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Moreira PM, Carvalho GLM, de Castro Albuquerque R, André CB. Effect of hydrofluoric acid and self-etch ceramic primers on the flexural strength and fatigue resistance of glass ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:198-210. [PMID: 39027733 PMCID: PMC11254839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the effect of different hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching regimens and a self-etch ceramic primer (SECP) on the flexural strength (FS) and fatigue failure load (FFL) of glass-ceramic materials.The identification of relevant studies was conducted by two authors in five databases: PubMED, Scopus, Web Of Science, LILACS and Virtual Health Library (BVS) until July 2022 with no year limit. The analysis was conducted in RevMan 5.4.1 Software (Cochrane Collaboration) using Random effect model at 5 %. The risk of bias of the included studies were assessed. From the 5349 articles identified, 34 were included for quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis showed that for predominantly glassy ceramics, etching with HF 5 % had no significant impact on FS, however, HF acid etching with concentrations greater than 5 % negatively impacted FS. For lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LDGC) HF acid etching, negatively influenced FS, while increasing the FFL. HF etching negatively affected FS of hybrid ceramics. The self-etch ceramic primer and HF acid etching showed a similar impact on FFL and FS. This meta-analysis indicates that the impact of SECP and HF acid etching on the mechanical behavior of glass ceramics is material-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matias Moreira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo de Castro Albuquerque
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bosso André
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Temp RW, Packaeser MG, Machry RV, Dapieve KS, Rippe MP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Characteristic fatigue strength and reliability of dental glass-ceramics: Effect of distinct surface treatments - Hydrofluoric acid etching and silane treatment vs one-step self-etching ceramic primer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106338. [PMID: 38159495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to mechanically characterize through flexural fatigue test two CAD-CAM glass-ceramics according to distinct surface etching protocols. To do so, feldspathic (FELD) and lithium disilicate (LD) glass ceramics were subjected to different surface treatments: (1) control - no treatment (Ctrl); (2) conventional protocol etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid followed by silane coupling agent application (HF + SIL; Monobond N, Ivoclar); or (3) using a self-etching ceramic primer (E&P; Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar). Ceramic discs (N = 120; Ø = 12 mm; thickness = 1.2 mm) were produced from CAD-CAM blocks, with 60 being from FELD (VITABLOCS Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik) and 60 from LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar). Next, 20 disks of each ceramic were allocated into three groups: Ctrl, HF + SIL, or E&P. Surface roughness data were collected on all samples before and after surface treatments (except for Ctrl). Cyclic fatigue (n = 15) biaxial flexural strength tests were performed by the piston-on-three-balls geometry (ISO 6872) considering the test parameters established from a monotonic test (n = 5). The monotonic test was carried out at a 1 mm/min loading rate and 500 kgf loading cell until fracture to obtain the failure data. The cyclic fatigue test was executed underwater at a frequency up to 20 Hz, with the first stress being 25% of the monotonic test for 5000 cycles, followed by increments of 5% of the monotonic test at each step of 10,000 cycles until failure (fracture). Complementary fractography, topography and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses were performed. Characteristic Fatigue Strength (CFS) and Weibull modulus were analyzed by Weibull analysis using the fatigue test data. Roughness and complementary analysis data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The statistical results exhibited similar CFS among Ctrl, HF + SIL and E&P for both glass-ceramics. The survival analysis corroborates the findings, however the Weibull modulus pointed out superior structural reliability of FELD treated with the E&P group compared to HF + SIL. According to the complementary analyses, HF + SIL exhibited a higher surface area than E&P and Ctrl for FELD (p = 0.001). Roughness showed statistically significant differences among conditions for FELD (E&P < Ctrl = HF + SIL; p < 0.05) and no difference for LD (p > 0.05). Therefore, the CFS were not influenced by any condition evaluated for FELD and LD glass-ceramics; however, superior structural reliability (higher Weibull modulus) for the feldspathic ceramic treated with the E&P was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatta Wrasse Temp
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Packaeser
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Pivetta Rippe
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Wu X, Liu K, Luo R, Xu J, Chen M. Atmospheric plasma treatment: an alternative of HF etching in lithium disilicate glass-ceramic cementation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1259707. [PMID: 38107620 PMCID: PMC10722223 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1259707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) could modify the surface of lithium disilicate glass ceramics (LDC) instead of hydrofluoric acid (HF) in LDC resin cementation. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-two LDC blocks were randomly divided into seven groups: Group 1 (16 specimens) was the blank control group (without HF or APPJ treatment); Group 2 (36 specimens) was etched by HF; Groups 3-7 (36 specimens each) were treated with APPJ, and the relative air humidity (RAH) of the discharge was 22.8%, 43.6%, 59.4%, 75.2%, and 94.0%, respectively. Three LDC blocks in each group were characterized via X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, 3 blocks via contact angle measurements, and other 10 blocks via surface roughness measurements. The residual LDC blocks in groups 2-7 were cemented to composite cylinders. Testing the cemented specimens' shear bond strength (SBS) before and after thermocycling (6,500 cycles of 5°C and 55°C) revealed fracture patterns. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (post hoc: Bonferroni) (α = 0.05). Results: After APPJ treatment, the water contact angle values of APPJ treated blocks dropped from 31.37° to 5.66°, while that of HF etched ones dropped to 18.33°. The O/C ratio increased after HF etching or APPJ treatment according to the calculated results, except for the APPJ-treated samples at a RAH of 22.8%. The surface roughness of LDC blocks showed no statistic difference before and after APPJ treatment, but experienced significant difference after HF etching. The O/Si and O/C ratios varied after HF etching or APPJ treatment. No significant difference in SBS values could be found among groups 2-7 before or after artificial aging (p > 0.05). All specimens showed mixed failure patterns. Conclusion: The APPJ treatment method reported in this study is a promising novel strategy for surface modification of the LDC. With acceptable bonding strength, it might be an alternative to HF in LDC-resin cementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhao Xu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingsheng Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Assaf A, Azer SS, Sfeir A, Al-Haj Husain N, Özcan M. Risk Factors with Porcelain Laminate Veneers Experienced during Cementation: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4932. [PMID: 37512206 PMCID: PMC10381715 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The clinical success of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) depends on many clinical and technical factors, from planning to execution, among which adhesive cementation is of significant importance. This procedure carries many risk factors if not optimally executed. The objective of this study was to document the clinical parameters affecting successful cementation procedures with a focus on the adhesive strength, integrity, and esthetics of the PLVs. A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, complemented by a hand search using predefined keywords. Articles published in English between 1995 and 2023 were selected. According to this review, the success and longevity of PLVs rely in great part on the implementation of a precise cementation technique, starting from field isolation, adequate materials selection for adhesion, proper manipulation of the materials, the seating of the veneers, polymerization, and elimination of the excess cement. Several clinical steps performed before cementation, including treatment planning, preparation, impression, and adequate choice of the restorative material, could affect the quality of cementation. Scientific evidence suggests careful implementation of this process to achieve predictable outcomes with PLVs. The short- and long-term clinical success of adhesively luted PLVs is tributary to a deep understanding of the materials used and the implementation of clinical protocols. It is also contingent upon all the previous steps from case selection, treatment planning, and execution until and after the cementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Assaf
- Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Shereen S Azer
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentisry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Nadin Al-Haj Husain
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Essam N, Soltan H, Attia A. Influence of thickness and surface conditioning on fracture resistance of occlusal veneer. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37138255 PMCID: PMC10157962 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to assess the impact of restoration thickness, surface conditioning and the interaction between them on the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM fabricated lithium disilicate occlusal veneers. METHODS A total of 42 maxillary molars were prepared to receive CAD/CAM fabricated lithium disilicate occlusal veneer either with 0.5 mm (n = 21) or 1 mm (n = 21) thickness. Each main group was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 7), according to surface treatment, HF acid (HF-1, HF-0.5), acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF-1, APF-0.5) and Monobond etch & prime (MON-1, MON-0.5). Multilinik N (Ivoclar-Vivadent) adhesive resin cement was used for bonding according to the manufacturer instructions. One hour after bonding, specimens were stored in water bath for 75 days followed by cyclic loading fatigue for 240,000 cycles to simulate clinical situation. Finally, specimens were fractured under compressive load in (N) using a universal testing machine. Two and one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The means ± SD (N) fracture load for each group were calculated. MON-1 group showed the highest fracture load (1644.7 ± 155.3) followed by HF-1 group (1514.6 ± 212.5). Meanwhile, APF-0.5 showed the lowest fracture load (962 ± 249.6). CONCLUSION CAD/CAM fabricated lithium disilicate occlusal veneers can be used with a thickness of 0.5 mm instead of conventional crowns. Monobond etch & prime is recommended as a surface treatment for CAD/CAM fabricated lithium disilicate occlusal veneer due to biological hazards of Hydrofluoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Essam
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura university, El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Hassan Soltan
- Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura university, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Attia
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura university, El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.
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Kumar N, Zafar MS. Weibull statistics for strength evaluation of viscoelastic resin-based dental composites. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1099-1100. [PMID: 37009397 PMCID: PMC10050765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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Effect of resin cement elastic modulus on the biaxial flexural strength and structural reliability of an ultra-thin lithium disilicate glass-ceramic material. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:787-796. [PMID: 36576566 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photo- and dual-polymerized resin-based luting agent was evaluated for elastic moduli effects on ultra-thin lithium disilicate (LD) glass-ceramic strengthening, structural reliability, and stress distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred-sixty LD discs (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar/Vivadent) were produced in ultra-thin thicknesses (half with 0.3 mm and the other half with 0.5 mm). The ultra-thin ceramic disks were coated with two different cement types (Variolink Veneer - V and Panavia F 2.0 - P). Two positive control groups were tested following hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching (LDt3, LDt5) and two negative control groups were tested for untreated ceramic (LD 3, LD 5). Biaxial flexural strength (BFS), characteristic strength (σ0) and Weibull modulus (m) were the response variables (n = 20) at the ceramic/resin cement interface (z = 0). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate maximum principal stress. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the failed specimens using fractography and surface morphology. RESULTS The BFS of LD at either thickness was not affected by cement types, as also demonstrated by FEA. Structural reliability significantly improved in the positive control group (LDt5). CONCLUSION The cementation of ultra-thin LD with a resin-cement of varying elastic moduli did not influence BFS. LD surface modification by HF acid-etching increased the reliability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ultra-thin anterior veneer designs made from lithium disilicate have been widely proposed and the apparent success of LD ultra-thin veneers was not influenced by the cement choice in the current studies albeit the elastic moduli luting agents used were of similar values.
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A brief review on fatigue test of ceramic and some related matters in Dentistry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105607. [PMID: 36549251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of dental ceramics have been extensively studied over the years to provide highly qualified materials for use in prosthetic restorations. The ability to adhere to dental substrates, outstanding aesthetics (translucency, color, and substrate masking ability) and improved mechanical properties provide these materials with optical features and high strength to withstand masticatory stimuli. Different classifications are adopted, and it is generally considered that glass-ceramics have better optical characteristics due to the high glass content, and polycrystalline ceramics have superior strength favored by their densified and organized crystals, hampering crack growth. This knowledge was largely built-up during years of scientific research through different testing methodologies, but mainly employing static loads. It is important to not only take into account the intensity of loads that these materials will be exposed to, but also the effect of the intermittence of cyclic load application leading to mechanical fatigue and the influence of factors related to the crack origin and their propagation under this condition. Furthermore, the bonding surface of ceramic restorations requires surface treatments that improve the bond strength to luting agents; however, these treatments require caution because of their potential to produce defects and affect the structural behavior. Moreover, ceramic restorations often require internal adjustments for proper seating or external adjustments for fitting the occlusal contact with the antagonist. In this sense, finishing/polishing protocols may alter the defect population, as luting agents may also interact by filling in the superficial defects on the restoration intaglio surface. Thus, the balance among all these factors will define the performance of a restorative setup, as well as the posterior exposure to the humid environment and the masticatory stimuli (cyclical loading), which may favor developing slow and subcritical growth of cracks in ceramic materials and the degradation of the bond interface. Therefore, it is essential that the concepts which explain the fatigue mechanism are understood, as well as the crack propagation and failure patterns of restorative ceramic materials.
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Dapieve KS, Pilecco RO, Pivetta JP, Machry RV, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Is the application of a silane-based coupling agent necessary to stabilize the fatigue performance of bonded simplified lithium disilicate restorations? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:104989. [PMID: 34864398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of ceramic surface conditioning and storage regimen (baseline vs. aging) on the fatigue performance of simplified lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations. A total of 90 ceramic discs (Ø= 10 mm; thickness= 1.0 mm) were allocated into 6 groups (n= 15), considering 2 factors: "ceramic surface treatment" - CA (only silane-based coupling agent, Monobond N), HF (5% hydrofluoric acid etching), or HF+CA (5% HF acid etching plus silane-based coupling agent); and "storage regimen" - baseline (24 hours - 5 days of distilled water at 37 °C), or long-term aging (180 days of distilled water at 37 °C + 25,000 thermal cycles). After intaglio ceramic conditioning, adhesive bonding (Multilink N) was performed onto epoxy resin discs (Ø= 10 mm; thickness= 2.5 mm) and the bonded sets were subjected to step-stress fatigue tests (initial load: 200 N; step-size: 50 N; 10,000 cycles per step; 20 Hz). Fatigue data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Weibull statistical analyses. Fractography and topography analyses were also conducted. The fatigue findings demonstrated that the performance among groups for both baseline and aging conditions maintained a tendency: the CA groups had the worst behavior (baseline: 893 N/143,667 cycles; aging: 639 N/84,179 cycles), while the surface etching with HF (baseline: 1247 N/214,333 cycles; aging: 816.67 N/128,333 cycles) and HF+CA groups (baseline: 1290 N/222,333 cycles; aging: 900 N/145,000 cycles) had no statistically significant difference between them. The aging protocol reduced the performance of all groups. The groups with better fatigue performance (HF and HF+CA) did not have statistical differences regarding structural reliability (Weibull modulus). Most failures were radial cracks from the cementation interface, except for CA aging specimens, with 27% failing from debonding. The HF etching led to noteworthy surface topographical alterations. Micromechanical interlocking resulting from HF acid etching remained prevalent in the fatigue behavior. Thus, the silane-based coupling agent (Monobond N) does not need to be applied after HF etching in terms of fatigue behavior outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Jordana Pavanelo Pivetta
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Arie Werner
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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May MM, Fraga S, May LG. Effect of milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching on the strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:1190-1200. [PMID: 33865557 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Whether procedures performed before the cementation of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) glass-ceramic restorations, including milling, fitting adjustment, and hydrofluoric acid etching introduce defects on the ceramic surface that affect the mechanical and surface properties is unclear. PURPOSE A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effect of milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) on the flexural strength and roughness (Ra) of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature searches were performed up to June 2020 in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, with no publication year or language limits. The focused question was "Do milling, fitting adjustments, and hydrofluoric acid etching affect the flexural strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics?" For the meta-analysis, flexural strength and Ra data on milling, fitting adjustment, and HF etching versus control (polishing) were analyzed globally. A subgroup analysis assessed the effect of etching parameters (HF concentration and time) on the flexural strength and roughness of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics with different microstructures. Comparisons were performed with random-effect models at 5% significance. RESULTS Fourteen studies from 2764 potentially relevant records were included in the qualitative syntheses, and 12 in the meta-analysis. Milling and fitting adjustments increased roughness and reduced the flexural strength of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics. The effect of HF etching was dependent on the glass-ceramic microstructure, HF concentration, and etching time. For feldspathic- and leucite-reinforced ceramics, HF 5% applied for between 30 and 120 seconds increased roughness without affecting flexural strength. For lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, HF concentrations greater than 4.9% used for 20 seconds or more reduced the strength without affecting the surface roughness. CONCLUSIONS The flexural strength of CAD-CAM glass-ceramic is reduced by grinding procedures such as milling and fitting adjustment. Ceramic microstructure, HF concentration, and etching time determined the effect of hydrofluoric acid etching on the flexural strength and surface roughness of glass-ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mirian May
- Postgraduate student, Postgraduate Program in Dental Science, Prosthodontics Units, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sara Fraga
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Liliana Gressler May
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Keshmiri N, Alaghehmand H, Mokhtarpour F. Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Surface Treatments on Surface Roughness and Three-Point Flexural Strength of Suprinity Ceramic. Front Dent 2021; 17:1-7. [PMID: 33615299 PMCID: PMC7883654 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v17i22.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration and etching time on the surface roughness (SR) and three-point flexural strength of Suprinity and to analyze the surface elements before and after etching. Materials and Methods To measure the SR, 70 specimens of Suprinity (2×4×5mm3) were assigned to seven groups (n=10). Six groups were etched for 20, 60, and 120 seconds with 5% and 10% HF and 7th group was the control group. Specimens were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). One specimen from each group was used to analyze the surface elements using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For measuring the three-point flexural strength, 60 specimens were divided into six groups (n=10) and etched as previously described. The flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results The 10% concentration of HF caused higher SR compared to the 5% HF. The effect of HF concentration on the flexural strength was significantly different in the 20- and 60-second etching groups. Different etching times had no significantly different effect on the SR. With 5% HF, the flexural strength was significantly higher for 20-second etching time than for the etching times of 60 and 120 seconds. With 10% HF, there was a significant difference in flexural strength between etching times of 20 and 120 seconds. The atomic percentage (at%) of silica was enhanced by increasing the etching time. Conclusion The best surface etching protocol comprises 10% HF used for 20 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Keshmiri
- Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghehmand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Faraneh Mokhtarpour
- Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Baeshen HA. Influence of photodynamic therapy and different conventional methods on conditioning of lithium di silicate ceramics bonded to metallic brackets: An assessment of bond strength. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102210. [PMID: 33592331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of different conditioning methods on Lithium di silicate (LDC) employing conventional and contemporary regimes bonded to metallic brackets. MATERIAL AND METHODS 70 discs of LDC were prepared and polished to attain smooth surface. Samples were allocated into seven groups according to ceramic surface conditioning. Group 1 surface treated with Er-YAG laser and saline (S), Group 2 PDT using MBP + S, Group 3 H F + S (control), Group 3 HF (Hydrofluoric acid) + saline, Group 4 HF (Hydrofluoric acid) + ultrasonic bath (UB) + S, Group 5 sand blasting the glass ceramic surface with 120 um Al2O3, Group 6 LDC surface conditioned with SECP(Etch and Prime) and Group 7 ECL(Laser) + S on was irradiated on LDC. Both chemical and mechanical surface treatments of LDC were followed by placement of metallic brackets. Samples were arranged in universal testing machine for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. Bond failure of brackets were assessed using ARI. To assess and compare the mean and standard deviations (SD) among experimental groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed. All treatment combination means were compared using the post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test at a significance level of (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS SBS values of Group 2 H F acid + S displayed highest bond durability (22.28 ± 1.09 MPa). Whereas, specimens in Group 4 surface treated with 120 μm Al2O3 displayed lowest SBS scores (11.81 ± 0.55 MPa) and these bond scores were comparable to PDT using MBP + S (12.54 ± 1.09 MPa) (p > 0.05). LDC surface treated by ECL + S (21.11 ± 3.85 MPa), HF + UB + S (19.28 ± 0.52 MPa) exhibited results comparable to HF acid + S (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION LDC conditioned with HFS still remains as gold standard. Use of PDT for surface treatment of LDC and bonded to metallic bracket is not recommended as it results in decreased bond durability. Use of ECL-S and HF + UB + S has a potential to be used alternatively to HFS for LDC conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam A Baeshen
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University. P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Agarwal N, Bansal S, Pai UY, Rodrigues SJ, Shetty TB, Saldanha SJ. Effect of post etching cleansing on surface microstructure, surface topography, and microshear bond strength of lithium disilicate. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2021; 20:363-370. [PMID: 33487963 PMCID: PMC7814682 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_443_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study assessed the effect of postetch cleansing on the surface microstructure, surface topography, and microshear bond strength (μSBS) of lithium disilicate and the resin cement. Setting and Design: In Vitro analytical study. Materials and Methods: Fifteen discs (10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from highly translucent lithium disilicate IPS Emax 2 ceramic (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Four resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, 3M ESPE) cylinders (0.9 mm diameter and 4 mm high) were placed on each ceramic disc (total n = 60). The samples were divided into three groups based on the surface treatment of the ceramic discs (20 resin cement cylinders on 5 discs in each group). Group I (HF) (control) etched with 9.6% HF with no postetch cleansing, Group II (HFP) etched with 9.6% HF for 20 s followed by rinsing with water and postetching cleansing with 37% phosphoric acid, and Group III (HFPU) etched with 9.6% HF followed by active application of 37% phosphoric acid followed by postetch cleansing in ultrasonic bath for 5 min. μSBS of resin cement to ceramic surfaces was tested following a standard protocol. Surface roughness was evaluated using an atomic force microscope. Surface topography and elemental analysis were analyzed using SEM/EDX. Mode of failure was also assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analysed using one way analysis of variance and post hoc tukeys test. Results: The μSBS were found to be highest for Group III (HFPU), followed by Group II (HFP) followed by Group I (HF) and were statistically significant. There was a difference in the surface topography and surface microstructure between the three groups. Mode of failure was predominantly adhesive. Conclusion: The μSBS, surface topography, and surface microstructure were found to be superior in the groups, in which postetch cleansing was done as compared to the control in which no postetch cleansing was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Agarwal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanchit Bansal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Umesh Yeshwanth Pai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha J Rodrigues
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thilak B Shetty
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharon J Saldanha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Strengthening ceramic surfaces with the use of resin cements based on thiourethane oligomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Zogheib LV, Lopes GR, Matos JD, Castro DS, Bottino MA, McCabe J, Kimpara ET. Effect of neutralization and hydrofluoric acid precipitate remotion on the compressive strength of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2020; 70:133-141. [PMID: 32181616 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.20.04330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cleaning protocol for the ceramic surface after acid etching resulted in a decrease in bond strength and flexural strength of a glass ceramic. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different ceramic surface treatments after hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) on the compressive strength of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns. METHODS Forty (40) human third molars received conventional full coverage preparation. After performing digital impressions of teeth preparations, ceramic blocks were machined using a CAD/CAM system in order to obtain the crowns. The crowns were distributed in 4 groups as ceramic surface treatment (N.=10): (HF) - 4.9% HF for 20s + air-water spray for 30s; (HFN) - HF + neutralizing agent for 5 min (N); (HFU) - HF + ultrasonic bath for 5 min (U); e (HFNU) - HF + N + U. SEM and EDS analysis was performed in each group in order to characterize the ceramic surface and to verify the chemical element distribution after HF cleaning protocols. A silane layer was applied (for 60s), and crowns were then cemented with dual resin cement. A compressive load was applied on the middle of the occlusal crown surface with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). RESULTS Fluoride ions were found in samples of all postetching cleaning protocols. The mean value (Kgf) was: HF =169.92±21.37; HFN =187.34±34.79; HFU =166.63±40.22 and HFNU=175.26±40.22. The ceramic surface treatment after HF etching did not significantly influence (P>0.05) the compressive strength of the tested ceramic crowns. CONCLUSIONS Surface treatments with neutralizing agent associated with the ultrasonic bath as the pre-cementation protocol was the most efficient protocol in eliminating the precipitate deposited on the porosities created by acid etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas V Zogheib
- Department of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Lopes
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil -
| | - Jefferson D Matos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Castro
- Department of Dentistry, University Center Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marco A Bottino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - John McCabe
- School of Dental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Estevão T Kimpara
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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MOURA DMD, ARAÚJO AMMD, SOUZA KBD, VERÍSSIMO AH, TRIBST JPM, SOUZA RODAE. Hydrofluoric acid concentration, time and use of phosphoric acid on the bond strength of feldspathic ceramics. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Photosensitization of lithium di-silicate ceramic by Er, Cr: YSGG and fractional carbon dioxide laser bonded to orthodontic bracket. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:273-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Çelik E, Şahin SC, Dede DÖ. Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of indirect resin composite to resin matrix ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11:223-231. [PMID: 31497270 PMCID: PMC6718842 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of an indirect resin composite (IRC) to the various resin matrix ceramic (RMC) blocks using different surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine cubic RMC specimens consisting of a resin nanoceramic (RNC), a polymer-infiltrated hybrid ceramic (PIHC), and a flexible hybrid ceramic (FHC) were divided randomly into three surface treatment subgroups (n = 11). In the experimental groups, untreated (Cnt), tribochemical silica coating (Tbc), and Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation (Lsr) with 3 W (150 mJ/pulse, 20 Hz for 20 sec.) were used as surface treatments. An indirect composite resin (IRC) was layered with a disc-shape mold (2 × 3 mm) onto the treated-ceramic surfaces and the specimens submitted to thermal cycling (6000 cycles, 5 – 55℃). The SBS test of specimens was performed using a universal testing machine and the specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscope to determine the failure mode. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS According to the two-way ANOVA, only the surface treatment parameter was statistically significant (P<.05) on the SBS of IRC to RMC. The SBS values of Lsr-applied RMC groups were significantly higher than Cnt groups for each RMC material, (P<.05). Significant differences were also determined between Tbc surface treatment applied and untreated (Cnt) PIHC materials (P=.039). CONCLUSION For promoting a reliable bond strength during characterization of RMC with IRC, Nd:YAG laser or Tbc surface treatment technique should be used, putting in consideration the microstructure and composition of RMC materials and appropriate parameters for each material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersan Çelik
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Sezgi Cinel Şahin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Doğu Ömür Dede
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Schmitt de Andrade G, Diniz V, Datte CE, Pereira GKR, Venturini AB, Campos TMB, Amaral M, Bottino MA, Valandro LF, Marques de Melo R. Newer vs. older CAD/CAM burs: Influence of bur experience on the fatigue behavior of adhesively cemented simplified lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:172-179. [PMID: 31009901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the CAD/CAM burs experience (newer vs older as consequence of the milling sequence) on fatigue failure load (FFL), number of cycles for failure (CFF), and survival rates of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic simplified restorations adhesively cemented to a dentin analogue substrate. Three sets of CAD/CAM burs were used to mill disc-shaped ceramic specimens (1 bur set - 18 milled discs with 10 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness), considering the bur experience as a result of the milling sequence to compose the study groups: G1-6 - discs obtained from the 1st to 6th milling of each bur set; G7-12 - specimens from the 7th to 12th milling; G13-18 - discs from the 13th to 18th. Discs of dentin analogue (G10, 10 mm diameter and 2.0 mm thickness) were made to serve as substrate (base material) and randomly assigned into pairs with the respective ceramic discs. Then, the ceramic discs were adhesively cemented onto the dentin analogue substrate, composing a three-layer specimen that mimics a monolithic restoration of a posterior tooth. Specimens were tested under stepwise fatigue approach: frequency = 20 Hz, 5000 cycles at maximum load of 400 N to accommodate the testing assembly, followed by incremental steps of 200 N with initial load ranging from 10 to 1000 N, to a maximum of 20,000 cycles/each step, until the occurrence of failure (radial crack). FFL and CFF were recorded at the end of the testing and subjected to statistical analysis. Supplementary roughness analysis of the milled surface was performed (n = 18) using a contact profilometer. Residual stress after milling and acid etching were accessed via X-ray Diffractometry analysis. FFL and CFF were not affected by increase on bur experience (no statistical differences among groups), despite that, it affected both Ra and Rz parameters (G1-6 had the smoothest surface). The residual stress concentration was negligible (milling did not induce residual stress concentration). It is concluded that the fatigue behavior of adhesively cemented lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic restorations was not influenced by CAD/CAM bur experience (newer vs older as consequence of the milling sequence), and so the residual stress concentration induced by milling was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Schmitt de Andrade
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Vandeberg Diniz
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Datte
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | | | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- Oral Science, Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | - Marina Amaral
- Department of Dentistry (Prosthetic Dentistry), University of Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Oral Science, Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp) - Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Conceição LD, de Pereira CMP, Forgie AH, Leite FRM. Staining protocols to improve the detection of composite restorations in human identification. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 297:198-203. [PMID: 30826603 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The improvement of aesthetic properties of dental materials has hampered the work of forensic experts in cases of identification. Even in dental practice, the identification of the margins of restorations has become a challenge. OBJECTIVE To establish protocols to improve the visual contrast between teeth and composites using dyes. METHOD Anterior and premolar human teeth were chosen (n = 40) and class V cavities were made in the lingual/palatal and buccal surfaces. Ten commercially available dyes were dissolved in distilled water. Three protocols were proposed using phosphoric acid (Gphos) and hydrofluoric acid (Ghydro) for 60 s followed by application of the dye for 20 s. The control group (Gcontrol) was acid free, i.e. only distilled water was applied. Data was analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn´s tests. RESULTS Analyses showed that darker dyes, such as crystal violet, methylene blue, malachite green and neutral red, had better results (p < 0.001). The composite brand did not influence the results (p > 0.05). Both Gphos and Ghydro were effective in discriminating restorations when compared to Gcontrol (p > 0.001). No differences were detected between Gphos and Ghydro protocols (p > 0.05). In Gphos, the enamel surface was stained leaving the restoration without pigmentation. Oppositely, in Ghydro the composite filling was coloured, but not the enamel. In Gcontrol, both enamel and restoration were stained indistinctively. CONCLUSION Tooth etching with either phosphoric or hydrofluoric acids was suitable to discriminate the presence of aesthetic dental fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana D Conceição
- INCT FORENSE, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Claudio M P de Pereira
- INCT FORENSE, Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Lipidomics and Bioorganic, Bioforensic Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil.
| | | | - Fábio R M Leite
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
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Alkhudhairy F, Naseem M, Ahmad ZH, Alnooh AN, Vohra F. Efficacy of phototherapy with different conventional surface treatments on adhesive quality of lithium disilicate ceramics. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:292-295. [PMID: 30648642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) of LDC and resin composite in combination with phototherapy and different ceramic surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHOD Forty Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic (LDC) disks measuring (4 × 4 x 9 mm) were fabricated. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each) according to the surface treatment. Group 1 H F + Silane (Control); Group 2 HF + Ultrasonic bath + Silane; Group 3 SECP (Self etch ceramic primer) and Group 4 phototherapy (Er, Cr: YSGG) + Silane. On each ceramic disk a resin build-up was done. For SBS the specimens were subjected to increasing load with a transversal velocity of 1 ml/min on a universal testing machine on a ceramic resin interface. Failure mode was evaluated using digital microscope. The failure modes were divided into adhesive, cohesive and admixed interface. Data through bond strength testing was tabulated using statistical program for social science (SPSS). Means and standard deviations were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The maximum and minimum bond strength was observed in group 2 [19.58(1.011)] and group 1 [17.14(1.122)] respectively. The bond strength among experimental group 1 [17.14 (1.122)] and group 4 [17.48(1.145)] were found to be comparable. Specimens in Group 2 displayed significantly higher bond strength among all experimental groups. Commonly adhesive failure mode was observed in the present study, with an incidence of 60%, 100% and 70% in groups 1,2 and 3 correspondingly. CONCLUSION Phototherapy using laser at frequency 30 Hz and 4.5 W can be used as a surface conditioner for LDC alternate to HF acid. Conditioning of LDC using Self-etch ceramic primer showed better SBS outcomes as compared to phototherapy (Er, Cr: YSGG laser).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alkhudhairy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Preventive Dental sciences, Riyadh Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeeshan H Ahmad
- Restorative Department, College of Dentistry King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abrar N Alnooh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Po-Box: 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Esmaeili B, Soleimani L, Alaghemand H, Fatemi S. Effect of heat treatment and addition of 4-META to silane on microtensile bond strength of IPS e.max CAD ceramic to resin cement. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.266086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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23
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ANDRADE CGDS, CARNEIRO DPA, NABARRETTE M, CORRER AB, VALDRIGHI HC. Influence of hydrofluoric acid etching time and concentration on shear bond strength of metal brackets to ceramic surfaces. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.10219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Surface treatment prior to bonding ceramic brackets with hydrofluoric acid is indicated because of its ability to promote morphological changes necessary for adhesion. Objective To evaluate the shear bond strength (RUC) of metal brackets bonded to the feldspar ceramic surface under the action of hydrofluoric acid (AF), in different concentrations (5% and 10%) and different application times (30 and 60 seconds). Material and method Four nickel-chrome metal blocks that received an application of feldspathic ceramic were used, to which 80 metal brackets (Abzil/3M) were bonded and divided into 4 Groups (n=20) according to the acid etching procedure. The blocks were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 30 and 60 seconds (AF5/30 and AF5/60, respectively) and 10% hydrofluoric acid for 30 and 60 seconds (AF10/30, AF10/60, respectively). The resin composite used was Transbond XT (3M) and the presence of a glazer was maintained on the ceramic surface. The specimens were placed on a Universal test machine Instron 4411 (Instron Corp, USA) to which a chisel was adapted to perform the shear test at a speed of 1mm/min. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Adhesive Remnant Index was evaluated. Result In the time interval of 30 seconds, there was no significant difference for the 5% and 10% hydrofluoric acid concentrations. In the 60-second time interval, the 10% concentration showed significantly higher shear bond strength values (p<0.05). The ARI showed predominance of scores 1 and 2. Conclusion It was concluded that 10% hydrofluoric acid showed higher shear bond strength values in 60 seconds of etching, while 5% hydrofluoric acid showed no significant difference between the etching times.
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Prochnow C, Venturini AB, Grasel R, Gundel A, Bottino MC, Valandro LF. Adhesion to a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic Etched with Hydrofluoric Acid at Distinct Concentrations. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:492-499. [PMID: 30517449 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of different hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentrations on the bond strength between a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic and a resin cement. Eighty ceramic-blocks (12×7×2 mm) of IPS e.Max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) were produced and randomly assigned to 8 groups, considering 2 study factors: HF concentration in 4 levels, i.e., 1% (HF1), 3% (HF3), 5% (HF5), and 10% (HF10), and storage in 2 levels, i.e., baseline (tests were performed 24 h after cementation), and aged (storage for 150 days + 12,000 thermal-cycles at 5°C and 55°C). Acid etching (20 s) was performed, followed by washing, drying, and silanization. Four resin cement cylinders (ϕ= 0.96 mm) were built-up from starch matrices on each ceramic sample (n= 40). Additional ceramic samples were etched and analyzed for contact angle, micro-morphology, and roughness. In baseline condition (without aging), the HF3, HF5, and HF10 groups showed similar bond strength values (13.9 - 15.9 MPa), and HF1 (11.2 MPa) presented lower values than HF5, being that statistically different (p= 0.012). After aging, all the mean bond strengths statistically decreased, being that HF3, HF5, and HF10 (7.8 - 11 MPa) were similar and higher than HF1 (1.8 MPa) (p= 0.0001). For contact angle, HF3, HF5, and HF10 presented similar values (7.8 - 10.4°), lower than HF1 and CTRL groups. HF5 and HF10 presented rougher surfaces than other conditions. For better bond strength results, the tested ceramic may be etched by HF acid in concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catina Prochnow
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Unit), Dental School, UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Unit), Dental School, UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Grasel
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Unit), Dental School, UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Gundel
- School of Physics, UNIPAMPA - Universidade Federal do Pampa, Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Cícero Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Unit), Dental School, UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Liebermann A, Detzer J, Stawarczyk B. Impact of Recently Developed Universal Adhesives on Tensile Bond Strength to Computer-aided Design/Manufacturing Ceramics. Oper Dent 2018; 44:386-395. [PMID: 30517070 DOI: 10.2341/18-017-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this investigation was to test the tensile bond strength (TBS) between different computer-aided-design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics after conditioning using different universal adhesive systems and resin composite cement. METHODS AND MATERIALS Substrates of four CAD/CAM ceramics-1) VITABLOCS Mark II, 2) Initial LRF, 3) Celtra Duo, and 4) IPS e.max CAD (N=648, n=162)-were fabricated. VITABLOCS Mark II and Initial LRF were etched using 9% hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds, Celtra Duo for 30 seconds, and IPS e.max CAD for 20 seconds. Substrates for conditioning using Monobond Etch & Prime were untreated. The following adhesive systems were used: All-Bond Universal (ABU), Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB), G-Multi Primer (GMP), iBond Universal (IBU), Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP), Monobond Plus (MBP), One Coat 7 Universal (OCU), Prime&Bond Active (PBA), and Scotchbond Universal (SBU). Conditioned substrates were bonded using a resin composite cement (Variolink Esthetic DC), thermal cycled (20,000×, 5°C/55°C), and TBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with partial eta-squared, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman-Rho tests (α=0.05). RESULTS ABU, MEP, and MBP obtained the significantly highest TBS, while CUB, IBU, and OCO resulted in the lowest, regardless of the CAD/CAM ceramic. SBU showed varying TBS results depending on the CAD/CAM ceramic used. ABU, MEP, and MBP showed no impact of CAD/CAM ceramic on TBS values. ABU, GMP, MEP, and MBP showed predominantly cohesive failure types in luting composite, while CUB and OCU demonstrated adhesive failure types.
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Lima RBW, Murillo-Gómez F, Sartori CG, De Góes MF. Effect of light absence or attenuation on biaxial flexural strength of dual-polymerized resin cements after short- and long-term storage. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 31:80-87. [PMID: 30394656 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of dual resin cements is affected by light absence or attenuation, storage time, or cements' chemical nature. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty disk-shaped specimens were made from each cement (non-self-adhesive cement and self-adhesive cement) using Teflon molds on a controlled temperature surface (35°C). Specimens were polymerized as follows (N = 30): self-cured, directly light-cured, light-cured at a distance of 6 mm between the light tip and the specimen, and through a 6-mm thick composite resin barrier (indirectly light-cured). Each group was divided (N = 10) for storage purposes (15 minutes, 24 hours, and 6 months). Specimens were placed into a biaxial-flexure jig and a vertical load was applied until failure. The BFS values were subjected to generalized linear models statistical analysis and Weibull distributions (α = 0.05). RESULTS After 15 minutes aging, neither material achieved enough polymerization to perform the BFS test when polymerized using the self-curing mode. The self-adhesive product demonstrated much lower variation in strength with storage time than did the non-self-curing cement. CONCLUSIONS Attenuated/light-curing reduced BFS values only for 15-minutes storage period for both materials. Flexural strength of the self-adhesive cement was less affected by light absence/attenuation and storage time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Biaxial flexural strength of a self-adhesive resin cement is less sensitive to variation in light application and storage time than is a non-self-adhesive cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renally B W Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabián Murillo-Gómez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Cristiana G Sartori
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário F De Góes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Internal adjustments decrease the fatigue failure load of bonded simplified lithium disilicate restorations. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e225-e235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hydrofluoric acid concentrations: Effect on the cyclic load-to-failure of machined lithium disilicate restorations. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e255-e263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Murillo-Gómez F, Wanderley RB, De Goes MF. Impact of Silane-containing Universal Adhesive on the Biaxial Flexural Strength of a Resin Cement/Glass-ceramic System. Oper Dent 2018; 44:200-209. [PMID: 30106330 DOI: 10.2341/17-356-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether using a silane-containing universal adhesive as a silane primer in glass-ceramic/resin cement systems affects biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and bonded interface integrity after loading. Glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar/Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) disc-shaped specimens (6.5±0.1mm in diameter, 0.5±0.1mm thick) were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 20 seconds and divided into four groups of 30 specimens, to be treated as follows: 1) One bottle silane primer (RCP); 2) Separate application of silane and adhesive (RCP+SB); 3) Silane-containing universal adhesive (SBU); 4) No treatment (C). After silanization, all specimens were resin cement- coated and polymerized for 40 seconds. Each specimen layer was measured, as well as each assembly's thickness, using a digital caliper and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specimens were stored for 24 hours and submitted to a BFS test (1.27 mm/min). BFS values were calculated using the bilayer disc-specimen solution. Bonded interfaces were analyzed on fractured fragments using SEM. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05) were applied, as well as the Weibull analysis. Factor "silane treatment" was statistically significant ( p<0.0001). RCP+SB (372.2±29.4 MPa) and RCP (364.2±29.5 MPa) produced significantly higher BFS than did the C (320.7±36.3 MPa) or SBU (338.0±27.1 MPa) groups. No differences were found in the Weibull modulus ( m: RCP: 10.1-17.3; RCP+SB: 10.1-17.0; SBU: 12.3-22.4; C: 7.4-12.9). Bonded interface analysis exhibited ceramic-cement separation (SBU, C) and voids within the resin cement layer (all groups). Neither the ceramic/cement system's BFS nor its bonded interface stability were improved by SBU after loading.
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Uwalaka CO, Karpukhina N, Cao X, Bissasu S, Wilson RM, Cattell MJ. Effect of sandblasting, etching and resin bonding on the flexural strength/bonding of novel glass-ceramics. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1566-1577. [PMID: 30072165 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To process novel leucite glass-ceramics and test the effects of surface treatment and resin bonding on the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and shear bond strength (SBS). METHODS Alumino-silicate glasses were ball-milled, and heat treated to form leucite glass-ceramics (LG-C, OLG-C), then sintered into ingots. Ingots were heat extruded into a refractory mould to form disc specimens (1.3×14mm diameter). IPS e.max® was used as a commercial comparison. Glass-ceramic test groups were sandblasted (Groups. 1, 4, 6), sandblasted, etched and adhesively bonded (Groups. 2, 5, 7) or lapped, etched and adhesively bonded (Groups. 3, 8). Specimens were adhesively bonded with Monobond S, followed by the application of Variolink II® cement and light curing. BFS testing was at 1mm/min and SBS testing at 0.5mm/min. Samples were characterised using XRD, SEM and profilometry. RESULTS XRD confirmed tetragonal leucite in LG-C/OLG-C and lithium disilicate/lithium orthophosphate in IPS e.max®. Mean BFS (MPa (SD)) were: Gp1 LG-C; 193.1 (13.9), Gp2 LG-C; 217.7 (23.0), Gp3 LG-C; 273.6 (26.7), Gp4 OLG-C; 255.9 (31); Gp5 OLG-C; 288.6 (37.4), Gp6 IPS e.max®; 258.6 (20.7), Gp7 IPS e.max®; 322.3 (23.4) and Gp8 IPS e.max®; 416.4 (52.6). The Median SBS (MPa) were Gp1 LG-C; 14.2, Gp2 LG-C (10s etch); 10.6 and Gp3 IPS e.max®; 10.8. Mean surface roughness was 5-5.1μm (IPS e.max®) and 2.6μm (LG-C). SIGNIFICANCE Novel leucite glass-ceramics with reduced flaw size and fine microstructures produced enhanced BFS and SBS by resin bonding. These properties may be useful for the fabrication of minimally invasive aesthetic and fracture resistant restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinwe O Uwalaka
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, Whitechapel, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Natalia Karpukhina
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, Whitechapel, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Xu Cao
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, Whitechapel, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Sami Bissasu
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, Whitechapel, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Rory M Wilson
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michael J Cattell
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, Whitechapel, E1 2AD, UK.
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Çelik E, Sahin SC, Dede DÖ. Shear Bond Strength of Nanohybrid Composite to the Resin Matrix Ceramics After Different Surface Treatments. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:424-430. [PMID: 30020854 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a composite resin to the various resin matrix ceramics (RMC). BACKGROUND Clinical applications of physical and chemical surface conditioning methods may be required for RMC to optimize the adhesion of additional resin materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine RMC specimens (6 × 6 × 2 mm) were prepared from a resin nanoceramic (RNC), a polymer-infiltrated hybrid ceramic (PIHC), and a flexible hybrid ceramic (FHC) block with a cutting machine under copious water. All specimens divided randomly into three surface treatment subgroups (n = 11): (1) untreated (Cnt), (2) tribochemical silica coated (Tbc), and (3) neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiated with 3 W (150 mJ/pulse, 20 Hz) for 20 sec. A nanohybrid composite resin was layered with a disc-shape mold (2 × 3 mm) onto the ceramics and submitted to thermal cycling (3000 cycles, 5-55°C). The SBS test of specimens was performed using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The type of RMC, surface treatments, and their interactions was statistically significant on SBS, according to the ANOVA (p < 0.05). Both the Tbc and Lsr surface treatments significantly increased the SBS values of FHC (p < 0.001), while significant increases were observed only for Lsr0applied RNC and Tbc applied PIHC groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The tribochemical silica coating and laser irradiation techniques may be suitable for improving the surface topography of specific types of RMC. While the same surface treatment technique may not provide similar successful results for all types of RMC, it is recommended to choose the most effective and reliable technique for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersan Çelik
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University , Ordu, Turkey
| | - Sezgi Cinel Sahin
- 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University , Denizli, Turkey
| | - Doğu Ömür Dede
- 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University , Ordu, Turkey
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Murillo-Gómez F, Palma-Dibb RG, De Goes MF. Effect of acid etching on tridimensional microstructure of etchable CAD/CAM materials. Dent Mater 2018; 34:944-955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Scherer MM, Prochnow C, Venturini AB, Pereira GKR, Burgo TADL, Rippe MP, Valandro LF. Fatigue failure load of an adhesively-cemented lithium disilicate glass-ceramic: Conventional ceramic etching vs etch & prime one-step primer. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1134-1143. [PMID: 29789162 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of different glass-ceramic surface treatments and aging on the fatigue failure load of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic adhesively cemented to a dentin analogue material. METHODS One hundred and twenty (120) disc-shaped lithium disilicate specimens (Ø=10mm, thickness=1.5mm) were produced and randomly allocated (n=20) into 6 groups, considering 2 study factors: "surface treatment" in 3 levels (SIL-silane application only; HF5+SIL-5% hydrofluoric acid etching and silane application; ME&P-etching with an one-step ceramic primer), and "storage" in 2 levels (baseline-storage for 7 days; aging-storage for 90 days+12,000 thermal cycles). Ceramic discs were adhesively cemented to discs of a dentin analogue material (Ø=10mm, thickness=2.0mm) following the manufacturers' instructions. The fatigue failure load was determined by the staircase approach (250,000 cycles; 20Hz; initial load=1050N [∼70% of mean load-to-failure]; step size=52.5N [5% of initial load]). Micro-morphologic, fractographic, and atomic force microscope analysis were also performed. Fatigue failure load data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni and t-tests for independent samples. RESULTS HF5+SIL presented higher fatigue failure load in both conditions (baseline and aging); ME&P presented intermediary mean values, while the SIL group presented the worst performance. All groups had a statistically significant decrease in the fatigue performance after aging. SIGNIFICANCE Hydrofluoric acid followed by silane application showed the best fatigue performance for an adhesively-cemented lithium disilicate ceramic. Aging negatively influenced the fatigue performance for all tested groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitê Munhoz Scherer
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Catina Prochnow
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; MSciD Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty-IMED, Senador Pinheiro Street, 304, Vila Rodrigues, 99070220, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Augusto de Lima Burgo
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue, 1000, Camobi, 97105900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Marília Pivetta Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Marechal Floriano Peixoto Street, 1184, Centro, 97015372, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Effect of two-step and one-step surface conditioning of glass ceramic on adhesion strength of orthodontic bracket and effect of thermo-cycling on adhesion strength. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 84:22-27. [PMID: 29729577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The adhesion strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to dental glass ceramics was evaluated after ceramic surface was treated with two-step and one-step surface conditioning systems, and subjecting to thermo-cycling. MATERIALS AND METHOD A total of forty specimens were fabricated from silica based glass ceramic (lithium disilicate) by duplicating the buccal surface of maxillary first premolar. The specimens were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n = 20), group one specimens were treated with two-step surface conditioning system (IPS ceramic etching gel™ and Monobond plus™) and group two specimens were treated with one-step surface conditioning system (Monobond etch and prime™). The surface roughness of the specimens after treatment with two-step and one-step surface conditioning system was measured using non-contact surface profilometer. Ten randomly selected specimens from each group were subjected to thermo-cycling and the remaining ten served as baseline. The shear bond strength of the specimens was measured using universal material testing machine. The adhesive remnant index score was calculated, and the results of surface roughness and bond strength were tabulated and subjected to analysis of variance and post hoc tukey's test at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS The results of the study showed that the specimens treated with two-step conditioning system had higher surface roughness and bond strength than one-step conditioning system. The majority of the specimens treated with both two-step and one-step conditioned specimens showed adhesive failure after subjecting thermo-cycling. CONCLUSIONS Traditional two-step conditioning provides better bond strength. The clinical importance of the study is that, the silane promoted adhesion significantly reduces on exposure to thermo-cycling.
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Bajraktarova-Valjakova E, Grozdanov A, Guguvcevski L, Korunoska-Stevkovska V, Kapusevska B, Gigovski N, Mijoska A, Bajraktarova-Misevska C. Acid Etching as Surface Treatment Method for Luting of Glass-Ceramic Restorations, part 1: Acids, Application Protocol and Etching Effectiveness. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:568-573. [PMID: 29610622 PMCID: PMC5874387 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this review is to represent acids that can be used as surface etchant before adhesive luting of ceramic restorations, placement of orthodontic brackets or repair of chipped porcelain restorations. Chemical reactions, application protocol, and etching effect are presented as well. STUDY SELECTION Available scientific articles published in PubMed and Scopus literature databases, scientific reports and manufacturers' instructions and product information from internet websites, written in English, using following search terms: "acid etching, ceramic surface treatment, hydrofluoric acid, acidulated phosphate fluoride, ammonium hydrogen bifluoride", have been reviewed. RESULTS There are several acids with fluoride ion in their composition that can be used as ceramic surface etchants. The etching effect depends on the acid type and its concentration, etching time, as well as ceramic type. The most effective etching pattern is achieved when using hydrofluoric acid; the numerous micropores and channels of different sizes, honeycomb-like appearance, extruded crystals or scattered irregular ceramic particles, depending on the ceramic type, have been detected on the etched surfaces. CONCLUSION Acid etching of the bonding surface of glass - ceramic restorations is considered as the most effective treatment method that provides a reliable bond with composite cement. Selective removing of the glassy matrix of silicate ceramics results in a micromorphological three-dimensional porous surface that allows micromechanical interlocking of the luting composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Bajraktarova-Valjakova
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre "St Pantelejmon", Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anita Grozdanov
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Ruger Boskovic 16, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ljuben Guguvcevski
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre "St Pantelejmon", Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vesna Korunoska-Stevkovska
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre "St Pantelejmon", Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Biljana Kapusevska
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre "St Pantelejmon", Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Nikola Gigovski
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre "St Pantelejmon", Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aneta Mijoska
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Dental Clinical Centre "St Pantelejmon", Faculty of Dentistry, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Cvetanka Bajraktarova-Misevska
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University Dental Clinical Centre "St Pantelejmon", Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Mother Teresa 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Missau T, Venturini AB, Pereira G, Prochnow C, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Fatigue Failure Load of Restored Premolars: Effect of Etching the Intaglio Surface of Ceramic Inlays With Hydrofluoric Acid at Different Concentrations. Oper Dent 2018; 43:E81-E91. [PMID: 29504886 DOI: 10.2341/16-345-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of etching, with different hydrofluoric acid concentrations at the intaglio surface of feldspathic ceramic inlays, on the fatigue failure load of restored premolars. A total of 60 upper premolars were embedded in plastic cylinders with acrylic resin (up to 3 mm below the cement-enamel junction) and prepared using a device specially designed for that purpose. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups (n=20): HF1, HF5, and HF10 (etching with hydrofluoric acid for 60 seconds at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively). Preparations were scanned and restorations were milled by a computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing system. The inner surfaces of the inlays were etched and received an application of a silane coupling agent; the dentin and enamel were treated appropriately for the luting system (RelyX ARC, 3M-ESPE). The restorations were cemented and the fatigue failure load (in N) was determined using the staircase method (10 Hz; 105 cycles in each step). The initial load (585.5 N) was applied on the slopes of the cusps (labial and palatal/lingual, simultaneously) through a cylinder attached to the test machine (Instron ElectroPuls E3000). The tested samples were analyzed under a stereomicroscope for failure analysis. Fatigue data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. There was no statistical difference among the fatigue failure loads (in N): HF1 (448.5±79.1), HF5 (360.7±55.4), and HF10 (409.5±121.1). Regarding the fracture mode, there was a predominance of interfacial fracture (50%), followed by cusp fracture (34.6%). It may be concluded that the etching with hydrofluoric acid at the tested concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) does not influence the fatigue failure load of feldspathic ceramic inlays cemented on premolars.
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Venturini AB, Prochnow C, May LG, Kleverlaan CJ, Valandro LF. Fatigue failure load of feldspathic ceramic crowns after hydrofluoric acid etching at different concentrations. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 119:278-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Venturini AB, Prochnow C, Pereira GKR, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Valandro LF. The effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration on the fatigue failure load of adhesively cemented feldspathic ceramic discs. Dent Mater 2018; 34:667-675. [PMID: 29397196 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the influence of hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching at different concentrations on the fatigue failure load of adhesively cemented feldspathic ceramic discs (Vita Mark II). Besides, their effect on the micromorphology of ceramic surface was investigated. METHODS Eighty ceramic discs (ϕ=10 mm; thickness=1.5 mm) were cemented to epoxy supporting discs (ϕ=10 mm; thickness=2.0mm) using different surface conditioning methods (n=20): nonetched control (CTRL), or etched for 60s with different HF concentrations: 1% (HF1), 5% (HF5), or 10% (HF10). All the ceramic discs received a silane application (Monobond Plus). The epoxy discs were etched with 10% HF for 60s and received a primer coating (Multilink Primer A+B). Adhesively cementation was performed (Multilink Automix), and the assemblies (ceramic discs/epoxy discs) were subjected to cyclic loads in water by a staircase approach (500,000 cycles; 20Hz; initial load=290N; step size=30N). Fatigue failure load data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's tests (α=.05). RESULTS Mean failure load of the HF5 group (255.0±23.0N) was significantly lower; HF1 group (301.7±71.0N) presented intermediate values, and the highest values were achieved in CTRL (351.7±13.4N) and HF10 (341.7±20.6N) groups. All the failures were radial cracks starting from the bonding surface. SIGNIFICANCE In terms of fatigue failure load, etching with 1% and 5% HF had a deleterious effect on the fatigue behavior of an adhesively cemented feldspathic ceramic, while 10% HF had no negative influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa B Venturini
- Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Catina Prochnow
- Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel K R Pereira
- Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty - IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Arie Werner
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Mokhtarpour F, Alaghehmand H, Khafri S. Effect of hydrofluoric acid surface treatments on micro-shear bond strength of CAD/CAM ceramics. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5487-5493. [PMID: 29238488 PMCID: PMC5718852 DOI: 10.19082/5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental ceramics are appreciated as highly esthetic restorative materials that can simulate the appearance of natural dentition better than other materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration and etching time on micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) to IPS e.max CAD and Vita Mark II of a dual cured resin cement (Panavia F2.0). Methods This study was an experimental in vitro study, performed in the dental material research center of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Two hydrofluoric acid concentrations (5% and 10%) and three different etching times (20, 60 and 120 seconds) were used to etch the specimens respectively. A silane coupling agent (Clearfil porcelain activator) and priming and bonding agent (Clearfil SE bond) were used on the etched surfaces in accordance to the manufacturer’s instructions of use. Then resin cement was applied on the prepared ceramic surfaces and light cured. μSBS between resin cement and the porcelains were measured with a universal testing machine. Mode of failure was observed with 40× magnification by means of a Stereo microscope. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and independent-samples t-test and Chi-square tests. Results In both e.max and Vita Mark II groups, μSBS were not significantly different when different etching times (one-way ANOVA) and HF acid concentrations (Independent-samples t-test) were used (p>0.05), but the highest μSBS was shown in e.max specimens etched 60 s with 5% HF and Vita Mark II specimens etched 20 s with 10% HF. μSBS of e.max was significantly higher than Vita Mark II (p=0.00). Conclusion Best surface treatment for e.max and Vita Mark II ceramics is 20 s etch using 5 % hydrofluoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraneh Mokhtarpour
- Assistant Professor, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghehmand
- Associate Professor, Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Ph.D. of Biostatistics, Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty member of Biostatistics Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Luthra R, Kaur P. An insight into current concepts and techniques in resin bonding to high strength ceramics. Aust Dent J 2017; 61:163-73. [PMID: 26268746 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable bonding between high strength ceramics and resin composite cement is difficult to achieve because of their chemical inertness and lack of silica content. The aim of this review was to assess the current literature describing methods for resin bonding to ceramics with high flexural strength such as glass-infiltrated alumina and zirconia, densely sintered alumina and yttria-partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic (Y-TZP) with respect to bond strength and bond durability. METHODS Suitable peer reviewed publications in the English language were identified through searches performed in PubMed, Google Search and handsearches. The keywords or phrases used were 'resin-ceramic bond', 'silane coupling agents', 'air particle abrasion', 'zirconia ceramic' and 'resin composite cements'. Studies from January 1989 to June 2015 were included. RESULTS The literature demonstrated that there are multiple techniques available for surface treatments but bond strength testing under different investigations have produced conflicting results. CONCLUSIONS Within the scope of this review, there is no evidence to support a universal technique of ceramic surface treatment for adhesive cementation. A combination of chemical and mechanical treatments might be the recommended solution. The hydrolytic stability of the resin ceramic bond should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Luthra
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - P Kaur
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, Panchkula, Haryana, India
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Monteiro JB, Oliani MG, Guilardi LF, Prochnow C, Rocha Pereira GK, Bottino MA, de Melo RM, Valandro LF. Fatigue failure load of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic cemented to a dentin analogue: Effect of etching time and hydrofluoric acid concentration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:375-382. [PMID: 28988143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of etching time and hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration on the fatigue failure load and surface characteristics of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass (ZLS) ceramic cemented to a dentin-like, fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Ceramic (Suprinity, VITA) (1.0mm thick) and epoxy resin (2.5mm thick) discs (10mm diameter) were produced. The bonding surface of the ceramic samples was nonetched (control group), or etched for 30, 60 or 90s by 5% or 10% HF. The epoxy resin discs were etched by 10% HF for 30s followed by the application of an adhesive material (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). Pairs of ceramic/epoxy resin discs were cemented with a dual cure resin cement. The fatigue failure load was determined by the staircase method (500,000 cycles at 20Hz; initial load = 925N; step size = 45N). In 10% HF the etching time was shown to influence the fatigue failure load, which increased as the etching time increased (30s < 60s < 90s), and in 5% HF the fatigue failure load was not shown to be affected by the etching time; the lowest fatigue failure loads were produced in the control group without ceramic etching followed by 10% HF acid etching for 30s. Topography analysis showed variations based on the etching protocols. All fractures (radial cracks) were shown to originate from defects at the ceramic surface on the cementing interface. For fatigue loading improvements of ZLS ceramic, 10% HF acid etching for 90s and silanization of the ceramic surface is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiane Bandoli Monteiro
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Gallo Oliani
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Guilardi
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Catina Prochnow
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; MSciD Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, Meridional Faculty - IMED, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics Units), Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology at Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R. Floriano Peixoto, 1184, 97015-372 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Murillo-Gómez F, Rueggeberg FA, De Goes MF. Short- and Long-Term Bond Strength Between Resin Cement and Glass-Ceramic Using a Silane-Containing Universal Adhesive. Oper Dent 2017; 42:514-525. [DOI: 10.2341/16-211-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various silane-containing solutions on bonding between resin cement and glass ceramic after 24 hours and after six months of water storage. Glass-ceramic plaques (IPS e.max CAD) were sandblasted with aluminum oxide, etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF), and divided into five “silane treatment” groups: RelyX Ceramic Primer (RCP), RelyX Ceramic Primer and Single Bond Plus (RCP+SB), Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CP), and no solution (HF-only control). Each group was divided into two “storage time” subgroups: 24 hours or six months in 37°C water. Eighteen resin cement cylinders (RelyX Ultimate) were bonded to each treatment group substrate (n=18) and then subjected to microshear testing. Failure mode was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Debond data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05) as well as Weibull distributions. The factors “silane treatment,” “storage time,” (p<0.0001), and their interaction were statistically significant (p<0.0010). Group means (MPa±SD), RCP (24 hours: 27.2±3.1; six months: 18.0±4.9), and HF-only control (24 hours: 21.1±3.4; six months: 15.7±5.8) showed a reduced bond strength after six months of water storage, while RCP + SB (24 hours: 23.4±4.4; six months: 22.2±5.4), SBU (24 hours: 18.8±3.0; six months: 17.2±3.6), and CP (24 hours: 21.7±4.3; six months: 17.4±4.8) remained constant. Weibull analysis revealed that more reliable bond strengths were obtained after six months for SBU and RCP + SB. Evaluation by scanning electron microscopy revealed that all groups demonstrated hydrolytic degradation at six months of storage, but RCP + SB and SBU indicated less. Use of a separate application of silane and adhesive system improved short and long-term ceramic/resin cement bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Murillo-Gómez
- Fabián Murillo-Gómez, DDS, MS, PhD student, Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, and Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - FA Rueggeberg
- Frederick Allen Rueggeberg, DDS, MS, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Dental Materials, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - MF De Goes
- Mario Fernando De Goes, DDS, MS, PhD, Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abduljabbar T, AlQahtani MA, Jeaidi ZA, Vohra F. Influence of silane and heated silane on the bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramics - An in vitro study. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:550-4. [PMID: 27375687 PMCID: PMC4928396 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.323.9851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of silane application and silane heat treatment on lithium-disilicate ceramic when bonded to composite resin. Methods: Twelve blocks of lithium-disilicate (LD) ceramic were fabricated and bonding surfaces were etched using 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (90 seconds). Three experimental groups resulted from the various surface treatment combinations, which included, no silane application (NS) (controls), silane application (S) and silane heat treatment (HS) (100°C for 5 minutesutes). Ceramic and composite resin blocks were bonded using an adhesive resin and light cured restorative composite as a luting agent, under standard conditions. A total of 90 specimen sticks (8 x 1mm²) were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength testing. The means of micro-tensile bond strength (µ-tbs) of the study groups were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. The tested specimens were analyzed for mode of failure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The highest µ-tbs value (42.6 ±3.70 MPa) was achieved for LD ceramics with heat-dried silane. Both silane application and heat treatment of silane resulted in significant (p<0.05) improvements in micro-tensile bond strength of LD ceramics when bonded to resin composite. Conclusions: The application of silane and its heat treatment showed significant improvement in bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramic when bonded to composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Abduljabbar
- Dr. Tariq Abduljabbar, Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ayedh AlQahtani
- Dr. Mohammed Ayedh AlQahtani, Lecturer, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaid Al Jeaidi
- Dr. Zaid Al Jeaidi, Conservative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Dr. Fahim Vohra, Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aging effect of atmospheric air on lithium disilicate ceramic after nonthermal plasma treatment. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 115:780-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Etching Duration on the Surface Micromorphology, Roughness, and Wettability of Dental Ceramics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060822. [PMID: 27240353 PMCID: PMC4926356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The current laboratory study is evaluating the effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the surface characteristics of five silica-based glass ceramics. Changes in the pore pattern, crystal structure, roughness, and wettability were compared and evaluated. Seventy-five rectangularly shaped specimens were cut from each material (IPS e-max™, Dentsply Celtra™, Vita Suprinity™, Vita mark II™, and Vita Suprinity FC™); the sectioned samples were finished, polished, and ultrasonically cleaned. Specimens were randomly assigned into study groups: control (no etching) and four experimental groups (20, 40, 80 and 160 s of etching). The etched surfaces’ microstructure including crystal structure, pore pattern, pore depth, and pore width was studied under a scanning electron microscope, and the surface roughness and wettability were analyzed using a non-contact surface profilometer and a contact angle measuring device, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Tukey’s test. The results showed a significant change in the pore number, pore pattern, crystal structure, surface roughness, and wettability with increased etching duration. Etching for a short time resulted in small pores, and etching for longer times resulted in wider, irregular grooves. A significant increase in the surface roughness and wettability was observed with an increase in the etching duration. The findings also suggested a strong association between the surface roughness and wettability.
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Prochnow C, Venturini AB, Grasel R, Bottino MC, Valandro LF. Effect of etching with distinct hydrofluoric acid concentrations on the flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:885-891. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catina Prochnow
- PhD Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria; Rio Grande do Sul State Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Andressa B. Venturini
- PhD Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria; Rio Grande do Sul State Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Rafaella Grasel
- PhD Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria; Rio Grande do Sul State Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Division of Dental Biomaterials); Indiana University School of Dentistry; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- PhD Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontics Unit), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria; Rio Grande do Sul State Santa Maria Brazil
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Influence of hydrofluoric acid concentration on the flexural strength of a feldspathic ceramic. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 48:241-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Fracture resistance of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing ceramic crowns cemented on solid abutments. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 146:501-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Fraga S, Valandro LF, Bottino MA, May LG. Hard machining, glaze firing and hydrofluoric acid etching: Do these procedures affect the flexural strength of a leucite glass–ceramic? Dent Mater 2015; 31:e131-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Bottino MA, Snellaert A, Bergoli CD, Özcan M, Bottino MC, Valandro LF. Effect of Ceramic Etching Protocols on Resin Bond Strength to a Feldspar Ceramic. Oper Dent 2015; 40:E40-6. [DOI: 10.2341/13-344-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study sought to evaluate the resin microtensile bond strength (MTBS) stability of a leucite-reinforced ceramic after different ceramic etching protocols. The microtensile test had 40 ceramic blocks (5×5×6 mm) assigned to five groups (n=8), in accordance with the following surface etching protocols: NE nonetched (control); 9HF: hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching (9%HF)+wash/dry; 4HF: 4%HF+wash/dry; 5HF: 5%HF+wash/dry; and 5HF+N: 5%HF+neutralizer+wash/dry+ultrasonic-cleaning. Etched ceramic surfaces were treated with a silane agent. Next, resin cement blocks were built on the prepared ceramic surface and stored for 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C. The specimens were then sectioned to obtain microtensile beams (32/block), which were randomly assigned to the following conditions, nonaged (immediate test) and aged (water storage for 150 days plus 12,000 thermal cycles), before the microtensile test. Bond strength data were submitted to one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). Additional ceramic samples were subjected to the different ceramic etching protocols and evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (n=2) and atomic force microscopy (n=2). Aging led to a statistically significant decrease in the MTBS for all groups, except the untreated one (NE). Among the groups submitted to the same aging conditions, the untreated (NE) revealed inferior MTBS values compared to the 9HF and 4HF groups. The 5HF and 5HF+N groups had intermediate mean values, being statistically similar to the higher values presented by the 9HF and 4HF groups and to the lower value associated with the NE group. The neutralization procedure did not enhance the ceramic/resin cement bond strength. HF acid etching is a crucial step in resin/ceramic bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Bottino
- Marco Antonio Bottino, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - A Snellaert
- Anamaria Snellaert, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - CD Bergoli
- Cesar Dalmolin Bergoli, Federal University of Pelotas, Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M Özcan
- Mutlu Özcan, Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - MC Bottino
- Marco Antonio Bottino, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - LF Valandro
- Luiz Felipe Valandro, Federal University of Santa Maria, Restorative Dentistry (Prosthodontics), Santa Maria, Brazil
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