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Tran HTQ, Ho TH, Nan FH, Liu CH, Hu YF, Chong CM, de Cruz CR, Karim M, Liu TJ, Kuo IP, Lee PT. Assessment of fish protein hydrolysate as a substitute for fish meal in white shrimp diets: Impact on growth, immune response, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109597. [PMID: 38697373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate derived from barramundi on growth performance, muscle composition, immune response, disease resistance, histology and gene expression in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). In vitro studies demonstrated FPH enhanced mRNA expressions of key immune-related genes and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phagocytic activity in shrimp hemocytes. To evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with FPH in vivo, four isoproteic (43 %), isolipidic (6 %), and isoenergetic diets (489 kcal/100 g) were formulated with fish meal substitution levels of 0 % (control), 30 % (FPH30), 65 % (FPH65), and 100 % (FPH100). After 8-week feeding, the growth performance of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly lower than that of control and FPH30 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the midgut histological examination revealed the wall thickness and villi height of FPH100 were significantly lower than those of control (p < 0.05). The shrimps were received the challenge of AHPND + Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 and 8. All FPH-fed groups significantly enhanced resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 (p < 0.05). However, this protective effect diminished after long-period feeding. No significant difference of survival rate was observed among all groups at week 8 (p > 0.05). The expressions of immune-related genes were analyzed at week 4 before and after challenge. In control group, V. parahaemolyticus significantly elevated SOD in hepatopancreas and Muc 19, trypsin, Midline-fas, and GPx in foregut (p < 0.05). Moreover, hepatopancreatic SOD of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly higher than that of control before challenge (p < 0.05). Immune parameters were measured at week 8. Compared with control, the phagocytic index of FPH 30 was significantly higher (p < 0.05). However, dietary FPH did not alter ROS production, phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, and total hemocyte count (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that FPH30 holds promise as a feed without adverse impacts on growth performance while enhancing the immunological response of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thi Hang Ho
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Fang Hu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chou Min Chong
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Clement R de Cruz
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Murni Karim
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ting-Jui Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - I-Pei Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan; Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center Chupei Station, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
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Ji R, Guan L, Hu Z, Cheng Y, Cai M, Zhao G, Zang J. A comprehensive review on hemocyanin from marine products: Structure, functions, its implications for the food industry and beyond. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132041. [PMID: 38705315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, an oxygen-transport protein, is widely distributed in the hemolymph of marine arthropods and mollusks, playing an important role in their physiological processes. Recently, hemocyanin has been recognized as a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the immunological responses of aquatic invertebrates. Consequently, the link between hemocyanin functions and their potential applications has garnered increased attention. This review offers an integrated overview of hemocyanin's structure, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactivities to further promote the utilization of hemocyanin derived from marine products. Specifically, we review its implication in two aspects of food and aquaculture industries: quality and health. Hemocyanin's inducible phenoloxidase activity is thought to be an inducer of melanosis in crustaceans. New anti-melanosis agents targeted to hemocyanin need to be explored. The red-color change observed in shrimp shells is related to hemocyanin, affecting consumer preferences. Hemocyanin's adaptive modification in response to the aquatic environment is available as a biomarker. Additionally, hemocyanin is endowed with bioactivities encompassing anti-microbial, antiviral, and therapeutic activities. Hemocyanin is also a novel allergen and its allergenic features remain incompletely characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yishen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Li Y, Lv J, Sun D, Guo J, Liu P, Gao B. Characterization of a pseudohemocyanin gene (PtPhc1) and its immunity function in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109435. [PMID: 38336144 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudohemocyanin is a member of the hemocyanin superfamily, but little research is available on its function in immunology. In this study, a Portunus trituberculatus pseudohemocyanin gene, named PtPhc1, was obtained by gene cloning. The PtPhc1 cDNA was 2312 bp in length, encoding 684 amino acids while exhibiting a characteristic hemocyanin structural domain. Tissue expression analysis revealed ubiquitous expression of PtPhc1 across all tissues, with the highest level of expression observed in the hepatopancreas. The expression pattern of PtPhc1 in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection was clarified using RT-qPCR in swimming crabs. Notably, the expression peaked at 24 h, and increased 1435-fold compared to the control group in the hepatopancreas. While the expression level reached the maximum value at 72 h, which was 3.24 times higher than that of the control group in hemocytes. Remarkably, the reduction in PtPhc1 expression led to a noteworthy 30% increase in the mortality rate of P. trituberculatus when exposed to V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, in vitro bacterial inhibition assays exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of bacterial proliferation by recombinant PtPhc1 protein, with a notable inhibition rate of 48.33% against V. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 0.03 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the results establish the function of pseudohaemocyanin in immunity for the first time, contributing to a deeper comprehension of innate immune regulatory mechanisms in aquatic organisms and advancing strategies for disease-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianjian Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junyang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ping Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Baoquan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Moh JHZ, Okomoda VT, Mohamad N, Waiho K, Noorbaiduri S, Sung YY, Manan H, Fazhan H, Ma H, Abualreesh MH, Ikhwanuddin M. Morinda citrifolia fruit extract enhances the resistance of Penaeus vannamei to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5668. [PMID: 38454039 PMCID: PMC10920830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium implicated as the causative agent of several shrimp diseases. As part of the effort to provide biocontrol and cost-effective treatments, this research was designed to elucidate the effect of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract on the immunity of Penaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL) to V. parahaemolyticus. The methanol extract of M. citrifolia was vacuum evaporated, and the bioactive compounds were detected using gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS). Thereafter, P. vannamei PL diets were supplemented with M. citrifolia at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/g) and administered for 30 days before 24 h of exposure to the bacterium V. parahaemolyticus. A total of 45 bioactive compounds were detected in the methanol extract of M. citrifolia, with cyclononasiloxane and octadecamethyl being the most abundant. The survival of P. vannamei PLs fed the extract supplement was better than that of the control group (7.1-26.7% survival greater than that of the control group) following V. parahaemolyticus infection. Shrimp fed 50 mg/g M. citrifolia had the highest recorded survival. The activities of digestive and antioxidant enzymes as well as hepatopancreatic cells were significantly reduced, except for those of lipase and hepatopancreatic E-cells, which increased following challenge with V. parahaemolyticus. Histological assessment of the hepatopancreas cells revealed reduced cell degeneration following the administration of the plant extracts (expecially those fed 50 mg/g M. citrifolia) compared to that in the control group. Therefore, the enhanced immunity against V. parahaemolyticus infection in P. vannamei could be associated with the improved hepatopancreas health associated with M. citrifolia fruit extract supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hwei Zhong Moh
- Curtin Aquaculture Research Lab, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Victor Tosin Okomoda
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forestry and Fisheries, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University (Formerly Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi), P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria.
| | - Nurshahieda Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khor Waiho
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shaibani Noorbaiduri
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Manan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hanafiah Fazhan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Muyassar H Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China.
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Campus C, Airlangga University, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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Li J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Chen T, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The evolutionary adaptation of shrimp hemocyanin subtypes and the consequences on their structure and functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109347. [PMID: 38160900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the main respiratory protein of arthropods and is formed by hexameric and/or oligomeric subunits. Due to changes in the living environment and gene rearrangement, various hemocyanin subtypes and subunits evolved in crustaceans. This paper reviews the various hemocyanin subtypes and isoforms in shrimp and analyses published genomic data of sixteen hemocyanin family genes from Litopenaeus vannamei to explore the evolution of hemocyanin genes, subunits, and protein structure. Analysis of hemocyanin subtypes distribution and structure in various tissues was also performed and related to multiple and tissue-specific functions, i.e., immunological activity, immune signaling, phenoloxidase activity, modulation of microbiota homeostasis, and energy metabolism. The functional diversity of shrimp hemocyanin due to molecular polymorphism, transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, degradation into functional peptides, interaction with other proteins or genes, and structural differences will also be highlighted for future research. Inferences would be drawn from other crustaceans to explain how evolution has changed the structure-function of hemocyanin and its implication for evolutionary research into the multifunctionality of hemocyanin and other related proteins in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Yang P, Zhao X, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. The Yin Yang 1 of Penaeus vannamei regulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene during Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:105087. [PMID: 37898353 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a respiratory protein, it is also a multifunctional immune molecule that plays a vital role against pathogen invasion in shrimp. However, the regulation of hemocyanin gene expression in shrimp hemocytes and the mechanisms involved during pathogen infection remains unclear. Here, we used DNA pull-down followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the Yin Yang 1 transcription factor homolog in Penaeus vannamei (PvYY1) as a key factor that modulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene of P. vannamei (PvHMCs) in hemocytes during Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND (VPAHPND) infection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the core promoter region of PvHMCs contains two YY1 motifs. Mutational and oligoprecipitation analyses confirmed that PvYY1 could bind to the YY1 motifs in the PvHMCs core promoter region, while truncation of PvYY1 revealed that the N-terminal domain of PvYY1 is essential for the transactivation of PvHMCs core promoter. Besides, the REPO domain of PvYY1 could repress the activity of the PvHMCs core promoter. Overexpression of PvYY1 significantly activates the promoter activity of PvHMCs core promoter, while PvYY1 knockdown significantly decreases the expression level of PvHMCs in shrimp hemocytes and survival rate of shrimp upon infection with VPAHPND. Our present study provides new insights into the transcriptional regulation of PvHMCs by PvYY1 in shrimp hemocytes during bacteria (VPAHPND) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikui Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Miao M, Li S, Yu Y, Liu Y, Li F. Comparative transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas reveals the potential mechanism of shrimp resistant to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109282. [PMID: 38081442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying a pathogenic plasmid (VPAHPND) is one of the main causative agents of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp aquaculture. Knowledge about the mechanism of shrimp resistant to VPAHPND is very helpful for developing efficient strategy for breeding AHPND resistant shrimp. In order to learn the mechanism of shrimp resistant to AHPND, comparative transcriptome was applied to analyze the different expressions of genes in the hepatopancreas of shrimp from different families with different resistance to VPAHPND. Through comparative analysis on the hepatopancreas of shrimp from VPAHPND resistant family and susceptible family, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in immune and metabolic processes. Most of the immune-related genes among DEGs were highly expressed in the hepatopancreas of shrimp from resistant family, involved in recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, phagocytosis and elimination of pathogens, maintenance of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and other immune processes etc. However, most metabolic-related genes were highly expressed in the hepatopancreas of shrimp from susceptible family, involved in metabolism of lipid, vitamin, cofactors, glucose, carbohydrate and serine. Interestingly, when we analyzed the expression of above DEGs in the shrimp after VPAHPND infection, we found that the most of identified immune-related genes remained at high expression levels in the hepatopancreas of shrimp from the VPAHPND resistant family, and most of the identified metabolic-related genes were still at high expression levels in the hepatopancreas of shrimp from the VPAHPND susceptible family. The data suggested that the differential expression of these immune-related and metabolic-related genes in hepatopancreas might contribute to the resistance variations of shrimp to VPAHPND. These results provided valuable information for understanding the resistant mechanism of shrimp to VPAHPND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shihao Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yang Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Wang C, Yao D, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li S, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. Penaeid shrimp counteract high ammonia stress by generating and using functional peptides from hemocyanin, such as HMCs27. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167073. [PMID: 37714341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and anthropogenic activities release high ammonia levels into aquatic ecosystems, severely affecting aquatic organisms. Penaeid shrimp can survive high ammonia stress conditions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, total hemocyanin and oxyhemocyanin levels decreased in Penaeus vannamei plasma under high ammonia stress. When shrimp were subjected to high ammonia stress for 12 h, 24 hemocyanin (HMC) derived peptides were identified in shrimp plasma, among which one peptide, designated as HMCs27, was chosen for further analysis. Shrimp survival was significantly enhanced after treatment with the recombinant protein of HMCs27 (rHMCs27), followed by high ammonia stress. Transcriptome analysis of shrimp hepatopancreas after treatment with or without rHMCs27 followed by high ammonia stress revealed 973 significantly dysregulated genes, notable among which were genes involved in oxidation and metabolism, such as cytochrome C, catalase (CAT), isocitrate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), trypsin, chymotrypsin, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase (GST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In addition, levels of key biochemical indicators, such as SOD, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), were significantly enhanced, whereas hepatopancreas malondialdehyde levels and plasma pH, NH3, GST, and ALT levels were significantly decreased after rHMCs27 treatment followed by high ammonia stress. Moreover, high ammonia stress induced hepatopancreas tissue injury and apoptosis, but rHMCs27 treatment ameliorated these effects. Collectively, the current study revealed that in response to high ammonia stress, shrimp generate functional peptides, such as peptide HMCs27 from hemocyanin, which helps to attenuate the ammonia toxicity by enhancing the antioxidant system and the tricarboxylic acid cycle to decrease plasma NH3 levels and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Zhao M, Lin Z, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Zhao Y, Chen X, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. The mechanisms and factors that induce trained immunity in arthropods and mollusks. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241934. [PMID: 37744346 PMCID: PMC10513178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides dividing the organism's immune system into adaptive and innate immunity, it has long been thought that only adaptive immunity can establish immune memory. However, many studies have shown that innate immunity can also build immunological memory through epigenetic reprogramming and modifications to resist pathogens' reinfection, known as trained immunity. This paper reviews the role of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications and describes the molecular foundation in the trained immunity of arthropods and mollusks. Mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic modifications complement each other and play a key role in trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Shen Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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10
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Zhao W, Fang Y, Zheng Z, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Yao D, Zhang Y. The transcription factor CSL homolog in Penaeus vannamei positively regulates the transcription of the hemocyanin small subunit gene. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104723. [PMID: 37120045 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, a copper-containing respiratory protein, is abundantly present in hemolymph of arthropods and mollusks and performs a variety of immunological functions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of hemocyanin gene transcription remain largely unclear. Our previous work showed that knockdown of the transcription factor CSL, a component of the Notch signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin small subunit gene (PvHMCs), indicating the involvement of CSL in regulating the PvHMCs transcription. In this study, we identified a CSL binding motif ("GAATCCCAGA", +1675/+1684 bp) in the core promoter of PvHMCs (designated as HsP3). Dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that the CSL homolog in P. vannamei (PvCSL) could directly bind and activate the HsP3 promoter. Moreover, in vivo silencing of PvCSL significantly attenuated the mRNA and protein expression of PvHMCs. Finally, in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus iniae and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, the transcript of PvCSL and PvHMCs showed a positive correlation, suggesting that PvCSL could also modulate the expression of PvHMCs upon pathogen stimulation. Taken together, our present finding is the first to demonstrate that PvCSL is a crucial factor in transcriptional control of PvHMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yunxuan Fang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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11
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Zhao M, Aweya JJ, Feng Q, Zheng Z, Yao D, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y. Ammonia stress affects the structure and function of hemocyanin in Penaeus vannamei. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113827. [PMID: 36068754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic factors and climate change have serious effects on the aquatic ecosystem and aquaculture. Among water pollutants, ammonia has the greatest impact on aquaculture organisms such as penaeid shrimp because it makes them more susceptible to infections. In this study, we explored the effects of ammonia stress (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) on the molecular structure and functions of the multifunctional respiratory protein hemocyanin (HMC) in Penaeus vannamei. While the mRNA expression of Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin (PvHMC) was up-regulated after ammonia stress, both plasma hemocyanin protein and oxyhemocyanin (OxyHMC) levels decreased. Moreover, ammonia stress changed the molecular structure of hemocyanin, modulated the expression of protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) and casein kinase 2α (CK2α) to regulate the phosphorylation modification of hemocyanin, and enhanced its degradation into fragments by trypsin. Under moderate ammonia stress conditions, hemocyanin also undergoes glycosylation to improve its in vitro antibacterial activity and binding with Gram-negative (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, albeit differently. The current findings indicate that P. vannamei hemocyanin undergoes adaptive molecular modifications under ammonia stress enabling the shrimp to survive and counteract the consequences of the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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12
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De Lucca Caetano LH, Nishiyama-Jr MY, de Carvalho Lins Fernandes Távora B, de Oliveira UC, de Loiola Meirelles Junqueira-de-Azevedo I, Faquim-Mauro EL, Magalhães GS. Recombinant Production and Characterization of a New Toxin from Cryptops iheringi Centipede Venom Revealed by Proteome and Transcriptome Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:858. [PMID: 34941696 PMCID: PMC8704451 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the Chilopoda class of centipede, the Cryptops genus is one of the most associated with envenomation in humans in the metropolitan region of the state of São Paulo. To date, there is no study in the literature about the toxins present in its venom. Thus, in this work, a transcriptomic characterization of the Cryptops iheringi venom gland, as well as a proteomic analysis of its venom, were performed to obtain a toxin profile of this species. These methods indicated that 57.9% of the sequences showed to be putative toxins unknown in public databases; among them, we pointed out a novel putative toxin named Cryptoxin-1. The recombinant form of this new toxin was able to promote edema in mice footpads with massive neutrophils infiltration, linking this toxin to envenomation symptoms observed in accidents with humans. Our findings may elucidate the role of this toxin in the venom, as well as the possibility to explore other proteins found in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lhiri Hanna De Lucca Caetano
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.H.D.L.C.); (B.d.C.L.F.T.); (E.L.F.-M.)
| | - Milton Yutaka Nishiyama-Jr
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.Y.N.-J.); (U.C.d.O.); (I.d.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | | | - Ursula Castro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (M.Y.N.-J.); (U.C.d.O.); (I.d.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | | | - Eliana L. Faquim-Mauro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.H.D.L.C.); (B.d.C.L.F.T.); (E.L.F.-M.)
| | - Geraldo Santana Magalhães
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (L.H.D.L.C.); (B.d.C.L.F.T.); (E.L.F.-M.)
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13
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Zheng Z, Aweya JJ, Bao S, Yao D, Li S, Tran NT, Ma H, Zhang Y. The Microbial Composition of Penaeid Shrimps' Hepatopancreas Is Modulated by Hemocyanin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2733-2743. [PMID: 34670821 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms have to produce proteins or factors that help maintain a stable relationship with microbiota and prevent colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. In crustaceans and other aquatic invertebrates, relatively few of these host factors have been characterized. In this study, we show that the respiratory glycoprotein hemocyanin is a crucial host factor that modulates microbial composition and diversity in the hepatopancreas of penaeid shrimp. Diseased penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), had an empty gastrointestinal tract with atrophied hepatopancreas, expressed low hemocyanin, and high total bacterial abundance, with Vibrio as the dominant bacteria. Similarly, shrimp depleted of hemocyanin had mitochondrial depolarization, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and dysregulation of several energy metabolism-related genes. Hemocyanin silencing together with ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine) treatment improved microbial diversity and decreased Vibrio dominance in the hepatopancreas. However, fecal microbiota transplantation after hemocyanin knockdown could not restore the microbial composition in the hepatopancreas. Collectively, our data provide, to our knowledge, new insight into the pivotal role of hemocyanin in modulating microbial composition in penaeid shrimp hepatopancreas via its effect on mitochondrial integrity, energy metabolism, and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; .,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Shiyuan Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China; .,Shantou University-Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China; and.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zheng Z, Li R, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Wang F, Li S, Tuan TN, Zhang Y. The PirB toxin protein from Vibrio parahaemolyticus induces apoptosis in hemocytes of Penaeus vannamei. Virulence 2021; 12:481-492. [PMID: 33487106 PMCID: PMC7834086 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1872171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a major debilitating disease that causes massive shrimp death resulting in substantial economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. The Pir toxin proteins secreted by a unique strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus play an essential role in the pathogenesis of AHPND. At present, most studies on the effects of Pir toxin proteins in shrimp focus on digestive tissues or organs such as hepatopancreas, stomach, etc., with none on the immune organs. In the present study, two recombinant Pir toxin proteins (rPirA and rPirB) of V. parahaemolyticus were expressed with rPirB shown to enter shrimp hemocytes. Employing pull-down and LC-MS/MS analysis, GST-rPirB was found to interact with 13 proteins in hemocytes, including histone H3 and histone H4 and among which histone H4 had the highest protein score. Further analysis using GST pull-down and Far-Western blot analysis revealed that rPirB could interact with histone H4. In addition, using the purified nucleosome protein from Drosophila S2 cells, it was found that PirB protein could specifically bind to histones. When flow cytometry was applied, it was observed that the interaction between PirB and histones in shrimp hemocytes induces apoptosis, which results in the dephosphorylation of Serine 10 in histone H3. Collectively, the current study shows that in addition to its effect on the digestive tract of shrimp, the PirB toxin protein interacts with histones to affect the phosphorylation of histone H3-S10, thereby inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zheng
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China
| | - Ruiwei Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China
| | - Tran Ngoc Tuan
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University , Shantou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory , Guangzhou, China
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15
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Aweya JJ, Zheng X, Zheng Z, Wang W, Fan J, Yao D, Li S, Zhang Y. The sterol regulatory element binding protein homolog of Penaeus vannamei modulates fatty acid metabolism and immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158757. [PMID: 32544537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) transcription factors family, which regulate the expression of genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism and homeostasis, have recently been implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological processes such as immune regulation and inflammation in vertebrates. Consistent with other invertebrates, we identified a single SREBP ortholog in Penaeus vannamei (designated PvSREBP) with transcripts ubiquitously expressed in tissues and induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Streptococcus iniae. In vivo RNA interference (RNAi) of PvSREBP attenuated the expression of several fatty acid metabolism-related genes (i.e., cyclooxygenase (PvCOX), lipoxygenase (PvLOX), fatty acid binding protein (PvFABP) and fatty acid synthase (PvFASN)), which consequently decreased the levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFAs). In addition, PvSREBP silencing decreased transcript levels of several immune-related genes such as hemocyanin (PvHMC) and trypsin (PvTrypsin), as well as genes encoding for heat-shock proteins (i.e., PvHSP60, PvHSP70 and PvHSP90). Moreover, in silico analysis revealed the presence of SREBP binding motifs on the promoters of most of the dysregulated genes, while shrimp depleted of PvSREBP were more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Collectively, we demonstrated the involvement of shrimp SREBP in fatty acids metabolism and immune response, and propose that PvSREBP and PvHMC modulate each other through a feedback mechanism to establish homeostasis. The current study is the first to show the dual role of SREBP in fatty acid metabolism and immune response in invertebrates and crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiaohong Fan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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16
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Zhang Z, Yao D, Yang P, Zheng Z, Aweya JJ, Lun J, Ma H, Zhang Y. Nuclear receptor E75 is a transcription suppressor of the Litopenaeus vannamei small subunit hemocyanin gene. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:103662. [PMID: 32122820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a respiratory protein that possesses multiple physiological and immunological functions in shrimp. However, the transcriptional regulation of the hemocyanin gene is still poorly understood. Here, the nuclear receptor E75 of Litopenaeus vannamei (LvE75) was identified as one of the transcriptional regulators that modulates the transcription of the small molecular weight hemocyanin gene of L. vannamei (LvHMCs) by inhibiting its core promoter activity in a Dual-luciferase assay. In silico analysis revealed that the core promoter (designated HsP3), which is located at +1517/+1849 bp of LvHMCs contained a putative E75 binding motif ("ACGGAAT", spanning +1812/+1818 bp). Further, LvE75 was shown to inhibit the core promoter activity by direct binding. Importantly, in vivo silencing of LvE75 resulted in a significant upregulation in the mRNA and protein expression of LvHMCs gene. Taken together, our present results provide direct evidence that LvE75 is a transcriptional suppressor of the LvHMCs gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxue Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Peikui Yang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jingsheng Lun
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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17
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Yang P, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Wang F, Lun J, Hong Y, Sun K, Zhang Y. The krüppel-like factor of Penaeus vannamei negatively regulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene as part of shrimp immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:397-406. [PMID: 32201349 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a multifunctional respiratory glycoprotein, which has also been implicated in other biological functions in shrimp. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that hemocyanin is also involved in a broad range of immune-related activities in shrimp. However, in spite of the considerable interest in unraveling the reasons behind the multiple immune-related functions of hemocyanin, little is known about its transcriptional regulation. Here, DNA pull-down and Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were used to isolate and identify the putative transcription factor(s) that are involved in the transcriptional regulation of the small subunit hemocyanin gene of Penaeus vannamei (PvHMCs). Krüppel-like factor (designated PvKruppel), a zinc finger transcription factor homolog in P. vannamei, was identified among the putative transcription factors, while bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of Krüppel-like factor binding site (KLF motif) on the core promoter region of PvHMCs. Mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that PvKruppel could bind to the KLF motif on the core promoter region of PvHMCs. Moreover, in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, transcript levels of PvKruppel and PvHMCs were negatively correlated. Furthermore, overexpression of PvKruppel significantly reduced the promoter activity of PvHMCs, while PvKruppel knockdown by RNA interference or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation resulted in a significant increase in the transcript level of PvHMCs. Taken together, our present study provides mechanistic insights into the transcriptional regulation of PvHMCs by PvKruppel during shrimp immune response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikui Yang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jingsheng Lun
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yujian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Kaihui Sun
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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18
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Li R, Meng Q, Huang J, Wang S, Sun J. MMP-14 regulates innate immune responses to Eriocheir sinensis via tissue degradation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:301-309. [PMID: 32061873 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a cluster of enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and some intracellular proteins; as such, they play an important role in tissue regeneration, infant growth, animal reproduction, and immunity. Most research into MMPs focuses mainly on their effects on the mammalian immune system. However, it is not clear how MMPs affect immune processes in crustaceans. Here, we cloned the open reading frame (ORF) of Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) MMP-14 (EsMMP-14) to explore the role of MMPs in crustacean innate immune responses. RT-PCR results showed that stimulation of crab with LPS and poly I:C upregulated expression of EsMMP-14 markedly. Besides, following the stimulation of 20-Hydroxyecdysone, the expression level of EsMMP-14 increased robustly, suggesting that EsMMP-14 involved in the molt process of E. sinensis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of hepatopancreas and intestine revealed that knocking down EsMMP-14 maintained morphology following infection by Bacillus thuringiensis. Moreover, downregulated expression of EsMMP-14 increased the survival rate of infected E. sinensis. These results show that EsMMP-14 plays a role in innate immune responses of E. sinensis and fills a gap in our knowledge about the function of MMPs in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghao Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Tao M, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Wang F. A novel WSSV responsive plasma protein from Litopenaeus vannamei contributes to hemocytes anti-apoptosis. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:113-121. [PMID: 32113131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannamei, as an important marine aquaculture species, has attracted more and more attentions in past several years. More recently people got its genome fine mapping, which unveiled a gene treasure. In this study, we have identified a novel trypsin-like protein which came from previous WSSV-infected shrimp plasma iTRAQ data. This protein is a 39 kDa protein with 363 amino acids. It contains a conserved trypsin-domain and could be strongly induced with WSSV infection. Interestingly, knockdown of this protein made shrimps vulnerable to WSSV infection. Further exploration unveiled that this fragility was probably due to the fact that knockdown of this protein could cause shrimp hemocytes apoptosis, which indicated that this protein played key roles in preventing shrimp hemocytes from apoptosis. To further explore how LvTLAP protected shrimp hemocytes from apoptosis, GST pull down assay was applied to screen LvTLAP interacting protein in shrimp plasma. L. vannamei growth and transformation-dependent-like protein (LvGTD-like protein) was identified as a LvTLAP interacting protein, which played proapoptotic roles in cells. Thus, a possible explanation for LvTLAP anti-apoptosis activity was that this protein could block LvGTD-like protein proapoptotic activity to protect shrimp hemocytes from death. In general, our study has uncovered a novel WSSV responsive shrimp plasma protein, which played key roles in shrimp hemocytes anti-apoptosis and shrimp against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Tao
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yuqin Liang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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20
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Abstract
The copper-containing hemocyanins are proteins responsible for the binding, transportation and storage of dioxygen within the blood (hemolymph) of many invertebrates. Several additional functions have been attributed to both arthropod and molluscan hemocyanins, including (but not limited to) enzymatic activity (namely phenoloxidase), hormone transport, homeostasis (ecdysis) and hemostasis (clot formation). An important secondary function of hemocyanin involves aspects of innate immunity-such as acting as a precursor of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides and microbial/viral agglutination. In this chapter, we present the reader with an up-to-date synthesis of the known functions of hemocyanins and the structural features that facilitate such activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Elisa M Costa-Paiva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Zhao BR, Zheng Y, Gao J, Wang XW. Maturation of an Antimicrobial Peptide Inhibits Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Crayfish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:487-497. [PMID: 31852752 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid synthesis and release of active antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is an important strategy in innate immune. Processing of the precursor into the active form is a common posttranslational modification of AMPs in mammals. However, in invertebrates, the mechanism of AMP maturation is largely unknown. In the current study, to our knowledge, a novel potential AMP, designated as PcnAMP, was identified because of its significant induction by bacterial infection in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). PcnAMP was cleaved into a short fragment postinfection. Using the purified native peptide, this cleavage was found to be mediated by trypsin after synthesis. Proteolysis produced an N-terminal peptide that exerted the antibacterial function. Although the N-terminal peptide did not show significant similarity to any other sequences, it was predicted to have an overall helical structure and high amphipathicity, both of which are typical features of many AMPs. The N-terminal active peptide exhibited a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Atomic force microscope imaging and flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with the active form of PcnAMP led to the collapse of the bacterial cell wall and permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane. Thus, this study provided a new candidate for therapeutic agent development, and revealed new insights into the maturation of AMPs in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Rui Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; and
| | - Yi Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; and
| | - Jie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; and
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; and .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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22
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Rojo-Arreola L, Navarrete del Toro M, Cordova-Murueta J, García-Carreño F. Techniques for protein digestion research in Decapoda: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Fan J, Li X, Lu H, Lin R, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. N-terminal diversity of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin and immunity. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:360-368. [PMID: 31261021 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is primarily a respiratory copper-containing glycoprotein present in the hemolymph of mollusks and arthropods. Recently, hemocyanin has attracted huge research interest due to its multifunctionality and polymorphism. Most previous immune-related studies on shrimp hemocyanin have focused on the C-terminal. Moreover, we previously reported that the C-terminal domain of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin possesses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but little is known about the molecular diversity of the N-terminal domain. In the current study, diversity within the N-terminal domain of L. vannamei hemocyanin (LvHMC-N) was explored using bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques as well as immune challenge. Twenty-five LvHMC-N variants were identified using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and DNA sequencing, with multiple sequence alignment showing that the 25 variants shared 87%-99 % sequence homology with LvHMC (AJ250830.1). In different shrimp individuals and different shrimp tissues (i.e., hemocytes, stomach, muscle and hepatopancreas), the LvHMC-N variants were expressed differently. Pathogen challenge could modulate the molecular diversity of LvHMC-N, as three LvHMC-Nr variants (LvHMC-Nr1, LvHMC-Nr2 and LvHMC-Nr3) were identified by sequencing following Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. Most importantly, recombinant proteins of these three variants (rLvHMC-Nr1, rLvHMC-Nr2 and rLvHMC- Nr3) had relatively high in vitro agglutinative activities against V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Streptoccocus iniae. Our present data indicates that the N-terminus of L. vannamei hemocyanin also possess molecular diversity, which seems to be associated with immune resistance to pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaohong Fan
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xianmei Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ruihong Lin
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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24
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Wu B, Zhang C, Qin X, Shi L, Zhao M. Identification and function of penaeidin 3 and penaeidin 5 in Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:623-631. [PMID: 30991151 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) participate in immune defenses of invertebrate, vertebrate and plant species. As a kind of AMPs, penaeidins play important roles in innate immunity of shrimp. In this study, two penaeidin homologues termed FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 were cloned and identified from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis for the first time. The complete open reading frames (ORFs) of FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 were 216 bp and 240 bp, encoding 71 and 79 amino acids, respectively. Both FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 contain an N-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD) and a C-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD). The genome structure of FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 genes both consist of 2 exons and 1 intron. qPCR analysis showed that FmPEN3 was constitutively expressed but FmPEN5 transcripts were found only in hemocytes, gills, epidermis, nerve and pyloric cecum. The FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 expression were responsive to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Micrococcus lysodeikticus infection and their transcription levels were downregulated by RNAi silencing of the transcription factors FmDorsal and FmRelish. In addition, recombinant proteins of FmPEN3 (rFmPEN3) and FmPEN5 (rFmPEN5) were successfully expressed in E. coli. The antibacterial assays revealed that rFmPEN3 and rFmPEN5 could inhibit the growth of M. lysodeikticus but only rFmPEN5 could inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus in vitro. In summary, the results presented in this study indicated the functions of FmPEN3 and FmPEN5 played in anti-bacterial immunity of F. merguiensis, providing some insights into the function of AMPs in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China.
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25
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Zhang Z, Li R, Aweya JJ, Wang F, Zhong M, Zhang Y. Identification and characterization of glycosylation sites on Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:820-830. [PMID: 30901486 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory glycoprotein hemocyanin has been implicated in immune-related functions. Using lectin blotting, we show that the binding of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hemocyanin to concanavalin A decreases markedly with O-glycosidase treatment but not with PNGase F. Twelve O-glycosylation sites, three on the large hemocyanin subunit and nine on the small hemocyanin subunit (HMCs), were identified by LC-MS/MS. Importantly, when the glycosylation sites at Thr-537, Ser-539, and Thr-542 on the C terminus of HMCs were replaced with alanine, the resultant mutant hemocyanin had reduced carbohydrate content, coupled with a fourfold reduction in bacterial agglutination and 0.2-fold reduction in antibacterial activities toward Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggest that the glycosylation sites on shrimp hemocyanin are closely related to its immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Ruiwei Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
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26
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Zhan S, Aweya JJ, Wang F, Yao D, Zhong M, Chen J, Li S, Zhang Y. Litopenaeus vannamei attenuates white spot syndrome virus replication by specific antiviral peptides generated from hemocyanin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:50-61. [PMID: 30339874 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that hemocyanin plays immune-related functions apart from its canonical respiratory function. While shrimp hemocyanin is found to generate antimicrobial peptides, antiviral related peptides have not been reported. In the present study, the serum of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected Litopenaeus vannamei analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, revealed 45 consistently down-regulated protein spots and 10 up-regulated protein spots. Five of the significantly up-regulated spots were identified as hemocyanin derived peptides. One of the five peptides, designated LvHcL48, was further characterized by analyzing its primary sequence via Edman N-terminal sequencing, C-terminal sequencing and amino acid sequence alignment. LvHcL48 was found to be a 79 amino acid fragment (aa584-662) from the C-terminal domain of L. vannamei hemocyanin protein (ADZ15149). Both in vivo and in vitro functional studies revealed that LvHcL48 has immunological activities, as recombinant LvHcL48 protein (rLvHcL48) significantly inhibited the transcription of the WSSV genes wsv069 and wsv421 coupled with a significant reduction in WSSV copy numbers. Further analysis showed that LvHcL48 could interact with the WSSV envelope protein 28 (VP28). Our present data therefore reveals the generation of an antiviral hemocyanin derived peptide LvHcL48 from WSSV infected shrimp, which binds to the envelope protein VP28 of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Zhan
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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27
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Wang W, Aweya JJ, Su H, Zhao X, Zhong M, Zhang Y. Identification and immune-related analysis of SNPs in Litopenaeus vannamei Toll3 receptor. Immunol Lett 2018; 206:19-27. [PMID: 30550739 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tolls and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as innate immune-recognition receptors that recognize molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens, play a critical role in antimicrobial immune responses. Here, we report on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Litopenaeus vannamei Toll3 (LvToll3). Multiple sequence alignment of the L. vannamei Toll3 Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain (LvToll3-LRR-CT) with other L. vannamei Tolls LRR-CT domains showed 39.23% - 43.96% homology at the nucleic acid level and 20.31% - 30.00% identity at the amino acid level. Analysis of different shrimp tissues by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) revealed that LvToll3-LRR-CT had genetic polymorphisms at both the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (gDNA) and complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) levels. Further, high-throughput sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of 8 non-synonymous SNP (nsSNP) and 1 nsSNPs with frequency greater than 1% at the gDNA level, while 13 nsSNPs and 2 nsSNPs with frequency greater than 1% at the cDNA level. In silico analysis revealed that the α-helix secondary structure and tertiary structure of LvToll3 changed when 3 SNPs (C2039T, T2041C, T2228C) were mutated. Interestingly, 2 novel bands on PCR-DGGE, which were identified as 2 nsSNPs (C2140A, T2186A) were observed following challenge with Streptococcus iniae but not with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Moreover, the secondary and tertiary structures of LvToll3 changed when the nsSNP T2186A was mutated. The present findings therefore provide novel insight into the molecular basis of shrimp innate immune response to pathogens through the generation of specific SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huimin Su
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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28
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Liu S, Aweya JJ, Zheng L, Wang F, Zheng Z, Zhong M, Lun J, Zhang Y. A Litopenaeus vannamei Hemocyanin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide (Peptide B11) Attenuates Cancer Cells' Proliferation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123202. [PMID: 30563041 PMCID: PMC6321297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the immune response to pathogens and tumor cells; for this reason, they are being exploited for therapeutic use. In this study, we describe a Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin-derived peptide, denoted B11, which shares similar features with other anticancer peptides and attenuates the proliferation of cancer cells. Cell viability assay revealed that B11 significantly inhibited the proliferation of human cervical (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and human esophageal cancer (EC109) cancer cell lines, but not normal liver cell lines (T-antigen-immortalized human liver epithelial (THLE) cells or THLE-3), by inducing morphological changes, nuclear condensation, and margination, features which are indicative of apoptosis. Besides, peptide B11-induced apoptosis was confirmed by isothiocyanate-labeled Annexin V/propidium iodide (Annexin V-FITC/PI) double staining of HeLa cells. Moreover, cell uptake studies, confocal microscopy, and Western blot analysis revealed that rhodamine-labeled B11 permeated HeLa cells and localized to the mitochondria, causing mitochondria dysfunction through lost mitochondrial membrane potential, which consequently triggered the induction of apoptosis. Increased expression levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bax (Bcl-2-associated X) proteins, coupled with a decrease in Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) protein, confirmed that peptide B11 induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Thus, the hemocyanin-derived peptide, B11, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and inducing apoptotic cell death, for which reason it could be explored as an anticancer peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjie Liu
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Liyuan Zheng
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Jingsheng Lun
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Zheng Z, Xu W, Aweya JJ, Zhong M, Liu S, Lun J, Chen J, Zhang Y. Functional domains of Litopenaeus vannamei transglutaminase and their involvement in immunoregulation in shrimp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:168-175. [PMID: 30010014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shrimps, which mainly rely on their innate immune system to response to infectious pathogens, have clottable proteins as an important component of this system. While transglutaminases (TGase) are found in Litopenaeus vannamei and constitute part of the coagulation system, the specific immune-related roles played by its functional domains in the immunoregulation of shrimp has not been well understood. In the present study, we report that the Ig-like domain of L. vannamei transglutaminase (TGase-C) is the main immune-related domain among the three functional domains, as it had higher bacterial agglutinative activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Streptococcus iniae. Using Co-immunoprecipitation and LC-MS/MS analysis, TGase-C was shown to interact with 474 proteins, of which 52 proteins were annotated to L. vannamei. More than half of the L. vannamei annotated proteins have immune-related functions, including apoptosis. Further analysis using pull-down assay revealed that TGase-C interacted with CAP-3 (a homologue of caspase 3). In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of LvTGase significantly (p < 0.01) increased the expression level of LvCAP-3 coupled with a significant (p < 0.01) increase in caspase 3/7 activity, suggesting that probably LvTGase participates in shrimp immune response by modulating the activity of LvCAP-3. These findings thus suggest the Ig-like functional domain of L. vannamei's transglutaminase is the domain that is involved in immunoregulation in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zheng
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wenning Xu
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shangjie Liu
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jingsheng Lun
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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30
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Aweya JJ, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao D, Li S, Wang F. Identification and molecular characterization of the Pim1 serine/threonine kinase homolog in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:491-500. [PMID: 29355758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Pim1 serine/threonine kinase is associated with multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, immune regulation and inflammation in vertebrates. However, little is known about the role of Pim1 in invertebrate immunity. In this study, we identified and characterized for the first time, a Pim1 (LvPim1) gene in Litopenaeus vannamei, with a full-length cDNA of 2352 bp and a 1119 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 372 amino acids, which contains a typical serine/threonine kinase domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvPim1 shared a close evolutionary relationship with Pim1 from vertebrates. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that LvPim1 was widely expressed in all tissues tested; with its transcript level induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), thus, suggesting its probable involvement in shrimp immune response. Moreover, knockdown of LvPim1 resulted in increased hemocytes apoptosis; shown by high caspase3/7 activity, coupled with increase in pro-apoptotic LvCaspase3 and LvCytochrome C, and decrease in pro-survival LvBcl2, LvIAP1, and LvIAP2 mRNA expression in hemocytes. Finally, LvPim1 knockdown renders shrimps more susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Taken together, our present data strongly suggest that LvPim1 is involved in modulating shrimp resistance to pathogen infection, promote hemocytes survival, and therefore plays a role in shrimp immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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