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Alshali RZ, AlQahtani MA, Bukhary DM, Alzahrani MA, Alsoraihi SS, Alqahtani MA. The effect of bleaching on surface roughness and gloss of different CAD/CAM ceramic and hybrid ceramic materials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231152566. [PMID: 36785513 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231152566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of bleaching on surface roughness and gloss of different CAD/CAM ceramic materials. METHODS The ceramic materials included IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate), VITA ENAMIC (polymer infiltrated ceramic), and Celtra Duo CAD (zirconia reinforced lithium silicate). Samples of each material were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10); a control group immersed in distilled water, the second and third groups were treated with 20% carbamide peroxide (20% CP) and 35% carbamide peroxide (35% CP) bleaching agents for 4 h/day and 60 min/day respectively for 7 days. The fourth group was treated with 40% hydrogen peroxide (40% HP) applied twice, each turn for 20 min. After treatment, the surface roughness (using 3D non-contact profilometry) and surface gloss were assessed followed by imaging with a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The surface roughness (p = 0.157) and gloss (p = 0.073) of IPS e.max CAD were not significantly affected by the different bleaching treatments. Similarly, no significant effect on surface roughness (p = 0.162) and gloss (p = 0.965) were shown for Celtra Duo CAD. On the other hand, VITA ENAMIC was significantly affected when treated with 20% CP and 35% CP showing increased roughness (p = 0.001) and gloss (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Home bleaching treatments (20% CP and 35% CP) significantly affected the surface roughness and gloss of VITA ENAMIC while IPS e.max CAD and Celtra Duo CAD were not affected by the different bleaching treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Z Alshali
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A AlQahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalea M Bukhary
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mlak A Alzahrani
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Tooth whitening is one of the most conservative procedures for increasing the aesthetics of patients, but the effect of bleaching on ceramic restorations has not been extensively studied. In this study, the bleaching effect on three dental restoration materials (polished/glazed lithium disilicate glass ceramic, leucite reinforced glass ceramic and zirconium dioxide ceramic) has been investigated in terms of surface roughness changes of the exposed samples. Philips Zoom NiteWhite 16% carbamide peroxide, Philips Zoom 6% hydrogen peroxide with following LED illumination and Pola Office 6% hydrogen peroxide have been used for ceramic bleaching. The experimental investigation and performed statistical analysis revealed that the highest surface roughness changes of all investigated ceramics were caused by the hydrogen peroxide and the lowest by carbamide peroxide. These findings correlated well with the colour changes observed in the same bleached dental ceramic samples indicating potential of carbamide peroxide as the most prospective bleaching agent.
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KAYA S, OZEL BEKTAS O. EFFECT OF İN-OFFİCE BLEACHİNG ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF DİFFERENT COMPOSİTE RESİNS. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1030957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tavangar MS, Mousavipour E, Ansarifard E. The effect of bleaching on the optical and physical properties of externally stained monolithic zirconia. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:861-867. [PMID: 34155828 PMCID: PMC8543453 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of bleaching on the color, translucency, surface roughness, and surface hardness of monolithic zirconia with external stainin . Methods In this experimental study, 32 specimens of monolithic zirconia (1 × 1 mm; shade A2) were divided into two groups based on random permuted blocks. Overglaze and staining procedures were performed with a yellow stain or a value stain (GC Stain). Baseline color, translucency, roughness, and surface hardness were measured. The specimens were then randomly bleached with hydrogen peroxide (HP) 40% (20 min, twice with a 1‐week interval in between) as office bleaching or carbamide peroxide (CP) 20% (4 h per day for 14 days) as home bleaching. Finally, the color, translucency, surface roughness, and surface hardness were measured again. Results Bleaching with CP and HP caused a perceptible change in the color of the specimens (ΔE > 2), although this change was within the clinically acceptable range (ΔE < 3.3). HP significantly reduced the surface hardness of the specimens (p = 0.043). Changes in surface roughness of the specimens were neither statistically nor clinically significant (p = 0.19 and p = 0.25 for office and home bleaching, respectively). Conclusion The effects of home and office bleaching on the surface characteristics of monolithic zirconia were almost the same. It is not necessary to exchange or even to polish the surfaces of zirconia restorations after exposure to bleaching agents. Further studies are recommended to confirm the color stability of externally stained monolithic zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Tavangar
- Operative Dentistry Department, Dental Faculty, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mousavipour
- Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Ansarifard
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nanobiology and Nanomedicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tinastepe N, Malkondu O, Iscan I, Kazazoglu E. Effect of home and over the contour bleaching on stainability of
CAD
/
CAM
esthetic restorative materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:303-313. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozlem Malkondu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ipek Iscan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Medipol University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ender Kazazoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
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Effects of 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching on the Surface Properties of Glazed Glassy Matrix Ceramics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1864298. [PMID: 32104679 PMCID: PMC7035531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the influence of the home bleaching agent, Opalescence PF, on the surface roughness and microhardness of glazed glassy matrix CAD-CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods. The 28 sintered leucite- and lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD) were divided into control and bleached groups. The home bleaching agent was applied to specimens of bleached groups for 7 days. The surface roughness and microhardness of all specimens were measured. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface properties. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results The control e.max CAD showed the lowest surface roughness values. For both Empress and e.max CAD, surface roughness was significantly higher for the bleached group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in microhardness were observed. Conclusions According to our study, patients should be careful when using home bleaching agents because whitening agents can affect the mechanical properties of full ceramic restorations like e.max CAD and Empress CAD. Ceramic polishing may be required in clinical situations where ceramic restorations are accidentally exposed to bleaching gels.
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Gul P, Karatas O, Alp HH, Cam IB, Ozakar-Ilday N. Monomer release from nanohybrid composites after bleaching. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:351-357. [PMID: 31217386 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the effect of bleaching on monomer release from two composite resins was performed by bleaching two nanohybrid composite resins Filtek Z550 and Tetric N-Ceram using two bleaching products Whiteness HP Maxx and Vivastyle. In total, 20 samples were made from each composite resin from which four groups were fabricated (two for each bleaching product). The samples were stored in a 75% ethanol solution, and the solutions were renewed after 1, 7, and 28 days. The monomer release was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and least significant difference multiple comparison test (α = 0.05). Monomers were found to be released from both composite resins. The amounts of monomer released were found to decrease over time (P < 0.05); however, the resins were not affected by bleaching, and the released monomers were well below toxic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Gul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Ozcan Karatas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Hamit H Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University
| | - Ihsan B Cam
- Akdeniz University, Food Safety and Agricultural Research Center
| | - Nurcan Ozakar-Ilday
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
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ALPTEKIN T, ÖZYILMAZ ÖY, AYKENT F, KARA HB. EFFECT OF TWO ACTIVATED BLEACHING TECHNIQUES ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF DIFFERENT ESTHETIC RESTORATIVE MATERIALS. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.369086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wongpraparatana I, Matangkasombut O, Thanyasrisung P, Panich M. Effect of Vital Tooth Bleaching on Surface Roughness and Streptococcal Biofilm Formation on Direct Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials. Oper Dent 2017; 43:51-59. [PMID: 28976842 DOI: 10.2341/16-366-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of simulated bleaching with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) or a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) system on surface roughness of resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) and streptococcal biofilm formation on these surfaces. METHODS AND MATERIALS Specimens of nanofilled resin composite and RMGI (n=108 each) were randomly divided into three groups (n=36 each): no treatment control, 10% CP, and 40% HP. The surface roughness values (Ra) were measured before and after treatments. The specimens in each group were randomly divided into three subgroups (n=12) and incubated with Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and trypticase soy broth control for 24 hours. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining, and the structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The differences between the mean changes in Ra between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material were evaluated with an independent t-test. The quantity of biofilm formation on each material was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Tukey test ( α=0.05). RESULTS Surface roughness significantly increased after bleaching in all groups. There was no significant difference between the 10% CP and 40% HP groups of each material. For S. mutans biofilm formation, bleaching with 10% CP and 40% HP increased biofilm on both materials compared to controls. However, S. sanguinis biofilm formation was significantly higher on bleached resin composite but not on RMGI specimens. CONCLUSIONS Simulated bleaching with 10% CP or 40% HP increased both surface roughness and biofilm formation on resin composite and RMGI, except for S. sanguinis biofilm on RMGI.
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Takesh T, Sargsyan A, Lee M, Anbarani A, Ho J, Wilder-Smith P. Evaluating the Whitening and Microstructural Effects of a Novel Whitening Strip on Porcelain and Composite Dental Materials. DENTISTRY (SUNNYVALE, CALIF.) 2017; 7:448. [PMID: 29226023 PMCID: PMC5722253 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1122.1000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of 2 different whitening strips on color, microstructure and roughness of tea stained porcelain and composite surfaces. METHODS 54 porcelain and 72 composite chips served as samples for timed application of over-the-counter (OTC) test or control dental whitening strips. Chips were divided randomly into three groups of 18 porcelain and 24 composite chips each. Of these groups, 1 porcelain and 1 composite set served as controls. The remaining 2 groups were randomized to treatment with either Oral Essentials® Whitening Strips or Crest® 3D White Whitestrips™. Sample surface structure was examined by light microscopy, profilometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, a reflectance spectrophotometer was used to assess color changes in the porcelain and composite samples over 24 hours of whitening. Data points were analyzed at each time point using ANOVA. RESULTS In the light microscopy and SEM images, no discrete physical defects were observed in any of the samples at any time points. However, high-resolution SEM images showed an appearance of increased surface roughness in all composite samples. Using profilometry, significantly increased post-whitening roughness was documented in the composite samples exposed to the control bleaching strips. Composite samples underwent a significant and equivalent shift in color following exposure to Crest® 3D White Whitestrips™ and Oral Essentials® Whitening Strips. CONCLUSIONS A novel commercial tooth whitening strip demonstrated a comparable beaching effect to a widely used OTC whitening strip. Neither whitening strip caused physical defects in the sample surfaces. However, the control strip caused roughening of the composite samples whereas the test strip did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thair Takesh
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Anik Sargsyan
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Matthew Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Afarin Anbarani
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Jessica Ho
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
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Tekçe N, Pala K, Demirci M, Tuncer S. Changes in surface characteristics of two different resin composites after 1 year water storage: An SEM and AFM study. SCANNING 2016; 38:694-700. [PMID: 27062131 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate changes in surface characteristics of two different resin composites after 1 year of water storage using a profilometer, Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 46 composite disk specimens (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) were fabricated using Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Clearfil Majesty Posterior (Kuraray Medical Co, Tokyo, Japan). Ten specimens from each composite were used for surface roughness and microhardness tests (n = 10). For each composite, scanning electron microscope (SEM, n = 2) and atomic force microscope (AFM, n = 1) images were obtained after 24 h and 1 year of water storage. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a post-hoc Bonferroni test. Microhardness values of Clearfil Majesty Esthetic decreased significantly (78.15-63.74, p = 0.015) and surface roughness values did not change after 1 year of water storage (0.36-0.39, p = 0.464). Clearfil Majesty Posterior microhardness values were quite stable (138.74-137.25, p = 0.784), and surface roughness values increased significantly (0.39-0.48, p = 0.028) over 1 year. One year of water storage caused microhardness values for Clearfil Majesty Esthetic to decrease and the surface roughness of Clearfil Majesty Posterior increased. AFM and SEM images demonstrated surface detoration of the materials after 1 year and ensured similar results with the quantitative test methods. SCANNING 38:694-700, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Tekçe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kansad Pala
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Demirci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Tuncer
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cengiz E, Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Ulusoy N, Deniz ST, Yuksel-Devrim E. The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of five different composite resins: A SEM evaluation. SCANNING 2016; 38:277-283. [PMID: 26854422 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) on the surface roughness of five different composite resins using profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thirty-six specimens (1 mm thick, 10 mm in diameter) of five composite resins were fabricated. Each composite group was equally divided into three subgroups as control, CP and HP. In control group, specimens were stored in daily refreshed distilled water during the 14-day testing period. In other groups, 10% HP (Opalescence Treswhite) and 10% CP (Opalescence PF) were applied and surface roughness values (Ra) of each specimen were measured with a profilometer at the end of 14 days. Additionally, SEM analysis was performed to evaluate the surface deformations of composite resins. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Ra values of composite groups exposed to bleaching agents were statistically higher than control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Ra values after HP and CP application within each composite group while SEM micrographs showed higher surface alterations at HP group compared to CP. Among the composite resins tested, Ceram-X Mono revealed the lowest Ra values after CP and HP applications as seen at SEM images. Home bleaching agents increased the surface roughness of all composites. Except CP applied Ceram-X mono specimens, Ra values of all composite resins evaluated in this study exceeded the critical limit of 0.2 μm. Ceram-X mono was the least affected composite material after bleaching application. SCANNING 38:277-283, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Cengiz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Nuran Ulusoy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sule Tugba Deniz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Roughness and microhardness of composites after different bleaching techniques. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2015; 13:e381-8. [PMID: 26616752 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness and microhardness of SonicFill™ (Kerr), and compare it with Filtek™ Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) after 2 bleaching regimens. METHODS Sixty cylindrical specimens (10 × 2 mm) of each of the 2 composites were prepared and divided into 6 groups (n = 20): groups 1, 2: no treatment; groups 3, 4: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); and groups 5, 6: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) plus LED. After treatments, specimens were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5 °C/55 °C, dwell time 30 minutes). A mechanical roughness tester was employed to measure the surface roughness parameters and the Vickers test to measure microhardness. One-way ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni methods with a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS For SonicFill™, there was no statistically significant difference in microhardness between the control group (no. 1) and the bleached groups (nos. 3, 5), but there was difference between CP and HP treatments; for Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was no significant difference in microhardness among all groups. There was no significant difference in average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square of the roughness (Rq) among all groups. The mean roughness depth (Rz) parameter showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™, but in Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was a significant increase between control and bleaching treatments; roughness skewness (Rsk) showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™ and Filtek™ Supreme XTE, except for nos. 2 and 4, where the Rsk increased with CP. CONCLUSIONS The microhardness of Filtek™ Supreme XTE is less affected by bleaching than that of SonicFill™. Both bleaching treatments affect Rz in Filtek™ Supreme XTE in contrast to SonicFill™, but only the CP treatment affects the Rsk of Filtek™ Supreme XTE, with no significant effect of SonicFill™.
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3D Surface Profile and Color Stability of Tooth Colored Filling Materials after Bleaching. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:327289. [PMID: 26558267 PMCID: PMC4628962 DOI: 10.1155/2015/327289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of vital tooth bleaching with carbamide peroxide home bleaching and in-office bleaching on the color stability and 3D surface profile of dental restorative filling materials. Thirty discs (n = 30) measure 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick for each of three restorative materials. These are nanofilled composite Filtek Z350 XT, the submicron composite Estelite Σ Quick, and nanofilled glass ionomer Ketac N100 nanoionomer and were fabricated in shade A2. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10): subgroup A (Opalescence PF), subgroup B (Opalescence Boost in-office bleaching), and subgroup C (distilled water) serving as control. Samples were bleached according to the manufacturer's instructions for a period of two weeks. The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE L(*), a(*), b(*)) system was chosen for image processing, while 3D surface profile was tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Statistical analyses were performed with the Mann-Whitney tests and Krusal-Wallis with a P value of ≤ 0.05. The three restorative materials showed significant color changes (ΔE); P ≤ 0.05. In diminishing order, the mean color changes recorded were Estelite Σ (3.82 ± 1.6) > Ketac Nano (2.97 ± 1.2) > Filtek Z350 XT (2.25 ± 1.0). However, none of the tested materials showed statistically significant changes in surface roughness; P > 0.05.
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Zuryati AG, Qian OQ, Dasmawati M. Effects of home bleaching on surface hardness and surface roughness of an experimental nanocomposite. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:356-61. [PMID: 23956541 PMCID: PMC3740650 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Home bleaching agents may not be safe for composite resins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 10 and 20% Opalescence® PF home bleaching agents on the surface roughness and hardness of universal nanocomposite (Filtek Z350), anterior nanocomposite (KeLFiL), and nanohybrid composite (TPH 3). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four composite resin samples with 18 samples for each type of composite resin were prepared using acrylic molds (4 × 2 mm). Each type of composite resin was further divided into three groups [n = 6 controls were placed in distilled water for 14 days and the other two groups of n = 6 were bleached with 10 and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP), respectively for 14 days]. Surface hardness of the composite resin was tested with a Vickers hardness tester, whereas surface roughness was tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results: There were significant changes in the surface hardness of KeLFiL and TPH 3. However, all the tested materials showed no significant changes in the surface roughness. Conclusion: After 14 days of home bleaching treatment, there was no adverse effect on the surface roughness of all three composite resins, although the surface hardness for KeLFiL and TPH 3 were significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab-Ghani Zuryati
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Varanda E, Do Prado M, Simão RA, Dias KRHC. Effect of in-office bleaching agents on the surface roughness and morphology of different dental composites: An AFM study. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:481-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Varanda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - Maíra Do Prado
- Department of Dental Clinic; Division of Endodontics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - Renata A. Simão
- Department of Metallurgic and Materials Engineering; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
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Li R, Ma X, Liang S, Sa Y, Jiang T, Wang Y. Optical properties of enamel and translucent composites by diffuse reflectance measurements. J Dent 2012; 40 Suppl 1:e40-7. [PMID: 22546264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the optical properties of natural enamel and translucent composites by diffuse reflectance measurements and Kubelka-Munk's theory. METHODS Twenty natural enamel slabs and 80 composite replicas using four brands of translucent composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Brilliant New line and Beautiful II; n=20) were evaluated at thicknesses of 1.0mm. The spectral distributions of enamel and composites were measured by means of a reflectance spectrophotometer. Optical constants including scattering coefficient (S), absorption coefficient (K), light reflectivity (RI) and infinite optical thickness (X(∞)) were calculated from the spectral reflectance data using Kubelka's equations. Paired t-tests were performed to evaluate the differences of optical constants (S, K, RI and X(∞)) between natural enamel and composites. RESULTS The optical constants S and K decreased with increasing wavelength, while RI and X(∞) increased with increasing wavelength within the visible spectrum. The values of enamel were in the range of the optical constants of these composites within the visible spectrum. However, there were significant differences of optical constants (S, K, RI and X(∞)) between enamel and translucent composites (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The optical constants of translucent composites were not completely consistent with that of natural enamel. In addition, the optical properties of these translucent composites varied with the brands of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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18
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Sa Y, Wang Z, Ma X, Lei C, Liang S, Sun L, Jiang T, Wang Y. Investigation of three home-applied bleaching agents on enamel structure and mechanical properties: an in situ study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:035002. [PMID: 22502559 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.3.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The safety of at-home tooth bleaching, based upon carbamide peroxide (CP) or hydrogen peroxide (HP) as the active agent, has been questioned. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three differently concentrated home-applied bleaching agents on human enamel under in situ conditions. Sixty specimens were divided randomly into four groups and treated with 10% CP, 15% CP, 20% CP, and distilled water, respectively. Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), microhardness, and fracture toughness (FT) measurements were conducted to determine variations on enamel structure and mechanical properties before and after the bleaching process. Raman revealed little variation of Raman relative intensity after treatment with CP, which was consistent with the results of ATR-IR, AFM, and microhardness analyses. In addition, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) intensity, and FT showed significant decreases on CP-treated specimens. These findings suggested there were minimal demineralization effects of the three at-home bleaching agents on enamel in situ. However, the decrease of LIF intensity and FT on enamel seemed to be inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sa
- Wuhan University, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan 430079, China
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19
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Mendes APKF, Barceleiro MDO, Reis RSAD, Bonato LL, Dias KRHC. Changes in surface roughness and color stability of two composites caused by different bleaching agents. Braz Dent J 2012; 23:659-66. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two bleaching agents (10% and 35% hydrogen peroxide) on the color stability and surface roughness of two composites, one nanohybrid and one nanoparticle. Specimens were polished, aged, stained, bleached and polished again. The action of the bleaching agents on the composites was analyzed using a profilometer (surface roughness) and a spectrophotometer (color stability). The effect of polishing the composites on the surface roughness and the resumption of the composite color was also evaluated. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. The analysis indicated that the nanohybrid composite was more affected by staining. The bleaching agents were not able to promote bleaching of either composite over the evaluation period. Surface polishing returned nanohybrid composite to its original color condition, which did not occur for the nanoparticle composite. Additionally, polishing did not return the surface roughness of either composite to its original value. It may be concluded that polishing surface after bleaching should not be the treatment of choice, as it was not possible to reverse the roughness of the composites to their original values, suggesting that a more extensive and irreversible degradation might have occurred.
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20
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Abu-Eittah MR, Mandour MH. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Three Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations on the Corrosion Behavior and Surface Topography of Alumina-Reinforced Dental Ceramic. J Prosthodont 2011; 20:541-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2011.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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21
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Ourique SAM, Arrais CAG, Cassoni A, Ota-Tsuzuki C, Rodrigues JA. Effects of different concentrations of carbamide peroxide and bleaching periods on the roughness of dental ceramics. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:453-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Malkondu Ö, Yurdagüven H, Say EC, Kazazoğlu E, Soyman M. Effect of Bleaching on Microhardness of Esthetic Restorative Materials. Oper Dent 2011; 36:177-86. [PMID: 21702674 DOI: 10.2341/10-078-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
High-concentration carbamide peroxide containing home bleaching may cause a varying influence on the microhardness of esthetic restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Malkondu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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23
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da Silva MAB, de Oliveira GJPL, Tonholo J, Júnior JGDS, Santos LDM, Dos Reis JIL. Effect of the insertion and polymerization technique in composite resin restorations: analysis of marginal gap by atomic force microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2010; 16:779-784. [PMID: 20920378 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610093931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the marginal gap at the composite tooth/resin interface in class V cavities under the influence of two insertion techniques and a curing system by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Forty enamel and dentin cavities were prepared on the buccal surface in bovine teeth with quadratic forms measuring 2 mm × 2 mm and depth of 1.5 mm. The teeth were then divided into four groups: group A, 10 cavities were restored in one increment, light cured by halogen light; group B, 10 cavities filled with bulk filling, light cured by the light emitting diodes (LED); group C, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by halogen light; group D, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by the LED. The teeth underwent the polishing procedure and were analyzed by AFM for tooth/restoration interface evaluation. The data were compared between groups using the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). The results showed a statistically significant difference between groups A and B and groups A and C. It was concluded that no insertion and polymerization technique was able to completely seal the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Aurélio Bomfim da Silva
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13414-903, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
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24
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Fernández MR, Carvalho RV, Ogliari FA, Beira FA, Etges A, Bueno M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of sodium percarbonate: a comparison with bleaching agents commonly used in discoloured pulpless teeth. Int Endod J 2010; 43:102-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Celik C, Yüzügüllü B, Erkut S, Yazici AR. Effect of Bleaching on Staining Susceptibility of Resin Composite Restorative Materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2009; 21:407-14. [PMID: 20002929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciğdem Celik
- Baskent University, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, 06490, Bahcelievler, Ankara, Turkey.
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26
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Li Q, Yu H, Wang Y. Colour and surface analysis of carbamide peroxide bleaching effects on the dental restorative materials in situ. J Dent 2009; 37:348-56. [PMID: 19203820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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27
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Zaki AA, Fahmy NZ. The Effect of a Bleaching System on Properties Related to Different Ceramic Surface Textures. J Prosthodont 2009; 18:223-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2008.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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28
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Boston DW, Jefferies SR. Effects of a 36% tooth bleaching gel on zinc phosphate cement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 92:456-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Yu H, Li Q, Hussain M, Wang Y. Effects of bleaching gels on the surface microhardness of tooth-colored restorative materials in situ. J Dent 2008; 36:261-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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30
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Batista LHC, Júnior JGDS, Silva MFA, Tonholo J. Atomic force microscopy of removal of dentin smear layers. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2007; 13:245-50. [PMID: 17637073 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927607070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The regular periodontal practice of scaling and root planing produces a smear layer on the root surface that is detrimental to the readhesion of tissues during subsequent regeneration therapy. Although it has been demonstrated that gels containing the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can assist in the removal of this contaminating layer, no quantitative method is yet available by which to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment. In this article, the power of atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a technique for monitoring and mapping the surfaces of dentinal roots is demonstrated. Roughness parameters of teeth that had been scaled and root planed were determined from AFM images acquired both before and after treatment with EDTA. The results confirmed that EDTA is an efficient cleaning agent and that dentinal samples free from a smear layer are significantly rougher than the same samples covered by a contaminating layer. AFM analysis is superior to alternative methods involving scanning electron microscopy because the same sample section can be analyzed many times, thus permitting it to be used as both the control and the treatment surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Carvalho Batista
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970 Maceió-AL, Brazil
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