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DA P, Angel L S, Chaudhari PK, Yadav SC, Duggal R. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of metallic ion release of orthodontic brackets in three different pH conditions - An invitro study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:435-440. [PMID: 38832295 PMCID: PMC11144748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoridated mouth rinses improve anti-cariogenic environment but decrease oral pH below critical value, affecting orthodontic bracket surface topography and causing corrosive changes over prolonged use. This invitro study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the surface topography and metallic ion release of the stainless steel (SS) brackets at varying acidic and alkaline pH. Materials and methods Forty unused SS brackets were divided into four groups (Group A, B, C, D) and immersed for 48- hours in solutions of artificial saliva and sodium fluoride (0.2 %) mouth rinse at varying pH of 5.5,6.7,7 and 8. The surface morphologic changes were analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 50×, 150×, and 500× magnification. The changes in slot area were scored using the customized scale. The Energy Dispersive Xray Spectroscopy Analysis (EDAX) was used to estimate the probed elements' atomic and weight percentage. Results The mean score of the scale was 3.4 for the brackets immersed in the acidic solution which was statistically significant (p = 0.00)and for alkaline and neutral solutions (p = 0.00). Chromium was found to be significantly higher in the alkaline solution (p = 0.016) followed by the neutral solution. Carbon was found excess in acidic solution than the neutral and alkaline solution. Conclusion Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the ion release in stainless steel brackets using SEM and EDAX revealed the corrosive effect of fluoride ion causing maximum surface changes in acidic medium and chromium release in alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep DA
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Saraa Angel L
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Subhash C. Yadav
- Department of Electron Microscopy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Jothy K. Evaluation of the Effects of Povidone Iodine and Hydrogen Peroxide Mouthwashes on Orthodontic Archwires: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:228-237. [PMID: 37469261 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of two preprocedural mouthrinses, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and povidone iodine (PI) on the surface characteristics and mechanical properties of nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS) orthodontic archwires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five wire specimens were used, each (0.016" NiTi, 0.016" SS wires, 0.016 × 0.022" NiTi and 0.016 × 0.022" SS wires) specimen was cut into 30 mm lengths and immersed in 9% of artificial saliva and 91% of two preprocedural mouthrinse solutions: 1.5% hydrogen peroxide mouthwash, 0.2% povidone-iodine mouthwash, and distilled water (control group) for 90 minutes and incubated at 37°C. The wire specimens were then subjected to a three-point bending test for mechanical testing and viewed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate their surface characteristics. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS The results showed a significant increase in the flexural modulus (E) of Nitinol wires in povidone-iodine gargle (p < 0.05) and a significant increase in the E of stainless steel wires in hydrogen peroxide mouthwash (p < 0.05). Analysis using SEM showed varying qualitative surface changes in the form of corrosion, voids, and ridges on the wires after exposure to both the mouthwashes. CONCLUSION Though there were significant changes in the flexural modulus of archwires for both the mouthwashes, hydrogen peroxide did not show a significant difference in the E of wires at most of the deflection intervals when compared with the other two solutions, hence, could be used in orthodontic patients as an effective preprocedural mouthrinse. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Preprocedural mouthrinses can cause surface irregularities on the wires which in turn lead to an increase in friction at the bracket-wire interface, thereby disrupting effective tooth movement and extending the orthodontic treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavichithraa Jothy
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College & Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India, e-mail:
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Bobić Z, Kojić S, Stojanović GM, Terek V, Kovačević L, Terek P. Nanotopography Evaluation of NiTi Alloy Exposed to Artificial Saliva and Different Mouthwashes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238705. [PMID: 36500200 PMCID: PMC9739356 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitinol (NiTi) alloy is a widely used material for the production of orthodontic archwires. Its corrosion behavior in conditions that exist in the oral cavity still remains a great characterization challenge. The motivation behind this work is to reveal the influence of commercially available mouthwashes on NiTi orthodontic archwires by performing non-electrochemical corrosion tests and quantifying the changes in the nanotopography of commercially available NiTi orthodontic wires. In this study, we examined the behavior of NiTi alloy archwires exposed for 21.5 days to different corrosive media: artificial saliva, Eludril®, Aquafresh®, and Listerine®. The corrosion was characterized by contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) before and after the corrosion tests. A novel analysis methodology was developed to obtain insight into locations of material gain or material loss based on standard surface roughness parameters Sa, Sdr, Ssk, and S10z. The developed methodology revealed that fluoride-containing mouthwashes (Aquafresh® and Listerine®) dominantly cause material loss, while chloride-containing mouthwash (Eludril®) can cause both material loss and material gain. The sample exposed to artificial saliva did not display significant changes in any parameter.
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Espinoza-Montero PJ, Montero-Jiménez M, Fernández L, Paz JL, Piñeiros JL, Ceballos SM. In vitro wearing away of orthodontic brackets and wires in different conditions: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10560. [PMID: 36325428 PMCID: PMC9621092 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The release of metallic ions from orthodontic
brackets and wires typically depends on their quality (chemical composition) and
the medium to which they are exposed, e.g., acidic, alkaline, substances with a
high fluoride concentration, etc. This review examines corrosion and wear of
orthodontic brackets, wires, and arches exposed to different media, including:
beverages (juices), mouthwashes and artificial saliva among others, and the
possible health effects resulting from the release of metallic ions under
various conditions. Objective This review aims to determine the exposure
conditions that cause the most wear on orthodontic devices, as well as the
possible health effects that can be caused by the release of metallic ions under
various conditions. Sources A search was carried out in the Scopus database,
for articles related to oral media that can corrode brackets and wires. The
initial research resulted in 8,127 documents, after applying inclusion and
exclusion criteria, 76 articles remained. Conclusion Stainless steel, which is commonly used in
orthodontic devices, is the material that suffers the most wear. It was also
found that acidic pH, alcohols, fluorides, and chlorides worsen orthodontic
material corrosion. Further, nickel released from brackets and wires can cause
allergic reactions and gingival overgrowth into patients.
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Belasic TZ, Pejova B, Curkovic HO, Kamenar E, Cetenovic B, Spalj S. Influence of intraoral application of antiseptics and fluorides during orthodontic treatment on corrosion and mechanical characteristics of nickel-titanium alloy in orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:528-537. [PMID: 33566077 DOI: 10.2319/052620-480.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether the commercial agents recommended for controlling dental biofilm formation had a significant effect in vivo on mechanical and corrosion properties of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS NiTi archwires (dimensions 0.508 × 0.508 mm) were collected from 36 orthodontic patients aged 13-42 years after a 3-month intraoral exposure. Three experimental groups were formed: (1) subjects conducting regular oral hygiene, (2) subjects who used fluorides for intensive prophylaxis for the first month, and (3) subjects who used chlorhexidine in the same manner. Corrosion behavior, surface characteristics, stiffness, hardness, and friction were analyzed. RESULTS Exposure to intraoral conditions significantly reduced the stiffness and hardness of the NiTi alloy (P ≤ .015). Fluoride tended to reduce stiffness and hardness more than did saliva or antiseptic, but not significantly. Roughness and friction were not significantly influenced by oral exposure. Intraoral aging predominantly produced general corrosion independent of the adjuvant prophylactic agent, although localized corrosion may also have occurred. CONCLUSIONS Fluorides and the antiseptic chlorhexidine do not increase corrosion more than saliva itself, nor do they further modify the mechanical properties of the NiTi alloy.
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Chantarawaratit PO, Yanisarapan T. Exposure to the oral environment enhances the corrosion of metal orthodontic appliances caused by fluoride-containing products: Cytotoxicity, metal ion release, and surface roughness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:101-112. [PMID: 33966956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the metal ion release, cytotoxicity, and surface roughness of clinically used metal orthodontic appliances after immersion in different fluoride product solutions compared with those of new appliances. METHODS Used fixed appliances were debonded from 36 patients after their treatment was done. New appliances were as-received. Each used and new group comprised 36 sets of 20 brackets and 4 tubes that were divided into 3 groups by archwire type; stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium. The samples in each group were divided into 3 subgroups and immersed in solutions of fluoride toothpaste, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, or artificial saliva without fluoride as a control group. The immersion times were estimated from the recommended time for using each fluoride product for 3 months. The samples were then immersed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium for 7 days. The cytotoxicity test was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using primary gingival fibroblasts. Chromium, nickel, and iron ion release were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The surface roughness of the brackets and wires was measured by a scanning electron microscope and a noncontact optical 3-dimensional surface characterization and roughness measuring device. The data were analyzed using the paired t test and 2-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Used brackets demonstrated a significantly higher ion release, surface roughness, and cytotoxicity than the new brackets. Acidulated phosphate fluoride significantly increased the ion release and surface roughness; however, it significantly decreased cell viability, especially in the titanium molybdenum subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Used brackets were significantly prone to further corrosion. Acidulated phosphate fluoride gel should not be used in orthodontic patients with fixed metal appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tipanan Yanisarapan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chitra P, Prashantha GS, Rao A. Effect of fluoride agents on surface characteristics of NiTi wires. An ex vivo investigation. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:435-440. [PMID: 32817814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To analyze the degree of corrosion of nickel titanium arch wires in patients with and without exposure to fluorides. Material and methods This was an ex vivo study comprising of 60 subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Group 1(controls) comprised of 30 sets of new unused NiTi wires and unused 11, 15 brackets, Group 2(patients) comprised of 30 sets of non fluoridated NiTi wires and 11, 15 brackets and Group 3(patients) had 30 sets of fluoridated NiTi wires and 11, 15 brackets. NiTi wires were used over 6 months of treatment(0.014″,0.016″, 16 × 22", each wire was used for 2 months and replaced with the next size). All wires were retrieved, stored and analyzed. At 6 months, brackets from 11 to 15 were debonded in both treatment groups. Archwires and brackets in 3 groups were subjected to SEM analysis at 500 and 1000X to observe differences. Additionally, EDX Spectroscopy was undertaken to evaluate surface elemental compositional differences in groups. Results Significant differences among groups were evident in brackets and archwires tested. Maximum degradation, cracks and dark spots were seen in wires and brackets exposed to fluoride agents. EDX spectroscopy revealed least Ni% in fluoridated wires and brackets. Conclusions Increased leaching of metal ions was evident when wires and brackets are exposed to fluoride agents during treatment. Use of non fluoridated mouthwash and toothpastes may be considered in orthodontic patients without risk of caries to mitigate such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Chitra
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500087, India
| | - G S Prashantha
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Arun Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
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Ogawa CM, Faltin K, Maeda FA, Ortolani CLF, Guaré RO, Cardoso CAB, Costa ALF. In vivo assessment of the corrosion of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires by using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:928-936. [PMID: 32233101 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess in vivo the corrosion in two commercial nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires removed from the oral cavity of patients using fluoride mouthwashes. Five volunteers took part in this study on the corrosion behavior of two brands of NiTi archwires (3M and AO (brand of archwire)) during use of two mouthwashes with neutral sodium fluoride 1.1%, one with acidulated fluoride 1.1%, and one with placebo and a control group. Each patient used one mouthwash in three different periods of time for 1 min a day for 30 days. The archwires were assessed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The values obtained with atomic force microscopy (AFM) were submitted to normality test, two-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. The AFM images showed a gradual qualitative increase in the roughness of both types of wire between the treatments: control < placebo < neutral fluoride < acidulated fluoride. The arithmetic average of the roughness and root mean square of the roughness were similar. As for 3M archwires, only the acidulated fluoride group differed statistically from the others. As for AO archwires, the control and placebo groups did not differ from each other, but differed from the other fluoride treatments. The group using neutral fluoride also differed significantly from the acidulated fluoride group. 3M archwires were not affected by daily oral challenges. AO archwires were not affected by daily oral challenges either; their association with fluoride, either neutral or acidulated, increased their roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso M Ogawa
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kurt Faltin
- Departament of Orthodontics, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Maeda
- Department of Orthodontics and Radiology, University City of São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata O Guaré
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A B Cardoso
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L F Costa
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
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Albuquerque CGD, Correr AB, Venezian GC, Santamaria M, Tubel CA, Vedovello SAS. Deflection and Flexural Strength Effects on the Roughness of Aesthetic-Coated Orthodontic Wires. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:40-45. [PMID: 28301016 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the flexural strength and the effects of deflection on the surface roughness of esthetic orthodontic wires. The sample consisted of 70 archwire 0.014-inch: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)-coated Nickel-Titanium (Niti) archwires (Titanol Cosmetic-TC, Flexy Super Elastic Esthetic-FSE, esthetic Nickel Titanium Wire-ANT); epoxy resin-coated Niti archwires (Spectra-S, Niticosmetic-TEC); gold and rhodium coated Niti (Sentalloy-STC) and a control group (superelastic Niti (Nitinol-NS). The initial roughness was evaluated with a rugosimeter. After that, the wires were submitted to flexural test in an universal testing machine. Each wire was deflected up to 2 mm at a speed of 1 mm/min. After flexural test, the roughness of the wires was evaluted on the same surface as that used for the initial evaluation. The data of roughness and flexural strength were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). Student t-test compared roughness before and after deflection (a =0.05). The roughness of S and ANT (epoxy resin and PTFE-coated wires, respectively), before and after deflection, was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Wire deflection significantly increased the roughness of the wires S and STC (p<0.05). The flexural strength of groups FSE and NS (PTFE and uncoated) was higher compared with that of the other groups (p<0.05). We concluded that the roughness and flexural strength of the orthodontic wires does not depend on the type of the esthetic coating, but it is influenced by the method of application of this coating. The deflection can increase the roughness of the esthetic orthodontic wires.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Américo Bortolazzo Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milton Santamaria
- Department of Orthodontics, Fundação Hermínio Ometto-UNIARARAS, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Tubel
- Department of Orthodontics, Fundação Hermínio Ometto-UNIARARAS, Araras, SP, Brazil
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Sherief DI, Abbas NH. The effect of food simulating liquids on the static frictional forces and corrosion activity of different types of orthodontic wires. J World Fed Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aghili H, Yassaei S, Eslami F. Evaluation of the effect of three mouthwashes on the mechanical properties and surface morphology of several orthodontic wires: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2017; 14:252-259. [PMID: 28928779 PMCID: PMC5553253 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.211629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the changes in the mechanical properties and surface morphology of different orthodontic wires after immersion in three mouthwash solutions. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, five specimens of each of 0.016 inch nickel titanium (NiTi), coated NiTi, and stainless steel orthodontic wires were selected. The specimens were immersed in 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF), 0.2% chlorhexidine, Zataria multiflora extract, and distilled water (control) for 1.5 h at 37°C. After immersion, loading and unloading forces at 0.5 mm intervals and the elastic modulus (E) of the wires were measured using a three-point bending test. Surface changes were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used to compare the properties of the wires. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Statistically significant changes in loading and unloading forces and E of the orthodontic wires were observed after immersion in different mouthwash solutions (P < 0.05). A pairwise comparison showed a nonsignificant difference between the effect of different mouthwashes on the E of different types of wires (P > 0.05). SEM images showed surface changes in some types ofthe orthodontic wires. Conclusion: The mouthwashes used in this study seemed to change the mechanical properties and surface quality of the orthodontic wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aghili
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sogra Yassaei
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Eslami
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abbassy MA. Fluoride influences nickel-titanium orthodontic wires' surface texture and friction resistance. J Orthod Sci 2016; 5:121-126. [PMID: 27843886 PMCID: PMC5084473 DOI: 10.4103/2278-0203.192114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects exerted by the acidulated fluoride gel on stainless steel and nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) orthodontic wires. Materials and Methods: Sixty stainless steel and Ni-Ti orthodontic archwires were distributed into forty archwires used for in vitro study and twenty for in situ study. Fluoride was applied for 1 h in the in vitro experiment while it was applied for 5 min in the in situ experiment. The friction resistance of all wires with ceramic brackets before/after topical fluoride application was measured using a universal testing machine at 1 min intervals of moving wire. Moreover, surface properties of the tested wires before/after fluoride application and before/after friction test were examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Dunnett's t-test was used to compare frictional resistance of as-received stainless steel wires and Ni-Ti wires to the wires treated by fluoride in vitro and in situ (P < 0.05). Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the effect of fluoride application and type of wire on friction resistance in vitro and in situ (P < 0.05). Results: Ni-Ti wires recorded significantly high friction resistance after fluoride application when compared to stainless steel wires in vitro, P < 0.05. Fluoride application did not significantly affect the friction resistance of the tested wires in situ, P < 0.05. SEM observation revealed deterioration of the surface texture of the Ni-Ti wires after fluoride application in vitro and in situ. Conclusions: The in vitro fluoride application caused an increase in friction resistance of Ni-Ti wires when compared to stainless steel wires. In vitro and in situ fluoride application caused deterioration in surface properties of Ni-Ti wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aly Abbassy
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21381, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Rudge P, Sherriff M, Bister D. A comparison of roughness parameters and friction coefficients of aesthetic archwires. Eur J Orthod 2014; 37:49-55. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cju004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Toniollo MB, Galo R, Macedo AP, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF, Mattos MDGCD. Effect of fluoride sodium mouthwash solutions on cpTI: evaluation of physicochemical properties. Braz Dent J 2013; 23:496-501. [PMID: 23306224 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of fluoride, which is present in different oral hygiene products, deserve more investigation because little is known about their impact on the surface of titanium, which is largely used in Implantology. This study evaluated the surface of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) after exposure to different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF). The hypothesis tested in this study was that different concentrations of NaF applied at different time intervals can affect the titanium surface in different ways. The treatments resulted in the following groups: GA (control): immersion in distilled water; GB: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min daily; GC: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min daily; GD: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks; and GE: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks. The experiment lasted 60 days. Roughness was measured initially and every 15 days subsequently up to 60 days. After 60 days, corrosion analysis and anodic polarization were done. The samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The roughness data were analyzed by ANOVA and there was no significant difference among groups and among time intervals. The corrosion data (i(corr)) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test, and significant differences were found between GA and GC, GB and GC, GC and GD, GC and GE. SEM micrographs showed that the titanium surface exposed to NaF presented corrosion that varied with the different concentrations. This study suggests that the use of 0.05% NaF solution on cpTi is safe, whereas the 0.2% NaF solution should be carefully evaluated with regard to its daily use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Bighetti Toniollo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Hosseinzadeh Nik T, Hooshmand T, Farazdaghi H, Mehrabi A, Razavi ESE. Effect of chlorhexidine-containing prophylactic agent on the surface characterization and frictional resistance between orthodontic brackets and archwires: an in vitro study. Prog Orthod 2013; 14:48. [PMID: 24325758 PMCID: PMC3895700 DOI: 10.1186/2196-1042-14-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the surface characterization and frictional resistance between stainless steel brackets and two types of orthodontic wires made of stainless steel and nickel-titanium alloys after immersion in a chlorhexidine-containing prophylactic agent. Methods Stainless steel orthodontic brackets with either stainless steel (SS) or heat-activated nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wires were immersed in a 0.2% chlorhexidine and an artificial saliva environment for 1.5 h. The frictional force was measured on a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min over a 5-mm of archwire. The surface morphology of bracket slots and surface roughness of archwires after immersion in chlorhexidine were also characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. Results There was no significant difference in the frictional resistance values between SS and Ni-Ti wires immersed in either chlorhexidine or artificial saliva. The frictional resistance values for the SS and Ni-Ti wires immersed in 0.2% chlorhexidine solution were not significantly different from that inartificial saliva. No significant difference in the average surface roughness for both wires before (as-received) and after immersion in either chlorhexidine or artificial saliva was observed. Conclusions One-and-half-hour immersion in 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse did not have significant influence on the archwires surface roughness or the frictional resistance between stainless steel orthodontic brackets and archwires made of SS and Ni-Ti. Based on these results, chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinses may be prescribed as non-destructive prophylactic agents on materials evaluated in the present study for orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabassom Hooshmand
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174, Iran.
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Huang SY, Huang JJ, Kang T, Diao DF, Duan YZ. Coating NiTi archwires with diamond-like carbon films: reducing fluoride-induced corrosion and improving frictional properties. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:2287-92. [PMID: 23793493 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to coat diamond-like carbon (DLC) films onto nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires. The film protects against fluoride-induced corrosion and will improve orthodontic friction. 'Mirror-confinement-type electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering' was utilized to deposit DLC films onto NiTi archwires. The influence of a fluoride-containing environment on the surface topography and the friction force between the brackets and archwires were investigated. The results confirmed the superior nature of the DLC coating, with less surface roughness variation for DLC-coated archwires after immersion in a high fluoride ion environment. Friction tests also showed that applying a DLC coating significantly decreased the fretting wear and the coefficient of friction, both in ambient air and artificial saliva. Thus, DLC coatings are recommended to reduce fluoride-induced corrosion and improve orthodontic friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
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D'Antò V, Rongo R, Ametrano G, Spagnuolo G, Manzo P, Martina R, Paduano S, Valletta R. Evaluation of surface roughness of orthodontic wires by means of atomic force microscopy. Angle Orthod 2012; 82:922-928. [PMID: 22339276 PMCID: PMC8823114 DOI: 10.2319/100211-620.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the surface roughness of different orthodontic archwires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four nickel-titanium wires (Sentalloy(®), Sentalloy(®) High Aesthetic, Titanium Memory ThermaTi Lite(®), and Titanium Memory Esthetic(®)), three β-titanium wires (TMA(®), Colored TMA(®), and Beta Titanium(®)), and one stainless-steel wire (Stainless Steel(®)) were considered for this study. Three samples for each wire were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three-dimensional images were processed using Gwiddion software, and the roughness average (Ra), the root mean square (Rms), and the maximum height (Mh) values of the scanned surface profile were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test (P < .05). RESULTS The Ra, Rms, and Mh values were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Among as-received archwires, the Stainless Steel (Ra = 36.6 ± 5.8; Rms = 48 ± 7.7; Mh = 328.1 ± 64) archwire was less rough than the others (ANOVA, P < .05). The Sentalloy High Aesthetic was the roughest (Ra = 133.5 ± 10.8; Rms = 165.8 ± 9.8; Mh = 949.6 ± 192.1) of the archwires. CONCLUSIONS The surface quality of the wires investigated differed significantly. Ion implantation effectively reduced the roughness of TMA. Moreover, Teflon(®)-coated Titanium Memory Esthetic was less rough than was ion-implanted Sentalloy High Aesthetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Antò
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Amini F, Rakhshan V, Pousti M, Rahimi H, Shariati M, Aghamohamadi B. Variations in surface roughness of seven orthodontic archwires: an SEM-profilometry study. Korean J Orthod 2012; 42:129-37. [PMID: 23112943 PMCID: PMC3481981 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2012.42.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of 2 types of orthodontic archwires made by 4 different manufacturers. METHODS This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 35 specimens of 7 different orthodontic archwires, namely, 1 nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwire each from the manufacturers American Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, All-Star Orthodontics, and Smart Technology, and 1 stainless steel (SS) archwire each from the manufacturers American Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, and All-Star Orthodontics. After analyzing the composition of each wire by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, the SR of each wire was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface profilometry. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α < 0.05). RESULTS The average SR of NiTi wires manufactured by Smart Technology, American Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, and All-Star Orthodontics were 1,289 ± 915 A°, 1,378 ± 372 A°, 2,444 ± 369 A°, and 5,242 ± 2,832 A°, respectively. The average SR of SS wires manufactured by All-Star Orthodontics, OrthoTechnology, and American Orthodontics were 710 ± 210 A°, 1,831 ± 1,156 A°, and 4,018 ± 2,214 A°, respectively. Similar to the results of profilometry, the SEM images showed more defects and cracks on the SS wire made by American Orthodontics and the NiTi wire made by All-Star Orthodontics than others. CONCLUSIONS The NiTi wire manufactured by All-Star Orthodontics and the SS wire made by American Orthodontics were the roughest wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Amini
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Fais LMG, Fernandes-Filho RB, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Vaz LG, Adabo GL. Titanium surface topography after brushing with fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste simulating 10 years of use. J Dent 2012; 40:265-75. [PMID: 22265989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a controlled study contrasting titanium surface topography after procedures that simulated 10 years of brushing using toothpastes with or without fluoride. METHODS Commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V disks (6 mm Ø×4 mm) were mirror-polished and treated according to 6 groups (n=6) as a function of immersion (I) or brushing (B) using deionised water (W), fluoride-free toothpaste (T) and fluoride toothpaste (FT). Surface topography was evaluated at baseline (pretreatment) and post-treatment, using atomic force microscope in order to obtain three-dimensional images and mean roughness. Specimens submitted to immersion were submerged in the vehicles without brushing. For brushed specimens, procedures were conducted using a linear brushing machine with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Immersion and brushing were performed for 244 h. IFT and BFT samples were analysed under scanning electron microscope with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Pre and post-treatment values were compared using the paired Student T-test (α=.05). Intergroup comparisons were conducted using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test (α=.05). RESULTS cp Ti mean roughness (in nanometers) comparing pre and post-treatment were: IW, 2.29±0.55/2.33±0.17; IT, 2.24±0.46/2.02±0.38; IFT, 2.22±0.53/1.95±0.36; BW, 2.22±0.42/3.76±0.45; BT, 2.27±0.55/16.05±3.25; BFT, 2.27±0.51/22.39±5.07. Mean roughness (in nanometers) measured in Ti-6Al-4V disks (pre/post-treatment) were: IW, 1.79±0.25/2.01±0.25; IT, 1.61±0.13/1.74±0.19; IFT, 1.92±0.39/2.29±0.51; BW, 2.00±0.71/2.05±0.43; BT, 2.37±0.86/11.17±2.29; BFT, 1.83±0.50/15.73±1.78. No significant differences were seen after immersions (p>.05). Brushing increased the roughness of cp Ti and of Ti-6Al-4V (p<.01); cp Ti had topographic changes after BW, BT and BFT treatments whilst Ti-6Al-4V was significantly different only after BT and BTF. EDS has not detected fluoride or sodium ions on metal surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to toothpastes (immersion) does not affect titanium per se; their use during brushing affects titanium topography and roughness. The associated effects of toothpaste abrasives and fluorides seem to increase roughness on titanium brushed surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiza M G Fais
- Araraquara Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
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Abalos C, Paúl A, Mendoza A, Solano E, Gil FJ. Influence of topographical features on the fluoride corrosion of Ni-Ti orthodontic archwires. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2813-2821. [PMID: 22042458 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Different manufacturing processes of Ni-Ti archwires respond differently to corrosion due to the surface conditions involved. In this study, several topographical features and their influence upon fluoride corrosion were studied. Four topographies (smooth, dimple, scratch, and crack) according to the main surface defect were characterized (n = 40). Static corrosion tests were performed in artificial saliva with fluorated prophylactic gel (12500 ppm) for 28 days. The surface was characterized by SEM and laser confocal microscopy. Standard electrochemical corrosion (open circuit potential, corrosion potential and corrosion current density) was performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using the ANOVA test (α ≤ 0.05). An increase was observed in the surface defects and/or roughness of the cracked and scratched surfaces. These defects produced an important increase in corrosion behavior. The best surfaces for the orthodontic archwires were the smooth and dimpled surfaces, respectively. The increase in defects was independent of roughness. Manufacturing processes that produce surface cracks should be avoided in orthodontic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abalos
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Yokoyama K, Yazaki Y, Sakai J. Inhibition of hydrogen embrittlement of Ni-Ti superelastic alloy in acid fluoride solution by hydrogen peroxide addition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 98:404-11. [PMID: 21630433 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the hydrogen embrittlement of Ni-Ti superelastic alloy in an acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) solution has been attempted by adding various amounts of H(2)O(2). In a 0.2% APF solution, hydrogen absorption is markedly inhibited by adding H(2)O(2), although corrosion is slightly enhanced by increasing the amount of added H(2)O(2). By adding a small amount of H(2)O(2) (0.001 M), in the early stage of immersion, hydrogen embrittlement is inhibited and corrosion is only slightly enhanced. Upon adding H(2)O(2), it appears that the dominant cathodic reactions change from hydrogen evolution to H(2)O(2) reduction reactions, or the surface conditions of the alloy are changed by H(2)O(2) with a high oxidation capability, thereby inhibiting hydrogen absorption. The present study clearly indicates that infinitesimal addition of H(2)O(2) into acid fluoride solutions is effective for the inhibition of the hydrogen embrittlement of the alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichi Yokoyama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Choi S, Park KH, Cheong Y, Kim HK, Park YG, Park HK. Changes in ultrastructure and properties of bracket slots after orthodontic treatment with bicuspid extraction. SCANNING 2011; 33:25-32. [PMID: 21271608 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of an orthodontic treatment using a bicuspid extraction on the surface roughness and mechanical properties of stainless steel (SS) brackets adjacent to the extraction space. Four experimental groups were employed; groups 1 and 2 used the Archist(®) SS brackets before and after the extraction treatment, respectively, and groups 3 and 4 used the Victory(®) SS brackets before and after the extraction treatment, respectively. The slot surfaces of the bracket were scanned in air at a resolution of 512 × 512 pixels with a scan speed of 0.8 line/s. The visco-elasticity of the bracket slot was determined from the force-distance curves of atomic force microscopy. The orthodontic treatment with bicuspid extraction led to a significant increase (p<0.0001) in surface roughness in both groups. In particular, the Archist(®) SS brackets showed more changes than the Victory(®) SS brackets (p<0.0005). However, there was no significant difference in properties of the Victory(®) and Archist(®) brackets between before and after treatment. This suggests that the orthodontic treatment with bicuspid extraction is more responsible for the changes in surface roughness than the properties of the brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Relation corrosion électrochimique et propriétés tribologiques des alliages orthodontiques. Int Orthod 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Relationship between electrochemical corrosion and the tribologic properties of orthodontic alloys. Int Orthod 2010; 8:360-71. [PMID: 21112264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical properties of orthodontic alloys (SS, CuNiTi and TMA) and the impact of corrosion on their friction coefficient. Twelve pairs of 5-cm long 017×.025 rectangular wires (SS/SS, CuNiTi/SS, TMA/SS) were formed and SEM observations and friction tests were conducted on the surface of each pair of wires. Then, each type of alloy was dipped in artificial saliva during different immersion times (24h, 48h, 72h and 1week). Following the electrochemical tests, the samples were recovered for a second series of SEM observations and a second friction test. After 24h of immersion, we observed corrosive attacks on the surface of the alloys and a reduction of the friction coefficients. After 1week, we observed surface passivation and an increased friction coefficient which attained values identical to those prior to immersion. One can conclude that, at the onset of corrosion, the friction coefficient decreases but that this advantage diminishes after passivation of the alloy surfaces.
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Lee GJ, Park KH, Park YG, Park HK. A quantitative AFM analysis of nano-scale surface roughness in various orthodontic brackets. Micron 2010; 41:775-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ormiga F, da Cunha Ponciano Gomes JA, de Araújo MCP. Dissolution of Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Files via an Electrochemical Process: A New Concept for Future Retrieval of Fractured Files in Root Canals. J Endod 2010; 36:717-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Toniollo MB, Tiossi R, Macedo AP, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF, Mattos MDGCD. Effect of fluoride-containing solutions on the surface of cast commercially pure titanium. Braz Dent J 2009; 20:201-4. [PMID: 19784464 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402009000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of fluoride-containing solutions on the surface of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) obtained by casting. CP Ti specimens were fabricated and randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=10): group 1: stored in distilled water at 37 +/- 1 masculineC; group 2: stored in distilled water at 37 +/- 1 masculineC and daily immersed in 0.05% NaF for 3 min; group 3: stored in distilled water at 37 +/- 1 masculineC and daily immersed in 0.2% NaF for 3 min; group 4: stored in distilled water at 37 +/- 1 masculineC; and immersed in 0.05% NaF every 15 days for 3 min; and group 5: stored in distilled water at 37 +/- 1 masculineC and immersed in 0.2% NaF every 15 days for 3 min. Surface roughness was measured with a profilometer immediately after metallographic polishing of the specimens (T0) and at 15-day intervals until completing 60 days of experiment (T15, T30, T45, T60). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in surface roughness among the solutions. In conclusion, fluoride-containing solutions (pH 7.0) used as mouthwashes do not damage the surface of cast CP Ti and can be used by patients with titanium-based restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Bighetti Toniollo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Szustakiewicz B, Djerbi N, Gondy A, Derki M, Devulder-Salana A, Pindi G, Rakotomalala H, Sergent O, Swead M, Tronet J. [Behavior of materials in the oral environment]. Orthod Fr 2009; 80:99-135. [PMID: 19327280 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2009001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Stájer A, Ungvári K, Pelsőczi IK, Polyánka H, Oszkó A, Mihalik E, Rakonczay Z, Radnai M, Kemény L, Fazekas A, Turzó K. Corrosive effects of fluoride on titanium: Investigation by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and human epithelial cell culturing. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:450-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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