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Kotadiya DD, Patel P, Patel HD. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: A Powerful Tool for Targeted Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:368-388. [PMID: 37026498 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230407092924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The cellular membrane hinders the effective delivery of therapeutics to targeted sites. Cellpenetrating peptide (CPP) is one of the best options for rapidly internalizing across the cellular membrane. CPPs have recently attracted lots of attention because of their excellent transduction efficiency and low cytotoxicity. The CPP-cargo complex is an effective and efficient method of delivering several chemotherapeutic agents used to treat various diseases. Additionally, CPP has become another strategy to overcome some of the current therapeutic agents' limitations. However, no CPP complex is approved by the US FDA because of its limitations and issues. In this review, we mainly discuss the cellpenetrating peptide as the delivery vehicle, the cellular uptake mechanism of CPPs, their design, and some strategies to synthesize the CPP complex via some linkers such as disulfide bond, oxime, etc. Here, we also discuss the recent status of CPPs in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant D Kotadiya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Piyushkumar Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh D Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
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2
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Shaikh AY, Björkling F, Zabicka D, Tomczak M, Urbas M, Domraceva I, Kreicberga A, Franzyk H. Structure-activity study of oncocin: On-resin guanidinylation and incorporation of homoarginine, 4-hydroxyproline or 4,4-difluoroproline residues. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106876. [PMID: 37797458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) often display guanidinium functionalities, and hence robust synthetic procedures are needed to facilitate access to analogues with unnatural homologues of arginine (Arg = R). Initially, a resin-bound Arg/Pro-rich fluoren-9-yl-methyloxycarbonyl-protected fragment (Fmoc-RPRPPR) of the AMP oncocin (i.e., VDKPPYLPRPRPPRRIYNR-NH2) was employed in a comparative on-resin assessment of commercial guanidinylation reagents head-to-head with the recently studied bis-Boc-protected triazole-based reagent, 1H-triazole-1-[N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)]-carboxamidine, which was synthesized by a chromatography-free procedure. This reagent was found to enable quantitative conversion in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of peptides displaying homoarginine (Har) residues and/or an N-terminal guanidinium group. SPPS was used to obtain analogues of the 18-mer oncocin with single as well as multiple Arg → Har modifications. In addition, the effect of replacement of proline (Pro) residues in oncocin was explored by incorporating single or multiple trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (Hyp) or 4,4-difluoro-l-proline (Dfp) residues, which both affected hydrophobicity. The resulting peptide library was tested against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Analysis of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) showed that analogues, displaying modifications at positions 4, 5 and 12 (originally Pro residues), had retained or slightly improved antimicrobial activity. Next, an oncocin analogue with two stabilizing l-Arg → d-Arg replacements in the C-terminal part was further modified by triple-replacement of Pro by either Dfp or Hyp in positions 4, 5, and 12. The resulting analogue displaying three Pro → Dfp modifications proved to possess the best activity profile: MICs of 1-2 µg/mL against E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, less than 1% hemolysis at 800 µg/mL, and an IC50 above 1280 µg/mL in HepG2 cells. Thus, incorporation of bis-fluorinated Pro residues appears to constitute a novel tool in structure-activity studies aimed at optimization of Pro-rich AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Y Shaikh
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Dorota Zabicka
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tomczak
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Urbas
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Domraceva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Agrita Kreicberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Center for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Denmark.
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Das U, Kundu J, Shaw P, Bose C, Ghosh A, Gupta S, Sarkar S, Bhadra J, Sinha S. Self-transfecting GMO-PMO chimera targeting Nanog enable gene silencing in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in 4T1 allografts in mouse. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:203-228. [PMID: 37078062 PMCID: PMC10106836 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PMO)-based antisense reagents cannot enter cells without the help of a delivery technique, which limits their clinical applications. To overcome this problem, self-transfecting guanidinium-linked morpholino (GMO)-PMO or PMO-GMO chimeras have been explored as antisense agents. GMO facilitates cellular internalization and participates in Watson-Crick base pairing. Targeting NANOG in MCF7 cells resulted in decline of the whole epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness pathway, evident through its phenotypic manifestations, all of which were promulgated in combination with Taxol due to downregulation of MDR1 and ABCG2. GMO-PMO-mediated knockdown of no tail gene resulted in desired phenotypes in zebrafish even upon delivery after 16-cell stages. In BALB/c mice, 4T1 allografts were found to regress via intra-tumoral administration of NANOG GMO-PMO antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which was associated with occurrence of necrotic regions. GMO-PMO-mediated tumor regression restored histopathological damage in liver, kidney, and spleen caused by 4T1 mammary carcinoma. Serum parameters of systemic toxicity indicated that GMO-PMO chimeras are safe. To the best of our knowledge, self-transfecting antisense reagent is the first report since the discovery of guanidinium-linked DNA (DNG), which could be useful as a combination cancer therapy and, in principle, can render inhibition of any target gene without using any delivery vehicle.
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Barrios A, Estrada M, Moon JH. Carbamoylated Guanidine-Containing Polymers for Non-Covalent Functional Protein Delivery in Serum-Containing Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116722. [PMID: 34995405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high potential of controlling cellular processes and treating various diseases by intracellularly delivered proteins, current delivery systems exhibit poor efficiency due to poor serum stability, cellular entry, and cytosolic availability of proteins. Here, we report a novel functional group, phenyl carbamoylated guanidine (Ph-CG), that greatly enhances the delivery efficiency to various types of cells. Owing to the substantially lowered pKa , the hydrophobic Ph-CG offers optimized inter-macromolecular interactions via enhanced hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The coplanarity of Ph-CG also leads to the better intracellular entry of protein complexes. Intracellularly delivered apoptosis-inducing enzymes and antibodies significantly induce cell viability inhibitions in a serum-containing medium. The newly developed Ph-CG can be introduced to various existing carriers, leading to the realization of future therapeutic protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Barrios
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institutes, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Marilen Estrada
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institutes, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
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5
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Barrios A, Estrada M, Moon JH. Carbamoylated Guanidine‐Containing Polymers for Non‐Covalent Functional Protein Delivery in Serum‐Containing Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Barrios
- Florida International University chemistry and biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Marilen Estrada
- Florida International University Natural and Applied Sciences UNITED STATES
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Florida International University Chemistry and Biochemistry 11200 SW 8th St.MMC CP311 33199 Miami UNITED STATES
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6
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Kundu J, Banerjee P, Bose C, Das U, Ghosh U, Sinha S. Internal Oligoguanidinium Transporter: Mercury-Free Scalable Synthesis, Improvement of Cellular Localization, Endosomal Escape, Mitochondrial Localization, and Conjugation with Antisense Morpholino for NANOG Inhibition to Induce Chemosensitization of Taxol in MCF-7 Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2367-2382. [PMID: 32986398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A nontoxic delivery vehicle is essential for the therapeutic applications of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs). Though guanidinium-rich or arginine-rich cellular transporter conjugated Vivo-PMO or PPMO has been developed for in vivo application, however, either their toxicity or stability has become an issue. Previously, we reported nonpeptidic internal guanidinium transporter (IGT) mediated delivery of PMO for gene silencing and got encouraging results. In this paper, we report the synthesis of IGT using a Hg-free method for scale up and N-terminal modification of IGT with a suitable hydrophobic or lipophilic group to improve the cell permeability, endosomal escape, and mitochondrial localization and to reduce toxicity in the MTT assay. For the delivery of PMO, IGT-PMO conjugate was synthesized to target NANOG in cells, a transcription factor required for cancer stem cell proliferation and embryonic development and is involved in many cancers. Our data shows IGT-PMO-facilitated NANOG inhibition, and thereby the prevention of EpCAM-N-Cadherin-Vimentin axis mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, unlike taxol, NANOG inhibition influences the expression of stemness factor c-Myc, Hh-Gli signaling proteins, other cancer related factors, and their respective phenotypes in cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to illustrate that the IGT-PMO-mediated NANOG inhibition increases the therapeutic potential of taxol and induces G0-G1 arrest in cancer cells to prevent cancer progression. However, it warrants further investigation in other cancer cells and preclinical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kundu
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanjalee Banerjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandra Bose
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjal Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjwal Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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7
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Nair JB, Mohapatra S, Joseph MM, Maniganda S, Gupta V, Ghosh S, Maiti KK. Tracking the Footprints of Paclitaxel Delivery and Mechanistic Action via SERS Trajectory in Glioblastoma Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5254-5263. [PMID: 33455274 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of an efficacious tumor-specific drug-delivery system is a challenging task. In this study, we have synthesized target-specific small peptide substrates on an octaguanidine sorbitol scaffold, named small molecular targeted drug-delivery conjugate (SMTDDC). The SMTDDC fabrication, with dual targeting cRGD and Cathepsin B (Cath B)-specific tripeptide (Glu-Lys-Phe), altered the microtubule network of glioblastoma cells by the orchestrated release of the cytotoxic paclitaxel (PTX). Cath B assisted PTX delivery was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) modalities. The time-dependent SERS fingerprinting and imaging revealed a fast and accurate PTX release profile and subsequent in vitro cytotoxicity as well as the apoptotic events and microtubule network alteration in U-87 MG glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, SMTDDC displayed adequate stability under physiological conditions and demonstrated biocompatibility toward red blood cells and lymphocytes. This study indicated a new insight on SERS-guided peptidomimetic sorbitol molecular transporter, enabling a greater promise with high potential for the further development of PTX delivery in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi B Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India.,Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.,Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Manu M Joseph
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Santhi Maniganda
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India.,Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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8
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Abstract
Efficient intracellular delivery of small-interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) to the target organ or tissues in the body is assumed as the main hurdle for a widespread use of siRNAs in the clinics. Solid lipid-based nanoparticles (SLNs) and derivatives can potentially fit this purpose by enabling to overcome the extracellular and intracellular physiological barriers affecting the delivery. For that, rational formulations and rational process designs are needed. This chapter addresses a comprehensive description and critical appraisal of the main production methods of this particular type of lipid nanoparticles and the leading strategies to prompt a targeted delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Jorge
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alberto Pais
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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9
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Budragchaa T, Westermann B, Wessjohann LA. Multicomponent synthesis of α-acylamino and α-acyloxy amide derivatives of desmycosin and their activity against gram-negative bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3237-3247. [PMID: 31229422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the existing drugs requires constant development of new antibiotics. Developing compounds active against gram-negative bacteria thereby is one of the more challenging tasks. Among the many approaches to develop successful antibacterials, medicinal chemistry driven evolution of existing successful antibiotics is considered to be the most effective one. Towards this end, the C-20 aldehyde moiety of desmycosin was modified into α-acylamino and α-acyloxy amide functionalities using isonitrile-based Ugi and Passerini reactions, aiming for enhanced antibacterial and physicochemical properties. The desired compounds were obtained in 45-93% yield under mild conditions. The antibacterial activity of the resulting conjugates was tested against gram-negative Aliivibrio fischeri. The antibiotic strength is mostly governed by the amine component introduced. Thus, methylamine derived desmycosin bis-amide 4 displayed an enhanced inhibition rate vs. desmycosin (99% vs. 83% at 1 µM). Derivatives with long acyclic or bulky amine and isocyanide Ugi components reduced potency, whereas carboxylic acid reagents with longer chain length afforded increased bioactivity. In Passerini 3-component products, the butyric ester amide 22 displayed a higher activity (90% at 1 µM) than the parent compound desmycosin (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuvshinjargal Budragchaa
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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10
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Current Transport Systems and Clinical Applications for Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Drugs. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 22:551-569. [PMID: 29926308 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are an attractive new agent with potential as a therapeutic tool because of its ability to inhibit specific genes for many conditions, including viral infections and cancers. However, despite this potential, many challenges remain, including off-target effects, difficulties with delivery, immune responses, and toxicity. Traditional genetic vectors do not guarantee that siRNAs will silence genes in vivo. Rational design strategies, such as chemical modification, viral vectors, and non-viral vectors, including cationic liposomes, polymers, nanocarriers, and bioconjugated siRNAs, provide important opportunities to overcome these challenges. We summarize the results of research into vector delivery of siRNAs as a therapeutic agent from their design to clinical trials in ophthalmic diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, and liver virus infections. Finally, we discuss the current state of siRNA delivery methods and the need for greater understanding of the requirements.
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11
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Al-azzawi S, Masheta D. Designing a drug delivery system for improved tumor treatment and targeting by functionalization of a cell-penetrating peptide. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-00424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Protein Transduction Domain Mimic (PTDM) Self-Assembly? Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10091039. [PMID: 30960964 PMCID: PMC6403535 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein delivery is an invaluable tool for biomedical research, as it enables fundamental studies of cellular processes and creates opportunities for novel therapeutic development. Protein delivery reagents such as cell penetration peptides (CPPs) and protein transduction domains (PTDs) are frequently used to facilitate protein delivery. Herein, synthetic polymer mimics of PTDs, called PTDMs, were studied for their ability to self-assemble in aqueous media as it was not known whether self-assembly plays a role in the protein binding and delivery process. The results obtained from interfacial tensiometry (IFT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), transmittance assays (%T), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that PTDMs do not readily aggregate or self-assemble at application-relevant time scales and concentrations. However, additional DLS experiments were used to confirm that the presence of protein is required to induce the formation of PTDM-protein complexes and that PTDMs likely bind as single chains.
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Posey ND, Tew GN. Associative and Dissociative Processes in Non-Covalent Polymer-Mediated Intracellular Protein Delivery. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3351-3365. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Posey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003 USA
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14
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Dubuc C, Savard M, Bovenzi V, Lessard A, Côté J, Neugebauer W, Geha S, Chemtob S, Gobeil F. Antitumor activity of cell-penetrant kinin B1 receptor antagonists in human triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2851-2865. [PMID: 30132865 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High nuclear expression of G protein-coupled receptors, including kinin B1 receptors (B1R), has been observed in several human cancers, but the clinical significance of this is unknown. We put forward the hypothesis that these "nuclearized" kinin B1R contribute to tumorigenicity and can be a new target in anticancer strategies. Our initial immunostaining and ultrastructural electron microscopy analyses demonstrated high B1R expression predominantly located at internal/nuclear compartments in the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line as well as in clinical samples of patients with TNBC. On the basis of these findings, in the present study, we evaluated the anticancer therapeutic potential of newly identified, cell-permeable B1R antagonists in MDA-MB-231 cells (ligand-receptor binding/activity assays and LC-MS/MS analyses). We found that these compounds (SSR240612, NG67, and N2000) were more toxic to MDA-MB-231 cells in comparison with low- or non-B1R expressing MCF-10A normal human mammary epithelial cells and COS-1 cells, respectively (clonogenic, MTT proliferative/cytocidal assays, and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS)-based apoptosis analyses). By comparison, the peptide B1R antagonist R954 unable to cross cell membrane failed to produce anticancer effects. Furthermore, the putative mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of cell-penetrant B1R antagonists were assessed by analyzing cell cycle regulation and signaling molecules related to cell survival and apoptosis (FACS and western blot). Finally, drug combination experiments showed that cell-penetrant B1R antagonists can cooperate with suboptimal doses of chemotherapeutic agents (doxorubicin and paclitaxel) to promote TNBC death. This study provides evidence on the potential value of internally acting kinin B1R antagonists in averting growth of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céléna Dubuc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Savard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Veronica Bovenzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrée Lessard
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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15
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Posey ND, Hango CR, Minter LM, Tew GN. The Role of Cargo Binding Strength in Polymer-Mediated Intracellular Protein Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2679-2690. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Pulka-Ziach K, Antunes S, Perdriau C, Kauffmann B, Pasco M, Douat C, Guichard G. Postelongation Strategy for the Introduction of Guanidinium Units in the Main Chain of Helical Oligourea Foldamers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2530-2541. [PMID: 29381363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of hybrid urea-based foldamers containing isosteric guanidinium linkages at selected positions in the sequence is described. We used a postelongation approach whereby the guanidinium moiety is introduced by direct transformation of a parent oligo(urea/thiourea) foldamer precursor. The method involves activation of the thiourea by treatment with methyl iodide and subsequent reaction with amines. To avoid undesired cyclization with the preceding urea moiety, resulting in heterocyclic guanidinium formation in the main chain, the urea unit preceding the thiourea unit in the sequence was replaced by an isoatomic and isostructural γ-amino acid. The approach was extended to solid-phase techniques to accelerate the synthesis of longer and more functionalized sequences. Under optimized conditions, an octamer hybrid oligomer incorporating a central guanidinium linkage was obtained in good overall yield and purity. This work also reports data related to the structural consequences of urea by guanidinium replacements in solution and reveals that helical folding is substantially reduced in oligomers containing a guanidinium group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pulka-Ziach
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets 6 (CBMN), UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France.,Faculty of Chemistry, Universtiy of Warsaw , Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stéphanie Antunes
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets 6 (CBMN), UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Camille Perdriau
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets 6 (CBMN), UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, UMS3033/US001, Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CNRS , F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Morgane Pasco
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets 6 (CBMN), UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Céline Douat
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets 6 (CBMN), UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets 6 (CBMN), UMR 5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France
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17
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Grijalvo S, Alagia A, Jorge AF, Eritja R. Covalent Strategies for Targeting Messenger and Non-Coding RNAs: An Updated Review on siRNA, miRNA and antimiR Conjugates. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E74. [PMID: 29415514 PMCID: PMC5852570 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapy has become an alternative to classical approaches in the search of novel therapeutics involving gene-related diseases. Several mechanisms have been described in which demonstrate the pivotal role of oligonucleotide for modulating gene expression. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and more recently siRNAs and miRNAs have made important contributions either in reducing aberrant protein levels by sequence-specific targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or restoring the anomalous levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are involved in a good number of diseases including cancer. In addition to formulation approaches which have contributed to accelerate the presence of ASOs, siRNAs and miRNAs in clinical trials; the covalent linkage between non-viral vectors and nucleic acids has also added value and opened new perspectives to the development of promising nucleic acid-based therapeutics. This review article is mainly focused on the strategies carried out for covalently modifying siRNA and miRNA molecules. Examples involving cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), carbohydrates, polymers, lipids and aptamers are discussed for the synthesis of siRNA conjugates whereas in the case of miRNA-based drugs, this review article makes special emphasis in using antagomiRs, locked nucleic acids (LNAs), peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as well as nanoparticles. The biomedical applications of siRNA and miRNA conjugates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adele Alagia
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andreia F Jorge
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Hadidi K, Wexselblatt E, Esko JD, Tor Y. Cellular uptake of modified aminoglycosides. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:ja2017131. [PMID: 29089598 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The uptake of modified amino- and guanidino-glycosides derived from kanamycin, tobramycin and neomycin in native and mutant CHO cells is examined using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, illustrating the significance of multivalency for mammalian cell internalization of carriers that specifically interact with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans.The Journal of Antibiotics advance online publication, 1 November 2017; doi:10.1038/ja.2017.131.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivin Hadidi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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19
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Wang Y, Cheetham AG, Angacian G, Su H, Xie L, Cui H. Peptide-drug conjugates as effective prodrug strategies for targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:112-126. [PMID: 27370248 PMCID: PMC5199637 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) represent an important class of therapeutic agents that combine one or more drug molecules with a short peptide through a biodegradable linker. This prodrug strategy uniquely and specifically exploits the biological activities and self-assembling potential of small-molecule peptides to improve the treatment efficacy of medicinal compounds. We review here the recent progress in the design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates in the context of targeted drug delivery and cancer chemotherapy. We analyze carefully the key design features in choosing the peptide sequence and linker chemistry for the drug of interest, as well as the strategies to optimize the conjugate design. We highlight the recent progress in the design and synthesis of self-assembling peptide-drug amphiphiles to construct supramolecular nanomedicine and nanofiber hydrogels for both systemic and topical delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew G Cheetham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Garren Angacian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lisi Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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20
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Arginine modified polymeric micelles as a novel drug delivery system with enhanced endocytosis efficiency. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:181-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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21
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Posey ND, Caffrey LM, Minter LM, Tew GN. Protein Mimic Hydrophobicity Affects Intracellular Delivery but not Cargo Binding. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Posey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Leah M. Caffrey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Lisa M. Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA 01003
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22
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McKinlay CJ, Waymouth RM, Wender PA. Cell-Penetrating, Guanidinium-Rich Oligophosphoesters: Effective and Versatile Molecular Transporters for Drug and Probe Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3510-7. [PMID: 26900771 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new family of highly effective cell-penetrating molecular transporters, guanidinium-rich oligophosphoesters, are described. These unique transporters are synthesized in two steps, irrespective of oligomer length, by the organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization (OROP) of 5-membered cyclic phospholane monomers followed by oligomer deprotection. Varying the initiating alcohol results in a wide variety of cargo attachment strategies for releasable or nonreleasable transporter applications. Initiation of oligomerization with a fluorescent probe produces, upon deprotection, a transporter-probe conjugate that is shown to readily enter multiple cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. These new transporters are superior in cell uptake to previously studied guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and oligoarginines, showing over 2-fold higher uptake than the former and 6-fold higher uptake than the latter. Initiation with a protected thiol gives, upon deprotection, thiol-terminated transporters which can be thiol-click conjugated to a variety of probes, drugs and other cargos as exemplified by the conjugation and delivery of the model probe fluorescein-maleimide and the medicinal agent paclitaxel (PTX) into cells. Of particular significance given that drug resistance is a major cause of chemotherapy failure, the PTX-transporter conjugate, designed to evade Pgp export and release free PTX after cell entry, shows efficacy against PTX-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Collectively this study introduces a new and highly effective class of guanidinium-rich cell-penetrating transporters and methodology for their single-step conjugation to drugs and probes, and demonstrates that the resulting drug/probe-conjugates readily enter cells, outperforming previously reported guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and peptide transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J McKinlay
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Gunnoo SB, Madder A. Bioconjugation – using selective chemistry to enhance the properties of proteins and peptides as therapeutics and carriers. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8002-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Both peptide and protein therapeutics are becoming increasingly important for treating a wide range of diseases. Functionalisation of theseviasite-selective chemical modification leads to enhancement of their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita B. Gunnoo
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
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24
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Blum AP, Kammeyer JK, Gianneschi NC. Activating Peptides for Cellular Uptake via Polymerization into High Density Brushes. Chem Sci 2015; 7:989-994. [PMID: 26925209 PMCID: PMC4763988 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of peptide therapeutics is thwarted by an inability to enter cells, preventing access to crucial intracellular targets. Herein, we describe a simple and potentially widely applicable solution involving the polymerization of a minimally modified amino acid sequence into a high density brush polymer. Specifically, non-cell penetrating peptides can be rendered competent for cell entry by first including a single Arg or Lys in their amino acid sequence, if one is not already present, along with a norbornenyl unit. This modified monomer is then polymerized by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). To demonstrate the utility of this strategy, a known therapeutic peptide, which does not penetrate cells on its own, was polymerized. The resulting polymer proficiently entered cells while maintaining its intracellular function. We anticipate that this methodology will find broad use in medicine, increasing or enabling the in vivo efficacy of promising peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela P Blum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacquelin K Kammeyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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25
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García-Gallego S, Nyström AM, Malkoch M. Chemistry of multifunctional polymers based on bis-MPA and their cutting-edge applications. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Traboulsi H, Larkin H, Bonin MA, Volkov L, Lavoie CL, Marsault É. Macrocyclic Cell Penetrating Peptides: A Study of Structure-Penetration Properties. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:405-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Traboulsi
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Heidi Larkin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bonin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Leonid Volkov
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Christine L. Lavoie
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
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27
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Wender PA, Huttner MA, Staveness D, Vargas JR, Xu AF. Guanidinium-Rich, Glycerol-Derived Oligocarbonates: A New Class of Cell-Penetrating Molecular Transporters That Complex, Deliver, and Release siRNA. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:742-50. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500581r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melanie A. Huttner
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daryl Staveness
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jessica R. Vargas
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adele F. Xu
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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28
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Nair JB, Mohapatra S, Ghosh S, Maiti KK. Novel lysosome targeted molecular transporter built on a guanidinium-poly-(propylene imine) hybrid dendron for efficient delivery of doxorubicin into cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2403-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09829c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new dendron-based octa-guanidine appended molecular transporter with a lysosomal targeted peptide–doxorubicin conjugate. The transporter is found non-toxic, lysosomal selectivity while the conjugate showed significant cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi B. Nair
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Industrial Estate
- Pappanamcode
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Kaustabh K. Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Industrial Estate
- Pappanamcode
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
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29
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Vargas JR, Stanzl EG, Teng NNH, Wender PA. Cell-penetrating, guanidinium-rich molecular transporters for overcoming efflux-mediated multidrug resistance. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2553-65. [PMID: 24798708 PMCID: PMC4123947 DOI: 10.1021/mp500161z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major
cause of chemotherapy failure
in the clinic. Drugs that were once effective against naïve
disease subsequently prove ineffective against recurrent disease,
which often exhibits an MDR phenotype. MDR can be attributed to many
factors; often dominating among these is the ability of a cell to
suppress or block drug entry through upregulation of membrane-bound
drug efflux pumps. Efflux pumps exhibit polyspecificity, recognizing
and exporting many different types of drugs, especially those whose
lipophilic nature contributes to residence in the membrane. We have
developed a general strategy to overcome efflux-based resistance.
This strategy involves conjugating a known drug that succumbs to efflux-mediated
resistance to a cell-penetrating molecular transporter, specifically,
the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), d-octaarginine. The resultant
conjugates are discrete single entities (not particle mixtures) and
highly water-soluble. They rapidly enter cells, are not substrates
for efflux pumps, and release the free drug only after cellular entry
at a rate controlled by linker design and favored by target cell chemistry.
This general strategy can be applied to many classes of drugs and
allows for an exceptionally rapid advance to clinical testing, especially
of drugs that succumb to resistance. The efficacy of this strategy
has been successfully demonstrated with Taxol in cellular and animal
models of resistant cancer and with ex vivo samples from patients
with ovarian cancer. Next generation efforts in this area will involve
the extension of this strategy to other chemotherapeutics and other
MDR-susceptible diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Vargas
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Bang EK, Ward S, Gasparini G, Sakai N, Matile S. Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s: focus on substrate-initiated co-polymerization. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Stanzl EG, Trantow BM, Vargas JR, Wender PA. Fifteen years of cell-penetrating, guanidinium-rich molecular transporters: basic science, research tools, and clinical applications. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2944-54. [PMID: 23697862 DOI: 10.1021/ar4000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
All living systems require biochemical barriers. As a consequence, all drugs, imaging agents, and probes have targets that are either on, in, or inside of these barriers. Fifteen years ago, we initiated research directed at more fully understanding these barriers and at developing tools and strategies for breaching them that could be of use in basic research, imaging, diagnostics, and medicine. At the outset of this research and now to a lesser extent, the "rules" for drug design biased the selection of drug candidates mainly to those with an intermediate and narrow log P. At the same time, it was becoming increasingly apparent that Nature had long ago developed clever strategies to circumvent these "rules." In 1988, for example, independent reports documented the otherwise uncommon passage of a protein (HIV-Tat) across a membrane. A subsequent study implicated a highly basic domain in this protein (Tat49-57) in its cellular entry. This conspicuously contradictory behavior of a polar, highly charged peptide passing through a nonpolar membrane set the stage for learning how Nature had gotten around the current "rules" of transport. As elaborated in our studies and discussed in this Account, the key strategy used in Nature rests in part on the ability of a molecule to change its properties as a function of microenvironment; such molecules need to be polarity chameleons, polar in a polar milieu and relatively nonpolar in a nonpolar environment. Because this research originated in part with the protein Tat and its basic peptide domain, Tat49-57, the field focused heavily on peptides, even limiting its nomenclature to names such as "cell-penetrating peptides," "cell-permeating peptides," "protein transduction domains," and "membrane translocating peptides." Starting in 1997, through a systematic reverse engineering approach, we established that the ability of Tat49-57 to enter cells is not a function of its peptide backbone, but rather a function of the number and spatial array of its guanidinium groups. These function-oriented studies enabled us and others to design more effective peptidic agents and to think beyond the confines of peptidic systems to new and even more effective nonpeptidic agents. Because the function of passage across a cell membrane is not limited to or even best achieved with the peptide backbone, we referred to these agents by their shared function, "cell-penetrating molecular transporters." The scope of this molecular approach to breaching biochemical barriers has expanded remarkably in the past 15 years: enabling or enhancing the delivery of a wide range of cargos into cells and across other biochemical barriers, creating new tools for research, imaging, and diagnostics, and introducing new therapies into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Geihe Stanzl
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Brian M. Trantow
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jessica R. Vargas
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Sgolastra F, deRonde BM, Sarapas JM, Som A, Tew GN. Designing mimics of membrane active proteins. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2977-87. [PMID: 24007507 DOI: 10.1021/ar400066v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As a semipermeable barrier that controls the flux of biomolecules in and out the cell, the plasma membrane is critical in cell function and survival. Many proteins interact with the plasma membrane and modulate its physiology. Within this large landscape of membrane-active molecules, researchers have focused significant attention on two specific classes of peptides, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), because of their unique properties. In this Account, we describe our efforts over the last decade to build and understand synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs). These endeavors represent one specific example of a much larger effort to understand how synthetic molecules interact with and manipulate the plasma membrane. Using both defined molecular weight oligomers and easier to produce, but heterogeneous, polymers, we have generated scaffolds with biological potency exceeding that of the natural analogues. One of these compounds has progressed through a phase II clinical trial for pan-staph infections. Modern biophysical assays have highlighted the interplay between the synthetic scaffold and lipid composition: a negative Gaussian curvature is required both for pore formation and for the initiation of endosome creation. Although work remains to better resolve the complexity of this interplay between lipids, other bilayer components, and the scaffolds, significant new insights have been discovered. These results point to the importance of considering the various aspects of permeation and how these are related to "pore formation". More recently, our efforts have expanded toward protein transduction domains, or mimics of cell penetrating peptides. Using a combination of unique molecular scaffolds and guanidinium-rich side chains, we have produced an array of polymers with robust membrane (and delivery) activity. In this new area, researchers are just beginning to understand the fundamental interactions between these new scaffolds and the plasma membrane. Negative Gaussian curvature is also important in these systems, but the detailed relationships between molecular structure, self-assembly with lipids, and translocation will require more investigation. It has become clear that the combination of molecular design, biophysical models, and biological evaluation provides a robust approach to the generation and study of novel proteinomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sgolastra
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Brittany M. deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Joel M. Sarapas
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Abhigyan Som
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Rangger C, Helbok A, Sosabowski J, Kremser C, Koehler G, Prassl R, Andreae F, Virgolini IJ, von Guggenberg E, Decristoforo C. Tumor targeting and imaging with dual-peptide conjugated multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4659-71. [PMID: 24353415 PMCID: PMC3862508 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant progress in nanotechnology provides a wide spectrum of nanosized material for various applications, including tumor targeting and molecular imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles for targeting approaches and detection of tumors using different imaging modalities. The concept of dual-targeting was tested in vitro and in vivo using liposomes derivatized with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide binding to αvβ3 integrin receptors and a substance P peptide binding to neurokinin-1 receptors. METHODS For liposome preparation, lipids, polyethylene glycol building blocks, DTPA-derivatized lipids for radiolabeling, lipid-based RGD and substance P building blocks and imaging labels were combined in defined molar ratios. Liposomes were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements, and in vitro binding properties were tested using fluorescence microscopy. Standardized protocols for radiolabeling were developed to perform biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) studies in nude mice bearing glioblastoma and/or melanoma tumor xenografts. Additionally, an initial magnetic resonance imaging study was performed. RESULTS Liposomes were radiolabeled with high radiochemical yields. Fluorescence microscopy showed specific cellular interactions with RGD-liposomes and substance P-liposomes. Biodistribution and micro-SPECT/CT imaging of (111)In-labeled liposomal nanoparticles revealed low tumor uptake, but in a preliminary magnetic resonance imaging study with a single-targeted RGD-liposome, uptake in the tumor xenografts could be visualized. CONCLUSION The present study shows the potential of liposomes as multifunctional targeted vehicles for imaging of tumors combining radioactive, fluorescent, and magnetic resonance signaling. Specific in vitro tumor targeting by fluorescence microscopy and radioactivity was achieved. However, biodistribution studies in an animal tumor model revealed only moderate tumor uptake and no additive effect using a dual-targeting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Helbok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Koehler
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Irene J Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Holub JM, Larochelle JR, Appelbaum JS, Schepartz A. Improved assays for determining the cytosolic access of peptides, proteins, and their mimetics. Biochemistry 2013; 52:9036-46. [PMID: 24256505 DOI: 10.1021/bi401069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and other macromolecules that cross biological membranes have great potential as tools for research and next-generation therapeutics. Here, we describe two assays that effectively quantify the cytosolic localization of a number of previously reported peptides and protein domains. One assay, which we call GIGI (glucocorticoid-induced eGFP induction), is an amplified assay that informs on relative cytosolic access without the need for sophisticated imaging equipment or adherent cells. The second, GIGT (glucocorticoid-induced eGFP translocation), is a nonamplified assay that informs on relative cytosolic access and exploits sophisticated imaging equipment to facilitate high-content screens in live cells. Each assay was employed to quantify the cytosolic delivery of several canonical "cell permeable peptides," as well as more recently reported minimally cationic miniature proteins and zinc finger nuclease domains. Our results show definitively that both overall charge as well as charge distribution influence cytosolic access and that small protein domains containing a discrete, helical, penta-Arg motif can dramatically improve the cytosolic delivery of small folded proteins such as zinc finger domains. We anticipate that the assays described herein will prove useful to explore and discover the fundamental physicochemical and genetic properties that influence both the uptake and endosomal release of peptidic molecules and their mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Holub
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Albada HB, Prochnow P, Bobersky S, Langklotz S, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Short antibacterial peptides with significantly reduced hemolytic activity can be identified by a systematic L-to-D exchange scan of their amino acid residues. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2013; 15:585-92. [PMID: 24147906 DOI: 10.1021/co400072q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High systemic toxicity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) limits their clinical application to the treatment of topical infections; in parenteral systemic application of AMPs the problem of hemolysis is one of the first to be tackled. We now show that the selectivity of lipidated short synthetic AMPs can be optimized substantially by reducing their hemolytic activity without affecting their activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In order to identify the optimized peptides, two sets of 32 diastereomeric H-(D)Arg-WRWRW-(L)Lys(C(O)CnH2n+1)-NH2 (n = 7 or 9) peptides were prepared using a split-split procedure to perform a systematic L-to-D exchange scan on the central WRWRW-fragment. Compared to the all-L C8-lipidated lead sequence, diastereomeric peptides had very similar antibacterial properties, but were over 30 times less hemolytic. We show that the observed hemolysis and antibacterial activity is affected by both differences in lipophilicity of the different peptides and specific combinations of L- and D-amino acid residues. This study identified several peptides that can be used as tools to precisely unravel the origin of hemolysis and thus help to design even further optimized nontoxic very active short antibacterial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bauke Albada
- Inorganic
Chemistry I—Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Prochnow
- Biology
of Microorganisms, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Bobersky
- Inorganic
Chemistry I—Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sina Langklotz
- Biology
of Microorganisms, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Biology
of Microorganisms, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic
Chemistry I—Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Identification of cellular proteins interacting with octaarginine (R8) cell-penetrating peptide by photo-crosslinking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3738-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wender PA. Toward the Ideal Synthesis and Transformative Therapies: The Roles of Step Economy and Function Oriented Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2013; 69:7529-7550. [PMID: 23956471 PMCID: PMC3743450 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-5080 USA
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Grau-Campistany A, Massaguer A, Carrion-Salip D, Barragán F, Artigas G, López-Senín P, Moreno V, Marchán V. Conjugation of a Ru(II) Arene Complex to Neomycin or to Guanidinoneomycin Leads to Compounds with Differential Cytotoxicities and Accumulation between Cancer and Normal Cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1964-76. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Grau-Campistany
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, E-17071, Spain
| | | | - Flavia Barragán
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Gerard Artigas
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Paula López-Senín
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Virtudes Moreno
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química
Orgànica and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
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The potential role of cell penetrating peptides in the intracellular delivery of proteins for therapy of erythroid related disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:32-53. [PMID: 24275786 PMCID: PMC3816679 DOI: 10.3390/ph6010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The erythroid related disorders (ERDs) represent a large group of hematological diseases, which in most cases are attributed either to the deficiency or malfunction of biosynthetic enzymes or oxygen transport proteins. Current treatments for these disorders include histo-compatible erythrocyte transfusions or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Gene therapy delivered via suitable viral vectors or genetically modified HSCs have been under way. Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) technology has allowed the production and intracellular delivery of recombinant therapeutic proteins, bearing Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs), into a variety of mammalian cells. Remarkable progress in the field of protein transduction leads to the development of novel protein therapeutics (CPP-mediated PTs) for the treatment of monogenetic and/or metabolic disorders. The “concept” developed in this paper is the intracellular protein delivery made possible via the PTD technology as a novel therapeutic intervention for treatment of ERDs. This can be achieved via four stages including: (i) the production of genetically engineered human CPP-mediated PT of interest, since the corresponding native protein either is missing or is mutated in the erythroid progenitor cell (ErPCs) or mature erythrocytes of patients; (ii) isolation of target cells from the peripheral blood of the selected patients; (iii) ex vivo transduction of cells with the CPP-mediated PT of interest; and (iv) re-administration of the successfully transduced cells back into the same patients.
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Eggimann GA, Buschor S, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Convergent synthesis and cellular uptake of multivalent cell penetrating peptides derived from Tat, Antp, pVEC, TP10 and SAP. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6717-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hyman JM, Geihe EI, Trantow BM, Parvin B, Wender PA. A molecular method for the delivery of small molecules and proteins across the cell wall of algae using molecular transporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13225-30. [PMID: 22847404 PMCID: PMC3421176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202509109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in algae has significantly accelerated with the increasing recognition of their potentially unique role in medical, materials, energy, bioremediation, and synthetic biological research. However, the introduction of tools to study, control, or expand the inner-workings of algae has lagged behind. Here we describe a general molecular method based on guanidinium-rich molecular transporters (GR-MoTrs) for bringing small and large cargos into algal cells. Significantly, this method is shown to work in wild-type algae that have an intact cell wall. Developed using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this method is also successful with less studied algae including Neochloris oleoabundans and Scenedesmus dimorphus thus providing a new and versatile tool for algal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Hyman
- Department of Bioenergy and Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Erika I. Geihe
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brian M. Trantow
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bahram Parvin
- Department of Bioenergy and Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Designed guanidinium-rich amphipathic oligocarbonate molecular transporters complex, deliver and release siRNA in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:13171-6. [PMID: 22847412 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211361109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyanionic nature of oligonucleotides and their enzymatic degradation present challenges for the use of siRNA in research and therapy; among the most notable of these is clinically relevant delivery into cells. To address this problem, we designed and synthesized the first members of a new class of guanidinium-rich amphipathic oligocarbonates that noncovalently complex, deliver, and release siRNA in cells, resulting in robust knockdown of target protein synthesis in vitro as determined using a dual-reporter system. The organocatalytic oligomerization used to synthesize these co-oligomers is step-economical and broadly tunable, affording an exceptionally quick strategy to explore chemical space for optimal siRNA delivery in varied applications. The speed and versatility of this approach and the biodegradability of the designed agents make this an attractive strategy for biological tool development, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications.
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