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Zheng S, Chen H, Lin Q, Zhu S. Effect of dentin conditioners on dentin bond strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:509.e1-509.e11. [PMID: 38981805 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Although composite resin restorations have been widely used for dental restorations, the durability of the bond affects the rate of restoration failure. However, how multiple strategies for enhancing the resin-dentin bond affect durability is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of dentin conditioners on resin-dentin bond strength with different pretreatments before the application of adhesives. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from 2013 to July 2023 for in vitro studies that evaluated the impact of dentin conditioners on resin-dentin bond strength. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model with pooled effect as standardized mean differences (α=.05). RESULTS A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis, of which 15 were used for quantitative analysis. The results demonstrated that, under dry bonding conditions, selective extrafibrillar demineralization dentin conditioners significantly enhanced the immediate bond strength (P<.001). The long-term bond strength was limited by the sample size of the subgroup, but a significant effect was found after using selective extrafibrillar demineralization dentin conditioners (P<.001). However, metal salt-based dentin conditioners improved the immediate bond strength only under wet bonding conditions (P=.010). Notably, acid-based dentin conditioners significantly improved the long-term bond strength under both dry and wet bonding conditions (P<.001 and P=.006). CONCLUSIONS The application of acid-based dentin conditioners significantly improved resin-dentin bond durability under both wet and dry bonding conditions. Furthermore, selective extrafibrillar demineralization dentin conditioners demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in improving resin-dentin bond durability under dry bonding conditions; however, more data are needed to support their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zheng
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qi Lin
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Song Zhu
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
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Tang C, Mercelis B, Zhang F, Mocquot C, Nakanishi K, Yoshihara K, Peumans M, Van Meerbeek B. Filler Mixed Into Adhesives Does Not Necessarily Improve Their Mechanical Properties. Oper Dent 2024; 49:311-324. [PMID: 38632849 DOI: 10.2341/23-106-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of filler type/loading on the micro-tensile fracture strength (μTFS) of adhesive resins, as measured 'immediately' upon preparation and after 1-week water storage ('water-stored'). METHODS The morphology and particle-size distribution of three filler particles, referred to as 'Glass-S' (Esschem Europe), 'BioUnion' (GC), and 'CPC_Mont', were correlatively characterized by SEM, TEM, and particle-size analysis. These filler particles were incorporated into an unfilled adhesive resin ('BZF-29unfilled', GC) in different concentrations to measure the 'immediate' μTFS. After 1-week water storage, the 'water-stored' μTFS of the experimental particle-filled adhesive resins with the most optimum filler loading, specific for each filler type, was measured. In addition, the immediate and water-stored μTFS of the adhesive resins of three experimental two-step universal adhesives based on the same resin matrix but varying for filler type/loading, coded as 'BZF-21' (containing silica and bioglass), 'BZF-29' (containing solely silica), and 'BZF-29_hv' (highly viscous with a higher silica loading than BZF-29), and of the adhesive resins of the gold-standard adhesives OptiBond FL ('Opti-FL', Kerr) and Clearfil SE Bond 2 ('C-SE2', Kuraray Noritake) was measured along with that of BZF-29unfilled (GC) serving as control/reference. Statistics involved one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc multiple comparisons (α<0.05). RESULTS Glass-S, BioUnion, and CPC_Mont represent irregular fillers with an average particle size of 8.5-9.9 μm. Adding filler to BZF-29unfilled decreased μTFS regardless of filler type/loading. One-week water storage reduced μTFS of all adhesive resins except BZF-21, with the largest reduction in μTFS recorded for BZF-29unfilled. Among the three filler types, the μTFS of the 30 wt% Glass-S and 20 wt% BioUnion filled adhesive resin was not significantly different from the μTFS of BZF-29unfilled upon water storage. CONCLUSIONS Adding filler particles into adhesive resin did not enhance its micro-tensile fracture strength but appeared to render it less sensitive to water storage as compared to the unfilled adhesive resin investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tang
- Chuliang Tang, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Mercelis
- Ben Mercelis, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Zhang
- Fei Zhang, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Materials Engineering, Leuven, Belgium; 3Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Mocquot
- Caroline Mocquot, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté dentaire, Hôpital Rothschild, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - K Nakanishi
- Ko Nakanishi, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Sapporo, Japan
| | - K Yoshihara
- Kumiko Yoshihara, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Health and Medical Research Institute, Kagawa, Japan; Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Peumans
- Marleen Peumans, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Van Meerbeek
- *Bart Van Meerbeek, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT, Biomaterials Research Group & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
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Ñaupari-Villasante R, de Freitas A, Hass V, Matos TP, Parreiras SO, Reis A, Gutiérrez MF, Loguercio AD. Prolonged polymerization of a universal adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions: 36-month double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2024; 142:104823. [PMID: 38145806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of prolonged (P) polymerization time of a universal adhesive system applied in etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) strategies on the clinical performance of restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs), after 36 months of clinical service. METHODS A total of 140 restorations were randomly placed in 35 subjects according to the polymerization time groups: ER (10 s); ER-P (40 s); SE (10 s); and SE-P (40 s) at 1,200 mW/cm2. Composite resin was placed incrementally. The restorations were evaluated immediately and after 6, 12, 18, and 36 months using the FDI criteria. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival test for retention loss, and the Kruskal-Wallis' test for secondary outcomes (α = 0.05). RESULTS After 36 months, 19 restorations were lost: ER 6, ER-P 2, SE 9, SE-P 2. The retention rates were 82.3% for ER; 94.1 % for ER-P; 73.5 % for SE; and 94.1 % for SE-P, with a significant difference between ER vs. ER-P and SE vs. SE-P, as well as ER vs. SE-P and ER-P vs. SE (p < 0.0001). Minor defects were observed in 18 restorations for the marginal staining criteria: ER 5, ER-P 2, SE 8, SE-P 3; and in 33 restorations for the marginal adaptation criteria: ER 11, ER-P 4, SE 12, and SE-P 6 (p > 0.05). No restorations showed recurrence of caries or postoperative sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS A prolonged polymerization time of 40 s improves the clinical performance of the universal adhesive for both adhesive strategies evaluated, even after 36 months. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Prolonging the polymerization time of a universal adhesive from 10 to 40 s has been shown to improve its clinical performance when used in NCCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ñaupari-Villasante
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - André de Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Viviane Hass
- School of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Thalita P Matos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sibelli O Parreiras
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Northern Paraná, Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Mario F Gutiérrez
- Universidad de los Andes, Chile. Facultad de Odontología, Santiago, Chile; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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de Souza CS, Silva TDC, Tsutsumi MSC, Lima GQ, Queiroz ME, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Maluly-Proni AT, Briso ALF, dos Santos PH. Do different adhesives influence the color stability and fluorescence of composite restorations after aging? Braz Dent J 2023; 34:67-74. [PMID: 38133093 PMCID: PMC10742359 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dental adhesive color on the chromatic stability and fluorescence intensity of composite resin restorations of different thicknesses. Ninety bovine enamel samples were obtained and restored with resin composite varying thicknesses of restorative material and enamel (1.0 mm enamel and 1.0 mm composite; 1.5 mm enamel and 0.5 mm composite; 0.5 mm enamel and 1.5 mm composite). The restorations were made of composite resin (Opallis E-bleach H) using different types of dental adhesives: Ambar, Ambar APS, and Single Bond Universal (n=10). The samples were subjected to color measurement tests in a spectrophotometer using CIEDE2000 and fluorescence intensity measurements before and after aging in a red wine coloring solution. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in color stability or fluorescence intensity for restorations made of different materials or thicknesses (p>0.05). Single Bond Universal showed greater color stability at 0.5 mm thickness (ΔE00 = 4.4 ± 1.6) compared to other thicknesses of the same material (p=0.003), as well as a greater difference in fluorescence intensity after aging at 1.5 mm thickness (-414.9 ± 103.8) compared to other materials (p=0.0002). Overall, it was concluded that the different adhesive systems did not influence the color stability and fluorescence of restorations of different thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Simoes de Souza
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamirys da Costa Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sati Cantalejo Tsutsumi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Glivia Queiroz Lima
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Elias Queiroz
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Teresa Maluly-Proni
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry - Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- Dental Research Institute - Restorative Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu Y, Sakaguchi N, Iijima M, Islam MRR, Zhang J, Islam R, Yamauti M, Sano H, Tomokiyo A. Effects of Short-Term Exposure of Chloramine-T Solution on the Characteristics of Light-Cured and Chemical-Cured Adhesives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3995. [PMID: 37836044 PMCID: PMC10575163 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of a 0.5% chloramine T solution on a chemical-cured universal adhesive by comparing the light-cured, one-step, self-etch adhesive for the bonding performance, mechanical properties, and resin-dentin interfacial characteristics. Caries-free human molars were randomly assigned into eight groups based on the bonding systems employed (Bond Force II, BF and Bondmer Lightless, BL), the immersion solutions used before bonding (0.5% chloramine T solution and distilled water), and the immersion durations (5 and 60 min). Microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage evaluation, and nanoindentation tests were performed, and the surface morphology of the resin-dentin interface was examined using a focus ion beam/scanning ion microscopy system. Immersion in chloramine-T for 5 min significantly decreased the μTBS of Bondmer Lightless (from 22.62 to 12.87 MPa) compared with that in distilled water. Moreover, there was also a decreasing trend after immersing in chloramine-T for 60 min (from 19.11 to 13.93 MPa). Chloramine T was found to have no effect on the hardness, elastic modulus, or morphological characteristics of the ion-beam milled resin-dentin interfacial surfaces in the tested adhesives, suggesting that chloramine T might reduce the bond strength by interfering with the interaction and the sealing between the adhesive resin and dentin in the chemical-cured universal adhesive, albeit without affecting the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Liu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608586, Japan; (R.I.); (M.Y.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Norihito Sakaguchi
- Center for Advanced Research of Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608628, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Iijima
- Department of Oral Growth and Development, Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 0610293, Japan;
| | - Md Refat Readul Islam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608586, Japan; (M.R.R.I.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608586, Japan; (M.R.R.I.); (J.Z.)
| | - Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608586, Japan; (R.I.); (M.Y.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica Yamauti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608586, Japan; (R.I.); (M.Y.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608586, Japan; (R.I.); (M.Y.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608586, Japan; (R.I.); (M.Y.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
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Cavalcanti KGBA, Pulido C, Moreira PHA, Monteles CF, Salvatierra BLC, Siqueira FSF, Soares CJ, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Cardenas AFM. Effect of irradiance and exposure time on the adhesive properties of universal adhesives after 2 years of storage. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5223-5232. [PMID: 37458867 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure time and irradiance on the dentin bonding properties (microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL)) of the Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUQ) adhesive and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU) immediately and after 2 years of water storage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hence, 128 human molars were randomly assigned to 16 groups based on adhesive strategy, irradiance/exposure times, and storage time for each universal adhesive tested. The adhesives were applied using the etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies and were light-cured using four different irradiance/exposure times: 1400 mW/cm2 for 5 s (1400 × 5), 1400 mW/cm2 for 10 s (1400 × 10), 3200 mW/cm2 for 5 s (3200 × 5), and 3200 mW/cm2 for 10 s (3200 × 10). Then, each sample was restored and sectioned into a resin-dentin bonded stick to be tested for μTBS and NL (immediately and after 2 years of water storage). The mean μTBS and NL of all resin-dentin bonded sticks from the same hemi-tooth (factor time) were statistically analyzed using a three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). RESULTS Despite a significant decrease in the μTBS values for all groups after 2 years of water storage, the 3200 × 5 group showed higher μTBS values, whereas the 3200 × 10 group showed lower μTBS values for both universal adhesives tested. Although a significant increase in the NL values was observed for all groups after 2 years of water storage, the 3200 × 10 group showed higher NL values than the other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Results indicate that light-curing the adhesive layer with 14-16 J/cm2 led to an improvement in the stability of the resin-dentin adhesive interface. A longer exposure time (10 s) coupled with a higher irradiance (3200 mW/cm2) resulted in a greater degree of degradation of the adhesive interface. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To guarantee better stability of the adhesive interface, clinicians could be preferred a light-cured universal adhesive layer with 14-16 J/cm2. Higher irradiances should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilo Pulido
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, San Francisco de Quito University, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro H A Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Camila F Monteles
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Byron L C Salvatierra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A-Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos J Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A-Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A-Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil.
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Mancuso E, Durso D, Mazzitelli C, Maravic T, Josic U, D'alessandro C, Generali L, Checchi V, Breschi L, Mazzoni A. Glutaraldehyde-based desensitizers' influence on bonding performances and dentin enzymatic activity of universal adhesives. J Dent 2023; 136:104643. [PMID: 37524197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of two glutaraldehyde-based desensitizers (L: GLUMA Desensitizer, Heraeus Kulzer and G: GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel) prior to the adhesive procedures on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin and endogenous enzymatic activity. METHODS Noncarious human third molars (N = 48) were cut to expose middle coronal dentin. Six experimental groups were formed according to the dentin pre-treatment (L or G) and the universal adhesives (IBU - iBond universal, Kulzer or AU - Adhese Universal, Ivoclar Vivadent) used in the self-etch mode (n = 8): 1) L/IBU; 2) G/IBU; 3) IBU; 4) L/AU; 5) G/AU; 6) AU. Specimens were cut into sticks and stressed until failure after 24 h (T0) or 1 yr of aging (T12). Additional 4 teeth were used for in situ zymography evaluation and data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS Dentin pre-treatment, adhesive and aging statistically influenced bond strength and enzymatic activity (P<0.001). AU demonstrated higher bond strength values than IBU (P<0.001). The L resulted in higher bond strength compared to the G and control groups (P<0.001). aging statistically influenced bonding performance, especially when no dentin pre-treatment was performed (P<0.001). In situ zymography revealed that at baseline the control groups exhibited lower interfacial fluorescence compared to the experimental groups, irrespective of the adhesive used (P<0,001). However, after 1 yr of artificial storage, no differences were found among the groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Glutharldeadeyde-based products increased bond strength and determined a stabilization of the adhesive interface over time apparently not related to the MMPs inhibition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this in vitro study suggest that the application of glutaraldehyde-based desensitizers prior to the adhesive procedures when associated with universal adhesives could result in increased bond strength and stabilization of the adhesive interface over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - Diego Durso
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - Uros Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - Carlo D'alessandro
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Unit of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Checchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Unit of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Via San Vitale 59, Bologna 40125, Italy
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8
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Guarda MB, Pacheco RR, Silva ID, Brandt WC, Sinhoreti MAC, Vitti RP. Microtensile bond strength of resin composite to dentin using different adhesive systems and directions of electric current. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:86-93. [PMID: 36477969 PMCID: PMC9733368 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thisstudy aimed to evaluate the effect of the electric current direction application on the resin composite-dentin bond strength using three adhesive systems. Human molar teeth were distributed according to the adhesive system (two-step self-etch - Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray [CSE]; one-step self-etch - Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE [SBU]; and two-step etch-and-rinse - Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE [SB2]), electric current direction (without electric current - control, direct and reverse electric currents - 35µA), and storage time (24h - immediate and 6 months). Resin composite blocks (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) were bonded to dentin. The teeth/resin composites specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours and 6 months for the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test (n = 10; ~12 sticks for each tooth). Failure patterns were analyzed on a stereomicroscope and classified as cohesive-dentin, cohesive-resin, adhesive or mixed. Adhesive penetration into dentin and hybrid layer formation were evaluated in a scanning electron microscope (n = 6). Data were submitted to a three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). There are no differences in µTBS when the adhesive systems were applied under direct and reverse electric currents, but both electric currents increased the µTBS for all adhesive systems. SBU showed the lowest µTBS values for control groups in both storage times and direct electric current in 6 months of storage. The adhesive failure pattern was more frequently observed in all groups. The electric current formed long resin tags for all adhesive systems. Storage for 6 months did not significantly decrease µTBS values. Both directions of electric current (positive and negative charges) at 35µA can increase the µTBS of the adhesive systems tested to dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Pino Vitti
- Herminio Ometto University Center, School of Dentistry, Araras, SP, Brazil
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Cardenas A, Siqueira F, Nuñez A, Nonato RF, Cavalcanti K, Soares CJ, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Influence of Irradiance and Exposure Times on the Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of Universal Adhesives with Dentin. Oper Dent 2022; 47:412-424. [PMID: 35917253 DOI: 10.2341/21-042-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the influence of irradiance/exposure time on the Knoop hardness (KHN) and polymer cross-linking density (PCLD), as well as microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), and in situ degree of conversion (DC) of universal adhesives. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two universal adhesive systems, Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUQ) and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU), were light-cured using various irradiance/exposure times: 1400 mW/cm2 for 5 s (1400*5); 1400 mW/cm2 for 10 s (1400*10); 3200 mW/cm2 for 5 s (3200*5); and 3200 mW/cm2 for 10 s (3200*10). Adhesive disks from each group were used to measure PCLD by KHN. One hundred and twenty-eight human molars were randomly assigned to 16 groups according to the following variables: adhesive system vs adhesive strategies vs radiance/exposure times. After restoration, specimens were sectioned into resin-dentin sticks and tested for μTBS, NL, and DC. The data from PCLD (%), KHN, μTBS (MPa), NL (%), and DC (%) data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS Significant reductions in KHN, μTBS, and DC (p=0.00001) values and an increase in NL and PCLD (p=0.00001) values were observed for 3200*10 when compared with other groups. Higher KHN, μTBS, and DC (p=0.000001) values were observed for 3200*5 in comparison with the other groups. The 1400*5 (7 J/cm2) and 1400*10 (14 J/cm2) groups showed intermediate values (p=0.000001). CONCLUSION Although similar results in terms of hardness, polymer cross-linking density and nanoleakage were observed when 5 seconds at 3200 mW/cm2 and 10 seconds at 1400 mW/cm2 groups were compared, the use of higher irradiance (3200 mW/cm2) for only 5 seconds showed better results in terms of bond strength and degree of conversion for both universal adhesives to dentin. The prolonged exposure time (10 seconds) at the higher irradiance (3200 mW/cm2) showed the worst results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afm Cardenas
- Andres Felipe Millan Cardenas, DDS, Ms, PhD, professor, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Fsf Siqueira
- Fabiana Suelen Figuerêdo de Siqueira, DDS, Ms, PhD, professor, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - A Nuñez
- Alejandra Nuñez, DDS, Ms, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, and Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, San Francisco de Quito University, Quito, Ecuador
| | - R F Nonato
- Rammon de Faria Nonato, DDS, Ms student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Kgba Cavalcanti
- Karoline Guará Brusaca Almeida Cavalcanti, DDS, Ms, PhD student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - C J Soares
- Carlos José Soares, DDS, Ms, PhD, professor, Departament of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, MA, Brazil, and Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- *Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, Ms, PhD, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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de Brito GMAP, Silva DO, Macedo RFC, Ferreira MWC, Bauer J, Pedroso FDB, Reis A, Siqueira FSF, Loguercio AD, Cardenas AFM. Does the Application of Additional Hydrophobic Resin to Universal Adhesives Increase Bonding Longevity of Eroded Dentin? Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132701. [PMID: 35808746 PMCID: PMC9268900 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper evaluates the effect of an additional hydrophobic resin coat (extra HL) associated with universal adhesives on sound and eroded dentin and evaluated immediately or after 2 years of water storage to improve the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) when compared to the use of universal adhesives only. Sixty-four molars were assigned to eight groups using the following combinations: 1. dentin substrate, including sound and eroded dentin; 2. treatment, including the control and extra HL and storage time (immediately and after two-years of storage). Two universal adhesives (Prime & Bond Active or Scotchbond Universal) were evaluated. Before restoration, half of the teeth were subjected to soft-drink erosion. Composite buildups were bonded; specimens were stored (37 °C/24 h), sectioned into resin−dentin bonded sticks and tested for microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage using SEM (immediately and after two-years of storage). Three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05%) were used. In the immediate testing, the application of extra HL did not increase microtensile bond strength values compared with the control group in either substrate (p > 0.05). However, extra HL significantly decreased nanoleakage values when applied to eroded and sound dentin (p = 0.0001). After two years, the application of extra HL produced significantly higher microtensile bond strength and lower nanoleakage values than the control group for both adhesives (p = 0.0001). In all cases, sound dentin showed higher microtensile bond strength and lower nanoleakage values than eroded dentin (p = 0.000001). An extra HL increased the bond strength and reduced nanoleakage in eroded dentin after two-years of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graça Maria Abreu Pereira de Brito
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis 65075-120, Brazil; (G.M.A.P.d.B.); (D.O.S.); (F.S.F.S.); (A.F.M.C.)
| | - Daniella Oliveira Silva
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis 65075-120, Brazil; (G.M.A.P.d.B.); (D.O.S.); (F.S.F.S.); (A.F.M.C.)
| | | | | | - Jose Bauer
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhao, São Luis 65085-805, Brazil; (R.F.C.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Flavia de Brito Pedroso
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas 84030-900, Brazil; (M.W.C.F.); (F.d.B.P.)
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas 84030-900, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana Suelen Figuerêdo Siqueira
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis 65075-120, Brazil; (G.M.A.P.d.B.); (D.O.S.); (F.S.F.S.); (A.F.M.C.)
| | - Alessandro Dourado Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Uvaranas 84030-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andres Felipe Millan Cardenas
- Department of Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis 65075-120, Brazil; (G.M.A.P.d.B.); (D.O.S.); (F.S.F.S.); (A.F.M.C.)
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Influence of ceramic veneer on the transdentinal cytotoxicity, degree of conversion and bond strength of light-cured resin cements to dentin. Dent Mater 2022; 38:e160-e173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hardan L, Bourgi R, Kharouf N, Mancino D, Zarow M, Jakubowicz N, Haikel Y, Cuevas-Suárez CE. Bond Strength of Universal Adhesives to Dentin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:814. [PMID: 33799923 PMCID: PMC7961712 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the availability of a wide variety of universal adhesives makes it difficult for clinicians to choose the correct system for specific bonding situations to dentin substrate. This study aimed to determine whether there are any alternative techniques or additional strategies available to enhance the bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two reviewers executed a literature search up to September 2020 in four electronic databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. Only in vitro studies that reported the dentin bond strength of universal adhesives using additional strategies were included. An analysis was carried out using Review Manager Software version 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). The methodological quality of each in vitro study was assessed according to the parameters of a previous systematic. A total of 5671 potentially relevant studies were identified. After title and abstract examination, 74 studies remained in systematic review. From these, a total of 61 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin was improved by the use of one of the following techniques: Previous application of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitors (p < 0.001), prolonged application time (p = 0.007), scrubbing technique (p < 0.001), selective dentin etching (p < 0.001), non-atmospheric plasma (p = 0.01), ethanol-wet bonding (p < 0.01), prolonged blowing time (p = 0.02), multiple layer application (p = 0.005), prolonged curing time (p = 0.006), and hydrophobic layer coating (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the use of a shortened application time (p = 0.006), and dentin desensitizers (p = 0.01) impaired the bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin. Most of the analyses performed showed a high heterogenicity. The in vitro evidence suggests that the application of universal adhesives using some alternative techniques or additional strategies may be beneficial for improving their bonding performance to dentin. This research received no external funding. Considering that this systematic review was carried out only with in vitro studies, registration was not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, 1107 2180 Beirut, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, 1107 2180 Beirut, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maciej Zarow
- Private Practice, “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Natalia Jakubowicz
- Private Practice, “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (N.J.)
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo 42160, Mexico
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Dwiandhany WS, Abdou A, Tichy A, Yonekura K, Ikeda M, Hosaka K, Tagami J, Nakajima M. Additive effects of touch-activated polymerization and extended irradiation time on bonding of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 127:750-758. [PMID: 33431177 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The bonding of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin with an additional touch-polymerization activator has been insufficiently examined. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of touch-polymerization activators and extended light-irradiation time on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of light-activated adhesives. MATERIAL AND METHODS Post cavities were prepared in 50 extracted mandibular premolars and bonded using Prime&Bond Universal (PBU); PBU+Self Cure Activator (SCA); Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SEB); SEB+Clearfil DC Activator (DCA); or Clearfil Universal Bond Quick ER (UBQ). After light-irradiation for 10 or 20 seconds, the post cavities were filled with dual-activated resin core materials. Eight beams were prepared per specimen and subjected to the μTBS test. The μTBS data were analyzed by using 3-way ANOVAs with the Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS The 3-way ANOVAs indicated that the use of touch-polymerization activators (SCA and DCA) significantly increased the μTBS of PBU and SEB in both the coronal (P=.015) and apical (P=.001) regions. The extension of light-irradiation time to 20 seconds significantly improved their μTBS in the apical region (P<.001), but not in the coronal region (P=.09). Light-irradiation for 20 seconds increased the μTBS of UBQ significantly in the coronal region (P=.014). CONCLUSIONS Touch-polymerization activators improved the bond strength of light-activated adhesives to root canal dentin, especially when combined with an extended light-irradiation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyuni S Dwiandhany
- Graduate student, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Graduate student, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Lecturer, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Mokatam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Antonin Tichy
- Graduate student, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate student, Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kazuhide Yonekura
- Clinical Fellow, Operative Dentistry Clinic, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Junior Associate Professor, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Puppin-Rontani J, Fugolin A, Costa A, Correr-Sobrinho L, Pfeifer C. In vitro performance of 2-step, total etch adhesives modified by thiourethane additives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION & ADHESIVES 2020; 103:102688. [PMID: 32905544 PMCID: PMC7473506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thio-urethane oligomeric additives have been shown to improve the mechanical properties of dental composites and resin cements. To try to harness those same properties in dental adhesives, in this study, these oligomers (TU) were added to the matrix and/or as filler functionalization of experimental adhesives, and the effects on conversion and mechanical properties were analyzed. METHODS BisGMA and HEMA (60/40 wt%) were used as the monomer matrix, made polymerizable by the addition of 0.2 wt% 2,2-dimethoxy-2- phenylacetophenone. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol was added at 0.5 wt% as the inhibitor. This material was used as the unfilled control (BH). TU oligomers were added at 20 wt % to the matrix (BH+20%TU, unfilled) and/or used as filler functionalization (TF, 10 wt%). Fillers functionalized with methacrylate (MF, 10 wt%) served as the control. The experimental adhesives groups containing fillers were: BH+10%MF; BH+10%TF; BH+20%TU+10%MF; BH+20%TU+10%TF. Flexural properties were tested in three-point bending (wet and dry). Polymerization kinetics was followed in real-time in near-IR. Water Sorption/Solubility (WS/SL, ISO 4049) and Viscosity (rotational rheometry) were also evaluated. For Microtensile bond strength 40 vol% ethanol was added to adhesives, which was applied onto sound dentin from third human molars. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test, and test t for the comparison between storage time of the microtensile bond strength test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups when yield strength (YS) and flexural modulus (FM) were evaluated in dry conditions. After water storage, all the groups containing TU in the matrix showed statistically lower YS/FM values. This was true in spite of the statistically higher conversion for those same groups. The maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax) was higher for BH+10%TF and no significant difference was found for the groups BH and BH+10% MF. The lowest Rpmax values were found for BH+20%TU+10%TF and BH+20%TU. BH+20%TU+10%TF showed the highest viscosity values followed by BH+20%TU+10%MF and BH+20%TU, with statistically significant difference between them. For the microtensile bond strength test at 24h (p = 0.13) and 6 months (p = 0.11) and WS/SL (p > 0.05), no significant difference was found among groups. The storage time (24 h and 6 months) did not affect the microtensile bond strength results. CONCLUSION In spite of improving the conversion, the addition of TU in the matrix reduced the mechanical properties of the adhesives tested after water storage. This did not affect the bond strength at 24 h or 6 months.
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Soto-Montero J, Nima G, Dias CTS, Price RBT, Giannini M. Influence of beam homogenization on bond strength of adhesives to dentin. Dent Mater 2020; 37:e47-e58. [PMID: 33143939 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of beam homogeneity on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two adhesive resins to dentin. METHODS One polywave light-emitting-diode (LED) LCU (Bluephase Style, Ivoclar Vivadent AG) was used with two different light guides: a regular tip (RT, 1010 mW/cm2 emittance) and a homogenizer tip (HT, 946 mW/cm2 emittance). The emission spectra and beam profiles were measured from both light guides. Extracted third molars were prepared for μTBS evaluation using two adhesive systems: Excite F (EXF) and Adhese Universal (ADU). Bond strength was calculated for each specimen (n = 10) at locations that correlated with the output of the two LED chips emitting blue (455 nm) and the one chip that emitted violet light (409 nm) after 24-hs and after one-year water-storage. The μTBS was analyzed using a four-way analysis of variance (factors: adhesive system, light guide, LED wavelength, and storage time) and post-hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS EXF always delivered a higher μTBS than ADU (p < 0.0001), with the μTBS of ADU being about 20% lower than EXF. The light guide (p = 0.0259) and storage time (p = 0.0009) significantly influenced the μTBS. The LED wavelengths had no influence on the μTBS (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Homogeneity of the emitted light beam was associated with higher 24-h μTBS to dentin, regardless of the adhesive tested. Also, differences in the composition of adhesives can affect their compatibility with restorative composites and their ability to maintain bonding over one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira 901, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, Instalaciones Deportivas, 11501-2060, Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Gabriel Nima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira 901, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos T S Dias
- Department of Statistical Mathematics, Luiz de Queiroz Higher School of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Richard B T Price
- Dental Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University. 5981 University Avenue, 15000, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira 901, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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de Cássia Romano B, Soto-Montero J, Rueggeberg FA, Giannini M. Effects of extending duration of exposure to curing light and different measurement methods on depth-of-cure analyses of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:336-344. [PMID: 32502304 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of extending the duration of exposure to curing light on the depth of cure of two conventional (RBC1-conventional and RBC2-conventional) and two bulk-fill (RBC1-bulk and RBC2-bulk) resin composites. Polywave and single-peak photocuring units were used. Cylinder-shaped specimens were exposed to curing light either for the time period recommended by the manufacturer or twice the length of that time, and depth of cure was estimated using manual scraping (similar to the ISO-4049 standard) and solvent immersion techniques. Depth of cure was analyzed, using two-way ANOVA, for the factors measurement method and exposure time. For RBC1-conventional and RBC1-bulk, the solvent immersion technique estimated a greater depth of cure than did manual scraping; for RBC1-conventional, both techniques and both light-exposure time periods resulted in a depth of cure of >2 mm; and for RBC1-bulk, only the solvent method after photocuring for twice the manufacturer's recommended time resulted in a depth of cure of 5 mm. For RBC2-conventional and RBC2-bulk, neither technique nor exposure time resulted in estimated depths of cure that matched those indicated by the manufacturer. The results suggest that extending the duration of photopolymerization increases depth of cure. Also, calculation of depth of cure can vary according to the measurement technique used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Cássia Romano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Frederick A Rueggeberg
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Miranda MEDSNG, Silva EMD, Oliveira MFD, Simmer FS, Santos GBD, Amaral CM. Resin-dentin bond stability of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems with different concentrations of MMP inhibitor GM1489. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190499. [PMID: 32348441 PMCID: PMC7185984 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of the hybrid layer can be accelerated by the activation of dentin metalloproteinases (MMP) during the bonding procedure. MMP inhibitors may be used to contain this process. Objective To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC%), dentin bond strength (µTBS) (immediate and after 1 year of storage in water), and nanoleakage of an experimental (EXP) and a commercial (SB) adhesive system, containing different concentrations of the MMP inhibitor GM1489: 0, 1 µM, 5 µM and 10 µM. Methodology DC% was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy. Dentin bond strength was evaluated by µTBS test. Half of beams were submitted to the µTBS test after 24 h and the other half, after storage for 1 year. From each tooth and storage time, 2 beams were reserved for nanoleakage testing. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test to compare means (α=0.05). Results All adhesive systems maintained the µTBS after 1 year of storage. Groups with higher concentrations of inhibitor (5 µM and 10 µM) showed higher µTBS values than groups without inhibitor or with 1 µM. The nanoleakage values of all groups showed no increase after 1 year of storage and values were similar for SB and EXP groups, in both storage periods. The inhibitor did not affect the DC% of the EXP groups, but the SB5 and SB10 groups showed higher DC% values than those of SB0 and SB1. Conclusions The incorporation of GM1489 in the adhesive systems had no detrimental effect on DC%. The concentrations of 5 µM GM1489 for SB and 5 µM or 10 µM for EXP provided higher μTBS than groups without GM1489, in the evaluation after 1 year of storage; whereas the concentration of inhibitor did not affect adhesive systems nanoleakage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- LABIOM-R, Departamento de Odontotécnica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Mariana Flôres de Oliveira
- LABIOM-R, Departamento de Odontotécnica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Souza Simmer
- LABIOM-R, Departamento de Odontotécnica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Glauco Botelho Dos Santos
- LABIOM-R, Departamento de Odontotécnica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Mariote Amaral
- LABIOM-R, Departamento de Odontotécnica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Tichy A, Hosaka K, Abdou A, Nakajima M, Tagami J. Degree of Conversion Contributes to Dentin Bonding Durability of Contemporary Universal Adhesives. Oper Dent 2020; 45:556-566. [DOI: 10.2341/19-165-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
The degree of conversion of contemporary universal adhesives positively correlates with the bond strength to dentin. The correlation is more marked after thermocycling, suggesting that a high degree of conversion is required for long-term dentin bonding durability.
SUMMARY
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of five contemporary universal adhesives to dentin after 24 hours and thermocycling (TC), to measure their degrees of conversion (DC) and to test the correlation between μTBS and DC.
Methods and Materials: Four commercially available universal adhesives, Prime&Bond universal (PBU), Ecosite Bond (EB), G-Premio Bond (GPB), and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ), and one experimental adhesive, UBQ without an amide monomer (UBQ-A), were used in this study. For the μTBS test, midcoronal dentin of 50 human molars was exposed, ground using 600-grit SiC paper, and the adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After resin-composite buildup and 24-hour water storage, one-half of the specimens were subjected to 15,000 thermal cycles. The specimens were sectioned into beams and stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The DC of adhesives applied to dentin was evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy immediately after light-curing. All data were statistically analyzed at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The highest μTBSs were obtained with UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU, which were not significantly different from each other both after 24 hours and TC. The μTBS of GPB was lower compared with the aforementioned adhesives, but significantly only after TC, and the lowest μTBSs were obtained with EB. TC did not affect the μTBSs of UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU significantly, but a significant decrease was observed with GPB and EB. The highest DC was obtained with PBU and UBQ, followed by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate–rich adhesives UBQ-A and EB, which exhibited significantly lower DCs. The DC of GPB could not be determined because the reference peak at 1608 cm−1 was not detected in its spectra. A significant positive correlation was shown between μTBS and DC after 24 hours (r=0.716) and TC (r=0.856).
Conclusion: μTBS and DC were positively correlated, more markedly after TC, which suggests that DC may be an important factor for bond durability.
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Impact of Solvent Evaporation and Curing Protocol on Degree of Conversion of Etch-and-Rinse and Multimode Adhesives Systems. Int J Dent 2019; 2019:5496784. [PMID: 31097965 PMCID: PMC6487092 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5496784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the effect of air-drying time and light-curing time on the degree of conversion (DC) of three etch-and-rinse adhesive systems: ONE-STEP (OS) and ONE-STEP plus (OSP), Ambar (AMB), and two multimode adhesive systems: All-Bond Universal (ABU) and ScotchBond Universal (SBU) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Materials and Methods The DC of each adhesive system was analyzed with six experimental different protocols: (1) immediate light curing for 10 s without solvent volatilization; (2) 10 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 10 s light curing; (3) 60 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 10 s light curing; (4) immediate light curing for 20 s without solvent volatilization; (5) 10 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 20 s light curing; and (6) 60 s solvent volatilization with air stream plus 20 s light curing. FTIR spectra were obtained, and the DC was calculated by comparing the ratio of aliphatic/aromatic double carbon bonds before and after light activation (Bluephase 20i). The DC means were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Results Three-way ANOVA showed statistically significant adhesive, air-drying, and light-cured time (p < 0.001). In general, there was a trend of increased DC when the adhesives were dried and cured for longer times, but that was not observed for all the adhesives tested. The acetone-based adhesive systems require an air-drying prior to light activation. The light-curing time of 20 s increases the DC of all materials tested. Conclusion The results suggested that the DC of the adhesive systems tested was material dependent. In general, the protocol with solvent evaporation for 10 seconds with air syringe plus 20 seconds of light curing finds the high values of DC.
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Cadenaro M, Maravic T, Comba A, Mazzoni A, Fanfoni L, Hilton T, Ferracane J, Breschi L. The role of polymerization in adhesive dentistry. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e1-e22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhou J, Shibata Y, Tanaka R, Zhang Z, Zheng K, Li Q, Ikeda S, Gao P, Miyazaki T. Quantitative/qualitative analysis of adhesive-dentin interface in the presence of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 92:71-78. [PMID: 30660030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental adhesive provides effective retention of filling materials via adhesive-dentin hybridization. The use of co-monomers, such as 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), is thought to be crucial for hybridization owing to their ionic-binding to calcium and co-polymerization in the polymerizable adhesives. Optimal hybridization partly depends on the mechanical properties of polymerized adhesives, which are likely to be proportional to the degree of conversion ratio. This study assessed the correlation between polymerization quality and mechanical properties at the adhesive-dentin interfaces in the presence or absence of 10-MDP. In situ Raman microspectroscopy and nanoindentation tests were used concurrently to quantify the degree of conversion ratio and dynamic mechanical properties across the adhesive-dentin interfaces. Despite the excellent diffusion and apparent higher degree of co-polymerization, 10-MDP reduced the elastic modulus of the interface. The higher viscoelastic properties of the adhesive are suggestive of poor polymerization, namely polymerization linearity related to the long carboxyl chain of 10-MDP. Such reduced mechanical integrity of hybridization could also be associated with the inhibition of nano-layering between 10-MDP and mineralized tissue in the presence of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). This potential drawback of HEMA necessitates further qualitative/quantitative characterization of adhesive-dentin hybridization using a HEMA-free/low concentration experimental 10-MDP monomer, which theoretically possesses superior chemical bonding potential to the current HEMA-rich protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yo Shibata
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Reina Tanaka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Zhongpu Zhang
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Keke Zheng
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sachiko Ikeda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ping Gao
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Takashi Miyazaki
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Engineering, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Balalaie A, Rezvani MB, Mohammadi Basir M. Dual function of proanthocyanidins as both MMP inhibitor and crosslinker in dentin biomodification: A literature review. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:173-182. [PMID: 29176304 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin, a natural phytochemical bioactive agent, simultaneously can silence the activity of dentinal proteases and crosslink the collagen matrix; both of these phenomena would be the fundamentals for bio-stability of resin-dentin interface which is essential for a promising adhesive dentistry. This review provides an overview of the data developed by different groups of researchers and highlighted topics are proanthocyanidin chemistry, natural resources and the unique interactions between proanthocyanidincollagen and proanthocyanidin-MMPs in dentin. Besides, clinical applications of proanthocyanidin in the form of proanthocyanidin-containing adhesives, preconditioners and etchants have been reviewed. One hundred and twelve studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals from 1981 to 2017, all were comprised in this review, some of them have been actually proven to be promising from clinical point of view and others need further assessment before their adoption as clinically practicable protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Balalaie
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University
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De Souza G, Braga RR, Cesar PF, Lopes GC. Correlation between clinical performance and degree of conversion of resin cements: a literature review. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:358-68. [PMID: 26398507 PMCID: PMC4560495 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Resin-based cements have been frequently employed in clinical practice to lute indirect restorations. However, there are numerous factors that may compromise the clinical performance of those cements. The aim of this literature review is to present and discuss some of the clinical factors that may affect the performance of current resin-based luting systems. Resin cements may have three different curing mechanisms: chemical curing, photo curing or a combination of both. Chemically cured systems are recommended to be used under opaque or thick restorations, due to the reduced access of the light. Photo-cured cements are mainly indicated for translucent veneers, due to the possibility of light transmission through the restoration. Dual-cured are more versatile systems and, theoretically, can be used in either situation, since the presence of both curing mechanisms might guarantee a high degree of conversion (DC) under every condition. However, it has been demonstrated that clinical procedures and characteristics of the materials may have many different implications in the DC of currently available resin cements, affecting their mechanical properties, bond strength to the substrate and the esthetic results of the restoration. Factors such as curing mechanism, choice of adhesive system, indirect restorative material and light-curing device may affect the degree of conversion of the cement and, therefore, have an effect on the clinical performance of resin-based cements. Specific measures are to be taken to ensure a higher DC of the luting system to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace De Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, GD
| | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Paulo Francisco Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
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Effect of increased exposure times on amount of residual monomer released from single-step self-etch adhesives. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2015; 13:e287-92. [PMID: 26108431 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased exposure times on the amount of residual Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA and UDMA released from single-step self-etch adhesive systems. METHODS Two adhesive systems were used. The adhesives were applied to bovine dentin surface according to the manufacturer's instructions and were polymerized using an LED curing unit for 10, 20 and 40 seconds (n = 5). After polymerization, the specimens were stored in 75% ethanol-water solution (6 mL). Residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA and HEMA) that were eluted from the adhesives (after 10 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days and 30 days) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests. RESULTS Among the time periods, the highest amount of released residual monomers from adhesives was observed in the 10th minute. There were statistically significant differences regarding released Bis-GMA, UDMA, HEMA and TEGDMA between the adhesive systems (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among the 10, 20 and 40 second polymerization times according to their effect on residual monomer release from adhesives (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increasing the polymerization time did not have an effect on residual monomer release from single-step self-etch adhesives.
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Muñoz MA, Luque-Martinez I, Malaquias P, Hass V, Reis A, Campanha NH, Loguercio AD. In vitro longevity of bonding properties of universal adhesives to dentin. Oper Dent 2015; 40:282-92. [PMID: 25405904 DOI: 10.2341/14-055-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the immediate and 6-month resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of universal adhesives that contain or do not contain methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and are used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty caries-free extracted third molars were divided into eight groups for μTBS (n=5). The groups were bonded with the Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) as controls; Peak Universal, self-etch (PkSe) and etch-and rinse (PkEr); Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, self-etch (ScSe) and etch-and-rinse (ScEr); and All Bond Universal, self-etch (AlSe) and etch-and-rinse (AlEr). After composite restorations, specimens were longitudinally sectioned to obtain resin-dentin bonded sticks (0.8 mm(2)). The μTBS of the specimens was tested immediately (IM) or after 6 months of water storage (6M) at 0.5 mm/min. Some sticks at each storage period were immersed in silver nitrate and photo developed, and the NL was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). RESULTS At the IM period, PkSe and PkEr showed μTBS similar to the control adhesives (p>0.05) but increased NL pattern and lower μTBS after 6M (p<0.05). ScSe and ScEr showed intermediary μTBS values at the IM period but remained stable after 6 months (p>0.05). AlSe showed the lowest μTBS (p<0.05), but μTBS and NL remained stable after 6M (p>0.05). AlEr showed higher IM μTBS but showed higher degradation after 6M (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Universal adhesives that contain MDP showed higher and more stable μTBS with reduced NL at the interfaces after 6 months of water storage.
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Nagpal R, Sharma P, Manuja N, Tyagi SP, Singh UP, Singh S, Singh P. Influence of double application technique on the bonding effectiveness of self-etch adhesive systems. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:489-94. [PMID: 25864526 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare the effect of double-application of single-step self-etch adhesives using microleakage study and to analyze the dentin-adhesive interfacial micromorphology. METHODS In total, 72 extracted human premolars were divided into three groups for different self-etch adhesives (G Bond, GC [GB], Optibond, Kerr [OB], and Xeno V Plus, Dentsply [XV]). Class V cavities were prepared. Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the placement technique of the adhesive, using the single-application [subgroup (a)] or double-application method [subgroup (b)]. Resin composite (Z 250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN) was used to restore the cavities and light cured for 40 s. Twenty samples from each group were subjected to microleakage study. Two samples from both the subgroups of the three adhesives were used for scanning electron microscopic examination of the resin-dentin interfacial ultrastructure. Dye leakage scores were subjected to statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests at significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS GB depicted significantly more microleakage which was significantly greater than OB and XV. The double application led to significant decrease in microleakage of GB with no significant effect on the microleakage scores of other two all-in-one adhesives, that is OB and XV. CONCLUSION Double application of all-in-one self-etch adhesives improves the marginal sealing ability in dentin although it appears to be product dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Nagpal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Kothiwal Denta L College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Kothiwal Denta L College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Manuja
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Prabha Tyagi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Kothiwal Denta L College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Udai Pratap Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Kothiwal Denta L College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shipra Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Kothiwal Denta L College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Kothiwal Denta L College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shear bond strength of different adhesives tested in accordance with DIN 13990-1/-2 and using various methods of enamel conditioning. J Orofac Orthop 2015; 76:175-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Erfan M, Jafarzadeh-Kashi TS, Ghadiri M, Rakhshan V. The effects of dentin bonding agent formulas on their polymerization quality, and together with tooth tissues on their microleakage and shear bond strength: an explorative 3-step experiment. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6:333-45. [PMID: 25352955 PMCID: PMC4211049 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.5.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bonding agents (BA) are the crucial weak link of composite restorations. Since the commercial materials' compositions are not disclosed, studies to formulize the optimum ratios of different components are of value. The aim of this study was to find a proper formula of BAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This explorative experimental in vitro study was composed of 4 different sets of extensive experiments. A commercial BA and 7 experimental formulas were compared in terms of degree of conversion (5 experimental formulas), shear bond strength, mode of failure, and microleakage (3 experimental formulas). Statistical analyses were performed (α=.05). The DC of selected formula was tested one year later. RESULTS The two-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the shear bond strength (SBS) of two tissues (dentin vs. enamel, P=.0001) in a way that dentinal bonds were weaker. However, there was no difference between the four materials (P=.283). The adhesive mode of failure was predominant in all groups. No differences between the microleakage of the four materials at occlusal (P=.788) or gingival (P=.508) sites were detected (Kruskal-Wallis). The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference between the microleakage of all materials (3 experimental formulas and a commercial material) together at the occlusal site versus the gingival site (P=.041). CONCLUSION A formula with 62% bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA), 37% hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 0.3% camphorquinone (CQ), and 0.7% dimethyl-para-toluidine (DMPT) seems a proper formula for mass production. The microleakage and SBS might be respectively higher and lower on dentin compared to enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Erfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh-Kashi
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center for Sciences and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Rakhshan
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Department of Dental Anatomy and Morphology, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Chimeli TBC, D'Alpino PHP, Pereira PN, Hilgert LA, Di Hipólito V, Garcia FCP. Effects of solvent evaporation on water sorption/solubility and nanoleakage of adhesive systems. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:294-301. [PMID: 25141201 PMCID: PMC4126825 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the influence of solvent evaporation in the kinetics of water
diffusion (water sorption-WS, solubility-SL, and net water uptake) and nanoleakage
of adhesive systems. Material and Methods Disk-shaped specimens (5.0 mm in diameter x 0.8 mm in thickness) were produced
(N=48) using the adhesives: Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3)/Kuraray, Clearfil SE
Bond - control group (CSE)/Kuraray, Optibond Solo Plus (OS)/Kerr and Scotchbond
Universal Adhesive (SBU)/3M ESPE. The solvents were either evaporated for 30 s or
not evaporated (N=24/per group), and then photoactivated for 80 s
(550 mW/cm2). After desiccation, the specimens were weighed and stored
in distilled water (N=12) or mineral oil (N=12) to evaluate the water diffusion
over a 7-day period. Net water uptake (%) was also calculated as the sum of WS and
SL. Data were submitted to 3-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (α=5%). The nanoleakage
expression in three additional specimens per group was also
evaluated after ammoniacal silver impregnation after 7 days of water storage under
SEM. Results Statistical analysis revealed that only the factor "adhesive" was significant
(p<0.05). Solvent evaporation had no influence in the WS and SL of the
adhesives. CSE (control) presented significantly lower net uptake (5.4%). The
nanoleakage was enhanced by the presence of solvent in the adhesives. Conclusions Although the evaporation has no effect in the kinetics of water diffusion, the
nanoleakage expression of the adhesives tested increases when the solvents are not
evaporated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia Nóbrega Pereira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Hilgert
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Di Hipólito
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Dentistry, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Taschner M, Kümmerling M, Lohbauer U, Breschi L, Petschelt A, Frankenberger R. Effect of Double-layer Application on Dentin Bond Durability of One-step Self-etch Adhesives. Oper Dent 2014; 39:416-26. [DOI: 10.2341/13-168-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Purpose
The aim of this in vitro study was 1) to analyze the influence of a double-layer application technique of four one-step self-etch adhesive systems on dentin and 2) to determine its effect on the stability of the adhesive interfaces stored under different conditions.
Materials and Methods
Four different one-step self-etch adhesives were selected for the study (iBondSE, Clearfil S3 Bond, XenoV+, and Scotchbond Universal). Adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' instructions or with a double-layer application technique (without light curing of the first layer). After bonding, resin-dentin specimens were sectioned for microtensile bond strength testing in accordance with the nontrimming technique and divided into 3 subgroups of storage: a) 24 hours (immediate bond strength, T0), b) six months (T6) in artificial saliva at 37°C, or c) five hours in 10 % NaOCl at room temperature. After storage, specimens were stressed to failure. Fracture mode was assessed under a light microscope.
Results
At T0, iBond SE showed a significant increase in microtensile bond strength when the double-application technique was applied. All adhesive systems showed reduced bond strengths after six months of storage in artificial saliva and after storage in 10% NaOCl for five hours; however at T6, iBond SE, Clearfil S3 Bond, and XenoV+ showed significantly higher microtensile bond strength results for the double-application technique compared with the single-application technique. Scotchbond Universal showed no difference between single- or double-application, irrespective of the storage conditions.
Conclusion
The results of this study show that improvements in bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives by using the double-application technique are adhesive dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taschner
- Michael Taschner, DMD, assistant professor, University Hospital of Erlangen, Dental Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kümmerling
- Maria Kümmerling, post graduate student, University Hospital of Erlangen, Dental Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - U Lohbauer
- Ulrich Lohbauer, MSc, PhD, FADM, Dental Clinic 1, Dental Materials Lab, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, DDS, PhD, professor, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Petschelt
- Anselm Petschelt, DMD, PhD, professor and chair, University Hospital of Erlangen, Dental Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Frankenberger
- Roland Frankenberger, DMD, PhD, professor and chair, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Muñoz MA, Sezinando A, Luque-Martinez I, Szesz AL, Reis A, Loguercio AD, Bombarda NH, Perdigão J. Influence of a hydrophobic resin coating on the bonding efficacy of three universal adhesives. J Dent 2014; 42:595-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Loguercio AD, Luque-Martinez I, Muñoz MA, Szesz AL, Cuadros-Sánchez J, Reis A. A comprehensive laboratory screening of three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives. Oper Dent 2014; 39:652-62. [PMID: 24720263 DOI: 10.2341/13-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated several bonding (microtensile bond strengths [μTBS], nanoleakage [NL], and in situ degree of conversion [ISDC] on dentin) and mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength [UTS], degree of conversion [DC], water sorption [WS], and solubility [SL] in water) of four three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in the short term. METHODS A total of 28 molars were used in this study. The dentin surfaces were bonded with the following adhesives: All-Bond 3 (ALB3); Fusion Duralink (FSDL); Optibond FL (OBFL), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP). After each adhesive-system application, composite resin build-ups were added. For bonding tests, specimens were sectioned in order to obtain bonded sticks. The sticks were divided to be tested for μTBS (0.5 mm/min), for NL (n=2), and ISDC (n=2). For NL, they were immersed in 50% silver nitrate and analyzed by scanning election microscopy. For ISDC, the hybrid layer was evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. An hourglass-shaped matrix (UTS) or disk-shaped matrix (WS and SL) was filled with primer and adhesive (1:1 ratio) and light-polymerized. For UTS evaluation, the specimens were tested under tension. For WS and SL, specimens were desiccated and stored in distilled water to evaluate water diffusion kinetics over a 28-day period. The DC of the adhesives was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The data from each test were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. RESULTS OBFL resulted in the highest μTBS, lower NL, higher ISDC and DC, and higher UTS than other adhesives (p<0.05), as well as lower WS (similar to ALB3 and FSDL) and SL (similar to ALB3 and SBMP) (p>0.05). ALB3 showed a higher NL and the lowest DC value. FSDL showed the highest NL and SL and the lowest ISDC. SBMP showed the lowest pattern of WS (p<0.05)CONCLUSION: OBFL showed the best results in all the properties evaluated, and it can be considered the gold standard of the three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems.
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Feitosa VP, Bazzocchi MG, Putignano A, Orsini G, Luzi AL, Sinhoreti MAC, Watson TF, Sauro S. Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4·2H2O) precipitation through ortho- or meta-phosphoric acid-etching: Effects on the durability and nanoleakage/ultra-morphology of resin–dentine interfaces. J Dent 2013; 41:1068-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Mazzoni A, Angeloni V, Apolonio FM, Scotti N, Tjäderhane L, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Di Lenarda R, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Effect of carbodiimide (EDC) on the bond stability of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Dent Mater 2013; 29:1040-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reis A, Carrilho M, Breschi L, Loguercio AD. Overview of Clinical Alternatives to Minimize the Degradation of the Resin-dentin Bonds. Oper Dent 2013; 38:E1-E25. [DOI: 10.2341/12-258-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The incorporation of hydrophilic and acidic resin monomers substantially improved the initial bonding of contemporary etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesives to intrinsically wet dental substrates, providing quite favorable immediate results, regardless of the bonding approach used. However, in the long term, the bonding effectiveness of most simplified ER and SE adhesives drop dramatically. This review examines the fundamental processes that are responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of the resin-bonded interfaces and some possible clinical approaches that have been effective in minimizing or even preventing the degradation of the adhesive interfaces produced with simplified adhesives. The incorporation of some of the feasible approaches - described in this review - may improve the quality of the adhesive restorations performed in clinical practice, while manufacturers develop bonding materials that are less susceptible to the aging mechanisms present in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - M Carrilho
- Marcela Rocha Carrilho, DDS, PhD, professor, GEO/Bandeirante University of São Paulo and School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, DDS, PhD, professor, University of Trieste, Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, Trieste, Italy
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Jandt KD, Mills RW. A brief history of LED photopolymerization. Dent Mater 2013; 29:605-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marchesi G, Frassetto A, Visintini E, Diolosà M, Turco G, Salgarello S, Di Lenarda R, Cadenaro M, Breschi L. Influence of ageing on self-etch adhesives: one-step vs. two-step systems. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 121:43-9. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Marchesi
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste; Italy
| | - Andrea Frassetto
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste; Italy
| | - Erika Visintini
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste; Italy
| | - Marina Diolosà
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste; Italy
| | - Gianluca Turco
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste; Italy
| | | | | | - Milena Cadenaro
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Trieste; Trieste; Italy
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Feitosa VP, Watson TF, Vitti RP, Bacchi A, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB, Sinhoreti MAC, Sauro S. Prolonged curing time reduces the effects of simulated pulpal pressure on the bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives. Oper Dent 2012; 38:545-54. [PMID: 23215642 DOI: 10.2341/12-180-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extended light-curing procedures on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of one-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs) submitted to simulated pulpal pressure. Coronal deep-dentin specimens were bonded using Clearfil S3 Bond (S3), Adper Easy Bond (EB), or G-Bond Plus (GB) following the manufacturers' recommendations and light-cured for 10 seconds or 40 seconds. The dentin-bonded specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours without pulpal pressure (control) or submitted to 20 cm H2O simulated pulpal pressure for 24 hours. The specimens were cut into matchsticks and subjected to μTBS testing. The data were statistically analyzed using the three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (p<0.05). Debonded sticks were investigated through scanning electron microscopy. EB obtained higher bond strengths than GB and S3. However, prolonged light activation (40 seconds) provided higher μTBS for all adhesives when submitted to pulpal pressure. Conversely, pulpal pressure caused a drop in μTBS in EB and S3 when light-cured for 10 seconds. A mixed failure mode was mainly attained for the control groups, whereas the specimens submitted to pulpal pressure failed in the adhesive mode. The μTBS of GB was not affected by pulpal pressure when light-cured for 10 seconds. Adhesive was the most prevalent failure mode, except when light-cured for 40 seconds, which showed predominantly cohesive failure. Extended curing times improved the resistance of 1-SEAs to simulated pulpal pressure.
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Hass V, Luque-Martinez I, Sabino NB, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Prolonged exposure times of one-step self-etch adhesives on adhesive properties and durability of dentine bonds. J Dent 2012; 40:1090-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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One-bottle self-etching adhesives applied to dentine air-abraded using bioactive glasses containing polyacrylic acid: An in vitro microtensile bond strength and confocal microscopy study. J Dent 2012; 40:896-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Development and assessment of experimental dental polymers with enhanced polymerisation, crosslink density and resistance to fluid permeability based on ethoxylated-Bisphenol-A-dimethacrylates and 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Frassetto A, Navarra CO, Marchesi G, Turco G, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L, Ferracane JL, Cadenaro M. Kinetics of polymerization and contraction stress development in self-adhesive resin cements. Dent Mater 2012; 28:1032-9. [PMID: 22770674 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the contraction stress, microhardness and polymerization kinetics of three self-adhesive cements vs. conventional dual-cure resin cement. METHODS Cements tested were: RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), MaxCem Elite (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA), Clearfil SA Cement (Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) and Duolink (Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). Cements were irradiated with a LED-curing unit (bluephase, IvoclarVivadent) for 20 or 40 s and the contraction forces (N) generated during polymerization were continuously recorded for 6 h with a universal testing machine. Polymerization kinetics were monitored using micro-Raman spectroscopy and degree of conversion was calculated. Vickers microhardness was also recorded. All measurements were performed at 10 min and 6h. Data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS Irrespective of exposure time, stress analysis ranked in the following order: Clearfil SA Cement<MaxCem<RelyX Unicem≤Duolink (p<0.05). Stress was correlated with microhardness values (p<0.05). Kinetic curves showed that maximum degree of conversion was attained more quickly than maximum stress after light activation. SIGNIFICANCE The conventional resin-based cement showed higher stress values than the self-adhesive cements. The results were material-dependent and probably correlated to the composition of each material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frassetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
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Degree of conversion of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives: In situ micro-Raman analysis. J Dent 2012; 40:711-7. [PMID: 22583674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DC of three commercial two-step etch-and-rinse adhesives across the dentine-adhesive interface was investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The hypothesis tested was that no difference in DC would exist among the adhesives tested. METHODS Adper Scotchbond 1XT (3M ESPE), Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply DeTrey), and Ambar (FGM) were applied on human dentine disks (n=9). Composite increments of 2mm were then applied on the adhesive surface. Raman spectra were collected along the dentine-adhesive interface. The relative intensities of the peaks associated with the mineral (PO(4)(3-) at 960cm(-1)) and the adhesive (CC at 1640cm(-1); phenyl CC at 1610cm(-1)) were used to identify the adhesive within the hybrid layer and calculate its DC. RESULTS Adper Scotchbond 1XT and Ambar showed similar DC (79±7% and 77±7%, respectively), while a lower DC was found for Prime&Bond NT (70±7%; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis tested was rejected because differences were found among the adhesives tested. The difference in DC among the three adhesive systems can be attributed to different monomer compositions and solvents. Further studies are needed to correlate DC with other mechanical properties of these adhesives. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Insufficient polymerization of an adhesive can result in a weak hybrid layer, and the presence of unreacted monomers may result in degradation of the polymeric network, decreasing the strength and longevity of the bond. In the present study, Adper Scotchbond 1XT and Ambar performed significantly better than Prime&Bond NT.
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Orsini G, Mazzoni A, Orciani M, Putignano A, Procaccini M, Falconi M, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression induced by two different adhesive systems on human pulp fibroblasts. J Endod 2011; 37:1663-7. [PMID: 22099901 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in primary cultures of human pulp fibroblasts (HPFs) when exposed to extracts from dentin-bonding systems. METHODS Polymerized resin disks of the bonding agent of a 2-step self-etch adhesive (TechBond, Isasan, Rovello Porro, Italy) or of the primer/bonding agent a 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Optibond Solo; Sybron-Kerr, Orange, CA) were immersed in HPF culture medium for 24 or 96 hours. HPFs were incubated in the adhesive-conditioned or control (untreated) culture medium for 24 hours. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assay MMP-2 expression. RESULTS MMP-2 expression levels in HPFs cultured for 24 hours in culture medium were similar in both the control and experimental media groups showing a faint band at 67 kDa. Conversely, the HPFs incubated in the medium that contain polymerized resin disks for 96 hours showed increased MMP-2 expression compared with the untreated medium. The self-etch adhesive displayed the most pronounced induction of MMP-2 expression. These findings were confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. CONCLUSIONS HPFs display increased MMP-2 expression after 96 hours of conditioning of the HPF culture medium with polymerized disks of dentin bonding systems. This MMP-2 expression/activation may represent a defence mechanism exhibited by HPFs towards monomers eluted from the dentin bonding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Ermis RB, Van Landuyt KL, Cardoso MV, De Munck J, Van Meerbeek B, Peumans M. Clinical effectiveness of a one-step self-etch adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions at 2 years. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:889-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marchesi G, Navarra CO, Cadenaro M, Carrilho MR, Codan B, Sergo V, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L. The effect of ageing on the elastic modulus and degree of conversion of two multistep adhesive systems. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118:304-10. [PMID: 20572866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the curing reaction, the monomers of dentine bonding systems should cross-link sufficiently to strengthen an adhesive so that it is clinically reliable. This study evaluated how different storage conditions (air vs. water storage) affect the elastic modulus (E-modulus) and degree of conversion (DC) of a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive and a two-step self-etch adhesive. The biaxial flexural test and Raman microscopy were performed on resin disks made from the bonding agents Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP; 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB; Kuraray). The measurements were repeated after storage in either air or water for 15 and 30 min and for 1, 24, and 72 h. At time 0, the E-modulus was not affected by the adhesive system, whilst the degree of cure of CPB was higher than that of SBMP. Air storage increased the E-modulus at each ageing interval. Storage in water increased the E-modulus until it reached a maximum at 24 h, after which it decreased significantly at 72 h. No linear correlation between the percentage DC and E-modulus of the two adhesives was found when stored in water. The results of this study indicate that the mechanical properties and polymerization kinetics of SBMP and CPB are affected by storage time and medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Marchesi
- Division of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, Department of Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Green B, Yao X, Ganguly A, Xu C, Dusevich V, Walker MP, Wang Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive. J Dent 2010; 38:908-15. [PMID: 20709136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Contemporary methods of dentin bonding could create hybrid layers (HLs) containing voids and exposed, demineralised collagen fibres. Proanthocyanidins (PA) have been shown to cross-link and strengthen demineralised dentin collagen, but their effects on collagen degradation within the HL have not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the morphological differences of HLs created by BisGMA/HEMA model adhesives with and without the addition of grape seed extract PA under conditions of enzymatic collagen degradation. METHODS Model adhesives formulated with and without 5% PA were bonded to the acid etched dentin. 5-μm-thick sections cut from the bonded specimens were stained with Goldner's trichrome. The specimens were then exposed to 0.1% collagenase solution for 0, 1, or 6 days. Following collagenase treatment, the specimens were analysed with SEM/TEM. RESULTS Staining did not reveal a difference in the HLs created with the two adhesives. SEM showed the presence of intact collagen fibrils in all collagenase treatment conditions for specimens bonded with adhesive containing PA. These integral collagen fibrils were not observed in the specimens bonded with adhesive without PA after the same collagenase treatment. TEM confirmed that the specimens containing PA still showed normal collagen fibril organisation and dimensions after treatment with collagenase solution. In contrast, disorganised collagen fibrils in the interfacial zone lacked the typical cross-banding of normal collagen after collagenase treatment for specimens without PA. CONCLUSIONS The presence of grape seed extract PA in dental adhesives may inhibit the biodegradation of unprotected collagen fibrils within the HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Green
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, 650 E. 25th St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Reis A, Ferreira SQ, Costa TRF, Klein-Júnior CA, Meier MM, Loguercio AD. Effects of increased exposure times of simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives on the degradation of resin-dentin bonds and quality of the polymer network. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118:502-9. [PMID: 20831585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Reis
- School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Rosentritt M, Shortall A, Palin W. Dynamic monitoring of curing photoactive resins: A methods comparison. Dent Mater 2010; 26:565-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Influence of different initiators on the degree of conversion of experimental adhesive blends in relation to their hydrophilicity and solvent content. Dent Mater 2009; 26:288-94. [PMID: 20018363 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the curing reaction of five experimental adhesive blends containing different photo-initiating systems. The hypothesis tested was that degree of conversion (DC) of resin blends is affected by resin type, solvent content and photo-initiating system. METHODS The experimental methacrylate resin blends were ranked from hydrophobic (R2) to hydrophilic (R3 and R4) and tested as neat, or solvated with 10% or 20% ethanol, or 10% ethanol and 10% water. Three different photo-initiators were used: IS-1=0.25% CQ (camphorquinone)+1% EDMAB (ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate); IS-2=1.25% TPO (diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide); IS-3=0.25% CQ+0.50% EDMAB+0.50% TPO. DC of resin blends was measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. Data were analyzed with a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS Neat resin type influenced DC, as R4 showed the highest values compared to R2 and R3 (p<0.05). Solvent had a significant effect on DC (p<0.05): dilution of resin blends with 10% or 20% ethanol or 10% ethanol+10% water increased the DC of all resins, except for R4. Initiators influenced the polymerization since neat resins and mixtures solvated with 10% or 20% ethanol showed their highest DC values when polymerized with IS-1 or IS-3 (p>0.05), while IS-2 or IS-3 increased the DC values of resins diluted with 10% ethanol and 10% water (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Water-compatible photo-initiators such as TPO should be included in the hydrophilic solvated adhesive formulation to ensure an appropriate DC of the adhesive layer.
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