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Liu Z, Wang W, Zong Y, Li M, Gao Y, Xin X, Zhu T, Wang L, Song L. Norepinephrine regulates TNF expression via the A1AR-p38 MAPK-Relish pathway in granulocytes of oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105217. [PMID: 38901503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is involved in regulating cytokine expression and phagocytosis of immune cells in the innate immunity of vertebrates. In the present study, the modulation mechanism of NE on the biosynthesis of TNFs in oyster granulocytes was explored. The transcripts of CgTNF-1, CgTNF-2 and CgTNF-3 were highly expressed in granulocytes, and they were significantly up-regulated after LPS stimulation, while down-regulated after NE treatment. The phagocytic rate and apoptosis index of oyster granulocytes were also triggered by LPS stimulation and suppressed by NE treatment. The mRNA expressions of CgMAPK14 and CgRelish were significantly induced after NE treatment, and the translocation of CgRelish from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+ in granulocytes was significantly up-regulated upon NE incubation, and this trend reverted after the treatment with DOX (specific antagonist for NE receptor, CgA1AR-1). No obvious significance was observed in intracellular cAMP concentrations in the PBS, NE and NE + DOX groups. Once CgA1AR-1 was blocked by DOX, the mRNA expressions of CgMAPK14 and CgRelish were significantly inhibited, and the translocation of CgRelish from cytoplasm to nucleus was also dramatically suppressed, while the mRNA expression of CgTNF-1 and the apoptosis index increased significantly to the same level with those in LPS group, respectively. These results collectively suggested that NE modulated TNF expression in oyster granulocyte through A1AR-p38 MAPK-Relish signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanan Zong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Lian X, Li Y, Wang W, Zuo J, Yu T, Wang L, Song L. The Modification of H3K4me3 Enhanced the Expression of CgTLR3 in Hemocytes to Increase CgIL17-1 Production in the Immune Priming of Crassostrea gigas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1036. [PMID: 38256110 PMCID: PMC10816183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence confirms that histone modification plays a critical role in preserving long-term immunological memory. Immune priming is a novel form of immunological memory recently verified in invertebrates. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and cytokines have been reported to be involved in the immune priming of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In the present study, the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (CgTLR3), myeloid differentiation factor 88-2 (CgMyd88-2) and interleukin 17-1 (CgIL17-1) was found to be elevated in the hemocytes of C. gigas at 6 h after the secondary stimulation with Vibrio splendidus, which was significantly higher than that at 6 h after the primary stimulation (p < 0.05). A significant increase in histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) enrichment was detected in the promoter region of the CgTLR3 gene at 7 d after the primary stimulation with inactivated V. splendidus (p < 0.05). After the treatment with a histone methyltransferase inhibitor (5'-methylthioadenosine, MTA), the level of H3K4me3 at the promoter of the CgTLR3 gene decreased significantly at 7 d after the primary stimulation with inactivated V. splendidus (p < 0.05), and the expression of CgTLR3, CgMyD88-2 and CgIL17-1 was significantly repressed at 6 h after the secondary stimulation with V. splendidus (p < 0.05). Conversely, the treatment with monomethyl fumarate (MEF, an inhibitor of histone demethylases) resulted in a significant increase in H3K4me3 enrichment levels at the CgTLR3 promoter at 7 d after the primary stimulation (p < 0.05), and the expression of CgTLR3, CgMyD88-2 and CgIL17-1 was observed to increase significantly at 6 h after the secondary stimulation (p < 0.05). These results suggested that H3K4me3 regulated MyD88-dependent TLR signaling in the hemocytes of C. gigas, which defined the role of histone modifications in invertebrate immune priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Lian
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yinan Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiajun Zuo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tianqi Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (T.Y.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Liu J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Lü Z, Zhou X, Liu H, Chi C. Molecular cloning, expression analysis and immune-related functional identification of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in Sepiella japonica under bacteria stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108509. [PMID: 36581254 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a cytokine mainly secreted by active macrophages and monocytes, causes hemorrhagic necrosis of tumor tissues, kills tumor cells, regulates inflammatory responses, and plays a crucial role in innate immunity. In this study, TNFα of Sepiella japonica (named as SjTNFα) was acquired, whose full-length cDNA was 1206 bp (GenBank accession no. ON357428), containing a 5' UTR of 185 bp, a 3' UTR of 137 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1002bp to encode a putative peptide of 333 amino acids for constructing the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic TNF domain. Its predicted pI was 8.69 and the theoretical molecular weight was 44.72 KDa. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that SjTNFα had the highest homology to Octopus sinensis, they fell into a unified branch and further clustered with other animals. Real-time PCR indicated that SjTNFα was widely expressed in all subject tissues, including spleen, pancreas, gill, heart, brain, optic lobe, liver and intestine, and exhibited the highest in the liver and the lowest in the brain. The relative expression of SjTNFα varied at the developmental period of juvenile stage, pre-spawning and oviposition in the squid, with the highest in the liver at the juvenile stage and oviposition, and in the optic lobe of pre-spawning. After being infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila, the expression of SjTNFα in liver and gill were both upregulated with time, and the highest expression appeared at 24 h and 8 h in liver for different infection, and at 4 h in gill consistently. Cell localization showed that SjTNFα distributed on membrane of HEK293 cells because it was a type II soluble transmembrane protein. When HEK293 cells were stimulated with LPS of different concentrations, the NF-κB pathway was activated in the nucleus and the corresponding mRNA was transferred through the intracellular signal transduction pathway, resulting in the synthesis and release of TNFα, which made the expression of SjTNFα was up-regulated obviously. These findings showed that SjTNFα might play an essential role in the defense of S. japonica against bacteria challenge, which contributed to the understanding of the intrinsic immune signaling pathway of Cephalopoda and the further study of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian Guo
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenming Lü
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Xu Zhou
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
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Witkop EM, Proestou DA, Gomez-Chiarri M. The expanded inhibitor of apoptosis gene family in oysters possesses novel domain architectures and may play diverse roles in apoptosis following immune challenge. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:201. [PMID: 35279090 PMCID: PMC8917759 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis plays important roles in a variety of functions, including immunity and response to environmental stress. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) gene family of apoptosis regulators is expanded in molluscs, including eastern, Crassostrea virginica, and Pacific, Crassostrea gigas, oysters. The functional importance of IAP expansion in apoptosis and immunity in oysters remains unknown. Results Phylogenetic analysis of IAP genes in 10 molluscs identified lineage specific gene expansion in bivalve species. Greater IAP gene family expansion was observed in C. virginica than C. gigas (69 vs. 40), resulting mainly from tandem duplications. Functional domain analysis of oyster IAP proteins revealed 3 novel Baculoviral IAP Repeat (BIR) domain types and 14 domain architecture types across gene clusters, 4 of which are not present in model organisms. Phylogenetic analysis of bivalve IAPs suggests a complex history of domain loss and gain. Most IAP genes in oysters (76% of C. virginica and 82% of C. gigas), representing all domain architecture types, were expressed in response to immune challenge (Ostreid Herpesvirus OsHV-1, bacterial probionts Phaeobacter inhibens and Bacillus pumilus, several Vibrio spp., pathogenic Aliiroseovarius crassostreae, and protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus). Patterns of IAP and apoptosis-related differential gene expression differed between the two oyster species, where C. virginica, in general, differentially expressed a unique set of IAP genes in each challenge, while C. gigas differentially expressed an overlapping set of IAP genes across challenges. Apoptosis gene expression patterns clustered mainly by resistance/susceptibility of the oyster host to immune challenge. Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed unique combinations of transcripts for 1 to 12 IAP domain architecture types, including novel types, were significantly co-expressed in response to immune challenge with transcripts in apoptosis-related pathways. Conclusions Unprecedented diversity characterized by novel BIR domains and protein domain architectures was observed in oyster IAPs. Complex patterns of gene expression of novel and conserved IAPs in response to a variety of ecologically-relevant immune challenges, combined with evidence of direct co-expression of IAP genes with apoptosis-related transcripts, suggests IAP expansion facilitates complex and nuanced regulation of apoptosis and other immune responses in oysters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08233-6.
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Farhat S, Bonnivard E, Pales Espinosa E, Tanguy A, Boutet I, Guiglielmoni N, Flot JF, Allam B. Comparative analysis of the Mercenaria mercenaria genome provides insights into the diversity of transposable elements and immune molecules in bivalve mollusks. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:192. [PMID: 35260071 PMCID: PMC8905726 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria is a major marine resource along the Atlantic coasts of North America and has been introduced to other continents for resource restoration or aquaculture activities. Significant mortality events have been reported in the species throughout its native range as a result of diseases (microbial infections, leukemia) and acute environmental stress. In this context, the characterization of the hard clam genome can provide highly needed resources to enable basic (e.g., oncogenesis and cancer transmission, adaptation biology) and applied (clam stock enhancement, genomic selection) sciences. RESULTS Using a combination of long and short-read sequencing technologies, a 1.86 Gb chromosome-level assembly of the clam genome was generated. The assembly was scaffolded into 19 chromosomes, with an N50 of 83 Mb. Genome annotation yielded 34,728 predicted protein-coding genes, markedly more than the few other members of the Venerida sequenced so far, with coding regions representing only 2% of the assembly. Indeed, more than half of the genome is composed of repeated elements, including transposable elements. Major chromosome rearrangements were detected between this assembly and another recent assembly derived from a genetically segregated clam stock. Comparative analysis of the clam genome allowed the identification of a marked diversification in immune-related proteins, particularly extensive tandem duplications and expansions in tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) and C1q domain-containing proteins, some of which were previously shown to play a role in clam interactions with infectious microbes. The study also generated a comparative repertoire highlighting the diversity and, in some instances, the specificity of LTR-retrotransposons elements, particularly Steamer elements in bivalves. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of immune molecules in M. mercenaria may allow this species to cope with varying and complex microbial and environmental landscapes. The repertoire of transposable elements identified in this study, particularly Steamer elements, should be a prime target for the investigation of cancer cell development and transmission among bivalve mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farhat
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Eric Bonnivard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688, Roscoff, France
| | - Nadège Guiglielmoni
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Flot
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels - (IB)2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bassem Allam
- Marine Animal Disease Laboratory, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA.
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Saco A, Rey-Campos M, Rosani U, Novoa B, Figueras A. The Evolution and Diversity of Interleukin-17 Highlight an Expansion in Marine Invertebrates and Its Conserved Role in Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692997. [PMID: 34386003 PMCID: PMC8353272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family consists of proinflammatory cytokines conserved during evolution. A comparative genomics approach was applied to examine IL-17 throughout evolution from poriferans to higher vertebrates. Cnidaria was highlighted as the most ancient diverged phylum, and several evolutionary patterns were revealed. Large expansions of the IL-17 repertoire were observed in marine molluscs and echinoderm species. We further studied this expansion in filter-fed Mytilus galloprovincialis, which is a bivalve with a highly effective innate immune system supported by a variable pangenome. We recovered 379 unique IL-17 sequences and 96 receptors from individual genomes that were classified into 23 and 6 isoforms after phylogenetic analyses. Mussel IL-17 isoforms were conserved among individuals and shared between closely related Mytilidae species. Certain isoforms were specifically implicated in the response to a waterborne infection with Vibrio splendidus in mussel gills. The involvement of IL-17 in mucosal immune responses could be conserved in higher vertebrates from these ancestral lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaro Saco
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Magalí Rey-Campos
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Umberto Rosani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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Marín I. Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily: Ancestral Functions and Remodeling in Early Vertebrate Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:2074-2092. [PMID: 33210144 PMCID: PMC7674686 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) in early vertebrates is inferred by comparing the TNFSF genes found in humans and nine fishes: three agnathans, two chondrichthyans, three actinopterygians, and the sarcopterygian Latimeria chalumnae. By combining phylogenetic and synteny analyses, the TNFSF sequences detected are classified into five clusters of genes and 24 orthology groups. A model for their evolution since the origin of vertebrates is proposed. Fifteen TNFSF genes emerged from just three progenitors due to the whole-genome duplications (WGDs) that occurred before the agnathan/gnathostome split. Later, gnathostomes not only kept most of the genes emerged in the WGDs but soon added several tandem duplicates. More recently, complex, lineage-specific patterns of duplications and losses occurred in different gnathostome lineages. In agnathan species only seven to eight TNFSF genes are detected, because this lineage soon lost six of the genes emerged in the ancestral WGDs and additional losses in both hagfishes and lampreys later occurred. The orthologs of many of these lost genes are, in mammals, ligands of death-domain-containing TNFSF receptors, indicating that the extrinsic apoptotic pathway became simplified in the agnathan lineage. From the patterns of emergence of these genes, it is deduced that both the regulation of apoptosis and the control of the NF-κB pathway that depends in modern mammals on TNFSF members emerged before the ancestral vertebrate WGDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Marín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Lv Z, Qiu L, Wang W, Liu Z, Liu Q, Wang L, Song L. The Members of the Highly Diverse Crassostrea gigas Integrin Family Cooperate for the Generation of Various Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1420. [PMID: 32793197 PMCID: PMC7390872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on invertebrate immune receptors can provide insights into characteristics specific to innate immune system. Here, eight α and three β integrins are identified from an invertebrate, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and their possible immune functions are studied. Oyster α/β integrins exhibit a higher degree of sequence and structural variability than the members from Homo sapiens and Drosophila melanogaster. The analysis reveals that oyster RGD- and laminin-binding receptor homologs are present in the phylogenetic tree of α integrins, but the other six oyster α integrins mainly form a species-specific branch; meanwhile, oyster β integrins are clustered with insect β integrins but distinct from a member from the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. Although phylogenetically lacking the important α integrin branches of LDV-binding, PS3-type, and αI-containing integrins, oyster integrins can bind to most ECM ligands, including RGDCP, LDVCP, GFOGERCP, and laminin protein in a distinct binding pattern. Besides, oyster integrins are distributed in different hemocyte subpopulations, while only specific integrins are selectively involved in hemocyte phagocytosis, migration, and encapsulation, and some of them participate in more than one immune response in a sophisticated pattern. Especially, oyster β integrins are arranged in the core to mediate complex immune responses, unlike the counterparts in humans that mainly depend on αI-containing integrins to incite immune reactions. This study represents the first comprehensive attempt to reveal the structural and evolutionary features of the integrin family and their involvement in cellular immune responses in the non-model invertebrate C. gigas and sheds light on the characteristics specific to the innate immune system in the integrin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
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9
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Zheng Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Li M, Zhang Y, Zong Y, Li Y, Song L. A novel tumor necrosis factor in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates the antibacterial response by triggering the synthesis of lysozyme and nitric oxide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:334-341. [PMID: 31881330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) are a group of multifunctional inflammatory cytokines involved in various pathological and immune processes. Recently, a few primitive TNFs have been characterized from molluscs, which play important roles in modulating cell apoptosis, phagocytosis and production of immune-related enzymes. In the present study, a novel TNF (named as CgTNF-2) with the activity to mediate antibacterial response was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The open reading frame of CgTNF-2 was of 783 bp encoding a putative polypeptide of 261 amino acids with a typical TNF domain. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgTNF-2 shared high identity with that of TNFs previously identified from other molluscs, such as 96.1% identity with that in oyster C. hongkongensis, 33.7% identity with that in scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis and 33.0% identity with CgTNF-1 in oyster C. gigas. There were two distinct TNF branches of vertebrate and invertebrate in the phylogenetic tree, and CgTNF-2 was firstly clustered with TNF-14 from C. hongkongensis, and then clustered with other molluscan TNFs. The mRNA transcripts of CgTNF-2 were widely expressed in various oyster tissues, with the highest expression level in hemocytes. The expression level of CgTNF-2 increased significantly at 6 h (2.45-fold and 6.20-fold, respectively, p < 0.05) after peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides treatments, and peaked at 12 h (31.86-fold and 7.90-fold, respectively, p < 0.05). The recombinant protein of CgTNF-2 (rCgTNF-2) inhibited the growth of human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells at a concentration of 800 ng/mL. After the oysters received an injection of rCgTNF-2, the serum from those oysters exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to that from control group, evidenced by inhibiting the growth of Vibrio splendidus. Moreover, the lysozyme activity as well as the contents of nitric oxide in the oyster serum also increased significantly. The above results collectively suggested that CgTNF-2 was a novel member of bivalve TNF-α family, which could prompt the antibacterial activity by inducing the lysozyme activity and the production of nitric oxide in the innate immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Meijia Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanan Zong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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10
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Kim EJ, Kim SJ, Park CJ, Nam YK. Characterization of testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 1-like (TSSK1-like) gene and expression patterns in diploid and triploid Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai; Gastropoda; Mollusca) males. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226022. [PMID: 31825975 PMCID: PMC6905558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 1-like (TSSK1-like), which plays important roles in late-phase spermatogenesis and male fertility, was characterized in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai, an important commercial marine gastropod. Further, its expression patterns were assessed in diploid and induced triploid males showing differential degrees of testis maturation. Abalone TSSK1-like shared conserved structural features with mammalian TSSK1s and other potential metazoan orthologs, especially regarding the catalytic STKc domain. Phylogenetically, abalone TSSK1-like displayed a genetic affiliation with its molluscan TSSK1-like orthologs and human TSSK1. Additionally, abalone TSSK1-like gene showed a tetrapartite exon-intron organization, unlike the intronless structure of most amniotic tetrapodian TSSK1s. Molecular phylogenetic analysis in the metazoan lineage suggested a possible revision in the origin of the earliest ancestral TSSK1. Further, abalone TSSK1-like showed testis-predominant expression, which was significantly influenced by both age and seasonal reproductive cycles. Comparative expression analyses between diploid and triploid abalone males suggested that robust TSSK1-like expression occurred primarily at the post-meiotic stage. Additionally, RT-PCR assay indicates that mature abalone sperms retain TSSK1-like transcripts after release. Taken together, this study provides useful insights for further studies to assess male reproduction and sterility and/or partial fertility of induced male triploidy in abalone species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Kim
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kwon Nam
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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11
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Involvement of a TNF homologue in balancing the host immune system of Macrobrachium nipponense. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Wang L, Song X, Song L. The oyster immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:99-118. [PMID: 28587860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oysters, the common name for a number of different bivalve molluscs, are the worldwide aquaculture species and also play vital roles in the function of ecosystem. As invertebrate, oysters have evolved an integrated, highly complex innate immune system to recognize and eliminate various invaders via an array of orchestrated immune reactions, such as immune recognition, signal transduction, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, as well as encapsulation and phagocytosis of the circulating haemocytes. The hematopoietic tissue, hematopoiesis, and the circulating haemocytes have been preliminary characterized, and the detailed annotation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas genome has revealed massive expansion and functional divergence of innate immune genes in this animal. Moreover, immune priming and maternal immune transfer are reported in oysters, suggesting the adaptability of invertebrate immunity. Apoptosis and autophagy are proved to be important immune mechanisms in oysters. This review will summarize the research progresses of immune system and the immunomodulation mechanisms of the primitive catecholaminergic, cholinergic, neuropeptides, GABAergic and nitric oxidase system, which possibly make oysters ideal model for studying the origin and evolution of immune system and the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in lower invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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13
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Chen H, Zhou Z, Wang L, Wang H, Liu R, Zhang H, Song L. An invertebrate-specific miRNA targeted the ancient cholinergic neuroendocrine system of oyster. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160059. [PMID: 27488375 PMCID: PMC5008008 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter in the cholinergic neuroendocrine system and plays an indispensable role in modulating diverse immune responses. As important transporters in choline uptake, choline transporter-like proteins (CTLs) can control ACh synthesis and release indirectly in multiple organisms. In this study, cgi-miR-2d, an invertebrate-specific miRNA in oyster Crassostrea gigas, is proved to repress the synthesis/release of ACh by targeting CgCTL1 and choline uptake in haemocytes during the early stage of pathogen infection. In short, an opposite expression pattern between CgCTL1 and cgi-miR-2d is observed during Vibrio splendidus infection, accompanied by changes in haemolymph ACh. In addition, the expression level of CgCTL1 is found to be significantly repressed after cgi-miR-2d overexpression in vivo, while both haemocyte choline and haemolymph ACh are also decreased simultaneously, similar to the finding in CgCTL1 knock-down assay. As a result, the expression of two tumour necrosis factor-like proteins and the bacteriostatic activity of oyster haemocytes are found to be altered significantly by either gain-of-function cgi-miR-2d or knock-down of CgCTL1. To our knowledge, this is the first miRNA identified in invertebrates that can target the ancient cholinergic system and augment immune response during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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14
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Schultz JH, Adema CM. Comparative immunogenomics of molluscs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:3-15. [PMID: 28322934 PMCID: PMC5494275 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparative immunology, studying both vertebrates and invertebrates, provided the earliest descriptions of phagocytosis as a general immune mechanism. However, the large scale of animal diversity challenges all-inclusive investigations and the field of immunology has developed by mostly emphasizing study of a few vertebrate species. In addressing the lack of comprehensive understanding of animal immunity, especially that of invertebrates, comparative immunology helps toward management of invertebrates that are food sources, agricultural pests, pathogens, or transmit diseases, and helps interpret the evolution of animal immunity. Initial studies showed that the Mollusca (second largest animal phylum), and invertebrates in general, possess innate defenses but lack the lymphocytic immune system that characterizes vertebrate immunology. Recognizing the reality of both common and taxon-specific immune features, and applying up-to-date cell and molecular research capabilities, in-depth studies of a select number of bivalve and gastropod species continue to reveal novel aspects of molluscan immunity. The genomics era heralded a new stage of comparative immunology; large-scale efforts yielded an initial set of full molluscan genome sequences that is available for analyses of full complements of immune genes and regulatory sequences. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), due to lower cost and effort required, allows individual researchers to generate large sequence datasets for growing numbers of molluscs. RNAseq provides expression profiles that enable discovery of immune genes and genome sequences reveal distribution and diversity of immune factors across molluscan phylogeny. Although computational de novo sequence assembly will benefit from continued development and automated annotation may require some experimental validation, NGS is a powerful tool for comparative immunology, especially increasing coverage of the extensive molluscan diversity. To date, immunogenomics revealed new levels of complexity of molluscan defense by indicating sequence heterogeneity in individual snails and bivalves, and members of expanded immune gene families are expressed differentially to generate pathogen-specific defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Schultz
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Coen M Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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15
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Huang Y, Wu L, Jin M, Hui K, Ren Q. A C1qDC Protein (HcC1qDC6) with Three Tandem C1q Domains Is Involved in Immune Response of Triangle-Shell Pearl Mussel ( Hyriopsis cumingii). Front Physiol 2017; 8:521. [PMID: 28785225 PMCID: PMC5519582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q-domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are a family of proteins with a globular C1q (gC1q) domain and participate in several immune responses. In this study, a C1qDC gene was identified from the triangle-shell pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii (designated as HcC1qDC6). This gene has a full-length cDNA of 1782 bp and an open reading frame of 1,335 bp that encodes a 444-amino acid polypeptide containing three gC1q domains. HcC1qDC6 contains at least five exons and four introns. The mRNA transcripts of HcC1qDC6 were found to have the highest expression levels in the mantle tissue. The expression levels in the mantle and hepatopancreas were significantly upregulated by Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenges. Moreover, knockdown of HcC1qDC6 inhibits the expression of two immune-related genes (tumor necrosis factor and whey acidic protein). The recombinant proteins of C1q1, C1q2, and C1q3 all exhibit a binding activity against seven bacterial species and directly bind to peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. The results indicate that HcC1qDC6 is involved in the innate immunity of H. cumingii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resource, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA)Xiamen, China
| | - Kaimin Hui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu ProvinceLianyungang, China
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16
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Ren Y, Xue J, Yang H, Pan B, Bu W. Transcriptome analysis of Ruditapes philippinarum hepatopancreas provides insights into immune signaling pathways under Vibrio anguillarum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:14-23. [PMID: 28267631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is one of the most economically important aquatic clams that are harvested on a large scale by the mariculture industry in China. However, increasing reports of bacterial pathogenic diseases have had a negative effect on the aquaculture industry of R. philippinarum. In the present study, the two transcriptome libraries of untreated (termed H) and challenged Vibrio anguillarum (termed HV) hepatopancreas were constructed and sequenced from Manila clam using an Illumina-based paired-end sequencing platform. In total, 75,302,886 and 66,578,976 high-quality clean reads were assembled from 101,080,746 and 99,673,538 raw data points from the two transcriptome libraries described above, respectively. Furthermore, 156,116 unigenes were generated from 210,685 transcripts, with an N50 length of 1125 bp, and from the annotated SwissProt, NR, NT, KO, GO, KOG and KEGG databases. Moreover, a total of 4071 differentially expressed unigenes (HV vs H) were detected, including 903 up-regulated and 3168 down-regulated genes. Among these differentially expressed unigenes, 226 unigenes were annotated using KEGG annotation in 16 immune-related signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptor, NF-kappa B, MAPK, NOD-like receptor, RIG-I-like receptor, and the TNF and chemokine signaling pathways. Finally, 20,341 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 214,430 potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected from the H and HV transcriptome libraries. In conclusion, these studies identified many candidate immune-related genes and signaling pathways and conducted a comparative analysis of the differentially expressed unigenes from Manila clam hepatopancreas in response to V. anguillarum stimulation. These data laid the foundation for studying the innate immune systems and defense mechanisms in R. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Ren
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Junli Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Baoping Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
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17
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Chen H, Jiang S, Wang L, Wang L, Wang H, Qiu L, Song L. Cgi-miR-92d indirectly regulates TNF expression by targeting CDS region of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor 3 (CgLITAF3) in oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:577-584. [PMID: 27346152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mediated inflammatory response plays indispensable roles in organisms defending against the invaded bacteria, during which microRNAs have been found crucial by controlling multiple TNF-α-related genes. In the present study, cgi-miR-92d was annotated as a member of miR-17-92 family and could target the CDS region of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α factor (CgLITAF3) in oyster Crassostrea gigas. It was observed that cgi-miR-92d could be vigorously modulated by Vibrio splendidus or LPS stimulation while CgLITAF3 altered oppositely. Two putative binding sites of cgi-miR-92d were then found at CDS region of CgLITAF3. The interaction between cgi-miR-92d and CgLITAF3 was subsequently verified both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, a significant decrease of cellular luminescence was observed in CgLITAF3 luciferase reporter assay when cgi-miR-92d was overexpressed. The luminescent decrease was then recuperated when cgi-miR-92d inhibitor was co-transfected with miRNA mimics. Besides, CgLITAF3 transcripts were significantly down-regulated when cgi-miR-92d was overexpressed in vivo during V. splendidus challenge. Gain-of-function assay of CgLITAF3 was then conducted in HEK293T cells to verify its function. Consequently, a significant increase of TNF-α was observed during the assay. At the meantime, CgTNF was also down-regulated in gain-of-function assay of cgi-miR-92 in vivo, which was a member of TNF superfamily in oysters which could be robustly induced after pathogen stimulation. Together, these results verify the interaction between CgLITAF3 and cgi-miR-92d, which might dedicate crucially in the repaid activation of CgTNF expression during inflammatory response of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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18
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Rosani U, Domeneghetti S, Gerdol M, Franzoi M, Pallavicini A, Venier P. Serum amyloid A in marine bivalves: An acute phase and innate immunity protein. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:136-144. [PMID: 26828389 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is among the most potent acute phase proteins (APP) in vertebrates. After injury, its early expression can dramatically increase to promote the recruitment of immuno-competent cells, expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and the activation of the innate immune defences. Although APP have been studied in many vertebrates, only recently their search was extended to invertebrates and the finding of SAA-like molecules has opened new questions on the immune-regulatory functions of these soluble proteins in the animal kingdom. Taking advantage of the considerable amount of genomic and transcriptomic data currently available, we retrieved 51 SAA-like proteins in several protostome taxa comprising 21 marine bivalve species and basal metazoans. In addition to vertebrate-like SAAs, we identified a second protein type with peculiar features. In the bivalves Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus galloprovincialis, both digital expression analysis and qPCR data indicated an induction of the classical SAA after bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rosani
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padua, via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - S Domeneghetti
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padua, via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - M Gerdol
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgeri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Franzoi
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padua, via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - A Pallavicini
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgeri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Venier
- Dept. of Biology, University of Padua, via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy.
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Gao D, Ko DC, Tian X, Yang G, Wang L. Expression Divergence of Duplicate Genes in the Protein Kinase Superfamily in Pacific Oyster. Evol Bioinform Online 2015; 11:57-65. [PMID: 26417197 PMCID: PMC4573066 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s30230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication has been proposed to serve as the engine of evolutionary innovation. It is well recognized that eukaryotic genomes contain a large number of duplicated genes that evolve new functions or expression patterns. However, in mollusks, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the divergence and the functional maintenance of duplicate genes remain little understood. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of duplicate genes in the protein kinase superfamily using whole genome and transcriptome data for the Pacific oyster. A total of 64 duplicated gene pairs were identified based on a phylogenetic approach and the reciprocal best BLAST method. By analyzing gene expression from RNA-seq data from 69 different developmental and stimuli-induced conditions (nine tissues, 38 developmental stages, eight dry treatments, seven heat treatments, and seven salty treatments), we found that expression patterns were significantly correlated for a number of duplicate gene pairs, suggesting the conservation of regulatory mechanisms following divergence. Our analysis also identified a subset of duplicate gene pairs with very high expression divergence, indicating that these gene pairs may have been subjected to transcriptional subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization after the initial duplication events. Further analysis revealed a significant correlation between expression and sequence divergence (as revealed by synonymous or nonsynonymous substitution rates) under certain conditions. Taken together, these results provide evidence for duplicate gene sequence and expression divergence in the Pacific oyster, accompanying its adaptation to harsh environments. Our results provide new insights into the evolution of duplicate genes and their expression levels in the Pacific oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xinmin Tian
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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