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Mistri D, Margoni M, Pagani E, Valsasina P, Meani A, Moiola L, Filippi M, Rocca MA. Structural and functional imaging features of cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:1840-1851. [PMID: 38804116 PMCID: PMC11251463 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify the clinical and MRI features of the distinct cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis (pedMS). METHODS PedMS patients (n = 73) and healthy controls (n = 30) underwent clinical examination and 3.0T MRI. All patients completed neuropsychological testing, and cognitive phenotypes were identified by performing K-means clustering on cognitive scores. MRI metrics included brain T2-hyperintese lesion volume and normalized brain volumes. Within seven cognitively relevant cortical networks, structural disconnectivity (i.e., the mean percentage of streamlines connecting each pair of cortical regions passing through a lesion) and resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) were estimated. RESULTS Three cognitive phenotypes emerged: Preserved cognition (PC; n = 27, 37%), mild verbal learning and memory/semantic fluency involvement (MVS; n = 28, 38%), and multidomain involvement (MI; n = 18, 25%). Age, sex, and disease duration did not differ among groups. Compared with healthy subjects, PC patients had decreased RS FC within the default mode network (p = 0.045); MVS patients exhibited lower cortical volume and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p = 0.045); and MI patients showed decreased volumes in all brain compartments except the hippocampus, and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC, MI patients had more severe disability and higher structural disconnectivity within four cortical networks (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC and MVS, MI patients had lower intelligence quotient (all p ≤ 0.005). INTERPRETATION We identified three cognitive phenotypes in pedMS that demonstrate the existence of a spectrum of impairment. Such phenotypes showed distinct clinical and MRI characteristics that contributed to explain their cognitive profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Mistri
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Monica Margoni
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurorehabilitation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Paola Valsasina
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Alessandro Meani
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Lucia Moiola
- Neurology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurorehabilitation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurophysiology ServiceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Maria A. Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
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Tan Q, Li W, Nygaard M, An P, Feitosa M, Wojczynski MK, Zmuda J, Arbeev K, Ukraintseva S, Yashin A, Christensen K, Mengel-From J. Genome-Wide Epistatic Network Analyses of Semantic Fluency in Older Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5257. [PMID: 38791296 PMCID: PMC11120839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Semantic fluency impairment has been attributed to a wide range of neurocognitive and psychiatric conditions, especially in the older population. Moderate heritability estimates on semantic fluency were obtained from both twin and family-based studies suggesting genetic contributions to the observed variation across individuals. Currently, effort in identifying the genetic variants underlying the heritability estimates for this complex trait remains scarce. Using the semantic fluency scale and genome-wide SNP genotype data from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and epistasis network analysis on semantic fluency in 2289 individuals aged over 60 years from the American LLFS cohorts and replicated the findings in 1129 individuals aged over 50 years from the Danish LLFS cohort. In the GWAS, two SNPs with genome-wide significance (rs3749683, p = 2.52 × 10-8; rs880179, p = 4.83 × 10-8) mapped to the CMYAS gene on chromosome 5 were detected. The epistasis network analysis identified five modules as significant (4.16 × 10-5 < p < 7.35 × 10-3), of which two were replicated (p < 3.10 × 10-3). These two modules revealed significant enrichment of tissue-specific gene expression in brain tissues and high enrichment of GWAS catalog traits, e.g., obesity-related traits, blood pressure, chronotype, sleep duration, and brain structure, that have been reported to associate with verbal performance in epidemiological studies. Our results suggest high tissue specificity of genetic regulation of gene expression in brain tissues with epistatic SNP networks functioning jointly in modifying individual verbal ability and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (W.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.); (J.M.-F.)
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Weilong Li
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (W.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.); (J.M.-F.)
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (W.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.); (J.M.-F.)
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (P.A.); (M.F.); (M.K.W.)
| | - Mary Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (P.A.); (M.F.); (M.K.W.)
| | - Mary K. Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (P.A.); (M.F.); (M.K.W.)
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NA 27708, USA; (K.A.); (S.U.); (A.Y.)
| | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NA 27708, USA; (K.A.); (S.U.); (A.Y.)
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NA 27708, USA; (K.A.); (S.U.); (A.Y.)
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (W.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.); (J.M.-F.)
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (W.L.); (M.N.); (K.C.); (J.M.-F.)
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Kimura N, Takahashi Y, Usui N, Matsuda K, Otani H, Kasai Y, Kondo A, Imai K, Takita J. Neuropsychological outcome after frontal surgery for pediatric-onset epilepsy with focal cortical dysplasia in adolescent and young adult. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109687. [PMID: 38368791 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated neuropsychological outcome in patients with pharmacoresistant pediatric-onset epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), who underwent frontal lobe resection during adolescence and young adulthood. METHODS Twenty-seven patients were studied, comprising 15 patients who underwent language-dominant side resection (LDR) and 12 patients who had languagenondominant side resection (n-LDR). We evaluated intelligence (language function, arithmetic ability, working memory, processing speed, visuo-spatial reasoning), executive function, and memory in these patients before and two years after resection surgery. We analyzed the relationship between neuropsychological outcome and resected regions (side of language dominance and location). RESULTS Although 75% of the patients showed improvement or no change in individual neuropsychological tests after surgical intervention, 25% showed decline. The cognitive tests that showed improvement or decline varied between LDR and n-LDR. In patients who had LDR, decline was observed in Vocabulary and Phonemic Fluency (both 5/15 patients), especially after resection of ventrolateral frontal cortex, and improvement was observed in WCST-Category (7/14 patients), Block Design (6/15 patients), Digit Symbol (4/15 patients), and Delayed Recall (3/9 patients). In patients who underwent n-LDR, improvement was observed in Vocabulary (3/12 patients), but decline was observed in Block Design (2/9 patients), and WCST-Category (2/9 patients) after resection of dorsolateral frontal cortex; and Arithmetic (3/10 patients) declined after resection of dorsolateral frontal cortex or ventrolateral frontal cortex. General Memory (3/8 patients), Visual Memory (3/8 patients), Delayed Recall (3/8 patients), Verbal Memory (2/9 patients), and Digit Symbol (3/12 patients) also declined after n-LDR. CONCLUSION Postoperative changes in cognitive function varied depending on the location and side of the resection. For precise presurgical prediction of neuropsychological outcome after surgery, further prospective studies are needed to accumulate data of cognitive changes in relation to the resection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobusuke Kimura
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan; Naniwa Ikuno Hospital, Daikoku 1-10-3, Naniwa-ku, Oosaka 556-0014, Japan.
| | - Yukitoshi Takahashi
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Naotaka Usui
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Matsuda
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Otani
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Kasai
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Imai
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorder, Urushiyama 886, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Junko Takita
- Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawahara-cho 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Skrbic R, Bugarski-Ignjatovic V, Komazec Z, Veselinovic M. Verbal, Figural, and Arithmetic Fluency of Children with Cochlear Implants. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050349. [PMID: 37232588 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implantation gives children with prelingual severe hearing loss and deafness the opportunity to develop their hearing abilities, speech, language, cognitive abilities and academic skills with adequate rehabilitation. The aim of the research was to analyze verbal, figural and arithmetic fluency and their interrelationship in children with a cochlear implant (CI) and children with normal hearing (NH). A total of 46 children with CI and 110 children with NH, aged 9 to 16, participated in the research. Verbal fluency was assessed using phonemic and semantic fluency, and non-verbal fluency using figural fluency. Arithmetic fluency was assessed using simple arithmetic tasks within the number range up to 100. The results showed that children with CI achieved poorer results in phonemic fluency (z = -4.92; p < 0.001), semantic fluency (z = -3.89; p < 0.001), figural fluency (z = -3.07; p = 0.002), and arithmetic fluency (z = -4.27; p < 0.001). In both groups, a positive correlation was obtained between the measured modalities and types of fluency. In the group of children with CI, a sex difference was obtained on the phonemic fluency test, in favor of girls. The age of children with CI was correlated with arithmetic fluency. Verbal, figural and arithmetic fluency of children with CI speak in favor of the importance of early auditory and language experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Skrbic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21 137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vojislava Bugarski-Ignjatovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21 137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21 137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Komazec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21 137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21 137 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mila Veselinovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21 137 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21 137 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Shekari E, Nozari N. A narrative review of the anatomy and function of the white matter tracts in language production and comprehension. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1139292. [PMID: 37051488 PMCID: PMC10083342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1139292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the role of cortical areas in language processing. The shift towards network approaches in recent years has highlighted the importance of uncovering the role of white matter in connecting these areas. However, despite a large body of research, many of these tracts’ functions are not well-understood. We present a comprehensive review of the empirical evidence on the role of eight major tracts that are hypothesized to be involved in language processing (inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, extreme capsule, middle longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, and frontal aslant tract). For each tract, we hypothesize its role based on the function of the cortical regions it connects. We then evaluate these hypotheses with data from three sources: studies in neurotypical individuals, neuropsychological data, and intraoperative stimulation studies. Finally, we summarize the conclusions supported by the data and highlight the areas needing further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shekari
- Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazbanou Nozari
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nazbanou Nozari
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Plachti A, Baaré WFC, Johansen LB, Thompson WK, Siebner HR, Madsen KS. Stability of associations between neuroticism and microstructural asymmetry of the cingulum during late childhood and adolescence: Insights from a longitudinal study with up to 11 waves. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1548-1564. [PMID: 36426846 PMCID: PMC9921236 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by significant brain development and marks a period of the life span with an increased incidence of mood disorders, especially in females. The risk of developing mood disorders is also higher in individuals scoring high on neuroticism, a personality trait characterized by a tendency to experience negative and anxious emotions. We previously found in a cross-sectional study that neuroticism is associated with microstructural left-right asymmetry of the fronto-limbic white matter involved in emotional processing, with opposite effects in female and male adolescents. We now have extended this work collecting longitudinal data in 76 typically developing children and adolescents aged 7-18 years, including repeated MRI sampling up to 11 times. This enabled us, for the first time, to address the critical question, whether the association between neuroticism and frontal-limbic white matter asymmetry changes or remains stable across late childhood and adolescence. Neuroticism was assessed up to four times and showed good intraindividual stability and did not significantly change with age. Conforming our cross-sectional results, females scoring high on neuroticism displayed increased left-right cingulum fractional anisotropy (FA), while males showed decreased left-right cingulum FA asymmetry. Despite ongoing age-related increases in FA in cingulum, the association between neuroticism and cingulum FA asymmetry was already expressed in females in late childhood and remained stable across adolescence. In males, the association appeared to become more prominent during adolescence. Future longitudinal studies need to cover an earlier age span to elucidate the time point at which the relationship between neuroticism and cingulum FA asymmetry arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plachti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Baruël Johansen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Division of Biostatistics, Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California San Diego, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fuhrmann D, Madsen KS, Johansen LB, Baaré WFC, Kievit RA. The midpoint of cortical thinning between late childhood and early adulthood differs between individuals and brain regions: Evidence from longitudinal modelling in a 12-wave neuroimaging sample. Neuroimage 2022; 261:119507. [PMID: 35882270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charting human brain maturation between childhood and adulthood is a fundamental prerequisite for understanding the rapid biological and psychological changes during human development. Two barriers have precluded the quantification of maturational trajectories: demands on data and demands on estimation. Using high-temporal resolution neuroimaging data of up to 12-waves in the HUBU cohort (N = 90, aged 7-21 years) we investigate changes in apparent cortical thickness across childhood and adolescence. Fitting a four-parameter logistic nonlinear random effects mixed model, we quantified the characteristic, s-shaped, trajectory of cortical thinning in adolescence. This approach yields biologically meaningful parameters, including the midpoint of cortical thinning (MCT), which corresponds to the age at which the cortex shows most rapid thinning - in our sample occurring, on average, at 14 years of age. These results show that, given suitable data and models, cortical maturation can be quantified with precision for each individual and brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fuhrmann
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - K S Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Sigurdsgade 26, DK-2200, Copenhagen N., Denmark
| | - L B Johansen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - W F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - R A Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mackiewicz Seghete KL, Filbey FM, Hudson KA, Hyun B, Feldstein Ewing SW. Time for a paradigm shift: The adolescent brain in addiction treatment. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102960. [PMID: 35172248 PMCID: PMC8850747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One route to improve adolescent addiction treatment outcomes is to use translational approaches to help identify developmental neuroscience mechanisms that undergird active treatment ingredients and advance adolescent behavior change. METHODS This sample included 163 adolescents (ages 15-19) randomized to motivational interviewing (MI) vs. brief adolescent mindfulness (BAM). Youth completed an fMRI paradigm assessing adolescent brain response to therapist language (complex reflection vs. mindful; complex reflection vs. confront; mindful vs. confront) at pre- (prior to the completion of the full intervention) and post-treatment (at 3-month follow-up) and behavioral measures at 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Youth in both treatment groups showed significant problem drinking reductions at 3 and 6 months, but MI youth demonstrated significantly better treatment outcomes than BAM youth at 12 months. We observed several significant treatment group differences (MI > BAM) in neural response to therapist language, including at pre-treatment when examining complex reflection vs. mindful, and complex reflection vs. confront (e.g., superior temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus); and at post-treatment when examining mindful vs. confront (e.g., supplementary motor area; middle frontal gyrus). When collapsed across treatment groups (MI + BAM), we observed significant differences by time, with youth showing a pattern of brain change in response to complex reflection vs. mindful, and complex reflection vs. confront (e.g., precuneus; postcentral gyrus). There was no evidence of a significant group × time interaction. However, brain change in response to therapist language (complex reflection vs. confront) in regions such as middle frontal gyrus, was associated with reductions in problem drinking at 12 months. Yet, few treatment group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the need to better understand therapist language and it's impact on the developing brain, in order to inform and aggregate the most impactful elements of addiction treatment for future treatment development for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Mackiewicz Seghete
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, M/C UHN80R1, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Karen A Hudson
- Departments of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
| | - Benedict Hyun
- Departments of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Departments of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
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Mundorf A, Peterburs J, Ocklenburg S. Asymmetry in the Central Nervous System: A Clinical Neuroscience Perspective. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:733898. [PMID: 34970125 PMCID: PMC8712556 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.733898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent large-scale neuroimaging studies suggest that most parts of the human brain show structural differences between the left and the right hemisphere. Such structural hemispheric asymmetries have been reported for both cortical and subcortical structures. Interestingly, many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders have been associated with altered functional hemispheric asymmetries. However, findings concerning the relation between structural hemispheric asymmetries and disorders have largely been inconsistent, both within specific disorders as well as between disorders. In the present review, we compare structural asymmetries from a clinical neuroscience perspective across different disorders. We focus especially on recent large-scale neuroimaging studies, to concentrate on replicable effects. With the notable exception of major depressive disorder, all reviewed disorders were associated with distinct patterns of alterations in structural hemispheric asymmetries. While autism spectrum disorder was associated with altered structural hemispheric asymmetries in a broader range of brain areas, most other disorders were linked to more specific alterations in brain areas related to cognitive functions that have been associated with the symptomology of these disorders. The implications of these findings are highlighted in the context of transdiagnostic approaches to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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