks and up to many years without causing any symptoms. This persistence generally occurs after a short systemic infection that may either lead to death of very young birds or develop into cecal asymptomatic persistence, which is often accompanied by a high level of bacterial excretion, facilitating Salmonella transmission to counterparts. Here we describe two models of chick infection. The first model reproduces well the poultry infection in farm flocks. Numerous reinfections and animal-animal recontaminations occur leading to a high level of cecal colonization and fecal excretion in all chicks in the flock, over several weeks. In the second model, these animal reinfections and recontaminations are hampered leading to heterogeneity of infection characterized by the presence of low and super-shedders. This model allows for more mechanistic studies of Salmonella/chicks interactions as animal recontaminations are lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Pierrette Menanteau
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Emilie Barilleau
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérôme Trotereau
- INRAE, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 ISP, Nouzilly, France
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Guitton E, Faurie A, Lavillatte S, Chaumeil T, Gaboriaud P, Bussière F, Laurent F, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Guabiraba R, Schouler C. Production of Germ-Free Fast-Growing Broilers from a Commercial Line for Microbiota Studies. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32628163 DOI: 10.3791/61148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the gut microbiota contribution to the host physiology and immunocompetence are facilitated by the availability of germ-free animal models, which are considered the gold standard. Nesting birds are ideal models for the production of germ-free animals since there is no need to raise their relatives under sterile conditions. Germ-free chickens are mainly generated from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) experimental lines, which are poorly representative of commercial chicken lines. The method proposed here allowed the production of germ-free chickens from the fast growing broiler line Ross PM3, commonly used by the poultry industry. Eggs were quickly collected after laying at a broiler breeder farm. They underwent a strict decontamination process from the collection to the introduction in a sterile egg hatching isolator. The chicks have been hatched and kept in these sterile isolators during the period necessary to control their sterility. Originally developed for an experimental SPF white leghorn line, the present protocol has been adapted not only to the Ross PM3 broiler line but also to quails. It therefore represents a robust and readily adaptable procedure to other poultry species and nesting birds of economic, biological or ecological relevance.
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Billot M, Chaumeil T, Jaglin P, Brun C, Wood C, Tavernier J, Lavallière M, Langlois P, Rigoard P, Perrochon A. Effet d’un programme d’hypno-analgésie de trois semaines sur le contrôle postural de patients obèses douloureux chroniques. Neurophysiol Clin 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2019.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ponsart C, Riou M, Locatelli Y, Jacques I, Fadeau A, Jay M, Simon R, Perrot L, Freddi L, Breton S, Chaumeil T, Blanc B, Ortiz K, Vion C, Rioult D, Quéméré E, Sarradin P, Chollet JY, Garin-Bastuji B, Rossi S. Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccination generates a higher shedding risk of the vaccine strain in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) compared to the domestic goat (Capra hircus). Vet Res 2019; 50:100. [PMID: 31775863 PMCID: PMC6882340 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a reservoir for Brucella in Capra ibex in the French Alps. Vaccination was considered as a possible way to control Brucella infection in this wildlife population. Twelve ibexes and twelve goats were allocated into four groups housed separately, each including six males or six non-pregnant females. Four to five animals were vaccinated and one or two animals were contact animals. Half of the animals were necropsied 45 days post-vaccination (pv), and the remaining ones at 90 days pv. Additional samples were collected 20 and 68 days pv to explore bacterial distribution in organs and humoral immunity. Neither clinical signs nor Brucella-specific lesions were observed and all vaccinated animals seroconverted. Brucella distribution and antibody profiles were highly contrasted between both species. Proportion of infected samples was significantly higher in ibex compared to goats and decreased between 45 and 90 days pv. Two male ibex presented urogenital excretion at 20 or 45 days pv. The bacterial load was higher 45 days in ibexes compared to goats, whereas it remained moderate to low 90 days pv in both species with large variability between animals. In this experiment, differences between species remained the main source of variation, with low impact of other individual factors. To conclude, multiplicative and shedding capacity of Rev.1 was much higher in ibex compared to goats within 90 days. These results provide initial information on the potential use in natura of a commercial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mickaël Riou
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Isabelle Jacques
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire Technologique (IUT), Université de Tours, 29 Rue du Pont Volant, 37082, Tours Cedex 2, France
- UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), INRA Centre Val de Loire - Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alain Fadeau
- Laboratoire de Touraine, Conseil départemental d'Indre-et-Loire, B.P. 67357, 37073, Tours Cedex 02, France
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Roland Simon
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94706, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvain Breton
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Thierry Chaumeil
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Barbara Blanc
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Katia Ortiz
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Colin Vion
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290, Obterre, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 9 Boulevard de la Paix, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Erwan Quéméré
- Unité Comportement et Écologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), INRA, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge-Auzeville CS 52627, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Sarradin
- UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie expérimentale (PFIE), INRA Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Yves Chollet
- Unité sanitaire de la Faune, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), 5 rue de Saint-Thibaud, Saint-Benoît, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- European and International Affairs Department, ANSES, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Unité sanitaire de la Faune, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Expertise (DRE), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS), 5 rue de Saint-Thibaud, Saint-Benoît, 78610, Auffargis, France
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Rainard P, Gitton C, Chaumeil T, Fassier T, Huau C, Riou M, Tosser-Klopp G, Krupova Z, Chaize A, Gilbert FB, Rupp R, Martin P. Host factors determine the evolution of infection with Staphylococcus aureus to gangrenous mastitis in goats. Vet Res 2018; 49:72. [PMID: 30045763 PMCID: PMC6060506 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0564-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of very severe mastitis of dairy goats. The initial objective of our study was to fine-tune an experimental model of infection of the goat mammary gland with two strains of S. aureus and two lines of goats (low and high somatic cell score lines). Following the challenge, the 10 infected goats divided in two clear-cut severity groups, independently of the S. aureus strain and the goat line. Five goats developed very severe mastitis (of which four were gangrenous) characterized by uncontrolled infection (UI group), whereas the other five kept the infection under control (CI group). The outcome of the infection was determined by 18 h post-infection (hpi), as heralded by the bacterial milk concentration at 18 hpi: more than 107/mL in the UI group, about 106/mL in the CI group. Leukocyte recruitment and composition did not differ between the groups, but the phagocytic killing at 18 hpi efficiency did. Contributing factors involved milk concentrations of α-toxin and LukMF′ leukotoxin, but not early expression of the genes encoding the pentraxin PTX3, the cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β, and the chemokines IL-8 and CCL5. Concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-22 rose sharply in the milk of UI goats when infection was out of control. The results indicate that defenses mobilized by the mammary gland at an early stage of infection were essential to prevent staphylococci from reaching critical concentrations. Staphylococcal exotoxin production appeared to be a consequent event inducing the evolution to gangrenous mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rainard
- ISP, INRA, UMR 1282, Université Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Huau
- GenPhySE, INRA, UMR 1388, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Gwenola Tosser-Klopp
- GenPhySE, INRA, UMR 1388, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Zuzana Krupova
- GABI, INRA, UMR 1313, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,EXCILONE, 78990, Elancourt, France
| | - Anne Chaize
- GABI, INRA, UMR 1313, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Rachel Rupp
- GenPhySE, INRA, UMR 1388, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Patrice Martin
- GABI, INRA, UMR 1313, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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