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Chen K, Tian J, Shi Y, Xie T, Huang W, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Yuan G, Yan H, Wang J, Zou J. Distinct antiviral activities of IFNφ1 and IFNφ4 in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109396. [PMID: 38244820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of secreted cytokines that play a crucial role in antiviral immunity. Type I IFNs display functional disparities. In teleosts, type I IFNs are categorized into two subgroups containing one or two pairs of disulfide bonds. However, their functional differences have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we comparatively characterized the antiviral activities of zebrafish IFNφ1 and IFNφ4 belonging to the group I type I IFNs. It was found that ifnφ1 and ifnφ4 were differentially modulated during viral infection. Although both IFNφ1 and IFNφ4 activated JAK-STAT signaling pathway via CRFB1/CRFB5 receptor complex, IFNφ4 was less potent in inducing phosphorylation of STAT1a, STAT1b and STAT2 and the expression of antiviral genes than IFNφ1, thereby conferring weaker antiviral resistance of target cells. Taken together, our results provide insights into the functional divergence of type I IFNs in lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiayin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Teng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gaoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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2
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Huang S, Zheng R, Kang Y, Yang L, Gao J, Liu Q, Weng S, He J, Xie J. Orange-spotted grouper IFNh response to NNV or MSRV and its potential antiviral activities. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109345. [PMID: 38154761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) plays a crucial role in the antiviral immune response. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) are the most important viruses in cultured larvae and juveniles, causing great economic losses to fish farming. To better understand the antiviral activities and immunoregulatory role of IFN from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), EcIFNh was cloned from NNV infected sample. EcIFNh has an open reading frame (ORF) of 552 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 183 amino acids. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that EcIFNh was clustered into the IFNh branch. The tissue distribution analysis revealed that EcIFNh was highly expressed in the liver and brain of healthy orange-spotted grouper. The mRNA levels of EcIFNh were significantly upregulated after poly (I:C) stimulation and NNV or MSRV infection. Furthermore, the promoter of EcIFNh was characterized and significantly activated by EcMDA5, EcMAVS, EcSTING, EcIRF3, and EcIRF7 in the luciferase activity assays. We found that EcIFNh overexpression resisted the replication of NNV and MSRV, while EcIFNh silencing facilitated NNV replication in GB cells. In addition, EcIFNh recombinant protein (rEcIFNh) enhanced the immune response by inducing the expression of ISGs in vivo and in vitro, suggesting the potential application of rEcIFNh for anti-NNV and anti-MSRV. Taken together, our research may offer the foundation for virus-IFN system interaction in orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Yan L, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhao C, Zhang B, Qiu L. Antiviral functions of IFNd against ISKNV and interaction analysis of IFNd and its receptors in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108935. [PMID: 37454880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a significant role in antiviral innate immunity. But, the antiviral function of IFNd is controversial in teleosts. Here, we identified three IFNd receptors belonging to cytokine receptor family B (LmCRFB1, LmCRFB2, and LmCRFB5) in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). LmIFNd and its receptors were highly expressed in gill, spleen and head kidney tissues. Additionally, LmIFNd, its receptors, and their downstream signal genes (LmTYK2, LmJAK1, LmSTAT1, and LmSTAT2) were induced by infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. Injection of recombinant protein (LmIFNd-His) in vivo and incubation with the LmIFNd-His in vitro both induced expressions of IFN-stimulated genes (LmISGs). IFNd-His had a dose-dependent protective effect on the activity of brain cells infected by ISKNV and reduced the number of ISNKV copies. LmIFNd-His also bound to extracellular domains of the three receptors in vitro in the pull-down assay. LmIFNd-His preferentially induced ISG expression through receptor complex LmCRFB1 and LmCRFB5, followed by LmCRFB2 and LmCRFB5, to induce the expressions of LmISGs. Our results show that LmIFNd can enhance the antiviral immune response of spotted seabass, and it uses receptor complex LmCRFB1 and LmCRFB5 as well as LmCRFB2 and LmCRFB5 to induce LmISG expression. It is the first study about the antiviral function of LmIFNd and its receptor complex in spotted seabass, and it provides a reference for further studies of the controversial anti-viral function of IFNd in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing, China.
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4
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Chen J, Guan Y, Guan H, Mu Y, Ding Y, Zou J, Ouyang S, Chen X. Molecular and Structural Basis of Receptor Binding and Signaling of a Fish Type I IFN with Three Disulfide Bonds. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:806-819. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In mammals, type I IFNs, which commonly contain one or two disulfide bonds, activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway through binding to the common cell surface receptor formed by IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR)1 and IFNAR2 subunits. Although type I IFNs are also known to be essential for antiviral defense in teleost fish, very little is known about mechanisms underlying the recognition of fish type I IFNs by associated receptors. In this study, we demonstrate that a type I IFN of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (LcIFNi), belonging to a new subgroup of fish type I IFNs, triggers antiviral response via the conserved JAK-STAT pathway through stable binding with a heterodimeric receptor comprising subunits LcCRFB5 and LcCRFB2. LcIFNi binds to LcCRFB5 with a much higher affinity than to LcCRFB2. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structure of LcIFNi at a 1.39 Å resolution. The high-resolution structure is, to our knowledge, the first reported structure of a type I IFN with three disulfide bonds, all of which were found to be indispensable for folding and stability of LcIFNi. Using structural analysis, mutagenesis, and biochemical assays, we identified key LcIFNi residues involved in receptor interaction and proposed a structural model of LcIFNi bound to the LcCRFB2–LcCRFB5 receptor. The results show that LcIFNi–LcCRFB2 exhibits a similar binding pattern to human IFN-ω–IFNAR2, whereas the binding pattern of LcIFNi–LcCRFB5 is quite different from that of IFN-ω–IFNAR1. Altogether, our findings reveal the structural basis for receptor interaction and signaling of a type I IFN with three disulfide bonds and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying type I IFN recognition in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Chen
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Guan
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- †Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Ding
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Zou
- ‡Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Songying Ouyang
- †Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- §Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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5
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Wang Z, Xu J, Feng J, Wu K, Chen K, Jia Z, Zhu X, Huang W, Zhao X, Liu Q, Wang B, Chen X, Wang J, Zou J. Structural and Functional Analyses of Type I IFNa Shed Light Into Its Interaction With Multiple Receptors in Fish. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862764. [PMID: 35392096 PMCID: PMC8980424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost type I interferons (IFNs) are categorized into group I and II subgroups that bind to distinct receptors to activate antiviral responses. However, the interaction between ifn ligands and receptors has not fully been understood. In this study, the crystal structure of grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idella (Ci)] IFNa has been solved at 1.58Å and consists of six helices. The CiIFNa displays a typical structure of type I IFNs with a straight helix F and lacks a helix element in the AB loop. Superposition modeling identified several key residues involved in the interaction with receptors. It was found that CiIFNa bound to cytokine receptor family B (CRFB) 1, CRFB2, and CRFB5, and the three receptors could form heterodimeric receptor complexes. Furthermore, mutation of Leu27, Glu103, Lys117, and His165 markedly decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1a induced by CiIFNa in the Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells, and Glu103 was shown to be required for the CiIFNa-activated antiviral activity. Interestingly, wild-type and mutant CiIFNa proteins did not alter the phosphorylation levels of STAT1b. Our results demonstrate that fish type I IFNs, although structurally conserved, interact with the receptors in a manner that may differ from mammalian homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaizheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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6
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Stosik M, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. Type I interferons in ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 110:35-43. [PMID: 33387659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins of vital importance in the body's immune response. They are formed in different types of cells and have been found in fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Two types of IFN have been found in ray-finned fish (Superclass: Osteichthyes, Class: Actinopterygii) so far, i.e. IFN type I (IFN I) and IFN type II (IFN II), while the presence of IFN type III (IFN III), which is found in phylogenetically older cartilaginous fishes, was not confirmed in this taxonomic group of vertebrates. Currently, type I IFN in Actinopterygii is divided into three groups, I, II and III, within which there are subgroups. These cytokines in these animals show primarily antiviral activity through the use of a signalling pathway JAK-STAT (Janus kinases - Signal transducer and activator of transcription) and the ability to induce ISG (IFN-stimulated genes) expression, which contain ISRE complexes (IFN-stimulated response elements). On the other hand, in Perciformes and Cyprinidae, it was found that type I/I interferons also participate in the antimicrobial response, inter alia, by inducing the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and influencing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells carrying out the phagocytosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Stosik
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | | | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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7
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Gan Z, Cheng J, Xia L, Kwok KW, Lu Y, Nie P. Unique duplication of IFNh genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reveals lineage-specific evolution of IFNh in perciform fishes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:36-42. [PMID: 32941975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish appear to harbour a complex type I IFN repertoire containing subgroups a, b, c, d, e, f, and h, and IFNh is only reported in perciform fishes. However, no multiple copies of IFNh gene has been identified in fish to date. In this study, two IFNh genes named On-IFNh1 and On-IFNh2 were cloned from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The predicted proteins of On-IFNh1 and On-IFNh2 contain several structural features known in type I IFNs, and estimation of divergence time revealed that these two genes may have arisen from a much recent local duplication event. On-IFNh genes were constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression level observed in gill, and were rapidly induced in all organs/tissues tested following the stimulation of poly(I:C). In addition, both recombinant On-IFNh1 and On-IFNh2 trigger a relative delayed but sustained induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whereas recombinant On-IFNc elicits a rapid and transient expression of ISGs in vivo. The present study thus contributes to a better understanding of the functional properties of tilapia interferons, and also provides a new insight into the evolution of IFNh in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kevin Wh Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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8
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Liu F, Wang T, Petit J, Forlenza M, Chen X, Chen L, Zou J, Secombes CJ. Evolution of IFN subgroups in bony fish - 2. analysis of subgroup appearance and expansion in teleost fish with a focus on salmonids. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:564-573. [PMID: 32001354 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A relatively large repertoire of type I interferon (IFN) genes is apparent in rainbow trout/Atlantic salmon, that includes six different IFN subgroups (IFNa-IFNf) belonging to the three known type I IFN groups (1-3) in bony fish. Whether this is true for other salmonids, and how the various type I subgroups evolved in teleost fish was studied using the extensive genomic resources available for fish. This confirmed that salmonids, at least the Salmoninae, indeed have a complex (in terms of IFN subgroups present) and large (number of genes) IFN repertoire relative to other teleost fish. This is in part a consequence of the salmonid 4 R WGD that duplicated the growth hormone (GH) locus in which type I IFNs are generally located. Divergence of the IFN genes at the two GH loci was apparent but was not seen in common carp, a species that also underwent an independent 4 R WGD. However, expansion of IFN gene number can be found at the CD79b locus of some perciform fish (both freshwater and marine), with expansion of the IFNd gene repertoire. Curiously the primordial gene order of GH-IFNc-IFNb-IFNa-IFNe is largely retained in many teleost lineages and likely reflects the tandem duplications that are taking place to increase IFN gene number. With respect to the evolution of the IFN subgroups, a complex acquisition and/or loss has occurred in different teleost lineages, with complete loss of IFN genes at the GH or CD79b locus in some species, and reduction to a single IFN subgroup in others. It becomes clear that there are many variations to be discovered regarding the mechanisms by which fish elicit protective (antiviral) immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jules Petit
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Wageningen University & Research, Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708WD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK.
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Liu F, Bols NC, Pham PH, Secombes CJ, Zou J. Evolution of IFN subgroups in bony fish - 1:Group I-III IFN exist in early ray-finned fish, with group II IFN subgroups present in the Holostean spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:163-170. [PMID: 31626921 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study helps clarify when the fish type I IFN groups/subgroups evolved, by examination of the IFN genes present in the Holostean spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus, in relation to the IFN genes present in the Chondrostea (sturgeon). It confirms that all three IFN groups (I-III), and group II subgroups, existed prior to the appearance of teleost fish. Preliminary expression analysis in a gar cell line (GARL) suggests these IFN genes will have a role in antiviral defence in Holostean fish, in that they are induced by poly(I:C). A refined model of IFN evolution within the actinopterygian fish is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Phuc H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Zhou Y, Jiang N, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Xu C, Liu W, Zeng L. Identification, expression profiles and antiviral activities of a type I IFN from gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:78-86. [PMID: 31039439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons, as a class of multipotent cytokines, play a key role in host antiviral immune responses. In this study, a type I IFN coding gene of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, CagIFNa was cloned and sequenced. The full-length cDNA sequence of CagIFNa consists of 724 nucleotides that encode a predicted protein of 183 amino acids. CagIFNa has two highly conserved cysteine residues in the deduced protein, which is mostly conserved in the fish group I type I IFNs. CagIFNa was identified as a member of the IFNa subgroup of group I type I IFNs by phylogenetic analysis. CagIFNa transcripts were detected in all investigated tissues with higher levels in the liver, intestine, spleen and head kidney of gibel carp. Following injection with Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), CagIFNa gene expression was significantly inhibited in the spleen but delayed and then increased in head kidneys. Similarly, while CagIFNa expression was rapidly induced in gibel carp brain (GiCB) cells by poly I:C stimulation and its high induction level was delayed following CyHV-2 infection. CagIFNa overexpression in GiCB cells drastically reduced virus CPE and titer. Furthermore, several genes associated with type I IFN signaling pathway including IRF3, IRF7, IRF9, STAT1, Mx1 and PKR were induced in GiCB cells overexpressing CagIFNa upon CyHV-2 infection. These results show that CagIFNa plays a role in antiviral immune system in gibel carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, PR China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, PR China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, PR China
| | - Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, PR China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, PR China.
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Ding Y, Guan Y, Huang X, Ao J, Chen X. Characterization and function of a group II type I interferon in the perciform fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:152-159. [PMID: 30448445 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish possess two groups of type I interferons (IFNs) with two (group I IFNs) or four (group II IFNs) conserved cysteines, which are further classified into seven subgroups. In our previous study, two group I type I IFNs, LcIFNd and LcIFNh (a new subgroup member), were identified in the perciform fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Here, we identified a group II type I IFN, LcIFNc, in this species. The deduced LcIFNc contained six cysteines, four of which are highly conserved (C1: C28, C2:C53, C3: C130, and C4:C159) in the fish group II type I IFNs, and a typical type I IFN signature motif was also found in it. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LcIFNc belongs to the IFNc subgroup of fish group II type I IFNs. LcIFNc was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, and was rapidly up-regulated in spleen and head kidney by poly(I:C) and Aeromonas hydrophila. Recombinant LcIFNc protein (rLcIFNc) could increase the expression of antiviral genes, Mx1, PKR and ISG15, in large yellow croaker peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). The rLcIFNc also exhibited obvious antiviral activity based on less cytopathic effect (CPE) and decreased expression levels of several viral genes in the rLcIFNc-treated grouper spleen (GS) cells following Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. Additionally, rLcIFNc was able to induce the expression of LcIFNc, as well as LcIFNd and LcIFNh in the PBLs and primary head kidney cells (HKCs) from large yellow croaker. These results therefore indicated that LcIFNc not only had antiviral activity, but also mediated the regulation of type I IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Yanyun Guan
- Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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12
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Xu Q, Luo K, Zhang S, Gao W, Zhang W, Wei Q. Sequence analysis and characterization of type I interferon and type II interferon from the critically endangered sturgeon species, A. dabryanus and A. sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:390-403. [PMID: 30336282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we identify three type I interferon (IFN) genes (Ad/AsIFNe1-3) and a type II IFN gene (Ad/AsIFNγ) from the Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) and the Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). Sequence analysis revealed that Ad/AsIFNe1-3 and Ad/AsIFNγ contain several conserved characteristics, including signal peptides, interferon alpha, beta, and delta (IFabd) domains, and N-glycosylation sites. Ad/AsIFNe1-3 belongs to the type I IFN group I subgroup, possessing two conserved cysteines residues (C1 and C3), and Ad/AsIFNγ contained a conserved nuclear localization sequence (NLS) motif. Ad/AsIFNe1-3 and Ad/AsIFNγ contain signature motifs indicative of their corresponding IFN group. The Ad/AsIFNe1-3 and Ad/AsIFNγ genes were found to consist of 5 exons/4 introns and 4 exons/3 introns, respectively. These IFNs were separated by four phase 0 introns (type I IFN) and three phase 0 introns (type II IFN). The sequences of IFNe1-3 and IFNγ from the Dabry's sturgeon and the Chinese sturgeon were closely aligned, suggested that these two species are closely related. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ad/AsIFNe1-3 and Ad/AsIFNγ clustered together with the corresponding homologous proteins from other fish species. AdIFNe1-3 were found to be high expressed in early embryonic development, suggesting that AdIFNe1-3 might indicate maternal transmission, while AdIFNγ may not mediate embryonic development. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that AdIFNe1-3 and AdIFNγ carry out biological functions in immune and non-immune tissues compartments. AdIFNe1-3 and AdIFNγ can be stimulated by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). AdIFNe1-3 have stronger antiviral activity than AdIFNγ, and AdIFNγ has a stronger antibacterial activity than AdIFNe1-3. The differential responses of these genes to poly I:C and LPS suggest differences in the mechanisms of defense against viruses and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqing Xu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai, 536006, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kai Luo
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China.
| | - Shuhuan Zhang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai, 536006, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Education Ministry of China), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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