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Ali TW, Gul H, Fareed MA, Tabassum S, Mir SR, Afzaal A, Muhammad N, Kaleem M. Biochemical properties of novel Carbon nanodot-stabilized silver nanoparticles enriched calcium hydroxide endodontic sealer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303808. [PMID: 38959277 PMCID: PMC11221646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium Hydroxide-based endodontic sealer loaded with antimicrobial agents have been commonly employed in conventional root canal treatment. These sealers are not effective against E. faecalis due to the persistent nature of this bacterium and its ability to evade the antibacterial action of calcium hydroxide. Therefore, endodontic sealer containing Carbon nanodots stabilized silver nanoparticles (CD-AgNPs) was proposed to combat E. faecalis. The therapeutic effect of CD-AgNPs was investigated and a new cytocompatible Calcium Hydroxide-based endodontic sealer enriched with CD-AgNPs was synthesized that exhibited a steady release of Ag+ ions and lower water solubility at 24 hours, and enhanced antibacterial potential against E. faecalis. CD-AgNPs was synthesized and characterized morphologically and compositionally by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy, followed by optimization via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination against E. faecalis by broth microdilution technique and Cytotoxicity analysis against NIH3T3 cell lines via Alamar Blue assay. Calcium hydroxide in distilled water was taken as control (C), Calcium hydroxide with to CD-AgNPs (5mg/ml and 10mg/ml) yielded novel endodontic sealers (E1 and E2). Morphological and chemical analysis of the novel sealers were done by SEM and FTIR; followed by in vitro assessment for antibacterial potential against E. faecalis via agar disc diffusion method, release of Ag+ ions for 21 days by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and water solubility by weight change for 21 days. CD-AgNPs were 15-20 nm spherical-shaped particles in uniformly distributed clusters and revealed presence of constituent elements in nano-assembly. FTIR spectra revealed absorption peaks that correspond to various functional groups. UV-Vis absorption spectra showed prominent peaks that correspond to Carbon nanodots and Silver nanoparticles. CD-AgNPs exhibited MIC value of 5mg/ml and cytocompatibility of 84.47% with NIH3T3 cell lines. Novel endodontic sealer cut-discs revealed irregular, hexagonal particles (100-120 nm) with aggregation and rough structure with the presence of constituent elements. FTIR spectra of novel endodontic sealers revealed absorption peaks that correspond to various functional groups. Novel endodontic sealers exhibited enhanced antibacterial potential where E-2 showed greatest inhibition zone against E. faecalis (6.3±2 mm), a steady but highest release of Ag+ ions was exhibited by E-1 (0.043±0.0001 mg/mL) and showed water solubility of <3% at 24 hours where E-2 showed minimal weight loss at all time intervals. Novel endodontic sealers were cytocompatible and showed enhanced antibacterial potential against E. faecalis, however, E2 outperformed in this study in all aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Waqar Ali
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hashmat Gul
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amber Fareed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Sobia Tabassum
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Rubab Mir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Afzaal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Dental Materials, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Sokolonski AR, Amorim CF, Almeida SR, Lacerda LE, Araújo DB, Meyer R, Portela RD. Comparative antimicrobial activity of four different endodontic sealers. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1717-1721. [PMID: 37166626 PMCID: PMC10484879 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental cements are widely used in the clinical routine, specifically for root canal sealing. Within this context, it is expected that these materials present antimicrobial activity, since it would help in the prevention of apical and periapical infections. The present study aimed to comparatively verify the antimicrobial activity of four dental cements against microorganisms that are routinely isolated from endodontic infections. Reference strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were submitted to the agar diffusion test and to modified direct contact test using four different sealers: an eugenol zinc oxide compound, an epoxy resin associated to calcium hydroxide and bismuth, a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a bioceramics. Different E. coli, C. albicans and E. faecalis growth inhibition profiles were observed in the agar diffusion assay. In the direct contact test, the bioceramics presented a higher microbicide activity on all microorganisms tested herein. Dental cements have different antimicrobial activities, being that the bioceramics present the most consistent antimicrobial activity, and that the direct contact test presented more uniform results than the agar diffusion test. This study reveals the antimicrobial activities of different cements and allow dentists to decide which material to employ in their daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira Amorim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Almeida
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Lacerda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo Barral Araújo
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
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Suwartini T, Santoso J, Widyarman AS, Ratnasari D. Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2022; 13:322-330. [PMID: 36687000 PMCID: PMC9855266 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_198_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complete eradication of root canal pathogens cannot be predictably achieved by chemomechanical preparation and root canal disinfection. Therefore, an obturation material that has superior antimicrobial activity and sealing ability is required to inactivate residual microbes and prevent them from reentering the root canal system. Recently developed bioceramic root canal sealers are hydraulic cement which form calcium hydroxide during the hydration process. Like calcium hydroxide sealers, they exert an antimicrobial effect by releasing hydroxyl ions and increasing the pH. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of a calcium hydroxide-based sealer and two bioceramic sealers against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans biofilms. Materials and Methods The sealers were dissolved in sterile saline to obtain supernatants. Biofilm formation assays, colony counting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each supernatant. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results All sealers exerted effects against all three microbial biofilms. The biofilm formation assays showed that the bioceramic sealers were more effective against P. gingivalis and E. faecalis biofilms. In contrast, colony counting and real-time PCR showed that the calcium hydroxide sealer was significantly more effective than the bioceramic sealers. All tests showed that the calcium hydroxide sealer was more effective against C. albicans, with the colony count and real-time PCR results showing statistically significant differences. Conclusion The calcium hydroxide-based sealer was more effective than the bioceramic sealers in eradicating pathogenic root canal biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Suwartini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Santoso
- Conservative Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dina Ratnasari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Comparison of Cytotoxicity of AH Plus and DC Canal SE Sealer After Final Setting. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jrdms.7.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Rosa M, Morozova Y, Moštěk R, Holík P, Somolová L, Novotná B, Zábojníková S, Bogdanová K, Langová K, Voborná I, Pospíšilová L, Kovařík JP. The Short-Term Antibacterial Activity of Three Selected Endodontic Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis Bacterial Culture. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020158. [PMID: 35207445 PMCID: PMC8879048 DOI: 10.3390/life12020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Microorganisms originating from the microflora of the oral cavity are the main cause of the inflammatory diseases of the dental pulp and periapical periodontium, as well as the failure of endodontic treatment. The subsequent root canal treatment is not able to remove all the pathogens, and a small number of viable bacteria remain in the dentine tubules, which must be sealed by endodontic sealers. These sealers should have at least a bacteriostatic effect to prevent the remaining bacteria from reproducing. The aim of this study is to compare the short-term antibacterial activity of three endodontic sealers based on poly-epoxy resin, zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium silicate with a calcium hydroxide-based sealer. Calcium hydroxide is used as temporary intracanal medicament and, thus, should show significant antibacterial activity. (2) Methods: A total of 25 bovine dentine samples infected with Enterococcus faecalis were used in this study. After the sealer placement and a 24 h incubation period, the root canal walls were scraped, and the suspension of dentine fillings was used for a semi-quantitative evaluation of microbial growth. (3) Results: The poly-epoxide resin-based sealer ADSeal™ showed significant antibacterial properties. (4) Conclusions: The highest antibacterial activity was shown in poly-epoxide resin-based sealer group, followed by the zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer and calcium silicate-based sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Rosa
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Yuliya Morozova
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Roman Moštěk
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Pavel Holík
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lucia Somolová
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Barbora Novotná
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Soňa Zábojníková
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Kateřina Bogdanová
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Langová
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Iva Voborná
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lenka Pospíšilová
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Josef Paul Kovařík
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
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A comprehensive in vitro comparison of the biological and physicochemical properties of bioactive root canal sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6209-6222. [PMID: 35660956 PMCID: PMC9525420 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the biological and physicochemical features of bioactive root canal sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) and human osteoblasts (hOB) were exposed to eluates of three bioactive root canal sealers, GuttaFlow® bioseal (GF), BioRoot™ RCS (BR), and TotalFill® BC Sealer (TF), and the epoxy resin-based sealer AH plus® (AH). Cytotoxicity and cellular inflammatory response were evaluated. The osteogenic potential was examined using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Film thickness, flowability, and pH were assessed. Root canal treatment was performed on human extracted teeth to evaluate the sealers' tightness towards bacterial penetration. The antibacterial activity against common pathogens in primary root canal infections was tested. RESULTS AH was severely cytotoxic to hPDLF and hOB (p < 0.001). The bioactive sealers were generally less cytotoxic. IL-6 levels in hPDLF were elevated in the presence of AH (p < 0.05). AH and GF suppressed IL-6 production in hOB (p < 0.05). AH and BR stimulated the PGE2 production in hPDLF and hOB (p < 0.05). BR was the only sealer that led to calcium deposits in hMSC (p < 0.05). TF and AH showed the lowest film thickness and the highest flowability. Bacterial tightness was best in teeth filled with AH and BR. All sealers showed similar antimicrobial activity, but the overall antimicrobial efficacy was moderate as the bacteria were reduced by just one log scale (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed favorable in vitro results regarding the biocompatibility of the bioactive root canal sealers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bioactive root canal sealers may be a useful alternative to epoxy resin-based sealers.
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Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Bioceramic Materials in Endodontics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7594. [PMID: 34947188 PMCID: PMC8706218 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbes are prevalent in the root canals of necrotic teeth, and they are the cause of primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis. Bacteria can dwell within the infected root canal system as surface-adherent biofilm structures, which exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Bioceramic materials, with their biocompatible nature and excellent physico-chemical properties, have been widely used in dental applications, including endodontics. This review focuses on the application of bioceramic technology in endodontic disinfection and the antibiofilm effects of endodontic bioceramic materials. Different bioceramic materials have shown different levels of antibiofilm effects. New supplements have emerged to potentially enhance the antibiofilm properties of bioceramics aiming to achieve the goal of microbial elimination in the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
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Saghiri MA, Dadvand S, Abdolmaleki A. The evaluation of physical properties of a polyurethane expandable endodontic sealer: a preliminary study. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:550-558. [PMID: 33988276 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic sealers play a vital role in providing 3-dimensional (3D) filling of complex root canal system (RCS). This study intended to compare the physical properties of a Polyurethane Expandable Sealer (PES), AH Plus and EndoSequence. Three properties including setting time, radiopacity and flow (rheology) were evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard. For evaluation of each of these physical properties, five samples from experimental groups: AH Plus, EndoSequence, PES (controlled expansion) and PES (high expansion) were used (n = 5). Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey tests (a = 0.05). EndoSequence showed the longest setting time (P < 0.000); AH Plus showed that highest radiopacity (P < 0.000); and PES (high expansion) showed the highest flow (diameter and surface area) (P < 0.000). EndoSequence and PES (controlled expansion) showed promising and comparable physical properties to the AH Plus sealer in terms of flow, setting time and radiopacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Director of Biomaterial and Prosthodontics Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sahar Dadvand
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, San Francisco School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wang L, Liu Y, Peng X, Sun Y, Liu X, Liu H, Lin Q, Sun H, Yang B, Li X. Preparation and Characterization of CaO/ZnO Core-shell Structured Nanoparticles. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-9029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abdel Raheem IA, Abdul Razek A, Elgendy AA, Saleh NM, Shaaban MI, Abd El-Hady FK. Design, Evaluation And Antimicrobial Activity Of Egyptian Propolis-Loaded Nanoparticles: Intrinsic Role As A Novel And Naturally Based Root Canal Nanosealer. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8379-8398. [PMID: 31695372 PMCID: PMC6814318 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s219577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is a unique natural adhesive product collected by honeybees. It contains a diversity of bioactive compounds with reported functional properties such as antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer activity. Dental caries is a worldwide problem that caused by microbial growth usually progress from tooth enamel to the underlying pulpal tissues and root canal. This situation could be controlled by a sequence of steps to remove microorganisms and fill root canal with a suitable long-lasting root canal sealer. Unfortunately, leachable and degradation products of the currently used sealers compromised their antimicrobial activity by inflammatory modulation associated with irritation and toxicity of periapical tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hence, propolis was selected to be designed as a natural root canal sealer due to its amazing functional properties. Moreover, its handling properties were enhanced and potentiated by its incorporation in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Frist, propolis was collected, extracted and analyzed for its bioactive compounds. After that, propolis-loaded NPs of PLGA (ProE-loaded NPs) were developed and fully characterized regarding physicochemical properties, in vitro release and in vitro cytotoxicity. Then, root canal sealers were fabricated and assayed for their antimicrobial activity. Both cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity were compared to those of a model sealer; AH Plus®. RESULTS The results revealed that spherical nanoscopic NPs with narrow size distribution were obtained. ProE-loaded NPs exhibited accepted entrapment efficiency (>80) and prolonged release. In vitro cytotoxicity study confirmed the safety of ProE-loaded NPs. Also, the developed sealers showed antimicrobial activity versus bacterial strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. CONCLUSION ProE-loaded NPs could be incorporated in and represented as a root canal sealer with prolonged release and enhanced cytocompatibility as well as antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amro Abdul Razek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Ibrahem Shaaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Faten K Abd El-Hady
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Šimundić Munitić M, Poklepović Peričić T, Utrobičić A, Bago I, Puljak L. Antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available endodontic bioceramic root canal sealers: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223575. [PMID: 31622387 PMCID: PMC6797114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a new generation of bioceramic root canal sealers has been introduced onto the market. Many in vitro studies have investigated the antimicrobial properties of these sealers, but their comparative efficacy in antimicrobial activity is still unknown. Methodology Three electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE and Embase via the OvidSP platform, and Web of Science, up to June 25, 2019. Studies were included irrespective of study design, type of publication and language. Reporting quality was assessed by two authors independently. Meta-analysis was not performed due to studies being highly heterogeneous. Results We included 37 studies that analysed the antimicrobial effects of bioceramic sealers. Most of them used a planktonic cell model, with the exception of nine studies which used biofilms. It was not possible to make direct comparison of results from studies and to give a clear conclusion about the comparative antimicrobial activity of these materials because the studies used heterogeneous sources and ages of microorganisms, setting and contact times of sealers, and antimicrobial tests. Furthermore, some materials showed completely different results when tested with different methods. Conclusions In conclusion, multiple in vitro studies have shown that bioceramic sealers may have various degrees of antimicrobial activity. However, it is still impossible to make conclusions about their comparative efficacy and to recommend the use of one over another in clinical practice because the studies available were conducted in different ways, which makes meta-analysis futile. A uniform methodological approach, consistent definitions and studies on humans are urgently needed in this field of research so that recommendations for practice can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Šimundić Munitić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Dental Polyclinic Split; School of Dental Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Utrobičić
- Cochrane Croatia, Central Medical Library, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bago
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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A novel antibacterial resin-based root canal sealer modified by Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10632. [PMID: 31337813 PMCID: PMC6650501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent apical periodontitis, mainly caused by microorganisms infections, represents a critical challenge for endodontists. Dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) is a well-studied and potent antibacterial agent used in various studies described in the literature. The aim of this study is to develop a novel antibacterial root canal sealer by incorporating DMADDM into EndoREZ and investigate the properties of the resulting material. Different mass fractions (0, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%) of DMADDM were incorporated into EndoREZ and the cytotoxicity, apical sealing ability and solubility of the resulting material were evaluated. Furthermore, a direct contact test, determination of colony-forming units, a crystal violet assay, scanning electronic microscopy and live/dead bacteria staining were performed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the sealer to multispecies bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Lactobacillus acidophilus), in planktonic cells or biofilms. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were carried out to assess the composition of the multispecies biofilms. No difference on the cytotoxicity, apical sealing ability and solubility between sealers containing DMADDM (1.25%, 2.5%) and EndoREZ (0%) could be determined. However, when the mass fraction of DMADDM increased to 5%, significantly different properties were found compared to the 0% (p < 0.05) group. Moreover, incorporating DMADDM into the sealer could greatly improve the antibacterial properties of EndoREZ. In addition, the composition ratio of E. faecalis could be decreased in multispecies microecology in sealers containing DMADDM. Therefore, a EndoREZ sealer material containing DMADDM could be considered useful in clinical applications for preventing and treating persistent apical periodontitis.
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Baras BH, Wang S, Melo MAS, Tay F, Fouad AF, Arola DD, Weir MD, Xu HHK. Novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties. J Dent 2019; 83:67-76. [PMID: 30825569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To develop a novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties using dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); (2) investigate the effects on E. faecalis biofilm inhibition, sealer flow and sealing ability, compared with an epoxy-resin-based sealer AH Plus; and (3) investigate the calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release from the sealers. METHODS A series of dual-cure endodontic sealers were formulated with DMAHDM and NACP at 5% and 20% by mass, respectively. Flow properties and sealing ability of the sealers were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, and polysaccharide production of biofilms on sealers were determined. Ca and P ion releases from the sealers were measured. RESULTS The new sealer containing 20% NACP and 5% DMAHDM yielded a paste flow of (28.99 ± 0.69) mm, within the range of ISO recommendations. The sealing properties of the sealer with 5% DMAHDM and 20% NACP were similar to a commercial control (p > 0.05). The sealer with DMAHDM decreased E. faecalis biofilm CFU by more than 4 orders of magnitude, compared to AH plus and experimental controls. The sealer with 20% NACP and 5% DMAHDM had relatively high levels of Ca and P ion release necessary for remineralization. CONCLUSIONS A new bioactive endodontic sealer was developed with strong antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis biofilms and high levels of Ca and P ion release for remineralization, without compromising the paste flow and sealing properties. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The bioactive antibacterial and remineralizing root canal sealer is promising to inhibit E. faecalis biofilms to prevent endodontic treatment failure and secondary endodontic infections, while releasing high levels of Ca and P ions that could remineralize and strengthen the tooth structures and potentially prevent future root fractures and teeth extractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer H Baras
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics & Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Franklin Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA
| | - Dwayne D Arola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Wang J, Mei Q, Lin L, Sun F, Li J, Zou Q, Zuo Y, Li Y. A comparison of the characteristics of polyurethane-based sealers including various antimicrobial agents. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7043-7056. [PMID: 35519981 PMCID: PMC9061074 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel polyurethane sealer has been fabricated and demonstrates good physicochemical and antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Quanjing Mei
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Lili Lin
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Fuhua Sun
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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Tiwari S, Murthy CS, Usha HL, Shivekshith AK, Kumar NN, Vijayalakshmi L. A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy and flow characteristics of two epoxy resin-based sealers-AH plus and Perma Evolution: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:676-680. [PMID: 30546218 PMCID: PMC6249942 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_305_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study Bacteria that persist at the time of obturation increase the possibility of persistent apical periodontitis. An ideal sealer should be able to kill these remaining bacteria that are present on the dentinal walls as well as inside the dentinal tubules. This could be possible if a sealer has antimicrobial properties with optimum flow characteristics. Hence, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of epoxy resin-based sealer: AH Plus and Perma Evolution against Enterococcus faecalis on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day and also to compare the flow characteristics of both epoxy resin-based sealers. Materials and Methods E. faecalis ATCC 35550 strain was used to assess the antibacterial efficacy of sealers by agar-diffusion test (ADT) and direct-contact test (DCT). Flow characteristics of sealers were measured according to the ADA specification no. 57. Results In ADT, Perma Evolution sealer showed larger zone of inhibition than AH plus on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day, and in DCT, both sealers were equally effective in inhibiting E. faecalis growth on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. Flow test showed no significant difference between Perma Evolution and AH Plus sealer. Conclusion Both the tested sealers were equally effective against E. faecalis up to 7 days of incubation period. Considering flow properties, both the tested sealers showed optimum flow as per the ADA specification no. 57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Tiwari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethana S Murthy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H L Usha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A K Shivekshith
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N Naveen Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - L Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Andriukaitiene L, Song X, Yang N, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK, Kerosuo E. The effect of smear layer removal on E. faecalis leakage and bond strength of four resin-based root canal sealers. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:213. [PMID: 30545332 PMCID: PMC6293555 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to assess bacterial sealability and bonding ability of methacrylate-based Resilon (RS, SybronEndo), Endo Rez (ER, Ultradent Products Inc), and epoxy-based AH Plus (AH, Dentsply/DeTrey), MTA Fill Apex (MTAF, Angelus Soluções Odontológicas) root canal sealers, and the effect of the smear layer removal on the sealability. METHODS One hundred thirty root segments were instrumented up to apical size #60 and rinsed with 2.5% NaOCl. Half of the roots were rinsed with 5ml 17% EDTA to remove the smear layer. All the roots were filled with AH, ER, MTAF sealers and gutta-percha, or RS with Resilon cones. After storage at 37°C for 7 days the samples were mounted into bacterial leakage assay for 50 days. Another 100 roots were instrumented and rinsed as described above, split longitudinally, cut into the cervical, middle and apical parts. The sealers were injected through the plastic mould on the dentin surface. After 7 days of incubation at 37°C, bond strength was tested using a notched-edge test fixture (Crosshead, Ultradent Products Inc.) and a universal testing machine (Lloyd Instruments). RESULTS AH revealed the longest mean time for bacterial resistance by 29.4 and 36.8 days (with and without smear layer, respectively) followed by RS (15.1 and 24.7 days, respectively). The difference between materials was significant (p<0.001). Bond strength values ranged from 0.2± 0.1 to 3.5± 0.7 MPa and increased from the apical to the cervical third. In the apical third, AH showed the highest mean (SD) bond values 1.4 (0.4) MPa and 1.7 (0.6) MPa (with and without smear, respectively, followed by RS, 0.5 (0.1) MPa and 0.8 (0.1) MPa, respectively. The difference between materials was significant (p=0.001). CONCLUSION The effect of the smear layer removal on the sealability was material-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andriukaitiene
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
- Present address: Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Xiaobo Song
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Nannan Yang
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Lippo V. J. Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka K. Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Kerosuo
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
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Pietrocola G, Ceci M, Preda F, Poggio C, Colombo M. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a new ozonized olive oil against oral and periodontal pathogens. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e1103-e1108. [PMID: 30607228 PMCID: PMC6311406 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of a new ozonized olive oil (O-zone gel) against oral and periodontal pathogens will be evaluated and compared with that of common CHX-based agents. Material and Methods O-zone gel was compared with two agents based on chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX): Corsodyl Dental Gel and Plak Gel. A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia and S. mutans, were selected and the antibacterial capability of the compounds was tested by using direct contact agar diffusion test (DCT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) evaluations. Differences between specific means were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Group means were compared using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Results O-zone gel reported inhibition zones which correspond to 33% and 43% of that achieved by the CHX agents. No inhibition of bacterial growth (MIC) on the Gram-positive strain by using O-zone gel was found and no antimicrobial effect (MBC) was observed by using O-zone gel on both Gram-negative and -positive strains. Conclusions The new ozonated oil was a relatively moderate antiseptic. Gram-negative bacteria proved to be more sensitive to ozonized olive oil than Gram-positive ones. The ozonized olive oil demonstrated a lower antibacterial activity if compared to the CHX-based agents tested. Key words:Agar diffusion test, antibacterial activity, direct contact test, ozone, ozonized olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Preda
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Vertuan GC, Duarte MAH, Moraes IGD, Piazza B, Vasconcelos BDC, Alcalde MP, Vivan RR. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of a New Root Canal Sealer. J Endod 2018; 44:501-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Chung SH, Park YS. Local drug delivery in endodontics: A literature review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Poggio C, Trovati F, Ceci M, Colombo M, Pietrocola G. Antibacterial activity of different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638549 PMCID: PMC5474328 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the antimicrobial activity of different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis, prior and subsequent to setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS Agar diffusion test (ADT) was used for evaluating the antibacterial activity of non-set sealer while the direct contact test (DCT) was used for after setting. RESULTS ADT: Except for TotalFill BC Sealer all the others sealers tested showed antibacterial activity. BioRoot™RCS, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer showed the lowest antibacterial activity, a significant increase in antibacterial effect for both Pulp Canal Sealer™ and AH plus sealers were found. Significantly higher were the mean diameters of the bacterial inhibition zone by both EasySeal or N2 sealers. DCT: AH plus and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer doesn't show any bactericidal effect after 6 min of contact. After 15 and 60 min of contact a significant increment for AH plus and for Sealapex Root Canal Sealer of the bactericidal effect was found. Significantly much higher was the antibacterial effect of Sealapex Root Canal Sealer compare to that observed for AH plus. BioRootTMRCS, MTA Fillapex, Pulp Canal Sealer™ and N2 showed at least means of the number of colonies formed in milliliter after 6 min of contact. Except for N2, a significant increase in bactericidal effect after 15 and 60 min for the other compared sealers (BioRootTMRCS, MTA Fillapex and Pulp Canal Sealer™). CONCLUSIONS For every contact times considered, both TotalFill BC Sealer and EasySeal were bactericidal against E. faecalis and killed all bacteria. Key words:Agar diffusion test, antibacterial activity, direct contact test, Enterococcus faecalis, root canal sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Trovati
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Silva LAB, Azevedo LU, Consolaro A, Barnett F, Xu Y, Battaglino RA, Cañadas PS, de Oliveira KMH, Silva RAB. Novel endodontic sealers induce cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent behavior and favorable response in mice subcutaneous tissue. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2851-2861. [PMID: 28281012 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of two novel endodontic sealers: RealSeal XT1 and Sealapex Xpress on the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity was assessed by cell viability using the MTT assay (one-way ANOVA), trypan blue test (Mann-Whitney) and cell apoptosis by flow cytometer. For the subcutaneous study, polyethylene tubes filled with the sealers were implanted in 70 BALB/c mice: 6 experimental groups (n = 10/group) and 2 control groups with empty tubes (n = 5/group). At the end of experimental periods (7, 21, and 63 days), the tissue was removed and histotechnically processed. Angioblastic proliferation and edema (Fisher's exact test) were evaluated, besides thickness measurement (μm) of the reactionary granulomatous tissue and neutrophil counts (Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post test; Mann-Whitney) (α = 0.05). RESULTS MTT assay, trypan blue, and analysis of apoptotic cells showed a dose-dependent direct effect: the more diluted the sealer, the less cytotoxic. Regarding the angioblastic proliferation and edema, difference between the sealers at 7 and 63 days occurred (p < 0.05). Both endodontic sealers initially promoted perimaterial tissue reaction as a foreign body granuloma and thus stimulated favorable tissue responses. CONCLUSIONS Both sealers showed a dose-dependent effect and promoted satisfactory subcutaneous tissue response; the sealer Sealapex Xpress was less cytotoxic and more biocompatible than RealSeal XT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The step of root canal filling during endodontic treatment is highly important for the preservation of the periapical tissue integrity. Subcutaneous reaction to endodontic sealers enables scientific basis for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A B Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - L U Azevedo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - A Consolaro
- Department of Oral Pathology, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - F Barnett
- Department of Dental Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Skeletal Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R A Battaglino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - P S Cañadas
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katharina Morant Holanda de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - R A B Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Effects of a New Fast-Set MTA. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2071247. [PMID: 28303246 PMCID: PMC5337838 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To compare the biocompatibility and antimicrobial effectiveness of the new Fast-Set MTA (FS-MTA) with ProRoot MTA (RS-MTA). Methods. The agar overlay method with neutral red dye was used. L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultured. The liquid and oil extracts and solid test material were placed on the agar overlay, four samples for each material. Phenol was used as the positive control and cottonseed oil and MEM extracts were used as negative controls. Cytotoxicity was examined by measuring the zones of decolorization and evaluating cell lysis under an inverted microscope using the established criteria after 24 and 48 hours. The antimicrobial test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method against S. mutans, E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. The size of the zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Results. There was no zone of decolorization seen under or around the test materials for FS-MTA and RS-MTA at 24 and 48 hours. The antimicrobial test demonstrated no inhibitory effect of FS-MTA or RS-MTA on any bacterial species after 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions. There was no cytotoxicity or bacterial inhibition observed by the new Fast-Set MTA when compared to the ProRoot MTA after setting.
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Kangarlou A, Neshandar R, Matini N, Dianat O. Antibacterial efficacy of AH Plus and AH26 sealers mixed with amoxicillin, triple antibiotic paste and nanosilver. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2017; 10:220-225. [PMID: 28096947 PMCID: PMC5237668 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2016.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Elimination of bacteria from the root canal system is one of the aims of endodontic treatment; hence the incorporation of antibiotics into sealers can increase their antimicrobial efficacy. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial effects of AH26 and AH Plus sealers mixed with amoxicillin, triple antibiotic paste and nanosilver on Enterococcus faecalis. Methods. In this experiment, amoxicillin, triple antibiotic paste and nanosilver powder were added at 10% of the total sealer weight to AH26 and AH Plus sealers and then cultured freshly or after 1, 3, and 7 days with suspension of E. faecalis for 24 hours. The zones of growth inhibition for E. faecalis were evaluated in each group. Results. Incorporation of nanosilver did not increase antibacterial effects of the sealers. Sealers combined with amoxicillin exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy in fresh condition. In the set specimens, the results demonstrated that the mixture of sealers and triple antibiotic pastes exhibited the greatest antibacterial efficacy. Conclusion. Amoxicillin and triple antibiotic paste significantly improved the antibacterial properties of AH Plus and AH26 sealers. Such properties decreased with time, but the use of sealer-amoxicillin/triple paste combination was still superior to using sealers alone or in combination with nanosilver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kangarlou
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Omid Dianat
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Cheng X, Qu T, Ma C, Xiang D, Yu Q, Liu X. Bioactive mono-dispersed nanospheres with long-term antibacterial effects for endodontic sealing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1195-1204. [PMID: 28944058 PMCID: PMC5606337 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic sealers with antibacterial capability play an important role in preventing reinfection of an endodontically treated root canal and improving the long-term success of root canal treatment. However, current endodontic sealers rapidly lose their antibacterial properties after fixation. In this work, we designed and synthesized quaternized mono-dispersed bioactive nanospheres as a potential substrate for the development of a long-term antibacterial endodontic sealer with excellent cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. First, mono-dispersed silica-based bioactive glass nanospheres (SBG-NS) were prepared via a modified sol-gel process. Next, a series of quaternary ammonium methacrylate salts (QAMs) with broad antibacterial spectra were synthesized and grafted onto the surfaces of the SBG-NS via a two-step coupling approach. The antibacterial effect of the quaternary ammonium polymethacrylate (QAPM)-containing SBG-NS (SBG-QAPM) against persistent microorganisms associated with infected root canals was evaluated using a direct contact test. Evaluations of the SBG-QAPM cytocompatibility and biocompatibility were performed using LIVE/DEAD staining, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2, 5-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay, and a calvarial implantation model. The results showed that the SBG-QAPMs had the strongest long-term antibacterial effect against the Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguis during the study period, the best cytocompatibility, and the lowest systemic inflammation compared to three commercial products: ProRoot MTA, Endomethasone C, and AH Plus. In addition, the SBG-QAPMs showed excellent stability in aqueous solution. This work indicates that the SBG-QAPMs are promising substrates for the development of long-term antibacterial endodontic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Tiejun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Doudou Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
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In Vitro Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Root Canal Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2016; 42:1588-1597. [PMID: 27623499 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the outcomes of in vitro studies of root canal sealers for their antimicrobial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis on the basis of direct contact test. METHODS An exhaustive literature search was performed by using MEDLINE, Scopus, TRIP, and OpenThesis databases, followed by an extensive hand search of references of identified articles. Two independent reviewers evaluated the studies for eligibility against inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed data abstraction and risk of bias evaluations. RESULTS A total of 31 articles were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 24 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. A considerable heterogeneity was found in the methodologies of included studies. Therefore, it was not feasible to perform meta-analysis. Majority of the studies reported that different categories of freshly prepared sealers possessed some form of positive antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis for up to 24 hours. Antimicrobial efficacy was lost as the material set. Moderate evidence was found for no antimicrobial activity of aged (2-day to 7-day set) sealer samples across all categories. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicated positive antimicrobial activity of freshly mixed sealers against E. faecalis. Antimicrobial efficacy was lost as the material set, with no bacterial growth inhibition by 2-day to 7-day set sealer samples. However, the studies included in this review presented medium to high risk of bias. This review identified the need for the development of standardized methods to evaluate antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers in in vitro studies.
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Shakya VK, Gupta P, Tikku AP, Pathak AK, Chandra A, Yadav RK, Bharti R, Singh RK. An Invitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Flow Characteristics for AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, CRCS and Gutta Flow 2 Root Canal Sealer. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC104-8. [PMID: 27656550 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20885.8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cleaning and shaping of root canal does not guarantee complete disinfection of the canal, regardless of the systems and techniques used for this purpose. Therefore, it becomes mandatory for the endodontic filling materials to have a good antimicrobial potential especially against E. faecalis. This research was aimed therefore to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and flow properties of different root canal sealers. AIM To study invitro antimicrobial activity and flow characteristics for Resin based (AH Plus), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate based (MTA Fillapex), Calcium hydroxide based (CRCS) and Flowable Gutta-Percha (Gutta Flow 2) endodontic sealers on Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was used to test antibacterial potential of sealers by Agar diffusion test (ADT) and Direct Contact Test (DCT). ADT was performed by punching the sealers on a well of 4×6mm diameter on Muller Hinton agar plates. These plates were inoculated with standard suspension of E. faecalis and the zone of inhibition was measured at 24 hours and after 7 days. All the sealers were prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Flow of sealers was measured according to ADA specification no. 57. RESULTS All sealers showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis except Gutta Flow 2. At 24 hours, zone of inhibition was highest in Calcibiotic Root Canal Sealer (CRCS) and lowest in AH Plus. After 7 days the zone of inhibition decreased in AH plus, CRCS and MTA Fillapex. DCT showed a significant lower number of organisms in AH Plus, CRCS and MTA than controls at both the time intervals. Gutta Flow 2 did not show any significant antimicrobial action. Maximum and minimum flow was shown by AH Plus and CRCS respectively. CONCLUSION Highest microbial inhibition was shown by (CRCS), followed by MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. Gutta Flow 2 did not show any inhibition of E. faecalis by ADT. Maximum reduction in antibacterial property with time against E. faecalis was seen with AH Plus. Maximum flow was shown by AH Plus and minimum by CRCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Shakya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem P Tikku
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Pathak
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Chandra
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Bharti
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singh
- Associate Professor, Department of Paediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rezende GC, Massunari L, Queiroz IODA, Gomes Filho JE, Jacinto RC, Lodi CS, Dezan Junior E. Antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers after setting, against E. faecalis biofilm. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100228. [PMID: 26981759 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis are gram positive bacteria that can mostly resist endodontic therapy, inducing persistent infection in the root canal system. Endodontic sealers with antimicrobial activity may help eliminate residual microorganisms that survive endodontic treatment. The present study aimed at comparing the antimicrobial activity of Acroseal, Sealapex and AH Plus endodontic sealers in an in vitro biofilm model. Bovine dentin specimens (144) were prepared, and twelve blocks for each sealer and each experimental time point (2, 7 and 14 days) were placed and left in contact with plates containing inoculum of E. faecalis (ATCC 51299), to induce biofilm formation. After 14 days, the samples were transferred to another plate with test sealers and kept at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 2, 7 and 14 days. The specimens without sealers were used as a control for each period. The samples were agitated in a sonicator after each experiment. The suspensions were agitated in a vortex mixer, serially diluted in saline, and triple plated onto m-Enterococcus agar. Colonyforming units were counted, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis one-way tests (p < 0.05) to determine antimicrobial potential. Sealapex showed significant differences at all the experimental time points, in comparison with all the other groups. AH Plus and Acroseal showed antimicrobial activity only on the 14th experimental day. Neither of the sealers tested were able to completely eliminate the biofilm. Sealapex showed the highest antimicrobial activity in all the experimental periods. The antimicrobial activity of all the sealers analyzed increased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriely Cristinni Rezende
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Loiane Massunari
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Eduardo Gomes Filho
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Castilho Jacinto
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Simonetti Lodi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elói Dezan Junior
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Yassen GH, Huang R, Al-Zain A, Yoshida T, Gregory RL, Platt JA. Evaluation of selected properties of a new root repair cement containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2139-2148. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Seelan RG, Kumar AA, Emil Sam RJ, Maheswari SU. Antimicrobial efficacy of different root canal sealers by using real-time polymerase chain reaction: An ex vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2016; 18:474-8. [PMID: 26752843 PMCID: PMC4693322 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.168814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Root canal sealers help to minimize leakage, provides antimicrobial activity to reduce the possibility of residual bacteria, and to resolve periapical lesion. Aim: To compare five different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis in an infected root canal model by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Settings and Design: Sixty human mandibular premolars were sectioned to standardize a uniform length of 14 mm. Fifty microliters of the inoculum containing E. faecalis were transferred into each microcentrifuge tube (n = 60). The samples were divided into six groups Tubli-Seal, Apexit Plus, Fillapex, AH Plus, RoekoSeal, and Positive control, respectively. Materials and Methods: Five groups after the incubation with the microorganism E. faecalis were coated with different root canal sealers and obturated using F3 ProTaper Gutta-percha point. The dentinal shavings were collected and analyzed for RT-PCR. Statistical Analysis: The mean difference between six groups was calculated using analysis of variance and post-hoc test. Results: The highest antibacterial activity was achieved with Tubli-Seal (1938.13 DNA in pictogram [pg]) and least by RoekoSeal (3034.54 DNA in pg). Conclusion: The maximum antimicrobial activity was achieved AH Plus and Tubli-Seal. RT-PCR can be used as a valuable and accurate tool for testing antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gnana Seelan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Arvind Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jonathan Emil Sam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Uma Maheswari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Frenzel N, Maenz S, Sanz Beltrán V, Völpel A, Heyder M, Sigusch BW, Lüdecke C, Jandt KD. Template assisted surface microstructuring of flowable dental composites and its effect on microbial adhesion properties. Dent Mater 2016; 32:476-87. [PMID: 26775012 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite their various advantages, such as good esthetic properties, absence of mercury and adhesive bonding to teeth, modern dental composites still have some drawbacks, e.g., a relatively high rate of secondary caries on teeth filled with composite materials. Recent research suggests that microstructured biomaterials surfaces may reduce microbial adhesion to materials due to unfavorable physical material-microbe interactions. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to test the hypotheses that (i) different surface microstructures can be created on composites by a novel straightforward approach potentially suitable for clinical application and (ii) that these surface structures have a statistically significant effect on microbial adhesion properties. METHODS Six different dental composites were initially tested for their suitability for microstructuring by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) templates. Each composite was light-cured between a glass slide and a microstructured PDMS template. The nano-hybrid composite Grandio Flow was the only tested composite with satisfying structurability, and was therefore used for the bacterial adhesion tests. Composites samples were structured with four different microstructures (flat, cubes, linear trapezoid structures, flat pyramids) and incubated for 4h in centrifuged saliva. The bacterial adherence was then characterized by colony forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS All four microstructures were successfully transferred from the PDMS templates to the composite Grandio Flow. The CFU-test as well as the quantitative analysis of the SEM images showed the lowest bacterial adhesion on the flat composite samples. The highest bacterial adhesion was observed on the composite samples with linear trapezoid structures, followed by flat pyramids and cubes. The microstructure of dental composite surfaces statistically significantly influenced the adhesion of oral bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE Modifying the composite surface structure may be a clinically suitable approach to control the microbial adhesion and thus, to reduce the risk of secondary caries at dental composite restorations. Smaller composite surface structures may be useful for accomplishing this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Frenzel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Maenz
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vanesa Sanz Beltrán
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Völpel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Heyder
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd W Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, An der alten Post 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Lüdecke
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jenergasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jenergasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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WAINSTEIN M, MORGENTAL RD, WALTRICK SBG, OLIVEIRA SD, VIER-PELISSER FV, FIGUEIREDO JAP, STEIER L, TAVARES CO, SCARPARO RK. In vitro antibacterial activity of a silicone-based endodontic sealer and two conventional sealers. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100216. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Prestegaard H, Portenier I, Ørstavik D, Kayaoglu G, Haapasalo M, Endal U. Antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers and root-end filling materials in dentin blocks infected ex vivo with Enterococcus faecalis. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:970-6. [PMID: 25005627 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.931462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the root-end filling materials MTA and IRM, different endodontic sealers and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] in experimentally infected dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-four human root segments were prepared and the root canals were enlarged to ISO size 90. After smear removal, the specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks. The roots were divided into eight groups and filled either with MTA, IRM, Ca(OH)₂, gutta-percha and EndoRez (ER)/GuttaFlow (GF)/AH Plus (AH+) or with Resilon and Epiphany (EpRe). One group of specimens was left unfilled for control. Half of the specimens were treated for 1 day and the other half for 7 days in humid conditions at 37°C. Dentin samples from each canal were collected by enlarging the canals to ISO size 150; thus a dentinal depth of 300 µm was sampled. The number of cultivable bacteria was determined for each specimen. Statistical significance was set to 5%. RESULTS After 1-day or 7-days of treatment, compared to control, all materials (except ER and GF at day 7) significantly reduced the number of bacteria. At day 1 and day 7, no significant difference was found between ER and GF and between Ca(OH)₂, AH+, EpRe, IRM and MTA. However, a significant difference was found between these two groups of materials (except between GF and EpRe at day 7). Significantly more bacteria were cultured in the ER, GF, EpRe and IRM groups at day 7 compared to day 1. CONCLUSIONS All materials exerted varying degrees of antibacterial activity which generally tended to decrease with time. The most stable antibacterial effect throughout the 7-day period was for Ca(OH)₂, AH+ and MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Prestegaard
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Sigusch BW, Kranz S, Klein S, Völpel A, Harazim S, Sanchez S, Watts DC, Jandt KD, Schmidt OG, Guellmar A. Colonization of Enterococcus faecalis in a new SiO/SiO2-microtube in vitro model system as a function of tubule diameter. Dent Mater 2014; 30:661-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li GH, Niu LN, Zhang W, Olsen M, De-Deus G, Eid AA, Chen JH, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Ability of new obturation materials to improve the seal of the root canal system: a review. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1050-1063. [PMID: 24321349 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New obturation biomaterials have been introduced over the past decade to improve the seal of the root canal system. However, it is not clear whether they have really produced a three-dimensional impervious seal that is important for reducing diseases associated with root canal treatment. A review of the literature was performed to identify models that have been employed for evaluating the seal of the root canal system. In vitro and in vivo models are not totally adept at quantifying the seal of root canals obturated with classic materials. Thus, one has to resort to clinical outcomes to examine whether there are real benefits associated with the use of recently introduced materials for obturating root canals. However, there is no simple answer because endodontic treatment outcomes are influenced by a host of other predictors that are more likely to take precedence over the influence of obturation materials. From the perspective of clinical performance, classic root filling materials have stood the test of time. Because many of the recently introduced materials are so new, there is not enough evidence yet to support their ability to improve clinical performance. This emphasizes the need to translate anecdotal information into clinically relevant research data on new biomaterials.
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Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Dental materials with antibiofilm properties. Dent Mater 2014; 30:e1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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