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Alharbi G, Al Nahedh HNA, Al-Saud LM, Shono N, Maawadh A. Flexural strength and degree of conversion of universal single shade resin-based composites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32557. [PMID: 38961985 PMCID: PMC11219500 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Recently, a group of universal single-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) has been developed to simplify the process of shade selection. Excellent mechanical and physical properties are crucial for the ultimate success and clinical longevity of restorations. Therefore, evaluating the properties of the single-shaded RBCs is imperative. This study aimed to determine the flexural strength (FS) and degree of conversion (DC) of universal single-shade RBCs. Materials and methods In this study, four commercial RBCs were used; three universal single-shade RBCs; Omnichroma (OC), Charisma® Diamond ONE (CD), and Vittra APS Unique (VU), and a conventional nanohybrid composite Filtek™ Z250 XT (FT) which was used as a control. Sixty composite beams and 40 composite discs were used for FS and DC, respectively. A universal test machine with a three-point bending test was used to measure the FS, whereas the DC was measured using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Three fractured specimens from each resin composite group were qualitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Results ANOVA was used to compare the mean values of FS and DC among the four RBCs (OC, CD, VU, and FT). Highly significant differences were observed in the mean FS and DC values (F = 673.043, p < 0.001 and F (=782.4, p < 0.0001), respectively. The highest FS was observed in the CD group, followed by FT and VU groups; the lowest value was observed in the OC group. In addition, a statistically significant difference was identified in DC values. The highest DC value was observed in VU, followed by OC and CD, and the lowest DC value was observed in FT. Conclusion Universal single-shade RBCs demonstrated a good FS, except for OC, which exhibited a significantly low FS. The DC of the universal single-shade RBCs was higher than that of the conventional nanohybrid composite restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alharbi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University. PO Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend NA Al Nahedh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loulwa M. Al-Saud
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Shono
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University. P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Ren Z, Chen H, Wang R, Zhu M. Comparative Assessments of Dental Resin Composites: A Focus on Dense Microhybrid Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3718-3726. [PMID: 38716490 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The performance of dental resin composites is crucially influenced by the sizes and distributions of inorganic fillers. Despite the investigation of a variety of functional particles, glass fillers and nanoscale silica are still the predominant types in dental materials. However, achieving an overall improvement in the performance of resin composites through the optimization of their formulations remains a challenge. This work introduced a "dense" microhybrid filler system with 85 wt % filler loading, leading to the preparation of self-developed resin composites (SRCs). Comparative evaluations of these five SRCs against four commercial products were performed, including mechanical property, polymerization conversion, and shrinkage, along with water sorption and solubility and wear resistance. The results showed that among all SRC groups, SRC3 demonstrated superior mechanical performance, high polymerization conversion, reduced shrinkage, low water absorption and solubility, and acceptable wear resistance. In contrast to commercial products, this optimal SRC3 material was comparable to Z350 XT in flexural and diametral tensile strength and better in flexural modulus and surface hardness. The use of a "dense" microhybrid filler system in the development of resin composites provides a balance between physicochemical property and wear resistance, which may be a promising strategy for the development of composite products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Albeshir EG, Alsahafi R, Albluwi R, Balhaddad AA, Mitwalli H, Oates TW, Hack GD, Sun J, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Low-Shrinkage Resin Matrices in Restorative Dentistry-Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:2951. [PMID: 35454643 PMCID: PMC9029384 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dimethacrylate-based resin composites restorations have become widely-used intraoral materials in daily dental practice. The increasing use of composites has greatly enhanced modern preventive and conservative dentistry. They have many superior features, especially esthetic properties, bondability, and elimination of mercury and galvanic currents. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to polymerization shrinkage and stresses that lead to microleakage, biofilm formation, secondary caries, and restoration loss. Several techniques have been investigated to minimize the side effects of these shrinkage stresses. The primary approach is through fabrications and modification of the resin matrices. Therefore, this review article focuses on the methods for testing the shrinkage, as well as formulations of resinous matrices available to reduce polymerization shrinkage and its associated stress. Furthermore, this article reviews recent cutting-edge developments on bioactive low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposites to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of cariogenic pathogens and enhance the remineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal G. Albeshir
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.G.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alsahafi
- Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (E.G.A.); (R.A.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Albluwi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministiry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba Mitwalli
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Gary D. Hack
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Jirun Sun
- The Forsyth Institute, A Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (T.W.O.); (G.D.H.)
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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The Influence of Low-Molecular-Weight Monomers (TEGDMA, HDDMA, HEMA) on the Properties of Selected Matrices and Composites Based on Bis-GMA and UDMA. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072649. [PMID: 35407980 PMCID: PMC9000443 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) are usually combined with low-viscosity monomers to obtain more desirable viscosity, handling characteristics and general properties. The present study determined the flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), diametral tensile strength (DTS), and hardness (HV) of five matrices and composites based on these resins. The polymerization shrinkage stress (PSS) was also studied for the composites. The polymer matrices were formed using bis-GMA and UDMA. TEGDMA, HEMA and HDDMA acted as co-monomers. The composites had 45 wt.% of filler content. The highest FS and FM were obtained from the UDMA/bis-GMA/TEGDMA/HEMA matrix and the composite (matrix + filler). The best DTS values were obtained from the UDMA/bis-GMA/HEMA matrix and the composite. One of the lowest values of FS, FM, and DTS was obtained from the UDMA/bis-GMA/HDDMA matrix and the composite. All the composites demonstrated similar hardness values. The lowest polymerization shrinkage stress was observed for the UDMA/bis-GMA/TEGDMA/HEMA composite, and the highest PSS was observed for the UDMA/bis-GMA/TEGDMA/HDDMA composite. The addition of HEMA had a positive effect on the properties of the tested materials, which may be related to the improved mobility of the bis-GMA and UDMA monomers.
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Graf N, Ilie N. Long-term mechanical stability and light transmission characteristics of one shade resin-based composites. J Dent 2021; 116:103915. [PMID: 34871633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate the long-term mechanical characteristics, reliability, and light transmission of novel, one shade resin-based composites (RBC). METHODS 120 Specimens (n = 20) of three RBCs (Venus Diamond/VD, Venus Pearl/VP, Omnichroma/OC) were used in a three-point bending test, to determine flexural modulus (E) and flexural strength (σ). Testing ensued after 24 h or thermocycling (TC/10,000 cycles, 5/55 °C). Each fracture mechanism and filler system were documented, using light and scanning electron microscopy. A depth-sensing indentation test (n = 6) quantified the indentation modulus (Y), Martens/Vickers hardness (HM, HV) and creep (Cr). Incident (I0) and transmitted irradiance (IT) plus radiant exposure (RET) per RBC were measured employing a USB4000 spectrometer (n = 3) to calculate spectral absorbance. Data was tested for significant differences (α = 0.05) utilizing Student's t-tests, one- and multiple-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests along with Pearson's correlational and Weibull analysis. RESULTS Initially, σ, E and Weibull modulus m were the highest for VP. After TC σ was comparable for VP and VD, E was higher for VD and m higher for VP. Maximum Y, HM, HV and Cr were always measured for VD. Inferior parameters, except Cr, were always recorded for OC. IT, RET and absorbance differed marginally, with OC on top. CONCLUSIONS The variation in long-term mechanical stability and light transmission is significantly dependent on RBC formulation, most notably due to filler system and resin matrix. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE One shade RBCs vary substantially in their material composition and characteristics, facilitating the diversity present in RBC direct restoratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Graf
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, LMU Munich Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, LMU Munich Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Sochacki S, Karczewski A, Platt J, Roberts HW. Effect of post-irradiation polymerization on selected mechanical properties of six direct resins. Dent Mater J 2021; 41:230-240. [PMID: 34789623 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the post-irradiation mechanical property development of six resin composite-based restorative materials from the same manufacturer starting at 1 h post irradiation, followed by 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month after fabrication. Samples were stored in 0.2M phosphate buffered saline until testing. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, flexural toughness, modulus of resiliency, fracture toughness, and surface microhardness were performed at each time interval. Mean data was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post hoc testing at a 95% level of confidence (α=0.05). Results were material specific but overall, all resin composite material mechanical properties were found to be immature at 1 h after polymerization as compared to that observed at 24 h. It may be prudent that clinicians advise patients, especially those receiving complex posterior composite restorations, to guard against overly stressing these restorations during the first 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sochacki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry, Indiana University
| | - Ashley Karczewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry, Indiana University
| | - Jeffrey Platt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry, Indiana University
| | - Howard W Roberts
- Director of Graduate Studies, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry
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7
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Szalewski L, Wójcik D, Bogucki M, Szkutnik J, Różyło-Kalinowska I. The Influence of Popular Beverages on Mechanical Properties of Composite Resins. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113097. [PMID: 34198751 PMCID: PMC8201062 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Currently, composite resins are used in many restorative procedures. Previous studies showed that drinking beverages may affect the mechanical properties such as microhardness or flexural strength of dental composite resins. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of common beverages on the mechanical properties of composite resins. Samples of the materials were prepared according to the ISO 4049:2010 standard and producer’s recommendations. The samples were next conditioned in tested fluids: distilled water, sparkling water, Coca-Cola, Red Bull and orange juice for 7 days. Vickers microhardness and flexural strength testing was performed after 7 days. Performed statistic tests confirmed the significance of microhardness changes of the tested materials in terms of both different conditioning of the samples and different composite materials. The mean flexural strength of composites was highest in distilled water and it was reduced after one week in different beverages. We conclude that all tested beverages influenced on Vickers microhardness of tested composite resins. Flexural strength only in one material was statistically significantly influenced by tested beverages. The results of this study should be taken into consideration by a dentist preparing recommendations for the patients after dental treatment with usage of composite material or after cementing composite based fixed dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szalewski
- Department of Integrated Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Wójcik
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Bogucki
- Department of Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lublin, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Szkutnik
- Department of Functional Masticatory Disorders, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowska
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Sensi L, Winkler C, Geraldeli S. Accelerated Aging Effects on Color Stability of Potentially Color Adjusting Resin-based Composites. Oper Dent 2021; 46:188-196. [PMID: 34086953 DOI: 10.2341/20-099-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of accelerated aging on the overall color stability of potentially color adjusting commercial resin-based composite resins. Thirty specimens (10 mm diameter and 2.5 mm thick; n=6) were fabricated using five different materials: Estelite Omega, GC Kalore, Venus Pearl, Harmonize, and Omnichroma. Color measurements were taken for each sample using a spectrophotometer before and after submitting samples through the artificial aging process (Q-sun Xenon Test Chamber, 102 min light at 63°C black panel temperature; 18 min light and water spray per ASTM G155) for a total of 300 hours (12.5 days). The total color difference (ΔE*ab) was calculated using SpectraMagic NX software and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. The results for color change (ΔE*ab) were statistically significant. Omnichroma and Venus Pearl presented superior color stability and the lowest overall color change, whereas GC Kalore and Harmonize presented significant color change that would be considered clinically unacceptable (ΔE*ab > 3.3).
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Finite element analysis of V-shaped tooth defects filled with universal nanohybrid composite using incremental technique. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104425. [PMID: 33662740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to study the stresses and strains in fillings of V-shaped tooth defects made of universal photo-cured nanohybrid composite (UPC) using incremental technique. Numerical modeling with FEA and microleakage test are performed. Inhomogeneous distribution of the equivalent Von Mises stresses after polymerization of the two UPC layers is found, as the maximal value after polymerization of the first layer is 1.5 times lower compared to that of second one. In the first layer, maximum stresses are concentrated on dentin surface in cervical region of the obturation border and in occlusal region of the obturation volume. In the second layer, maximum stresses are generated in cervical area of the obturation volume and on dentin surface occlusally along the obturation border. The displacement after polymerization of each layer is inhomogeneous, as its values are more than 2 times smaller compared to that in fillings of glass-ionomer cement and flowable composite. In the first layer, the displacement is maximal on surface in the cervical region, while in the second layer it is maximal on surface occlusal of the obturation. The adequacy of the model used is confirmed by the microleakage test results. It is proven that UPC is better choice for filling of V-shaped defects due to the lower microleakage.
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Gomes de Araújo-Neto V, Sebold M, Fernandes de Castro E, Feitosa VP, Giannini M. Evaluation of physico-mechanical properties and filler particles characterization of conventional, bulk-fill, and bioactive resin-based composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104288. [PMID: 33383377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated physical and mechanical properties and characterized the filler particles of seven composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Filtek Supreme (FS, 3M Oral Care), Forma (FO, Ultradent), Charisma Diamond (CD, Kulzer), Spectra Smart (SS, Dentsply), Filtek Bulk Fill (FB, 3M Oral Care), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TB, Ivoclar), and Cention N (Ivoclar) in self- (CNSC) or dual-curing (CNDC) were evaluated. Fillers size, shape, and content were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX). Disk-shaped specimens (n = 5) were prepared for sorption (SP) and solubility (SL). Flexural strength and elastic modulus were tested at 24 h and 12 months (n = 10). Degree of conversion (DC%) and maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax) were evaluated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. SP and SL results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Dunn's pairwise test (α = 0.05). Mechanical properties were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). DC% of CNSC and CNDC was compared by independent t-test (α = 0.05). Rpmax results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The composites differed regarding filler size, shape, and content. CD and CNSC showed lower SP than FS. SS had lower SL than CNSC and CNDC. CNDC presented higher DC% than CNSC. CD, TB, and CNDC showed the highest Rpmax. TB, CNSC, and CNDC showed the lowest 24-h flexural strengths. Mechanical properties of CD did not decrease, while FO, TB, and CNSC showed a significant reduction after storage. CONCLUSIONS Monomer composition and fillers characteristics greatly influenced the physico-mechanical properties of the tested composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliano Gomes de Araújo-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maicon Sebold
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Fernandes de Castro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Victor Pinheiro Feitosa
- School of Dentistry, Faculty Paulo Picanço, Rua Joaquim Sá, 900, Dionísio Torres, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Ilie N, Sarosi C, Rosu MC, Moldovan M. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide-zirconia (GO-ZrO 2) and hydroxyapatite-zirconia (HA-ZrO 2) nano-fillers for resin-based composites for load-bearing applications. J Dent 2020; 105:103557. [PMID: 33309805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to synthesize two different types of nano-fillers based on zirconia (ZrO2), which was functionalized with graphene oxide (GO-ZrO2), and hydroxyapatite (HA-ZrO2), and to implement them in an experimental methacrylate matrix containing new dimethacrylic oligomers. METHODS Nano-particles were synthesized via a modified Hummer's method and a sol-gel route. Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate oligomers (Bis-GMA336[0-1]) were synthesized from an epoxy resin that reacted with methacrylic acid in the presence of a basic catalyst. Traditional dental glass-fillers (Barium oxide/BaO and Barium fluoride/BaF2) were synthesized to create an experimental resin-based composite (RBC) used as reference. Filler morphology was evaluated via Transmission Electron Microscopy. RBCs were characterised by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (degree of cure/DC, polymerisation kinetics), real-time spectrometry (light transmittance), 3-point bending test (flexural strength and modulus, Weibull parameters), and depth-sensing indentation test (plastic and elastic deformation parameters). RESULTS The synthesized nanohybrid fillers proved good dispersing performance. Mechanical properties and materials' reliability are within or above the mean values reported in the literature for RBCs. Addition of HA-ZrO2-fillers resulted in a decrease light transmission, DC and mechanical properties. Except for the HA-ZrO2 RBC, materials showed a high resistance to softening in solvent. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis of GO-ZrO2 and HA-ZrO2 nanohybrid particles and their implementation in experimental RBCs has proven successful. Adjustments of the light transmission through suitable co-fillers in addition to GO-ZrO2 as well as adjustments of the amount of HA-ZrO2 are necessary to enable reduced curing time (<20 s). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of nanofillers with tailor-made properties can help improving the performance of modern restoratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munichen, Goethestr. 70, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Codruta Sarosi
- Babes-Bolyai University, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, 30 Fantanele St., RO-400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcela-Corina Rosu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Babes-Bolyai University, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, 30 Fantanele St., RO-400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Long-Term Stability of a RAFT-Modified Bulk-Fill Resin-Composite under Clinically Relevant Versus ISO-Curing Conditions. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235350. [PMID: 33255830 PMCID: PMC7728365 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The addition of RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) agents to the matrix formulation of a bulk-fill resin composite can significantly decrease the required curing time down to a minimum of 3 s. Evaluating the long term-stability of this resin composite in relation to varied curing conditions in an in-vitro environment was this study’s goal. Specimens were produced according to either an ISO or one of two clinical curing protocols and underwent a maximum of three successive aging procedures. After each one of the aging procedures, 30 specimens for each curing condition were extracted for a three-point bending test. Fragments were then stereo-microscopically characterized according to their fracture mechanism. Weibull analysis was used to quantify the reliability of each aging and curing combination. Selected fragments (n = 12) underwent further testing via depth-sensing indentation. Mechanical values for either standardized or clinical curing were mostly comparable. However, changes in fracture mechanism and Weibull modulus were observed after each aging procedure. The final procedure exposed significant differences in the mechanical values due to curing conditions. Curing conditions with increased radiant exposure seemingly result in a higher crosslink in the polymer-matrix, thus increasing resistance to aging. Yet, the clinical curing conditions still resulted in acceptable mechanical values, proving the effectiveness of RAFT-polymerization.
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Hampe R, Lümkemann N, Sener B, Stawarczyk B. The effect of artificial aging on Martens hardness and indentation modulus of different dental CAD/CAM restorative materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:191-198. [PMID: 29986293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the Martens hardness parameters for five different classes of CAD/CAM restorative materials after storage in water and thermo-cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lithium disilicate ceramic IPS e.max CAD (EX), silicate ceramic IPS Empress CAD (EC), a polymer infiltrated interpenetrating network material (hybrid material) VITA Enamic (VE), two compact filled composites Lava Ultimate (LU), experimental material (EM), two low filled resin composites Katana Avencia (KA), Ambarino High-Class (AH) and ultra-low/unfilled acrylic polymers CAD-Temp (CT), Telio CAD (TC), breCAM.HIPC (BC) were tested. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 30, 60, 90, 120 days and afterwards thermo-cycled (30,000×, 5 °C/55 °C). Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) were longitudinally investigated after each storage time. For structural analysis, each material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). RESULTS The groups of unfilled polymers/ultra-low filled composite (CT, TC, BC) followed by low (KA, AH) and compact filled resin composites (LU, EM) showed the lowest HM and EIT values (p < 0.001). The highest values presented ceramics (EX, EC) followed by hybrid material (VE) (p < 0.001). High influence on the Martens hardness parameters was exerted by the aging duration (HM: ηP2 = 0.108, p < 0.001; EIT: ηP2 = 0.074, p < 0.001). Structural analyses of resin composites revealed big differences in shape, size and distribution of filler particles. CONCLUSIONS The tested CAD/CAM materials showed differences in Martens hardness and indentation modulus pursuant to the material class. Ceramics showed highest values, followed by the hybrid material. For resin composites the Martens hardness and indentation modulus increased with the filler content. Artificial aging affected CAD/CAM materials differently. Some materials tested are prone to aging, the Martens hardness and indentation modulus decreased after thermo-cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hampe
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU München, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Nina Lümkemann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU München, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Sener
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr. 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, LMU München, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Heintze SD, Ilie N, Hickel R, Reis A, Loguercio A, Rousson V. Laboratory mechanical parameters of composite resins and their relation to fractures and wear in clinical trials-A systematic review. Dent Mater 2016; 33:e101-e114. [PMID: 27993372 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a range of mechanical parameters of composite resins and compare the data to the frequency of fractures and wear in clinical studies. METHODS Based on a search of PubMed and SCOPUS, clinical studies on posterior composite restorations were investigated with regard to bias by two independent reviewers using Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials. The target variables were chipping and/or fracture, loss of anatomical form (wear) and a combination of both (summary clinical index). These outcomes were modelled by time and material in a linear mixed effect model including random study and experiment effects. The laboratory data from one test institute were used: flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength, and fracture toughness (all after 24-h storage in distilled water). For some materials flexural strength data after aging in water/saliva/ethanol were available. Besides calculating correlations between clinical and laboratory outcomes, we explored whether a model including a laboratory predictor dichotomized at a cut-off value better predicted a clinical outcome than a linear model. RESULTS A total of 74 clinical experiments from 45 studies were included involving 31 materials for which laboratory data were also available. A weak positive correlation between fracture toughness and clinical fractures was found (Spearman rho=0.34, p=0.11) in addition to a moderate and statistically significant correlation between flexural strength and clinical wear (Spearman rho=0.46, p=0.01). When excluding those studies with "high" risk of bias (n=18), the correlations were generally weaker with no statistically significant correlation. For aging in ethanol, a very strong correlation was found between flexural strength decrease and clinical index, but this finding was based on only 7 materials (Spearman rho=0.96, p=0.0001). Prediction was not consistently improved with cutoff values. SIGNIFICANCE Correlations between clinical and laboratory outcomes were moderately positive with few significant results, fracture toughness being correlated with clinical fractures and flexural strength with clinical wear. Whether artificial aging enhances the prognostic value needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Valentin Rousson
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
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Effects of a low-shrinkage methacrylate monomer and monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator on curing efficiency and mechanical properties of experimental resin-based composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 58:487-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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HAN JM, ZHANG H, CHOE HS, LIN H, ZHENG G, HONG G. Abrasive wear and surface roughness of contemporary dental composite resin. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:725-32. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ilie N, Kreppel I, Durner J. Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1081-1088. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ilie N, Obermaier J, Durner J. Effect of modulated irradiation time on the degree of conversion and the amount of elutable substances from nano-hybrid resin-based composites. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:97-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Durner J, Obermaier J, Draenert M, Ilie N. Correlation of the degree of conversion with the amount of elutable substances in nano-hybrid dental composites. Dent Mater 2012; 28:1146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Moszner N, Hirt T. New polymer-chemical developments in clinical dental polymer materials: Enamel-dentin adhesives and restorative composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Degree of conversion of nano-hybrid resin-based composites with novel and conventional matrix formulation. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:635-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Frauscher KE, Ilie N. Depth of cure and mechanical properties of nano-hybrid resin-based composites with novel and conventional matrix formulation. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1425-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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