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Li J, Lardon R, Mangelinckx S, Geelen D. A practical guide to the discovery of biomolecules with biostimulant activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3797-3817. [PMID: 38630561 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable solutions in agriculture, which are critical for crop productivity and food quality in the face of climate change and the need to reduce agrochemical usage, has brought biostimulants into the spotlight as valuable tools for regenerative agriculture. With their diverse biological activities, biostimulants can contribute to crop growth, nutrient use efficiency, and abiotic stress resilience, as well as to the restoration of soil health. Biomolecules include humic substances, protein lysates, phenolics, and carbohydrates have undergone thorough investigation because of their demonstrated biostimulant activities. Here, we review the process of the discovery and development of extract-based biostimulants, and propose a practical step-by-step pipeline that starts with initial identification of biomolecules, followed by extraction and isolation, determination of bioactivity, identification of active compound(s), elucidation of mechanisms, formulation, and assessment of effectiveness. The different steps generate a roadmap that aims to expedite the transfer of interdisciplinary knowledge from laboratory-scale studies to pilot-scale production in practical scenarios that are aligned with the prevailing regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Lardon
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Stolzke T, Brandenbusch C. Simplified choice of suitable excipients within biologics formulation design using protein-protein interaction- and water activity-maps. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:153-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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3
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Schleinitz M, Nolte L, Brandenbusch C. Predicting protein-protein interactions using the ePC-SAFT equation-of-state. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Floyd JA, Shaver JM, Gillespie AJ, Park U, Rogers RS, Nightlinger NS, Ogata Y, James JJ, Kerwin BA. Evaluation of Crystal Zenith Microtiter Plates for High-Throughput Formulation Screening. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:532-542. [PMID: 31669607 PMCID: PMC6941220 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Formulation screening for biotherapeutics can cover a vast array of excipients and stress conditions. These studies consume quantities of limited material and, with higher concentrated therapeutics, more material is needed. Here, we evaluate the use of crystal zenith (CZ) microtiter plates in conjunction with FluoroTec-coated butyl rubber mats as a small-volume, high-throughput system for formulation stability studies. The system was studied for evaporation, edge effects, and stability with comparisons to type 1 glass and CZ vials for multiple antibodies and formulations. Evaporation was minimal at 4°C and could be reduced at elevated temperatures using sealed, mylar bags. Edge effects were not observed until 12 weeks at 40°C. The overall stability ranking as measured by the rate of change in high molecular weight and percent main peak species was comparable across both vials and plates at 4°C and 40°C out to 12 weeks. Product quality attributes as measured by the multi-attribute method were also comparable across all containers for each molecule formulation. A potential difference was measured for subvisible particle analysis, with the plates measuring lower particle counts than the vials. Overall, CZ plates are a viable alternative to traditional vials for small-volume, high-throughput formulation stability screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Unjy Park
- Just Biotherapeutics, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98109
| | | | | | - Yuko Ogata
- Just Biotherapeutics, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98109
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Schleinitz M, Sadowski G, Brandenbusch C. Protein-protein interactions and water activity coefficients can be used to aid a first excipient choice in protein formulations. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118608. [PMID: 31415881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With respect to all biopharmaceuticals marketed to date, monoclonal antibodies represent the largest fraction with more than 48% market share (2012). However, the development of biopharmaceutical formulations is a challenging task, and time-consuming and cost-intensive high-throughput screenings are still state-of-the-art in formulation design. These screening techniques are almost exclusively based on heuristic decisions thus the benefit in terms of mechanistic understanding is often unclear. It requires novel, physical-sound methods to enhance/optimize future formulation development, ideally by understanding molecular interactions in these complex solutions. A suitable and evaluated measure-of-choice to characterize protein-protein interactions in aqueous protein solutions is the second osmotic virial coefficient B22 which can be measured using static light scattering techniques. Furthermore B22 can be modeled/predicted via the extended mxDLVO model for protein-protein interactions in the presence of single excipients and excipient-mixtures. Building up on this approach, giving an additional insight into water-water and water-excipient interactions, the thermodynamic equation-of-state ePC-SAFT is used to calculate water activity coefficients in the presence of excipient-mixtures. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was chosen as a model protein to predict B22-values for IgG in the presence of model excipient-mixtures (trehalose-NaCl, l-histidine-trehalose, l-histidine-NaCl). The combination of water activity coefficients and B22 allows to quickly identify a first guess on suitable formulation conditions that then can be further evaluated with existing methods/knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miko Schleinitz
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Brandenbusch
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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6
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Schleinitz M, Teschner D, Sadowski G, Brandenbusch C. Second osmotic virial coefficients of therapeutic proteins in the presence of excipient-mixtures can be predicted to aid an efficient formulation design. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sahin Z, Neeleman R, Haines J, Kayser V. Preparation-free method can enable rapid surfactant screening during industrial processing of influenza vaccines. Vaccine 2019; 37:1073-1079. [PMID: 30685250 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Triton X-100 (TX-100) is the most common surfactant used to split viruses during the production of influenza split-virus vaccines. It is a mild surfactant not known to denature the viral proteins; this property makes TX-100 useful for maintaining antigen conformational structure, and, as an added benefit, for partially stabilizing vaccine formulations against protein aggregation. Despite its benefits, TX-100 needs to be filtered out after virus splitting has been achieved, due to its toxicity in large quantities. Accordingly, residual TX-100 presence in vaccine formulations has implications for both formulation stability and safety, necessitating both accurate screening during processing to guide decision-making about filtration repeats and accurate quantitation in the final product. Accurate HPLC-based methods are used successfully for the latter but their use for routine screening during processing is far from ideal because they often require extensive sample preparation and are fairly slow, complicated and costly. Here, "deconstruction" of UV-Vis absorption spectra into components corresponding to different absorbing "species" is demonstrated as a novel and viable method for routine TX-100 screening in vaccine samples from different industrial processing steps. This method is fairly accurate and, more importantly, preparation-free, rapid, simple/user-friendly and comparatively inexpensive. It is evaluated in depth in terms of applicability conditions, limitations and potential for high-throughput adaptation as well as generalization to other complex biopharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Sahin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Sahin Z, Akkoc S, Neeleman R, Haines J, Kayser V. Nile Red fluorescence spectrum decomposition enables rapid screening of large protein aggregates in complex biopharmaceutical formulations like influenza vaccines. Vaccine 2017; 35:3026-3032. [PMID: 28476626 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The extensive presence of large (high molecular weight) protein aggregates in biopharmaceutical formulations is a concern for formulation stability and possibly safety. Tests to screen large aggregate content in such bioformulations are therefore needed for rapid and reliable quality control in industrial settings. Herein, non-commercial seasonal influenza split-virus vaccine samples, produced using various strains and extracted from selected industrial processing steps, were used as model complex bioformulations. Orthogonal characterization through transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography and single-radial immunodiffusion revealed that large, amorphous protein aggregates are formed after virus splitting and their presence is linked mainly, albeit not only, to surfactant (Triton X-100) content in a sample. Importantly, the presence of large virus aggregates in purified whole virus samples and large protein aggregates in vaccine samples was found to correlate with broadening/shouldering in Nile Red fluorescence spectra. Accordingly, decomposition of Nile Red spectra into components allowed the development of a novel, rapid, reliable and user-friendly test with high-throughput potential for screening large aggregate content in influenza split-virus vaccines. The test can be adapted for screening other complex biopharmaceutical formulations, provided relevant controls are done for informed decomposition of fluorescence spectra into their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Sahin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Senem Akkoc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Veysel Kayser
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Smith G, Arshad MS, Polygalov E, Ermolina I, McCoy TR, Matejtschuk P. Process Understanding in Freeze-Drying Cycle Development: Applications for Through-Vial Impedance Spectroscopy (TVIS) in Mini-pilot Studies. J Pharm Innov 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-016-9266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Fleischer H, Drews RR, Janson J, Chinna Patlolla BR, Chu X, Klos M, Thurow K. Application of a Dual-Arm Robot in Complex Sample Preparation and Measurement Processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:671-81. [PMID: 27000132 DOI: 10.1177/2211068216637352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Automation systems with applied robotics have already been established in industrial applications for many years. In the field of life sciences, a comparable high level of automation can be found in the areas of bioscreening and high-throughput screening. Strong deficits still exist in the development of flexible and universal fully automated systems in the field of analytical measurement. Reasons are the heterogeneous processes with complex structures, which include sample preparation and transport, analytical measurements using complex sensor systems, and suitable data analysis and evaluation. Furthermore, the use of nonstandard sample vessels with various shapes and volumes results in an increased complexity. The direct use of existing automation solutions from bioscreening applications is not possible. A flexible automation system for sample preparation, analysis, and data evaluation is presented in this article. It is applied for the determination of cholesterol in biliary endoprosthesis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A dual-arm robot performs both transport and active manipulation tasks to ensure human-like operation. This general robotic concept also enables the use of manual laboratory devices and equipment and is thus suitable in areas with a high standardization grade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xianghua Chu
- celisca-Center for Life Science Automation, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Thurow
- celisca-Center for Life Science Automation, Rostock, Germany
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11
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Pollard J, McDonald P, Hesslein A. Lessons learned in building high-throughput process development capabilities. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul McDonald
- Purification Development; Genentech; South San Francisco USA
| | - Ashley Hesslein
- Global Biological Development; Bayer HealthCare; Berkeley USA
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12
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Vorberg E, Fleischer H, Junginger S, Liu H, Stoll N, Thurow K. A Highly Flexible, Automated System Providing Reliable Sample Preparation in Element- and Structure-Specific Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26203055 DOI: 10.1177/2211068215595946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Life science areas require specific sample pretreatment to increase the concentration of the analytes and/or to convert the analytes into an appropriate form for the detection and separation systems. Various workstations are commercially available, allowing for automated biological sample pretreatment. Nevertheless, due to the required temperature, pressure, and volume conditions in typical element and structure-specific measurements, automated platforms are not suitable for analytical processes. Thus, the purpose of the presented investigation was the design, realization, and evaluation of an automated system ensuring high-precision sample preparation for a variety of analytical measurements. The developed system has to enable system adaption and high performance flexibility. Furthermore, the system has to be capable of dealing with the wide range of required vessels simultaneously, allowing for less cost and time-consuming process steps. However, the system's functionality has been confirmed in various validation sequences. Using element-specific measurements, the automated system was up to 25% more precise compared to the manual procedure and as precise as the manual procedure using structure-specific measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Vorberg
- Center for Life Science Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heidi Fleischer
- Institute of Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Center for Life Science Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Norbert Stoll
- Institute of Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerstin Thurow
- Center for Life Science Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Ablinger E, Hellweger M, Leitgeb S, Zimmer A. Evaluating the effects of buffer conditions and extremolytes on thermostability of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor using high-throughput screening combined with design of experiments. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:744-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Li X, de Roo G, Burgers K, Ottens M, Eppink M. Self-packed filter plates: A good alternative for pre-packed filter plates for developing purification processes for therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1269-76. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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