1
|
van Muilekom DR, Collet B, Rebl H, Zlatina K, Sarais F, Goldammer T, Rebl A. Lost and Found: The Family of NF-κB Inhibitors Is Larger than Assumed in Salmonid Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10229. [PMID: 37373375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signalling is largely controlled by the family of 'inhibitors of NF-κB' (IκB). The relevant databases indicate that the genome of rainbow trout contains multiple gene copies coding for iκbα (nfkbia), iκbε (nfkbie), iκbδ (nkfbid), iκbζ (nfkbiz), and bcl3, but it lacks iκbβ (nfkbib) and iκbη (ankrd42). Strikingly, three nfkbia paralogs are apparently present in salmonid fish, two of which share a high sequence identity, while the third putative nfkbia gene is significantly less like its two paralogs. This particular nfkbia gene product, iκbα, clusters with the human IκBβ in a phylogenetic analysis, while the other two iκbα proteins from trout associate with their human IκBα counterpart. The transcript concentrations were significantly higher for the structurally more closely related nfkbia paralogs than for the structurally less similar paralog, suggesting that iκbβ probably has not been lost from the salmonid genomes but has been incorrectly designated as iκbα. In the present study, two gene variants coding for iκbα (nfkbia) and iκbε (nfkbie) were prominently expressed in the immune tissues and, particularly, in a cell fraction enriched with granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells from the head kidney of rainbow trout. Stimulation of salmonid CHSE-214 cells with zymosan significantly upregulated the iκbα-encoding gene while elevating the copy numbers of the inflammatory markers interleukin-1-beta and interleukin-8. Overexpression of iκbα and iκbε in CHSE-214 cells dose-dependently quenched both the basal and stimulated activity of an NF-κB promoter suggesting their involvement in immune-regulatory processes. This study provides the first functional data on iκbε-versus the well-researched iκbα factor-in a non-mammalian model species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doret R van Muilekom
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Bertrand Collet
- VIM, UVSQ, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Fabio Sarais
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng J, Xu Y, Lin P, Peng X, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Identification of IκBα in Japanese eel Anguilla japonica that impairs the IKKα-dependent activation of NF-κB, AP1, and type I IFN signaling pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104044. [PMID: 33915176 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a member of inhibitory κB family (IκB) family, IκBα is best-characterized and plays a central negative feedback regulator of NF-κB pathway in mammals, but the information about IκBα in the regulation of immune responses is still limited in teleost fishes. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of an IκBα homologue, AjIκBα, was cloned by 5' and 3' SMART RACE from Japanese eel, and its characteristics of expression in response to various PAMPs and A. hydrophila infection were investigated both in vivo and in vitro using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, the subcellular localization of AjIκBα GFP fusion protein and the induction of AjIκBα alone or co-expression with Japanese eel IKKα (AjIKKα) in the activation of NF-κB, type I IFN and AP1 performed using Dual-Glo luciferase assay system were also detected. Sequence comparison analysis revealed that AjIκBα has typical conserved domains, including the N-terminal conserved degradation motif, the ankyrin repeats, and the C-terminal PEST domain. The predicted three-dimensional structure of AjIκBα is similar to that of human IκBα. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a broad expression for AjIκBα in a wide range of tissues, with the highest expression in the spleen, followed by intestine, liver, gills, skin, kidney, and with a lower expression in the heart and muscle. The AjIκBα expressions in the kidney, spleen, and especially in liver were significantly induced following injection with Gram-negative bacterial component LPS, the viral mimic poly I:C and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In vitro, the AjIκBα transcripts of Japanese eel liver cells were significantly enhanced by the treatment of LPS, poly I:C, or the stimulation of different concentration of Aeromonas hydrophil. Luciferase assays demonstrated that not only could the AjIκBα expression significantly decrease the activation of NF-κB, AP1, and IFNβ-responsive promoters in HEK293 cells and EPC cells, but also robustly inhibited the activity of these three promoters in HEK293 cells or NF-κB and AP1-responsive promoters in EPC cells induced by AjIKKα. Additionally, subcellular localization studies showed that AjIκBα was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus both in HEK293 cells and EPC cells under natural state. AjIκBα was found to aggregate into spots in the cytoplasm and nucleus stimulated by LPS or mostly aggregate into nucleus with the treatment of poly I:C in HEK293 cells, whereas the elevated expression of AjIκBα was observed in the cytoplasm of EPC cells upon the stimulation of poly I:C. These results collectively indicated that AjIκBα function as an important negative regulation in innate immunity of host against antibacterial and antiviral infection likely via the inhibition of the activation of NF-κB, AP1, and type I IFN signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Feng
- Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Yuankai Xu
- Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xinwei Peng
- Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Engineer Research Center of Eel Modern Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, China; College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou QL, Xia D, Pan L, Wang J, Chen Q, Ge X, Sun C, Miao L, Lin Y, Liu B. Molecular cloning and expression mechanism of Mnp65 in Megalobrama amblycephala response to Aeromonas hydrophilia challenge. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 261:111046. [PMID: 34352395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
p65 is one of the important subunits of the inflammation-related transcription factor NF-κB. In the present study, we cloned and identified the p65 from Megalobrama amblycephala (Mnp65) by homologous cloning and RACE technique. The full-length Mnp65 cDNA consisted of 2331 bp, and included one open reading frame encoding a 604-amino acid putative protein. The protein sequence included a DNA binding motif, a well conserved N-terminal Rel-homology domain (RHD), and a C-terminal IG-like plexins transcription (IPT). Mnp65 was closely related with the other p65 proteins of Cypriniformes and clearly distinct from that of Perciformes and Salmoniformes in terms of sequence homology. Mnp65 homodimer may interact with IκBα in the IPT domain based on the predicted 3D structure of IκBα/Mnp65 complex. Mnp65 was ubiquitously expressed in M. amblycephala tissues, and the highest levels were detected in muscle and liver. Intragastric infection with Aeromonas hydrophila caused respiratory burst and cytokine storm from 8 h to 48 h, showing significantly higher level of respiratory burst activities and significantly high cytokines levels, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 etc., compared to 0 h. In addition, the bacterial challenge downregulated the IkBα, and upregulated Mnp65 and TNF-α in the liver. IkBα-Mnp65 was regulated by the negative feedback of cytokine storm, to increase IkBα and decrease Mnp65. Then cytokine storm was relieved at 96 h. Finally, severe intestinal inflammation was observed from 24 h to 48 h after infection, characterized by extensive villous necrosis, epithelial hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration, all of which were relieved at 96 h. Taken together, Mnp65 plays a crucial role in the physiological response of teleost fish to bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Dong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Nanjing Alpha Feed Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Binhuai Avenue No.9, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Linghong Miao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yi TL, Pei MT, Yang DQ. Expression patterns of kiss2 and gpr54-2 in Monopterus albus suggest these genes may play a role in sex reversal in fish. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1835-1844. [PMID: 31446680 PMCID: PMC6768111 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its exceptionally small genome size and protogynous hermaphroditism, Monopterus albus has been proposed as a model for vertebrate sexual development. The Kiss/GPR54 system is a central regulator of sexual development in most vertebrates, but its role in sex reversal remains hypothetical. In contrast to mammals, fishes often possess more than one copy of the kiss and gpr54 genes. Our objectives were to identify all kiss/gpr54 genes in the genome of M. albus and to assess their involvement in sex reversal via their expression patterns (qPCR) in females, males, and intersex specimens. We identified only two genes: kiss2 and gpr54‐2. kiss2 expression was extremely high in the gonads of males, intermediate in females, and low in intersex; and reduced in all tissues of intersex. gpr54 expression was also extremely high in the gonads of males, high in intersex, but low in females. gpr54 expression in brain was high in all three sexes. In conclusion, (a) kiss1 has been functionally replaced in M. albus; (b) the functions of gpr54‐2 in brain are not sex‐specific; (c) kiss2 appears to undergo a ‘reset’ in the expression during the sex change; and (d) sex‐specific expression patterns in the gonads indicate that these two genes may play a role in sex reversal in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Lin Yi
- Yangtze University Engineering Research Center for Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China.,School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ting Pei
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Monopterus albus, Jingzhou, China.,Hubei Zhongqing Aquaculture Industry Technology Research Institute and limited company, Jingzhou, 434026, China
| | - Dai-Qin Yang
- Yangtze University Engineering Research Center for Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, China.,School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prisingkorn W, Jakovlić I, Yi SK, Deng FY, Zhao YH, Wang WM. Gene expression patterns indicate that a high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet causes mitochondrial dysfunction in fish. Genome 2019; 62:53-67. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Expensive and unsustainable fishmeal is increasingly being replaced with cheaper lipids and carbohydrates as sources of energy in aquaculture. Although it is known that the excess of lipids and carbohydrates has negative effects on nutrient utilization, growth, metabolic homeostasis, and health of fish, our current understanding of mechanisms behind these effects is limited. To improve the understanding of diet-induced metabolic disorders (both in fish and other vertebrates), we conducted an eight-week high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet feeding trial on blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), and studied gene expression changes (transcriptome and qPCR) in the liver. Disproportionately large numbers of differentially expressed genes were associated with mitochondrial metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s), and functional categories indicative of liver dysfunction. A high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet may have caused mitochondrial dysfunction, and possibly downregulated the mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver. While the relationship between diet and neurodegenerative disorders is well-established in mammals, this is the first report of this connection in fish. We propose that fishes should be further explored as a potentially promising model to study the mechanisms of diet-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wassana Prisingkorn
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Kui Yi
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yu Deng
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang C, Su S, Li X, Li B, Yang B, Zhu J, Wang W. Comparative transcriptomics identifies genes differentially expressed in the intestine of a new fast-growing strain of common carp with higher unsaturated fatty acid content in muscle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206615. [PMID: 30395585 PMCID: PMC6218049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have created a new, fast-growing strain of common carp with higher unsaturated fatty acid content in muscle. To better understand the impacts of gene regulation in intestinal tissue on growth and unsaturated fatty acid content, we conducted a comparative RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis between intestine samples of Selected and Control groups (and corroborated selected results by PCR). After eight weeks of cage culture, weight gain of the Selected group was 20.84% higher. In muscles of the control group, monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs) were more abundant, whereas polyunsaturated FAs were more abundant in muscles of the Selected group. In total, we found 106 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups. Only the endocytosis pathway was significantly enriched in DEGs, with two upregulated genes: il2rb and ehd1. The latter is involved in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (Gh/Igf) axis, which plays a key role in the regulation of growth in animals. tll2, which is known to be associated with intestinal regeneration, was extremely highly upregulated in both transcriptomic (infinite) and qPCR (610.70) analyses. Two of the upregulated genes are associated with the fatty acid metabolism, several genes are likely to be indicators of heightened transcription levels, several are associated with metabolic and developmental roles, several with neuronal functions (including two with vision), several with the immune system, and two downregulated genes with the development of vasculature. The higher growth rate of the Selected group is likely to be at least partially attributed to increased endocytosis efficiency and genetically-driven behavioural differences (higher aggression levels). There are some indications that this new strain might have slightly impaired immune responses, and a higher propensity for inherited diseases leading to sight impairment, as well for neurodegenerative diseases in general, but these indications still need to be confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Shengyan Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Baojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, PR China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (WW)
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (WW)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu J, Wang F, Jakovlić I, Prisingkorn W, Li JT, Wang WM, Zhao YH. Metabolite and gene expression profiles suggest a putative mechanism through which high dietary carbohydrates reduce the content of hepatic betaine in Megalobrama amblycephala. Metabolomics 2018; 14:94. [PMID: 30830423 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-carbohydrate diets (HCD) are favoured by the aquaculture industry for economic reasons, but they can produce negative impacts on growth and induce hepatic steatosis. We hypothesised that the mechanism behind this is the reduction of hepatic betaine content. OBJECTIVE We further explored this mechanism by supplementing betaine (1%) to the diet of a farmed fish Megalobrama amblycephala. METHODS Four diet groups were designed: control (CD, 27.11% carbohydrates), high-carbohydrate (HCD, 36.75% carbohydrates), long-term betaine (LBD, 35.64% carbohydrates) and short-term betaine diet (SBD; 12 weeks HCD + 4 weeks LBD). We analysed growth performance, body composition, liver condition, and expression of genes and profiles of metabolites associated with betaine metabolism. RESULTS HCD resulted in poorer growth and liver health (compared to CD), whereas LBD improved these parameters (compared to HCD). HCD induced the expression of genes associated with glucose, serine and cystathionine metabolisms, and (non-significantly, p = .20) a betaine-catabolizing enzyme betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase; and decreased the content of betaine, methionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and carnitine. Betaine supplementation (LBD) reversed these patterns, and elevated betaine-homocysteine-methyltransferase, S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine (all p ≤ .05). CONCLUSION We hypothesise that HCD reduced the content of hepatic betaine by enhancing the activity of metabolic pathways from glucose to homocysteine, reflected in increased glycolysis, serine metabolism, cystathionine metabolism and homocysteine remethylation. Long-term dietary betaine supplementation improved the negative impacts of HCD, inculding growth parameters, body composition, liver condition, and betaine metabolism. However, betaine supplementation may have caused a temporary disruption in the metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan, 430075, People's Republic of China
| | - Wassana Prisingkorn
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Haikou, 570102, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prisingkorn W, Prathomya P, Jakovlić I, Liu H, Zhao YH, Wang WM. Transcriptomics, metabolomics and histology indicate that high-carbohydrate diet negatively affects the liver health of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:856. [PMID: 29121861 PMCID: PMC5680769 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global trend of the introduction of high levels of relatively cheap carbohydrates to reduce the amount of costly protein in the aquatic animal feed production has affected the aquaculture of an economically important cyprinid fish, blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). This dietary shift has resulted in increased prevalence of metabolic disorders, often causing economic losses. High dietary intake of carbohydrates, associated with obesity, is one of the major causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. Results We have conducted an eight-week feeding trial to better understand how a high-carbohydrate diet (HCBD) affects the liver health in this fish. Hepatosomatic index and lipid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the HCBD group. Histology results also suggested pathological changes in the livers of HCBD group, with excessive lipid accumulation and indication of liver damage. Metabolomics and serum biochemistry analyses showed that a number of metabolites indicative of liver damage were increased in the HCBD group. This group also exhibited low levels of betaine, which is a metabolite crucial for maintaining the healthy liver functions. Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses indicated that HCBD had a strong impact on the expression of a large number of genes associated with the NAFLD and insulin signalling pathways, which may lead to the development of insulin resistance in hepatocytes, pathological liver changes, and eventually the NAFLD. Conclusions Transcriptomics, metabolomics and histology results all indicate early symptoms of liver damage. However whether these would actually lead to the development of NAFLD after a longer period of time, remains inconclusive. Additionally, a very high number of upregulated genes in the HCBD group associated with several neurodegenerative diseases is a strong indication of neurodegenerative changes caused by the high-carbohydrate diet in blunt snout bream. This suggests that fish might present a good model to study neurodegenerative changes associated with high-carbohydrate diet in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4246-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wassana Prisingkorn
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Panita Prathomya
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430075, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang H, Xu Q, Xu X, Hu Y, Hou Q, Zhu Y, Hu C. Ctenopharyngodon idella IKKβ interacts with PKR and IκBα. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:729-736. [PMID: 28673044 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ) is a subunit of the IKK complex. It can activate the NF-κB pathway through phosphorylating IκB in response to a wide range of stimuli. In the present study, an IKKβ gene from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella; KT282114) was cloned and identified by homologous cloning and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The complete CiIKKβ cDNA is 3428 bp in length, with the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 2337 bp encoding a polypeptide of 778 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of CiIKKβ has similar domain distribution to those of mammalian. For example, CiIKKβ consists of a serine/threonine kinase domain at the N-terminal, a basic region leucin zipper (BRLZ) domain in the middle, a homeobox associated leucin zipper (HALZ) domain and an IKKβ NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator) binding domain at the C-terminal. Phylogenetic tree analysis also showed that CiIKKβ is highly homologous to zebrafish IKKβ (DrIKKβ) and clearly distinct from the mammalian and amphibian counterparts. The expression of CiIKKβ was ubiquitously found in the liver, intestine, kidney, gill, spleen, heart, and brain tissues of grass carp and significantly up-regulated in CIK cells under the stimulation with Poly I:C and UV-inactivated grass carp hemorrhagic virus. To investigate the activation mechanism of NF-κB pathway in fish and the role of CiIKKβ in the pathway, we explored the protein interactions of protein kinase R (PKR) with IKKβ and IKKβ with IκBα by co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down assays. The interaction between each pair was confirmed. The results suggest that CiIKKβ may be a primary member in the activation of NF-κB pathway in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yousheng Hu
- Medical College, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Qunhao Hou
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Youlin Zhu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| |
Collapse
|