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Fu Q, Hu J, Zhang P, Li Y, Zhao S, Cao M, Yang N, Li C. CC and CXC chemokines in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): Identification, evolutionary analyses, and expression profiling after Aeromonas salmonicida infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:82-98. [PMID: 35690275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally related cytokines, which exert essential roles in guiding cell migration in development, homeostasis, and immunity. CC and CXC chemokines are the two major subfamilies in teleost species. In this study, a total of seventeen CC and CXC chemokines, with inclusion of twelve CC and five CXC chemokines, were systematically identified from the turbot genome, making turbot the teleost harboring the least number of CC and CXC chemokines among all teleost species ever reported. Phylogeny, synteny, and genomic organization analyses were performed to annotate these genes, and multiple chemokine genes were identified in the turbot genome, due to the tandem duplications (CCL19 and CCL20), the whole genome duplications (CCL20, CCL25, and CXCL12), and the teleost-specific members (CCL34-36, CCL44, and CXCL18). In addition, chemokines were ubiquitously expressed in nine examined healthy tissues, with high expression levels observed in liver, gill, and spleen. Moreover, most chemokines were significantly differentially expressed in gill and spleen after Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and exhibited tissue-specific and time-dependent manner. Finally, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis indicated that turbot chemokines interacted with a few immune-related genes such as interleukins, cathepsins, stats, and TLRs. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of chemokines in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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2
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Jiang B, Wen C, Sun Y, Li W, Liu C, Feng J, Su Y. A novel chemerin receptor 1 (Chemerin1) takes part in the immune response of cobia (Rachycentron canadum). FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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3
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Fu Q, Li Y, Zhang H, Cao M, Zhang L, Gao C, Cai X, Chen D, Yang Z, Li J, Yang N, Li C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Spleen Reveals Potential Regulation of Genes and Immune Pathways Following Administration of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida Vaccine in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:97-115. [PMID: 35084599 PMCID: PMC8792528 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is a global fish pathogen. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida (ASM) is classified as atypical A. salmonicida and caused huge losses to salmonid industry in China. Hence, it is of great significance to develop ASM vaccine and explore its protection mechanism in salmonids. In this regard, we conducted RNA-seq analysis with spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon after ASM vaccination to reveal genes, their expression patterns, and pathways involved in immune protections. In our results, a total of 441.63 million clean reads were obtained, and 389.37 million reads were mapped onto the Atlantic salmon reference genome. In addition, 1125, 2126, 1098, 820, and 1351 genes were significantly up-regulated, and 747, 2626, 818, 254, and 908 genes were significantly down-regulated post-ASM vaccination at 12 h, 24 h, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months, respectively. Subsequent pathway analysis revealed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following ASM vaccination were involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (TNFRSF11b, IL-17RA, CCR9, and CXCL11), HTLV-I infection (MR1 and HTLV-1), MAPK signaling pathway (MAPK, IL8, and TNF-α-1), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (PIK3R3, THBS4, and COL2A1), and TNF signaling pathway (PTGS2, TNFRSF21-l, and CXCL10). Finally, the results of qRT-PCR showed a significant correlation with RNA-seq results, suggesting the reliability of RNA-seq for gene expression analysis. This study provided insights into regulation of gene expression and their involved pathways in Atlantic salmon spleen in responses to vaccine, and set the foundation for further study on the vaccine protective mechanism in Atlantic salmon as well as other teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shandong Sinder Technology Co., Ltd, Zhucheng, 262200, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Defeng Chen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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4
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Zhao S, Li Y, Cao M, Yang N, Hu J, Xue T, Li C, Fu Q. The CC and CXC chemokine receptors in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) and their response to Aeromonas salmonicida infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104155. [PMID: 34081943 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are crucial regulators of cell mobilization for development, homeostasis, and immunity. Chemokines signal through binding to chemokine receptors, a superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors. In the present study, eleven CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) and seven CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) were identified from turbot genome. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were performed to annotate these genes, indicating the closest relationship between the turbot chemokine receptors and their counterparts of Japanese flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus). Evolutionary analyses revealed that the tandem duplications of CCR8 and CXCR3, the whole genome duplications of CCR6, CCR9, CCR12, and CXCR4, and the teleost-specific CCR12 led to the expansion of turbot chemokine receptors. In addition, turbot chemokine receptors were ubiquitously expressed in nine examined healthy tissues, with high expression levels observed in spleen, gill, and head kidney. Moreover, most turbot chemokine receptors were significantly differentially expressed in spleen and gill after Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and exhibited general down-regulations at early time points and then gradually up-regulated. Finally, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analyses indicated that chemokine receptors interacted with a few immune-related genes such as interleukins, Grk genes, CD genes, etc. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of chemokine receptors in turbots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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5
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Li Y, Zhang P, Gao C, Cao M, Yang N, Li X, Li C, Fu Q. CXC chemokines and their receptors in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii): Characterization, evolution analyses, and expression pattern after Aeromonas salmonicida infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:109-124. [PMID: 34242645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are crucial regulators of cell mobilization for development, homeostasis, and immunity. Chemokines signal through binding to chemokine receptors, a superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors. In the present study, seventeen CXC chemokine ligands (SsCXCLs) and nine CXC chemokine receptors (SsCXCRs) were systematically identified from Sebastes schlegelii genome. Phylogeny, synteny, and evolutionary analyses were performed to annotate these genes, indicating that the tandem duplications (CXCL8, CXCL11, CXCL32, CXCR2, and CXCR3), the whole genome duplications (CXCL8, CXCL12, CXCL18, and CXCR4), and the teleost-specific members (CXCL18, CXCL19, and CXCL32) led to the expansion of SsCXCLs and SsCXCRs. In addition, SsCXCLs and SsCXCRs were ubiquitously expressed in nine examined healthy tissues, with high expression levels observed in head kidney, liver, gill and spleen. Moreover, most SsCXCLs and SsCXCRs were significantly differentially expressed in head kidney, liver, and gill after Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and exhibited tissue-specific and time-dependent manner. Finally, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis indicated that SsCXCLs and SsCXCRs interacted with a few immune-related genes such as interleukins, cathepsins, CD genes, and TLRs, etc. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of chemokines and receptors in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xingchun Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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6
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Lin F, Wang L, Duan Y, Li K, Zhou J, Guang Z, Wang Y, Yang M, Qin Q, Wang Q. Expression and subcellular analyses of CCR8a/b genes with the identification of response to SGIV viral infect in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:628-639. [PMID: 32853761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are a superfamily of seven transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors, and they play important roles in immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. Recently, nine CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) were identified and cloned from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and annotated by phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. We detected mRNA transcripts for CCRs in healthy tissues of E. coioides, and CCR genes were highly expressed in the immune-relevant tissues. Analysis of gene expression after Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection indicated that CCR genes are regulated in a gene-specific manner. CCR8a and CCR8b were significantly upregulated in the spleen and liver of resistant fish, indicating potential roles in immunity against the pathogen. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that CCR8a and CCR8b were expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of CCR8a and CCR8b in grouper cells significantly inhibited the replication of SGIV, demonstrating that they delayed the occurrence of cytopathic effects induced by SGIV infection and inhibited viral gene transcription. CCR8a and CCR8b overexpression also significantly increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-related cytokines and activated IFN response element and IFN promoter activities. These results demonstrated that CCR8a and CCR8b might have an antiviral function against SGIV infect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchuang Duan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqi Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Guang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Lu WJ, Zhou L, Gao FX, Zhou YL, Li Z, Zhang XJ, Wang Y, Gui JF. Dynamic and Differential Expression of Duplicated Cxcr4/Cxcl12 Genes Facilitates Antiviral Response in Hexaploid Gibel Carp. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2176. [PMID: 33013914 PMCID: PMC7516010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor cxcr4 and its ligand cxcl12 have evolved two paralogs in the teleost lineage. In this study, we have identified four duplicated cxcr4 and cxcl12 genes from hexaploid gibel carp, Carassius gibelio, respectively. Cgcxcr4bs and Cgcxcl12as were dynamically and differentially expressed in immune-related tissues, and significantly up-regulated in head kidney and spleen after crucian carp herpesvirus (CaHV) infection. Blocking Cxcr4/Cxcl12 axis by injecting AMD3100 brought more severe bleeding symptom and lower survival rate in CaHV-infected fish. AMD3100 treatment also suppressed the up-regulation of key antiviral genes in head kidney and spleen, and resulted in more acute replication of CaHV in vivo. Consistently, the similar suppression of up-regulated expression of key antiviral genes were also observed in CAB cells treated by AMD3100 after poly(I:C) stimulation. Finally, MAPK3 and JAK/STAT were identified as the possible pathways that CgCxcr4s and CgCxcl12s participate in to promote the antiviral response in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan-Xiang Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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8
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Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B as a mechanism of Danshensu during Toll-like receptor 2-triggered inflammation in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106419. [PMID: 32200153 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Danshensu (DSS) is a water-soluble phenolic compound in Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma). Although various pharmacological activities have been recognized, little is known regarding its anti-inflammatory effect and related molecular mode of action. In the current study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were activated by a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist Pam3CSK4 with or without DSS intervention. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) was detected by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Activation of signaling pathways involving nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was assessed by Western blot. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) combined with bioinformatics analyses was applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms of DSS. Emphasis was placed on the construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis of data including co-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Pam3CSK4 vs. control and DSS vs. Pam3CSK4 groups. The RT-qPCR and ELISA results showed that DSS effectively inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and IL-12, indicating a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Western blot verified that DSS suppressed the phosphorylation of p65, which was in accordance with the results of the TF enrichment analysis. Additionally, the PPI network analysis showed several key molecules, including lactoferrin (Ltf), CC-chemokine receptor 7 (Ccr7), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (Cxcl9), to be regulatory genes that responded to DSS treatment. Overall, our study revealed that DSS has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect involving TLR2 and macrophages through the NF-κB signaling pathway, which supports the novel application of DSS in the treatment of relevant diseases including atherosclerosis and ischemic or ischemic/perfusion injury of the heart and brain.
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Liu F, Wang T, Hu Y, Tian G, Secombes CJ, Wang T. Expansion of fish CCL20_like chemokines by genome and local gene duplication: Characterisation and expression analysis of 10 CCL20_like chemokines in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103502. [PMID: 31568810 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian CCL20, or macrophage inflammatory protein-3α, can function as a homeostatic and inflammatory chemokine. In relation to the latter, it is responsible for the chemoattraction of lymphocytes and dendritic cells to mucosal immune sites under inflammatory and pathological conditions. CK1, CK8A and CK8B are rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) CC chemokines that were reported previously to be phylogenetically related to mammalian CCL20. In the current study, an additional seven CCL20_L paralogues in rainbow trout are reported, that are divided into three subgroups and have been designated here as: CCL20_L1a (also referred to as CK1), CCL20_L1b1-2, CCL20_L2a (CK8A), CCL20_L2b (CK8B), CCL20_L3a, and CCL20_L3b1-4. Multiple CCL20_L genes were also identified in other salmonids that arose from both whole genome duplication and local gene duplication. Phylogenetic tree, homology and synteny analysis support that CCL20_L1-3 found in salmonids are also present in most teleosts arose from the 3 R whole genome duplication and in some species, local gene duplication. Like mammalian CCL20, rainbow trout CCL20_L molecules possess a high positive net charge with a pI of 9.34-10.16, that is reported to be important for antimicrobial activity. Rainbow trout CCL20_L paralogues are differentially expressed and in general highly expressed in mucosal tissues, such as gills, thymus and intestine. The expression levels of rainbow trout CCL20_L paralogues are increased during development and following PAMP/cytokine stimulation. For example, in RTS-11 cells CCL20_L3b1 and CCL20_L3b2 are highly up-regulated by LPS, Poly I:C, recombinant(r) IFNa and rIL-1β. Trout CCL20_L paralogues are also increased after Yersinia ruckeri infection or Poly I:C stimulation in vivo, with CCL20_L3b1 and CCL20_L3b2 again highly up-regulated. Overall, this is the first report of the complete CCL20 chemokine subfamily in rainbow trout, and the analysis of their expression and modulation in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that teleosts possess divergent CCL20_L molecules that may have important roles in anti-viral/anti-bacterial defence and in mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yehfang Hu
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Guangming Tian
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom; School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, PR China
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
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10
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Su Y, Deng Y, Cheng C, Ma H, Guo Z, Feng J. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the CCR9 gene from cobia (Rachycentron canadum) following bacterial and poly I:C challenge. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1662424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youlu Su
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Wang Q, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhao H, Yang H, Zheng L, Yang M, Qin Q. The CXC chemokines and CXC chemokine receptors in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and their expression after Singapore grouper iridovirus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:10-20. [PMID: 30165083 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines comprise a group of small molecular weight (6-14 kDa) cytokines; chemokine receptors are a superfamily of seven transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors. Both chemokines and their receptors have important roles in immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. Recently, 9 CXC chemokine ligands (CXCLs) and 8 CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) were identified and cloned from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and annotated by phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. We detected mRNA transcripts for CXCLs and CXCRs in healthy tissues of E. coioides. Our data show that CXCL genes are highly expressed in the spleen, kidney and liver and that CXCR genes are ubiquitously expressed, rather than being expressed only in immune organs. Analysis of gene expression after Singapore grouper iridovirus infection indicated that CXCL and CXCR genes are regulated in a gene-specific manner. CXCL8 and CXCL12a were significantly upregulated in the spleen, kidney and liver of resistant fish, indicating potential roles in immunity against the pathogen. Additionally, CXCR4a was upregulated in all three organs in resistant fish, suggesting that CXCL8 or CXCL12a may participate in the immune response via interaction with CXCR4a. In addition, the new orange-spotted grouper receptor CXCR1b was found to be upregulated in the spleen and kidney of resistant fish, indicating that this receptor plays an important role in immune responses to viral infection. These results are valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insight into the roles of these genes in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yepin Yu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihong Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyun Zheng
- Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Kim KH, Kim WJ, Park CJ, Park JW, Noh GE, Lee S, Lee YM, Kim HC. Analysis of Manifestation of CC and CXC Chemokine Genes in Olive Flounders ( Paralichthys olivaceus) Artificially Infected with VHSV during the Early Developmental Stage. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:341-350. [PMID: 30680333 PMCID: PMC6344357 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines is a small protein that plays a major role in inflammatory reactions
and viral infections as a chemotactic factor of cytokines involved in innate
immunity. Most of the chemokines belong to the chemokine groups CC and CXC. To
investigate the immune system of the olive flounder (Paralichthys
olivaceus), an expression pattern specifically induced in the early
developmental stages of analysis is examined using qRT-PCR. We also examined
tissue-specific expression of both CC and CXC chemokine in healthy olive
flounder samples. CC and CXC chemokine shows increased expression after
immune-related organs are formed compared to expression during early
development. CC chemokine was more highly expressed in the fin, but CXC
chemokine showed higher expression in the gills, spleen, intestines, and
stomach. Spatial and temporal expression analysis of CC and CXC chemokine were
performed following viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. CC
chemokine showed high expression in the gills, which are respiratory organs,
whereas CXC chemokine was more highly expressed in the kidneys, an
immune-related organ. These results suggest that CC and CXC chemokine play an
important role in the immune response of the olive flounder, and may be used as
basic data for the immunological activity and gene analysis of it as well as
other fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Gyeong Eon Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geojesi 53334, Korea
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13
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Rebl A, Goldammer T. Under control: The innate immunity of fish from the inhibitors' perspective. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:328-349. [PMID: 29631025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response involves a concerted network of induced gene products, preformed immune effectors, biochemical signalling cascades and specialised cells. However, the multifaceted activation of these defensive measures can derail or overshoot and, if left unchecked, overwhelm the host. A plenty of regulatory devices therefore mediate the fragile equilibrium between pathogen defence and pathophysiological manifestations. Over the past decade in particular, an almost complete set of teleostean sequences orthologous to mammalian immunoregulatory factors has been identified in various fish species, which prove the remarkable conservation of innate immune-control concepts among vertebrates. This review will present the current knowledge on more than 50 teleostean regulatory factors (plus additional fish-specific paralogs) that are of paramount importance for controlling the clotting cascade, the complement system, pattern-recognition pathways and cytokine-signalling networks. A special focus lies on those immunoregulatory features that have emerged as potential biomarker genes in transcriptome-wide research studies. Moreover, we report on the latest progress in elucidating control elements that act directly with immune-gene-encoding nucleic acids, such as transcription factors, hormone receptors and micro- and long noncoding RNAs. Investigations into the function of teleostean inhibitory factors are still mainly based on gene-expression profiling or overexpression studies. However, in support of structural and in-vitro analyses, evidence from in-vivo trials is also available and revealed many biochemical details on piscine immune regulation. The presence of multiple gene copies in fish adds a degree of complexity, as it is so far hardly understood if they might play distinct roles during inflammation. The present review addresses this and other open questions that should be tackled by fish immunologists in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
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14
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Fu Q, Yang Y, Li C, Zeng Q, Zhou T, Li N, Liu Y, Liu S, Liu Z. The CC and CXC chemokine receptors in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and their involvement in disease and hypoxia responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:241-251. [PMID: 28842182 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are vital regulators of cell mobilization for immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. Chemokines signal through binding to their receptors that are a superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors. Recently, a complete repertoire of both CC and CXC chemokines have been identified in channel catfish, but nothing is known about their receptors. In this study, a set of 29 CC chemokine receptor (CCR) genes and 8 CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) genes were identified and annotated from the channel catfish genome. Extensive phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses were conducted to annotate these genes, revealing fish-specific CC chemokine receptors, and lineage-specific tandem duplications of chemokine receptors in the teleost genomes. With 29 genes, the channel catfish genome harbors the largest numbers of CC chemokine receptors among all the genomes characterized. Analysis of gene expression after bacterial infections indicated that the chemokine receptors were regulated in a gene-specific manner. Most differentially expressed chemokine receptors were up-regulated after Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare infection. Among which, CXCR3 and CXCR4 were observed to participate in immune responses to both bacterial infections, indicating their potential roles in catfish immune activities. In addition, CXCR3.2 was significantly up-regulated in ESC-susceptible fish, and CXCR4b was mildly induced in ESC-resistant fish, further supporting the significant roles of CXCR3 and CXCR4 in catfish immune responses. CXCR4b and CCR9a were both up-regulated not only after bacterial infection, but also after hypoxia stress, providing the linkage between bacterial infection and low oxygen stresses. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights into their roles in disease and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ning Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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15
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Sobhkhez M, Krasnov A, Chang CJ, Robertsen B. Transcriptome analysis of plasmid-induced genes sheds light on the role of type I IFN as adjuvant in DNA vaccine against infectious salmon anemia virus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188456. [PMID: 29161315 PMCID: PMC5697855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study showed that a plasmid expressing IFNa (pIFNa) strongly enhanced protection and antibody production of a DNA vaccine against infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) in Atlantic salmon. The vaccine consisted of a plasmid (pHE) expressing the virus hemagglutinin-esterase as an antigen. To increase the understanding of the adjuvant effect of pIFNa, we here compared transcriptome responses in salmon muscle at the injection site at week 1 and 2 after injection of pIFNa, pHE, plasmid control (pcDNA3.3) and PBS, respectively. The results showed that the IFNa plasmid mediates an increase in gene transcripts of at least three major types in the muscle; typical IFN-I induced genes (ISGs), certain chemokines and markers of B- cells, T-cells and antigen-presenting cells. The latter suggests recruitment of cells to the plasmid injection site. Attraction of lymphocytes was likely caused by the induction of chemokines homologous to mammalian CCL5, CCL8, CCL19 and CXCL10. IFN may possibly also co-stimulate activation of lymphocytes as suggested by studies in mammals. A major finding was that both pcDNA3.3 and pHE caused responses similar to pIFNa, but at lower magnitude. Plasmid DNA may thus by itself have adjuvant activity as observed in mammalian models. Notably, pHE had a lower effect on many immune genes including ISGs and chemokines than pcDNA3.3, which suggests an inhibitory effect of HE expression on the immune genes. This hypothesis was supported by an Mx-reporter assay. The present study thus suggests that a main role for pIFNa as adjuvant in the DNA vaccine against ISAV may be to overcome the inhibitory effect of HE- expression on plasmid-induced ISGs and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Sobhkhez
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aleksej Krasnov
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries & Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Chia Jung Chang
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Børre Robertsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
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16
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Sundaram A, Tengs T, Grimholt U. Issues with RNA-seq analysis in non-model organisms: A salmonid example. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:38-47. [PMID: 28223254 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High throughput sequencing (HTS) is useful for many purposes as exemplified by the other topics included in this special issue. The purpose of this paper is to look into the unique challenges of using this technology in non-model organisms where resources such as genomes, functional genome annotations or genome complexity provide obstacles not met in model organisms. To describe these challenges, we narrow our scope to RNA sequencing used to study differential gene expression in response to pathogen challenge. As a demonstration species we chose Atlantic salmon, which has a sequenced genome with poor annotation and an added complexity due to many duplicated genes. We find that our RNA-seq analysis pipeline deciphers between duplicates despite high sequence identity. However, annotation issues provide problems in linking differentially expressed genes to pathways. Also, comparing results between approaches and species are complicated due to lack of standardized annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein Tengs
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni Grimholt
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Qi Z, Holland JW, Jiang Y, Secombes CJ, Nie P, Wang T. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of four fish-specific CC chemokine receptors CCR4La, CCR4Lc1, CCR4Lc2 and CCR11 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:411-427. [PMID: 28732768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine and chemokine receptor networks regulate leukocyte trafficking, inflammation, immune cell differentiation, cancer and other biological processes. Comparative immunological studies have revealed that both chemokines and their receptors have expanded greatly in a species/lineage specific way. Of the 10 human CC chemokine receptors (CCR1-10) that bind CC chemokines, orthologues only to CCR6, 7, 9 and 10 are present in teleost fish. In this study, four fish-specific CCRs, termed as CCR4La, CCR4Lc1, CCR4Lc2 and CCR11, with a close link to human CCR1-5 and 8, in terms of amino acid homology and syntenic conservation, have been identified and characterized in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These CCRs were found to possess the conserved features of the G protein-linked receptor family, including an extracellular N-terminal, seven TM domains, three extracellular loops and three intracellular loops, and a cytoplasmic carboxyl tail with multiple potential serine/threonine phosphorylation sites. Four cysteine residues known to be involved in forming two disulfide bonds are present in the extracellular domains and a DRY motif is present in the second intracellular loop. Signaling mediated by these receptors might be regulated by N-glycosylation, tyrosine sulfation, S-palmitoylation, a PDZ ligand motif and di-leucine motifs. Studies of intron/exon structure revealed distinct fish-specific CCR gene organization in different fish species/lineages that might contribute to the diversification of the chemokine ligand-receptor networks in different fish lineages. Fish-specific trout CCRs are highly expressed in immune tissues/organs, such as thymus, spleen, head kidney and gills. Their expression can be induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFNγ, by the pathogen associated molecular patterns, PolyIC and peptidoglycan, and by bacterial infection. These data suggest that fish-specific CCRs are likely to have an important role in immune regulation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Jason W Holland
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; College of Fishery and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei province 430072, China
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
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18
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Matrine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress via CCR7 signal. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11621-11628. [PMID: 28086227 PMCID: PMC5355291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of matrine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that matrine improved intestinal inflammatory status and oxidative balance and enhanced chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression. In LPS-challenged mice and Caco-2 cells, matrine alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. CCR7-siRNA transfection blocked the protective effects of matrine on LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and exacerbated LPS caused injury. In conclusion, matrine alleviates LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and Caco-2 cells, which may be associated with CCR7 signal.
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19
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Ni LY, Zhou L, Wang HQ, Luo XC, Dan XM, Li YW. Identification and expression analysis of three XCR1-like receptors from Epinephelus coioides after Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:95-102. [PMID: 28587832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique receptor XCR1 of the XC subfamily of chemokines is specially expressed in CD8α-like dendritic cells. This receptor has one ligand in mice (XCL1) and two ligands in humans (XCL1 and XCL2). In mammals, the XCR1-XCL1 complex performs a vital role in regulating the localization and function of T cells, dendritic cells, and other cell types. In this study, three XCR1-like receptors (EcXCR1, EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12) were identified from a transcriptome database of orange-spotted grouper. The open reading frames (ORFs) of EcXCR1, EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12 predictably encode 337, 348, and 358 amino acids, respectively. All receptors are seven trans-membrane proteins, and contain conserved functional regions, and conserved sites, that are crucial for the role of chemokine receptors in mammals. Conserved features include four cysteine residues in the extracellular regions, a "DRY" motif in the second intracellular loop, and common characteristics at the N-terminus that are important for ligand interaction. In healthy grouper, EcXCR1, EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12 were broadly expressed in all the tissues tested. EcXCR1 was expressed at high levels in the liver, and EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12 in the thymus. After grouper infection with Cryptocaryon irritans, EcXCR1 and EcCCR12 were up-regulated in the skin and the spleen, and EcCCR12 in the skin, gill, and spleen. EcXCR1L expression changed only slightly. These results imply that EcXCR1 and EcCCR12 may be involved in host defense against parasite infection. A polyclonal antibody was produced against EcCCR12, and used to detect EcCCR12-positive cells in peripheral blood. These results will contribute considerably to elucidate the biological role of piscine XCR1-like receptors and their ligands system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yun Ni
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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20
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Macqueen DJ, Primmer CR, Houston RD, Nowak BF, Bernatchez L, Bergseth S, Davidson WS, Gallardo-Escárate C, Goldammer T, Guiguen Y, Iturra P, Kijas JW, Koop BF, Lien S, Maass A, Martin SAM, McGinnity P, Montecino M, Naish KA, Nichols KM, Ólafsson K, Omholt SW, Palti Y, Plastow GS, Rexroad CE, Rise ML, Ritchie RJ, Sandve SR, Schulte PM, Tello A, Vidal R, Vik JO, Wargelius A, Yáñez JM. Functional Annotation of All Salmonid Genomes (FAASG): an international initiative supporting future salmonid research, conservation and aquaculture. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:484. [PMID: 28655320 PMCID: PMC5488370 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an emerging initiative - the 'Functional Annotation of All Salmonid Genomes' (FAASG), which will leverage the extensive trait diversity that has evolved since a whole genome duplication event in the salmonid ancestor, to develop an integrative understanding of the functional genomic basis of phenotypic variation. The outcomes of FAASG will have diverse applications, ranging from improved understanding of genome evolution, to improving the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production, supporting the future of fundamental and applied research in an iconic fish lineage of major societal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Macqueen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Craig R. Primmer
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ross D. Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Barbara F. Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Département de biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Steinar Bergseth
- The Research Council of Norway, Drammensveien 288, P.O. Box 564, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway
| | - William S. Davidson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Department of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRA, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomics, Rennes, France
| | - Patricia Iturra
- Human Genetics Program ICBM Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ben F. Koop
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5 Canada
| | - Sigbjørn Lien
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Alejandro Maass
- Center for Mathematical Modelling, Department of Mathematical Engineering, University of Chile, 8370456 Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genome Regulation, University of Chile, 8370456 Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel A. M. Martin
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Philip McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin Montecino
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Kerry A. Naish
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Krista M. Nichols
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA
| | | | - Stig W. Omholt
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
- NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yniv Palti
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA ARS, 11861 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA
| | - Graham S. Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Caird E. Rexroad
- Office of National Programs, USDA ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-5148 USA
| | - Matthew L. Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7 Canada
| | - Rachael J. Ritchie
- Genome British Columbia, Suite 400 – 575, West 8th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 0C4 Canada
| | - Simen R. Sandve
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Patricia M. Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Alfredo Tello
- Instituto Tecnológico del Salmón S.A., INTESAL de SalmonChile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vidal
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics, and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, University of Santiago, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jon Olav Vik
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Anna Wargelius
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - José Manuel Yáñez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile & Aquainnovo, Cardonal s/n, Puerto Montt, Chile
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21
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Secombes CJ. What's new in fish cytokine research? FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 53:1-3. [PMID: 26994671 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK.
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22
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Gorgoglione B, Zahran E, Taylor NGH, Feist SW, Zou J, Secombes CJ. Comparative study of CXC chemokines modulation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) following infection with a bacterial or viral pathogen. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:64-77. [PMID: 26866873 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine modulation in response to pathogens still needs to be fully characterised in fish, in view of the recently described novel chemokines present. This paper reports the first comparative study of CXC chemokine genes transcription in salmonids (brown trout), with a particular focus on the fish specific CXC chemokines (CXCL_F). Adopting new primer sets, optimised to specifically target mRNA, a RT-qPCR gene screening was carried out. Constitutive gene expression was assessed first in six tissues from SPF brown trout. Transcription modulation was next investigated in kidney and spleen during septicaemic infection induced by a RNA virus (Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia virus, genotype Ia) or by a Gram negative bacterium (Yersinia ruckeri, ser. O1/biot. 2). From each target organ specific pathogen burden, measured detecting VHSV-glycoprotein or Y. ruckeri 16S rRNA, and IFN-γ gene expression were analysed for their correlation to chemokine transcription. Both pathogens modulated CXC chemokine gene transcript levels, with marked up-regulation seen in some cases, and with both temporal and tissue specific effects apparent. For example, Y. ruckeri strongly induced chemokine transcription in spleen within 24h, whilst VHS generally induced the largest increases at 3d.p.i. in both tissues. This study gives clues to the role of the novel CXC chemokines, in comparison to the other known CXC chemokines in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolomeo Gorgoglione
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, England, UK
| | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Nick G H Taylor
- CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, England, UK
| | - Stephen W Feist
- CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, England, UK
| | - Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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23
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Qi Z, Jiang Y, Holland JW, Nie P, Secombes CJ, Wang T. Identification and expression analysis of an atypical chemokine receptor-2 (ACKR2)/CC chemokine binding protein-2 (CCBP2) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:389-98. [PMID: 25747793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) have emerged as key components of the chemokine system, with an essential regulatory function in innate and adaptive immune responses and inflammation. In mammals ACKR2 is a 'scavenging' receptor for inflammatory CC chemokines and plays a central role in the resolution of in vivo inflammatory responses. An ACKR2 like gene has been identified and cloned in rainbow trout (Teleostei) in the present study, enabling the further identification of this molecule in another group of ray-finned teleost fish (Holostei), in a lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii-coelacanth), and in reptiles. The identity of these ACKR2 molecules is supported by their conserved structure, and by phylogenetic tree and synteny analysis. Trout ACKR2 is highly expressed in spleen and head kidney, suggesting a homeostatic role of this receptor in limiting the availability of its potential ligands. Trout ACKR2 expression can be modulated in vivo by bacterial and parasitic infections, and in vitro by PAMPs (poly I:C and peptidoglycan) and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-21) in a time dependent manner. These patterns of expression and modulation suggest that trout ACKR2 is regulated in a complex way and has an important role in control of the chemokine network in fish as in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pool in Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224051, China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; College of Fishery and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jason W Holland
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
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