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Ghezzi B, Meglioli M, Salvaterra Toffoli A, Mergoni G, Rossi F, Manfredi M, Lumetti S, Manfredi E. Polishing methods for composites restoration: the influence on human gingival fibroblasts behaviour. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:651. [PMID: 38831398 PMCID: PMC11149303 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carious/Non-carious cervical lesions with gingival recessions may require both dental and periodontal reconstructive therapy, where flaps/grafts may be placed in contact with a dental filling material. Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF-1) response during the early phase of healing could vary according to the procedures employed to cure the dental composite. Moreover, oxygen diffusion into dental composite inhibits the polymerization reaction, creating an oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL) that presents residual unreacted monomers. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different polishing techniques and OIL on HGF-1. METHODS Composite discs polished with different techniques (diamond rubber, abrasive discs and tungsten carbide burr) were used. An additional not polished smooth group obtained with and without OIL was used as control. Samples were physically characterized through the analysis of their hydrophilicity and surface topography through contact angle measurement and SEM, respectively; afterwards the biologic response of HGF-1 when cultured on the different substrates was analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity and gene expression. RESULTS The finishing systems caused alterations to the wettability, even if without a proportional relation towards the results of the proliferation essay, from which emerges a greater proliferation on surfaces polished with one-step diamond rubber and with abrasive discs as well as a direct effect of the glycerin layer, confirming that surface roughness can heavily influence the biological response of HGF-1. CONCLUSIONS Surfaces wettability as well as cellular behavior seem to be affected by the selection of the finishing system used to lastly shape the restoration. Especially, the presence of OIL act as a negative factor in the regards of human gingival fibroblasts. The present study may provide the first clinical instruction regarding the best polishing system of composite material when the restoration is placed directly in contact with soft tissue cells. Understanding HGF-1 behavior can help identifying the polishing treatment for direct restoration of carious/non-carious cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Ghezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy.
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, 43124, Italy.
| | - Matteo Meglioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvaterra Toffoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mergoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Maddalena Manfredi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Simone Lumetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Edoardo Manfredi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
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Ohlsson E, Bolay C, Arabulan S, Galler KM, Buchalla W, Schmalz G, Widbiller M. In-vitro-cytotoxicity of self-adhesive dental restorative materials. Dent Mater 2024; 40:739-746. [PMID: 38403539 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the introduction of self-adhesive composites in restorative dentistry is very promising, the innovation of new materials also presents challenges and unknowns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of four different self-adhesive composites (SAC) in vitro and to compare them with resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RM-GIC), a more established group of materials. METHODS Samples of the following materials were prepared according to ISO 7405/10993-12 and eluted in cell culture medium for 24 h at 37 °C: Vertise Flow, Fusio Liquid Dentin, Constic, Surefil One, Photac Fil and Fuji II LC. Primary human pulp cells were obtained from extracted wisdom teeth and cultured for 24 h with the extracts in serial dilutions. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, membrane disruption was quantified by LDH assay and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry after annexin/PI staining. RESULTS Two SAC (Constic and Vertise Flow) and one RM-GIC (Photac Fil) significantly reduced cell viability by more than 30% compared to the untreated control (p < 0.001). Disruptive cell morphological changes were observed and the cells showed signs of late apoptosis and necrosis in flow cytometry. Membrane disruption was not observed with any of the investigated materials. CONCLUSION Toxic effects occurred independently of the substance group and need to be considered in the development of materials with regard to clinical implications. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SAC have many beneficial qualities, however, the cytotoxic effects of certain products should be considered when applied in close proximity to the dental pulp, as is often required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Ohlsson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sevgi Arabulan
- Department of Pedodontics, Ege University, Ege University Campus, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Heyder M, Kranz S, Beck J, Wettemann M, Hennig CL, Schulze-Späte U, Sigusch BW, Reise M. Influence of Layer Thickness and Shade on the Transmission of Light through Contemporary Resin Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1554. [PMID: 38612069 PMCID: PMC11012366 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Material-dependent parameters have an important impact on the efficiency of light polymerization. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the influence of the increment thickness and shade of nano- and nanohybrid resin composites on the transmission of curing light. METHODS Three contemporary resin composites were evaluated: Tetric EvoCeram® (TEC); Venus Diamond® (VD); and Filtek Supreme XTE® (FS XTE). Light transmission (LT) was recorded in accordance with the sample thickness (0.5 to 2.7 mm) and the shade. Polymerized samples were irradiated for 10 s each using the high-power LED curing light Celalux 2 (1900 mW/cm2). LT was simultaneously recorded using the MARC Patient Simulator (MARC-PS). RESULTS LT was strongly influenced by the composite layer thickness. For 0.5 mm-thick samples, a mean power density of 735 mW/cm2 was recorded at the bottom side. For the 2.7 mm samples, a mean power density of 107 mW/cm2 was measured. Only LT was markedly reduced in the case of darker shades. From A1 to A4, LT decreased by 39.3% for FS XTE and 50.8% for TEC. Dentin shades of FS XTE and TEC (A2, A4) showed the lowest LT. CONCLUSIONS The thickness and shade of resin composite increments strongly influences the transmission of curing light. More precise information about these parameters should be included in the manufacture manual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Julius Beck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marlene Wettemann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernd W. Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospitals, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.H.); (J.B.); (M.R.)
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Lehmann A, Nijakowski K, Drożdżyńska A, Przybylak M, Woś P, Surdacka A. Influence of the Polymerization Modes on the Methacrylic Acid Release from Dental Light-Cured Materials-In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15248976. [PMID: 36556780 PMCID: PMC9786925 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on the problem of lowering the pH around a composite filling concerning the polymerization modes and methacrylic acid release, which may affect not only the oral health but also the whole organism. A total of 90 specimens (30 of each: Filtek Bulk Fill, Evetric and Riva LC) were placed in 90 sterile hermetic polyethene containers with saline and incubated at 37 °C. Ten samples of each material were light-cured for 40 s with one of the three curing modes: full power mode (FPM), ramping mode (RM) and pulse mode (PM). The pH and methacrylic acid release evaluation were performed at the following time points: after 2 h and after 3, 7, 21 and 42 days from the specimen preparation. Regardless of light-curing mode, all used materials were characterized by a gradual elevation in methacrylic acid concentration. Only for Filtek Bulk Fill, increased methacrylic acid release was closely associated with lower pH. The choice of the polymerization mode has no significant influence on the methacrylic acid release. However, further research about composite light-curing is necessary to create the procedure algorithm, reducing the local and systemic complications associated with composite fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Przybylak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Woś
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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Janošević P, Stojanović S, Stojanović I, Janošević M, Najman S. Comparative In Vitro Biocompatibility Study of the Two Orthodontic Bonding Materials of Different Types. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224998. [PMID: 36433124 PMCID: PMC9698495 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the in vitro biocompatibility and cell response to two commonly used orthodontic bonding materials of different types, one self-curing and one light-curing, were examined and compared in indirect and direct cell culture systems. The study was conducted on fibroblasts and macrophages as in vitro models to study the biocompatibility of dental materials. Differences were found between the light- and self-curing material in cytotoxicity and effects on fibroblasts' proliferation in indirect cell culture systems as well as in macrophages response in vitro in both direct and indirect cell culture systems. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the self-curing material is generally more cytotoxic for fibroblasts compared to the light-curing, while macrophages' response to these materials was dependent on the macrophages' state and differed between the examined materials. This indicates that more attention should be paid when choosing and applying these materials in practice due to their toxicity to cells. Prior to their use, all aspects should be considered regarding the patient's conditions, associated problems, microenvironment in the oral cavity, etc. Further studies on in vivo models should be conducted to fully understand the potential long-term effects of the use of mentioned materials in orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Janošević
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Janošević
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Stevo Najman
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Kojic DD, El-Mowafy O, Price R, El-Badrawy W. The Ability of Dental Practitioners to Light-Cure Simulated Restorations. Oper Dent 2021; 46:160-172. [PMID: 34111286 DOI: 10.2341/19-147-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using a patient simulator, dental professionals were tested to determine their ability to light-polymerize simulated restorations in their dental practice. After receiving specific instructions and training using the simulator, their ability to deliver sufficient light to polymerize restorations was significantly and substantially improved. SUMMARY Objectives: To determine the ability of dental professionals to deliver a radiant exposure of at least six J/cm2 in 10 seconds to simulated restorations.Methods and Materials: The study initially examined 113 light-emitting-diode (LED) light polymerization units (LPUs) used in dental offices to determine if they could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 radiant exposure (RE) in 10s. This assessment was completed by using a laboratory-grade light measuring device (checkMARC, BlueLight Analytics, Halifax, NS, Canada). The participating dental professionals whose LPUs could deliver 6 J/cm2 then used their own LPU to light-cure simulated anterior and posterior restorations in the MARC Patient Simulator (BlueLight Analytics). They then received specific instructions and were retested using the same LPUs. Data were statistically analyzed with a series of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, paired-samples t-tests, Fisher post hoc multiple comparison tests, and McNemar tests with a preset alpha of 0.05 (SPSS Inc).Results: Ten (8.8%) LPUs could not deliver the required RE to the checkMARC in 10s and were eliminated from the study. For the anterior restoration, most dental practitioners (87.3%) could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 before instructions. After receiving additional light-curing instructions, only two (1.9%) participants were unable to deliver 6 J/cm2 to the anterior location. At the posterior location, only 55.3% (57) participants could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 before the instructions. After receiving these instructions, an additional 32 participants delivered at least 6 J/cm2. Overall, after receiving instructions on how to use the LPU correctly, the participants improved the amount of RE they delivered to anterior and posterior restorations by 22.5% and 30%, respectively.Conclusion: This study revealed that at the baseline, 44.7% of participating dental professionals failed to deliver 6 J/cm2 in 10s to the posterior simulated restoration when using their own LPU.
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Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Miron RJ, Lussi A, Gruber R, Ilie N, Price RB, Schmalz G. Effect of the degree of conversion of resin-based composites on cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and gene expression. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1173-1193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Pflaum T, Kranz S, Montag R, Güntsch A, Völpel A, Mills R, Jandt K, Sigusch B. Clinical long-term success of contemporary nano-filled resin composites in class I and II restorations cured by LED or halogen light. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1651-1662. [PMID: 29080928 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of LED light-curing units (LED LCUs) for polymerising resin-based composite restorations has become widespread throughout dentistry. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of clinical longitudinal studies that evaluate the comparative efficacy of LED-based polymerisation in direct posterior composite restorations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of class I and II resin composite restorations for two successful composite restorative materials cured with LED versus halogen LCUs. METHODS One hundred restorations were placed using the nano-filled composites Grandio® or Filtek™ Supremé. The following test groups were established: LED-Grandio® n = 23 (LG), LED-Filtek™ Supremé n = 21 (LS). As controls were used: Halogen-Grandio® n = 28 (HG), Halogen-Filtek™ Supremé n = 28 (HS). All restorations were evaluated according to the clinical criteria of the CPM index (C-criteria) at baseline and after 6, 12 and 36 months. RESULTS After 12 and 36 months, there were no significant differences between restorations polymerised with LED or halogen light. At the end of the study, 97% of the restorations showed sufficient results regardless of the employed LCU or composite. Globally, after 36 months, 56% of all restorations were assessed with code 0 (excellent) and 41% with code 1 (acceptable). In detail, excellent results (code 0) among the criteria surface quality; marginal integrity and marginal discoloration were assigned in 72, 70 and 69%. CONCLUSIONS For the current limitations in the clinical trial design, the results showed that LED-polymerisation is appropriate to ensure clinical success of direct posterior resin composite restorations in a range of 3 years. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The choice of LCU has no significant influence on the clinical performance of posterior direct resin composite restorations within 3 years of wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Pflaum
- Policlinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kranz
- Policlinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Regina Montag
- Policlinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Güntsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Andrea Völpel
- Policlinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Robin Mills
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Klaus Jandt
- Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Sigusch
- Policlinic of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Kwon JS, Lee SB, Kim KM. Cytotoxicity of Light-Cured Dental Materials according to Different Sample Preparation Methods. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10030288. [PMID: 28772647 PMCID: PMC5503327 DOI: 10.3390/ma10030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental light-cured resins can undergo different degrees of polymerization when applied in vivo. When polymerization is incomplete, toxic monomers may be released into the oral cavity. The present study assessed the cytotoxicity of different materials, using sample preparation methods that mirror clinical conditions. Composite and bonding resins were used and divided into four groups according to sample preparation method: uncured; directly cured samples, which were cured after being placed on solidified agar; post-cured samples were polymerized before being placed on agar; and “removed unreacted layer” samples had their oxygen-inhibition layer removed after polymerization. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an agar diffusion test, MTT assay, and confocal microscopy. Uncured samples were the most cytotoxic, while removed unreacted layer samples were the least cytotoxic (p < 0.05). In the MTT assay, cell viability increased significantly in every group as the concentration of the extracts decreased (p < 0.05). Extracts from post-cured and removed unreacted layer samples of bonding resin were less toxic than post-cured and removed unreacted layer samples of composite resin. Removal of the oxygen-inhibition layer resulted in the lowest cytotoxicity. Clinicians should remove unreacted monomers on the resin surface immediately after restoring teeth with light-curing resin to improve the restoration biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Mi-Joo Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang-Bae Lee
- Dental Device Testing and Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Martim GC, Pfeifer CS, Girotto EM. Novel urethane-based polymer for dental applications with decreased monomer leaching. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 72:192-201. [PMID: 28024577 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize new multifunctional-urethane-methacrylate monomers to be used as the organic matrix in restorative dental composites, and evaluate the main physical-chemical properties of the resulting material. Bis-GMA (bisphenol-A-diglycidylmethacrylate) and GDMA (glycerol dimethacrylate) were modified by reacting the hydroxyl groups with isocyanate groups of urethane-methacrylate precursors to result in the new monomeric systems U-(bis-GMA)-Mod and U-(GDMA)-Mod, U=Urethane and Mod=Modified. The modifications were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR. The final monomeric synthesized system was used to prepare dental resins and composites. The physical-chemical properties were evaluated and compared with those of bis-GMA composites with varying filler contents or unfilled resins. U-(bis-GMA)-Mod and U-(GDMA)-Mod can be used to prepare dental restorative composites, with some foreseeable advantages compared with bis-GMA composites. One significant advantage is that these composites have the potential to be less toxic, once they presented a reduction of 50% in leaching of unreacted monomers extracted by solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedalias C Martim
- Materials Chemistry and Sensors Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health and Science University, 611 SW Campus Dr, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Emerson M Girotto
- Materials Chemistry and Sensors Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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11
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Study of energy transfer by different light curing units into a class III restoration as a function of tilt angle and distance, using a MARC Patient Simulator (PS). Dent Mater 2016; 32:676-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Correlation of elution and sensitivity of cell lines to dental composites. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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TRUMPAITE-VANAGIENE R, BUKELSKIENE V, ALEKSEJUNIENE J, PURIENE A, BALTRIUKIENE D, RUTKUNAS V. Cytotoxicity of commonly used luting cements —An in vitro study. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:294-301. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jolanta ALEKSEJUNIENE
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia
| | - Alina PURIENE
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University
| | - Daiva BALTRIUKIENE
- Department of Biological models, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University
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Attik GN, Gritsch K, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Confocal time lapse imaging as an efficient method for the cytocompatibility evaluation of dental composites. J Vis Exp 2014:e51949. [PMID: 25406737 PMCID: PMC4353434 DOI: 10.3791/51949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that in vitro cell material interaction is a useful criterion in the evaluation of dental material biocompatibility. The objective of this study was to use 3D CLSM time lapse confocal imaging to assess the in vitro biocompatibility of dental composites. This method provides an accurate and sensitive indication of viable cell rate in contact with dental composite extracts. The ELS extra low shrinkage, a dental composite used for direct restoration, has been taken as example. In vitro assessment was performed on cultured primary human gingival fibroblast cells using Live/Dead staining. Images were obtained with the FV10i confocal biological inverted system and analyzed with the FV10-ASW 3.1 Software. Image analysis showed a very slight cytotoxicity in the presence of the tested composite after 5 hours of time lapse. A slight decrease of cell viability was shown in contact with the tested composite extracts compared to control cells. The findings highlighted the use of 3D CLSM time lapse imaging as a sensitive method to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the biocompatibility behavior of dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1;
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Lyon1; Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon
| | - Pierre Colon
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Diderot; Service d'Odontologie, APHP, Hôpital Rothschild
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1; UFR d'Odontologie, Université Lyon1; Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon
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Frese C, Wolff D, Zingler S, Krueger T, Stucke K, Lux CJ, Staehle HJ, Erber R. Cytotoxicity of coated and uncoated fibre-reinforced composites. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:321-30. [PMID: 24446711 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.826381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, there are many fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) available which differ in the type and volume fraction of fibres, pre-treatment of fibres and matrix composition. The aims of this in vitro investigation were to determine whether there is a difference in biocompatibility of FRCs and if coating FRCs with resin composites influences their cytotoxic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five different FRC materials were tested which were either uncoated or coated with flowable or viscous resin composite. Artificial saliva extracts were prepared according to USP-XXIII and ISO-10993 to determine cytotoxicity by testing cell viability and growth of primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) using MTT assay, LIVE/DEAD(®) assay and cell proliferation assay. The influence of eluates on fibres of the cytoskeleton was investigated by vimentin, tubulin and actinin immunostainings. A two-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post-hoc test, which included the factors FRC material and coating procedure, was performed to assess cytotoxicity. RESULTS All extracts of FRC materials displayed minor cytotoxic potential on HGF cell viability, cell proliferation and integrity of the cytoskeleton. The type of FRC material significantly influenced cell viability (MTT assay) (p < 0.0001), whereas neither the presence of a coating nor the type of coating material resulted in altered cell viability. Distribution and organization of cytosolic fibres was not affected after HGF exposure to eluates. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of knowledge about the leaching behaviour of commonly available fully pre-impregnated FRCs and their interactions with coating materials. The coating of FRCs with resin composite materials did not impact biocompatibility.
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Residual HEMA and TEGDMA release and cytotoxicity evaluation of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and compomers cured with different light sources. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:218295. [PMID: 24592149 PMCID: PMC3926398 DOI: 10.1155/2014/218295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was first to evaluate the elution of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomers from resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and compomers cured with halogen and light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units (LCUs). The effect of cured materials on the viability of L929 fibroblast cells was also evaluated. One RMGIC (Ketac N100) and two compomers (Dyract Extra and Twinkystar) were tested. Materials were prepared in teflon disks and light-cured with LED or halogen LCUs. The residual monomers of resin materials in solution were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The fibroblast cells' viability was analyzed using MTT assay. The type of LCU did not have a significant effect on the elution of HEMA and TEGDMA. A greater amount of HEMA than TEGMDA was eluted. The amount of TEGDMA eluted from Twinkystar was greater than Dyract Extra (P < 0.05) when cured with a halogen LCU. All material-LCU combinations decreased the fibroblast cells' viability more than the control group (P < 0.01), except for Dyract Extra cured with a halogen LCU (P > 0.05). Curing with the LED LCU decreased the cells' viability more than curing with the halogen LCU for compomers. For Ketac N100, the halogen LCU decreased the cells' viability more than the LED LCU.
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The effectiveness of using a patient simulator to teach light-curing skills. J Am Dent Assoc 2014; 145:32-43. [DOI: 10.14219/jada.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
This review article will help clinicians understand the important role of the light curing unit (LCU) in their offices. The importance of irradiance uniformity, spectral emission, monitoring the LCU, infection control methods, recommended light exposure times, and learning the correct light curing technique are reviewed. Additionally, the consequences of delivering too little or too much light energy, the concern over leachates from undercured resins, and the ocular hazards are discussed. Practical recommendations are provided to help clinicians improve their use of the LCU so that their patients can receive safe and potentially longer lasting resin restorations.
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Attik GN, Pradelle-Plasse N, Campos D, Colon P, Grosgogeat B. Toxicity evaluation of two dental composites: three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy time-lapse imaging of cell behavior. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:596-607. [PMID: 23635466 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of two dental composites (namely A and B) with similar chemical composition used for direct restoration using three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) time-lapse imaging. Time-lapse imaging was performed on cultured human HGF-1 fibroblast-like cells after staining using Live/Dead®. Image analysis showed a higher mortality rate in the presence of composite A than composite B. The viability rate decreased in a time-dependent manner during the 5 h of exposure. Morphological alterations were associated with toxic effects; cells were enlarged and more rounded in the presence of composite A as shown by F-actin and cell nuclei staining. Resazurin assay was used to confirm the active potential of composites in cell metabolism; results showed severe cytotoxic effects in the presence of both no light-curing composites after 24 h of direct contact. However, extracts of polymerized composites induced a moderate decrease in cell metabolism after the same incubation period. Composite B was significantly better tolerated than composite A at all investigated end points and all time points. The finding confirmed that the used CLSM method was sufficiently sensitive to differentiate the biocompatibility behavior of two composites based on similar methacrylate monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.
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Undisz A, Geuther E, Völpel A, Watts DC, Rettenmayr M, Sigusch BW. Substrate-free multi-cellular aggregates of human gingival fibroblasts-fabrication, biomechanics and significance for tissue regeneration. Dent Mater 2013; 29:332-8. [PMID: 23287407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We fabricate multi-cellular aggregates of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) using a novel in vivo method that omits supportive flexible substrates. On the basis of the multi-cellular aggregates, constructive and destructive effects of mechanical stimulation are investigated. METHODS hGFs were seeded onto aligned glass slides (one fixed, one mobile) with an initial gap <30 μm between their connecting edges. After the cells adhere, one of the glass slides is displaced using high precision threads and a piezoelectric element, widening the gap gradually. RESULTS After several days of gradually widening the gap, multiple multi-cellular hGF aggregates formed, bridging the gap between the glass slides. The effects of discrete displacement events on previously established multi-cellular aggregates ranged from considerable growth and consolidation to collapse and disintegration. A quantitative criterion for assessing the probability for collapse/disintegration of hGF multi-cellular aggregates based on evaluating the meniscus curvature at the free edges before and after displacement is presented and discussed. The curvature is suggested as a representative parameter to characterize the mechanical condition of multi-cellular aggregates, as it is affected by adhesion of cells to the glass slides, cohesion inside the multi-cellular aggregate and the external mechanical load generated by the displacement of the glass slides. SIGNIFICANCE The presented results clarify the potential and limitations of using mechanical stimulation for initiating and controlling regeneration of (gingival) tissue. Further potential applications include usage as biological substrate for co-culturing hierarchical tissue with multiple cell types (e.g. for vessels) and bio-membranes for filters (e.g. in microfluidics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Undisz
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Loebdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Ruediger T, Berg A, Guellmar A, Rode C, Schnabelrauch M, Urbanek A, Wagner K, Wyrwa R, Kinne RW, Sigusch BW. Cytocompatibility of polymer-based periodontal bone substitutes in gingival fibroblast and MC3T3 osteoblast cell cultures. Dent Mater 2012; 28:e239-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Reaction of rat subcutaneous connective tissue to resin composites polymerized with different light curing units and different lightening methods. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:156352. [PMID: 22761617 PMCID: PMC3384911 DOI: 10.1155/2012/156352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine and compare the reaction of rat subcutaneous connective tissue to resin composites polymerized with different lights curing and lightening methods. In this in vivo study, 20 mature Wister Albino rats were used. The composite discs, 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were cured by QTH or LED light curing units with 4 different lightning methods (full power QTH, full power LED, pulse LED, and ramp LED). Five resin composite discs were implanted in each rat, so that 4 of 5 discs for implantation of cured composite discs differently and central one as control without implantation. After sacrificing at 7, 14, 30, and 60 days the inflammatory grade, fibrosis, and necrosis were determined. Freedman and Cochran tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS software ver. 15. The results of the study showed significant differences in inflammation grade and fibrosis among control group and 4 experimental groups at day 14 (P < 0.05). In necrosis, there was no significant difference among 4 groups in different times (P > 0.05). In conclusion, neither the type of light curing units (LED or QTH) nor the lightening methods can affect the grade of inflammatory reaction.
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Creep deformation of restorative resin-composites intended for bulk-fill placement. Dent Mater 2012; 28:928-35. [PMID: 22656273 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the creep deformation of several "bulk-fill" resin-composite formulations in comparison with some other types. METHODS Six resin-composites; four bulk-fill and two conventional were investigated. Stainless steel split molds (4 mm × 6 mm) were used to prepare cylindrical specimens for creep testing. Specimens were thoroughly irradiated with 650 mW cm(-2). A total of 10 specimens for each material were divided into two groups (n = 5) according to the storage condition; Group A stored dry at 37 °C for 24h and Group B stored in distilled water at 37 °C in an incubator for 24h. Each specimen was loaded (20 MPa) for 2h and unloaded for 2h. The strain deformation was recorded continuously for 4h. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of a = 0.05. RESULTS The maximum creep strain % ranged from 0.72% up to 1.55% for Group A and the range for Group B increased from 0.79% up to 1.80% due to water sorption. Also, the permanent set ranged from 0.14% up to 0.47% for Group A and from 0.20% up to 0.59% for Group B. Dependent on the material and storage condition, the percentage of creep strain recovery ranged between 64% and 81%. Increased filler loading in the bulk-fill materials decreased the creep strain magnitude. SIGNIFICANCE Creep deformation of all studied resin-composites increased with wet storage. The "bulk-fill" composites exhibited an acceptable creep deformation and within the range exhibited by other resin-composites.
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Guentsch A, Seidler K, Nietzsche S, Hefti AF, Preshaw PM, Watts DC, Jandt KD, Sigusch BW. Biomimetic mineralization: Long-term observations in patients with dentin sensitivity. Dent Mater 2012; 28:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Resin-composite cytotoxicity varies with shade and irradiance. Dent Mater 2012; 28:312-9. [PMID: 22240279 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity of different composites as a function of composite shade and the light curing unit (LCU) employed. METHODS Non-polymerized and polymerized samples of the composites Grandio(®) (VOCO, Cuxhaven), Solitaire(®) (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau) and Filtek Z 250(®) (3M/Espe, Seefeld) in two markedly differing shades (A2, C2) were prepared. Polymerization was performed with two LCUs: Heliolux II (Ivoclar/Vivadent, Ellwangen) and Swiss Master Light (EMS, Nyon, Switzerland). To obtain composite extracts, the samples were immersed in cell culture medium (DMEM--Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), which was replaced daily up to the 7th day of the experiment, and then on the 14th, 21st and 28th day. After incubation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) with the extracts obtained, cytotoxicity was determined using the MTT test. RESULTS With the non-polymerized samples, essentially no influence of the composite shades investigated on HGF viability was detected, with the exception of the Solitaire material, where a higher cytotoxicity of the shade C2 in the non-polymerized state was found at the end of the observation period. After polymerization of the different composites, the cytotoxic reaction observed for the extracts of shade C2 was stronger than that observed for A2. After polymerization with the Heliolux II (HLX) LCU, the extracts of composites Grandio and Solitaire C2 were significantly more toxic than those of the A2 shade (p<0.01). Polymerization with the Swiss Master Light (SML) reduces this cytotoxic effect. The extracts of the Grandio composite showed the least cytotoxic effect throughout the observation period, irrespective of the LCU used. For the extracts of the Z250 specimens, the cytotoxicity observed was generally higher. SIGNIFICANCE The results show that the shade of the composite has an influence on its cytotoxicity and that this cytotoxicity is also influenced by the light curing unit used. It was observed that composites of the darker shade (C2) had a higher cytotoxicity, which varied with the LCU employed.
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Reise M, Wyrwa R, Müller U, Zylinski M, Völpel A, Schnabelrauch M, Berg A, Jandt KD, Watts DC, Sigusch BW. Release of metronidazole from electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-D/L-lactide) fibers for local periodontitis treatment. Dent Mater 2012; 28:179-88. [PMID: 22226009 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to achieve detailed biomaterials characterization of a drug delivery system for local periodontitis treatment based on electrospun metronidazole-loaded resorbable polylactide (PLA) fibers. METHODS PLA fibers loaded with 0.1-40% (w/w) MNA were electrospun and were characterized by SEM and DSC. HPLC techniques were used to analyze the release profiles of metronidazole (MNA) from these fibers. The antibacterial efficacy was determined by measuring inhibition zones of drug-containing aliquots from the same electrospun fiber mats in an agar diffusion test. Three pathogenic periodontal bacterial strains: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were studied. Cytotoxicity testing was performed with human gingival fibroblasts by: (i) counting viable cells via live/dead staining methods and (ii) by exposing cells directly onto the surface of MNA-loaded fibers. RESULTS MNA concentration influenced fiber diameters and thus w/w surface areas: diameter being minimal and area maximal at 20% MNA. HPLC showed that these 20% MNA fibers had the fastest initial MNA release. From the third day, MNA release was slower and nearly linear with time. All fiber mats released 32-48% of their total drug content within the first 7 days. Aliquots of media taken from the fiber mats inhibited the growth of all three bacterial strains. MNA released up to the 28th day from fiber mats containing 40% MNA significantly decreased the viability of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis and up to the 2nd day also for the resistant A. actinomycetemcomitans. All of the investigated fibers and aliquots showed excellent cytocompatibility. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that MNA-loaded electrospun fiber mats represent an interesting class of resorbable drug delivery systems. Sustained drug release properties and cytocompatibility suggest their potential clinical applicability for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany.
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Christensen T, Morisbak E, Tønnesen HH, Bruzell EM. In vitro photosensitization initiated by camphorquinone and phenyl propanedione in dental polymeric materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 100:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ahrari F, Tavakkol Afshari J, Poosti M, Brook A. Cytotoxicity of orthodontic bonding adhesive resins on human oral fibroblasts. Eur J Orthod 2010; 32:688-92. [PMID: 20570954 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is little information concerning the cytotoxic effects of no-mix and flowable adhesives used in orthodontics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a no-mix (Unite), a light-cured (Tranbond XT), and a flowable (Denfil Flow) adhesives on human oral fibroblasts. Twelve discs of each adhesive were prepared and aged for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the difference between the groups was tested by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). After 1 day of storage, the no-mix adhesive showed moderate cytotoxic effects (P < 0.05), while the light-cured and flowable adhesives were essentially non-cytotoxic. Ageing considerably reduced the cytotoxicity of the no-mix adhesive. On days 5 and 7 of the experiment, the cell viability of three adhesives did not differ significantly (P > 0.05), but cell viability was slightly reduced on day 7. Moderate cytotoxic effects of no-mix adhesive on the first day of the experiment suggest that care should be taken to protect dentists and patients when these adhesives are being handled. Despite higher resin components, the flowable adhesive showed excellent biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Monteiro GQM, Souza FB, Pedrosa RF, Sales GCF, Castro CMMB, Fraga SN, Galvão BHA, Braz R. In vitro biological response to a self-adhesive resin cement under different curing strategies. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 92:317-21. [PMID: 19927333 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Self-adhesive resin cements represents a new approach in indirect restorative dentistry, although little is known about its biological properties. The influence of the curing strategy on the biological response of a self-adhesive resin cement (Rely-X Unicem/3M ESPE) was evaluated through methyltetrazolium (MTT) and nitric oxide (NOx) assays. Cylindrical specimens (n = 48) were prepared and cured according to the following strategies: photoactivation with halogen light-curing unit (LCU) Demetron/Kerr, LED LCU Radii/SDI, and chemical activation. A control group with culture medium and a group with lipopolysaccharide, employed for cells stimulation, were used for comparisons (n = 8). After 24 h of direct contact between specimens and rat alveolar macrophages, the biological response was evaluated. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p = 0.05). The MTT test showed that the specimens cured by halogen light and chemical activation provided higher alterations on cell metabolism. For LED-cured specimens, cell viability was compatible to the results observed in the control group. For the NOx assay, all curing methods were cytotoxic to rat macrophages. Rely-X Unicem demonstrated different cytotoxic effects according to the curing strategy employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Q M Monteiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of the University of Pernambuco-FOP/UPE, Camaragibe-PE, Brazil.
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Eichelsbacher F, Denner W, Klaiber B, Schlagenhauf U. Periodontal status of teeth with crown-root fractures: results two years after adhesive fragment reattachment. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:905-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bakopoulou A, Papadopoulos T, Garefis P. Molecular toxicology of substances released from resin-based dental restorative materials. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:3861-3899. [PMID: 19865523 PMCID: PMC2769064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10093861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin-based dental restorative materials are extensively used today in dentistry. However, significant concerns still remain regarding their biocompatibility. For this reason, significant scientific effort has been focused on the determination of the molecular toxicology of substances released by these biomaterials, using several tools for risk assessment, including exposure assessment, hazard identification and dose-response analysis. These studies have shown that substances released by these materials can cause significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, leading to irreversible disturbance of basic cellular functions. The aim of this article is to review current knowledge related to dental composites' molecular toxicology and to give implications for possible improvements concerning their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Fixed & Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece; E-Mails: (B.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Triantafillos Papadopoulos
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Pavlos Garefis
- Department of Fixed & Implant Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece; E-Mails: (B.A.); (G.P.)
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Petersilka G. Periodontal healing of a horizontal root fracture: a case report with a two-year follow-up. Oper Dent 2009; 34:109-13. [PMID: 19192845 DOI: 10.2341/08-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For traumatized teeth exhibiting crown-root fractures, there is a growing body of evidence that re-fastening the coronal part may result in successful treatment. However, data on the long-term impact of these bonding procedures on the periodontium are scarce. A case report of a young female patient presenting with an isogingivally- and horizontally-fractured lower incisor with a two-year follow-up is presented. METHODS The tooth fragment was reattached to the remaining root using an adhesive technique after flap elevation and endodontic therapy. No attempt was made to splint the coronal fragment to the neighboring teeth. RESULTS Despite the subgingival location of the bonding surface, uneventful periodontal healing was clinically monitored during the observation period. The coronal fragment was retained successfully for a period of more than two years. CONCLUSIONS Even for tooth fractures below the gingival margin, the combined approach of surgery and adhesive techniques can be used successfully to restore a severely traumatized tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Petersilka
- Department of Periodontology, Westphalian Wilhelm University Muenster, Würzburg, Germany.
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KANIE T, TOMITA K, TOKUDA M, ARIKAWA H, FUJII K, BAN S. Mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of experimental soft lining materials based on urethane acrylate oligomers. Dent Mater J 2009; 28:501-6. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.28.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Palin WM, Senyilmaz DP, Marquis PM, Shortall AC. Cure width potential for MOD resin composite molar restorations. Dent Mater 2008; 24:1083-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chien CC, Liu KT, Duh JG, Chang KW, Chung KH. Effect of nitride film coatings on cell compatibility. Dent Mater 2008; 24:986-93. [PMID: 18177932 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cytotoxicity of nickel-based alloy surfaces after nitride film coatings. METHODS A total of 120 disc-shaped specimens (1.5 x 12.0mm) were prepared from nickel (Ni) alloy ingots and metallurgically ground with silicon carbide (SiC) sandpaper to 1200 grit and used as the ground group. Ninety specimens from the ground group were selected and further polished with 1.0 microm aluminum powder slurry and assigned as the polished group. Titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium-aluminum nitride (TiAlN) film coatings were deposited onto 30 polished specimens each by a reactive radio frequency magnetron sputter deposition system and used as coated groups, respectively. The morphological changes and cytoskeleton of tested human gingival fibroblasts were observed using fluorescence microscopy at 3h and 24h time periods, respectively. An MTT assay was used to assess cell viability at 24h. The results were statistically analyzed (n=5, ANOVA, Scheffe', p<0.05). RESULTS After 3h of incubation, cells began to spread on the test surfaces. Spindle-shaped fibroblasts with well-developed cytoskeleton and distinct actin fibers were observed at the 24h incubation point on the polished and coated specimens. Results of the MTT assay revealed that the TiN and TiAlN film coated groups were significantly higher in cell proliferation and viability than the polished and control groups (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The biocompatibility of Ni-based alloy was increased significantly after nitride film coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chien
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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