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Ma Z, Chen Y, Wang R, Zhu M. Synthesis of polymerizable betulin maleic diester derivative for dental restorative resins with antibacterial activity. Dent Mater 2024; 40:941-950. [PMID: 38719709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) is of great importance for dental materials as the preferred monomer. However, the presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) core in Bis-GMA structure causes potential concerns since it is associated with endocrine diseases, developmental abnormalities, and cancer lesions. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an alternative replacement for Bis-GMA and explore the intrinsic relationship between monomer structure and resin properties. METHODS Here, the betulin maleic diester derivative (MABet) was synthesized by a facile esterification reaction using plant-derived betulin and maleic anhydride as raw materials. Its chemical structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, FT-IR spectra, and HR-MS, respectively. The as-synthesized MABet was then used as polymerizable comonomer to partially or completely substitute Bis-GMA in a 50:50 Bis-GMA: TEGDMA resin (5B5T) to formulate dental restorative resins. These were then determined for the viscosity behavior, light transmittance, real-time degree of conversion, residual monomers, mechanical performance, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in detail. RESULTS Among all experimental resins, increasing the MABet concentration to 50 wt% made the resultant 5MABet5T resin have a maximum in viscosity and appear dark yellowish after polymerization. In contrast, the 1MABet4B5T resin with 10 wt% MABet possessed comparable shear viscosity and polymerization conversion (46.6 ± 1.0% in 60 s), higher flexural and compressive strength (89.7 ± 7.8 MPa; 345.5 ± 14.4 MPa) to those of the 5B5T control (48.5 ± 0.6%; 65.7 ± 6.7 MPa; 223.8 ± 57.1 MPa). This optimal resin also had significantly lower S. mutans colony counts (0.35 ×108 CFU/mL) than 5B5T (7.6 ×108 CFU/mL) without affecting cytocompatibility. SIGNIFICANCE Introducing plant-derived polymerizable MABet monomer into dental restorative resins is an effective strategy for producing antibacterial dental materials with superior physicochemical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Wang R, Li Z, Tian Q, Ma Z, Zhu M. Making graphene oxide (GO)-cladded SiO 2 spheres (SiO 2 @GO) as inorganic fillers for dental restorative resin composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1076-1084. [PMID: 37827873 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graphene oxide (GO) is of great interest in dentistry as the functional filler, mainly owing to its ability to inhibit the formation of cariogenic bacteria and possess low cytotoxicity to different cells, such as human dental pulp cells, HeLa cells, etc. However, its typical brown color limits the practical application. METHODS Here, the refractive-index-matched monodisperse SiO2 were used as the supporting substrates to synthesize GO-cladded SiO2 spheres (xSiO2 @ yGO) through a mild electrostatic self-assembly process, where x and y represent the amount of SiO2 and GO in the reaction mixture, respectively. The morphology and the optical performance of the obtained xSiO2 @ yGO particles were modulated by varying the mass ratio of SiO2 and GO (5:1, 10:1, 50:1, and 100:1). All developed hybrid particles were silanized and formulated with dimethacrylate-based resins. These were tested for curing depth, polymerization conversion, mechanical performance, in vitro cell viability, and antibacterial activity. RESULTS Of all xSiO2 @ yGO materials, increasing the mass ratio to 100:1 made the 100SiO2 @GO particles appear light brown and possess the lowest light absorbance from 300 to 800 nm. The results of CIEL*a*b* system showed that all these hybrid particles exhibited obvious discoloration compared with SiO2 and GO, where 100SiO2 @GO possessed the smallest color difference. Furthermore, following the results of curing depth, polymerization conversion, and mechanical performance of dental composites, the optimal filler composition was 100SiO2 @GO at 5 wt% filler loading. The resultant 100SiO2 @GO-filled composite produced the highest flexural strength (115 ± 12 MPa) and the lowest bacterial concentration (6.7 × 108 CFU/mL) than those of the resin matrix (78 ± 11 MPa; 9.2 × 108 CFU/mL) and 5 wt% SiO2-filled composite (106 ± 9 MPa; 9.1 × 108 CFU/mL), respectively, without affecting in vitro cell viability. SIGNIFICANCE The facile and mild synthesis of xSiO2 @ yGO hybrid particles provided a convenient way to tune their optical property. The optimal 100SiO2 @GO particles could be considered as the promising antibacterial filler to be applied in dental care and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qingyi Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Albergaria LS, Scotti CK, Mondelli RFL, Vega HA, Faggion CM, Bombonatti JFS, Velo MMDAC. Effect of nanofibers as reinforcement on resin-based dental materials: A systematic review of in vitro studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:239-252. [PMID: 37593731 PMCID: PMC10429726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review provides an update on the effect of nanofibers as reinforcement on resin-based dental materials. A bibliographic search was conducted in MEDLINEPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS (LILACS, BBO e IBECS), Cochrane, LIVIVO, and gray literature (BDTD) to identify relevant articles up to May 2021. In vitro studies that evaluated and compared the mechanical properties of nanofibers resin-based composite materials, were eligible. No publication year or language restriction was applied, and methodological quality was assessed using two methods. In a total of 6100 potentially eligible studies, 81 were selected for full-text analysis and 35 were included for qualitative analysis. Of the 35 included studies, a total of 29 studies evaluated the flexural strength (FS) of the materials. These groups were distinguished according to the resin-based materials tested and nanofiber types. Most of the studies evaluated materials composed of glass fibers and demonstrated higher values of FS when compared to resin-based materials without nanofibers. The incorporation of nanofibers into resin-based dental materials improved the mechanical properties compared to resin-based materials without nanofibers, suggesting better performance of these materials in high-stressbearing application areas. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of resin-based materials with nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Santos Albergaria
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Koch Scotti
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heber Arbildo Vega
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, San Martín de Porres University, Chiclayo, Peru
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Department of Human Medicine, San Martín de Porres University, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Clovis Mariano Faggion
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos Velo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Al-Odayni AB, Al-Kahtani HM, Sharaf Saeed W, Al-Kahtani A, Aouak T, Khan R, De Vera MAT, Alrahlah A. Physical-Chemical and Microhardness Properties of Model Dental Composites Containing 1,2-Bismethacrylate-3-eugenyl Propane Monomer. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:511. [PMID: 37999152 PMCID: PMC10669855 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A new eugenyl dimethacrylated monomer (symbolled BisMEP) has recently been synthesized. It showed promising viscosity and polymerizability as resin for dental composite. As a new monomer, BisMEP must be assessed further; thus, various physical, chemical, and mechanical properties have to be investigated. In this work, the aim was to investigate the potential use of BisMEP in place of the BisGMA matrix of resin-based composites (RBCs), totally or partially. Therefore, a list of model composites (CEa0, CEa25, CEa50, and CEa100) were prepared, which made up of 66 wt% synthesized silica fillers and 34 wt% organic matrices (BisGMA and TEGDMA; 1:1 wt/wt), while the novel BisMEP monomer has replaced the BisGMA content as 0.0, 25, 50, and 100 wt%, respectively. The RBCs were analyzed for their degree of conversion (DC)-based depth of cure at 1 and 2 mm thickness (DC1 and DC2), Vickers hardness (HV), water uptake (WSP), and water solubility (WSL) properties. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS v21, and the significance level was taken as p < 0.05. The results revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the DC at 1 and 2 mm depth for the same composite. No significant differences in the DC between CEa0, CEa25, and CEa50; however, the difference becomes substantial (p < 0.05) with CEa100, suggesting possible incorporation of BisMEP at low dosage. Furthermore, DC1 for CEa0-CEa50 and DC2 for CEa0-CEa25 were found to be above the proposed minimum limit DC of 55%. Statistical analysis of the HV data showed no significant difference between CEa0, CEa25, and CEa50, while the difference became statistically significant after totally replacing BisGMA with BisMEP (CEa100). Notably, no significant differences in the WSP of various composites were detected. Likewise, WSL tests revealed no significant differences between such composites. These results suggest the possible usage of BisMEP in a mixture with BisGMA with no significant adverse effect on the DC, HV, WSP, and degradation (WSL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Kahtani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taieb Aouak
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Alrahlah
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Torkian P, Mortazavi Najafabadi S, Ghashang M, Grzelczyk D. Glass-Ceramic Fillers Based on Zinc Oxide-Silica Systems for Dental Composite Resins: Effect on Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6268. [PMID: 37763546 PMCID: PMC10533065 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The potential of glass ceramics as applicable materials in various fields including fillers for dental restorations is our guide to present a new procedure for improvements of the mechanical properties of dental composites. This work aims to use Zn2SiO4 and SiO2-ZnO nano-materials as fillers to improve the mechanical properties of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA mixed dental resins. Zn2SiO4 and SiO2-ZnO samples were prepared and characterized by using XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and FT-IR techniques. The XRD pattern of the SiO2-ZnO sample shows that ZnO crystallized in a hexagonal phase, while the SiO2 phase was amorphous. Similarly, the Zn2SiO4 sample crystallized in a rhombohedral crystal system. The prepared samples were used as fillers for the improvement of the mechanical properties of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA mixed dental resins. Five samples of dental composites composed of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA mixed resins were filled with 2, 5, 8, 10, and 15 wt% of SiO2-ZnO, and similarly, five samples were filled with Zn2SiO4 samples (2, 5, 8, 10, and 15 wt%). All of the 10 samples (A1-A10) were characterized by using different techniques including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and TGA analyses. According to the TGA analysis, all samples were thermally stable up to 200 °C, and the thermal stability increased with the filler percent. Next, the mechanical properties of the samples including the flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), diameter tensile strength (DTS), and compressive strength (CS) were investigated. The obtained results revealed that the samples filled with 8 wt% of SiO2-ZnO and 10 wt% of Zn2SiO4 had higher FS values of 123.4 and 136.6 MPa, respectively. Moreover, 8 wt% of both fillers displayed higher values of the FM, DTS, and CS parameters. These values were 8.6 GPa, 34.2 MPa, and 183.8 MPa for SiO2-ZnO and 11.3 GPa, 41.2 MPa, and 190.5 MPa for the Zn2SiO4 filler. Inexpensive silica-based materials enhance polymeric mechanics. Silica-metal oxide nanocomposites improve dental composite properties effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Torkian
- Department of Manufacturing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148-71167, Iran
| | - SayedMohsen Mortazavi Najafabadi
- Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowski Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Majid Ghashang
- Department of Chemistry, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad 15847-43311, Iran
| | - Dariusz Grzelczyk
- Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowski Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carvalho Ó, Catarino SO, Henriques B, Torres O, Braem A, Souza JCM. Effect of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through traditional or flowable resin-matrix composites for restorative dentistry. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5679-5693. [PMID: 37592003 PMCID: PMC10492747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the light transmission through five different resin-matrix composites regarding the inorganic filler content. METHODS Resin-matrix composite disc-shaped specimens were prepared on glass molds. Three traditional resin-matrix composites contained inorganic fillers at 74, 80, and 89 wt. % while two flowable composites revealed 60 and 62.5 wt. % inorganic fillers. Light transmission through the resin-matrix composites was assessed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light curing for 10, 20, or 40s. Elastic modulus and nanohardness were evaluated through nanoindentation's tests, while Vicker's hardness was measured by micro-hardness assessment. Chemical analyses were performed by FTIR and EDS, while microstructural analysis was conducted by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS After polymerization, optical transmittance increased for all specimens above 650-nm wavelength irradiation since higher light exposure time leads to increased light transmittance. At 20- or 40-s irradiation, similar light transmittance was recorded for resin composites with 60, 62, 74, or 78-80 wt. % inorganic fillers. The lowest light transmittance was recorded for a resin-matrix composite reinforced with 89 wt. % inorganic fillers. Thus, the size of inorganic fillers ranged from nano- up to micro-scale dimensions and the high content of micro-scale inorganic particles can change the light pathway and decrease the light transmittance through the materials. At 850-nm wavelength, the average ratio between polymerized and non-polymerized specimens increased by 1.6 times for the resin composite with 89 wt. % fillers, while the composites with 60 wt. % fillers revealed an increased ratio by 3.5 times higher than that recorded at 600-nm wavelength. High mean values of elastic modulus, nano-hardness, and micro-hardness were recorded for the resin-matrix composites with the highest inorganic content. CONCLUSIONS A high content of inorganic fillers at 89 wt.% decreased the light transmission through resin-matrix composites. However, certain types of fillers do not interfere on the light transmission, maintaining an optimal polymerization and the physical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization mode. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised, leading to variable physical properties and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), SC, 88040-900, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Orlanda Torres
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Trinca RB, Oliveira BA, Vilela HDS, Braga RR. Effect of calcium orthophosphate particle size and CaP:glass ratio on optical, mechanical and physicochemical characteristics of experimental composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:770-778. [PMID: 37423880 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate light transmittance (%T), color change (ΔE), degree of conversion (DC), bottom-to-top Knoop microhardness (KHN), flexural strength (BFS) and modulus (FM), water sorption/solubility (WS/SL) and calcium release of resin composites containing different dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD)-to-barium glass ratios (DCPD:BG) and DCPD particle sizes. METHODS Ten resin-based composites (50 vol% inorganic fraction) were prepared using BG (0.4 µm) and DCPD particles (12 µm, 3 µm or mixture) with DCPD:BG of 1:3, 1:1 or 3:1. A composite without DCPD was used as a control. DC, KHN, %T and ΔE were determined in 2-mm thick specimens. BFS and FM were determined after 24 h. WS/SL was determined after 7 d. Calcium release was determined by coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey test (alpha: 0.05). RESULTS %T was significantly reduced in composites with milled, compared to pristine DCPD (p < 0.001). ΔE > 3.3 were observed with DCPD:BG of 1:1 and 3:1 formulated with milled DCPD (p < 0.001). DC increased at 1:1 and 3:1 DCPD:BG (p < 0.001). All composites presented bottom-to-top KHN of at least 0.8. BFS was not affected by DCPD size but was strongly dependent on DCPD:BG (p < 0.001). Reductions in FM were observed with milled DCPD (p < 0.001). WS/SL increased with DCPD:BG (p < 0.001). At 3DCPD: 1BG, using small DCPD particles led to a 35 % increase in calcium release (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE A trade-off between strength and Ca2+ release was observed. In spite of its low strength, the formulation containing 3 DCPD: 1 glass and milled DCPD particles is preferred due to its superior Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bergamo Trinca
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Almeida Oliveira
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Ruggiero Braga
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Brazil.
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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Al-Odayni AB, Saeed WS, Bautista LS, Haider S, De Vera MAT, Alshabib A. Fabrication of Novel Pre-Polymerized BisGMA/Silica Nanocomposites: Physio-Mechanical Considerations. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:323. [PMID: 37367287 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin composite mimics tooth tissues both in structure and properties, and thus, they can withstand high biting force and the harsh environmental conditions of the mouth. Various inorganic nano- and micro-fillers are commonly used to enhance these composites' properties. In this study, we adopted a novel approach by using pre-polymerized bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) ground particles (XL-BisGMA) as fillers in a BisGMA/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin system in combination with SiO2 nanoparticles. The BisGMA/TEGDMA/SiO2 mixture was filled with various concentrations of XL-BisGMA (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt.%). The XL-BisGMA added composites were evaluated for viscosity, degree of conversion (DC), microhardness, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that the addition of a lower concentration of XL-BisGMA particles (2.5 wt.%) significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the complex viscosity from 374.6 (Pa·s) to 170.84. (Pa·s). Similarly, DC was also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by the addition of 2.5 wt.% XL-BisGMA, with the pristine composite showing a DC of (62.19 ± 3.2%) increased to (69.10 ± 3.4%). Moreover, the decomposition temperature has been increased from 410 °C for the pristine composite (BT-SB0) to 450 °C for the composite with 10 wt.% of XL-BisGMA (BT-SB10). The microhardness has also been significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) from 47.44 HV for the pristine composite (BT-SB0) to 29.91 HV for the composite with 2.5 wt.% of XL-BisGMA (BT-SB2.5). These results suggest that a XL-BisGMA could be used to a certain percentage as a promising filler in combination with inorganic fillers to enhance the DC and flow properties of the corresponding resin-based dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonel S Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Leyva Del Rio D, Johnston WM. Effect of monomer composition and filler fraction on surface microhardness and depth of cure of experimental resin composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12933. [PMID: 37121780 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated microhardness profiles and calculated depths of cure at 80% of the surface microhardness of experimental dental resin composites having different base monomer compositions and different filler fractions. Composites were prepared using four different base monomers (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate [Bis-GMA], urethane dimethacrylate [UDMA], ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate [Bis-EMA], and Fit-852) with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) used as a co-monomer at three filler:resin matrix weight percent fractions (50:50, 60:40, and 70:30). Uncured material was placed in 3D printed molds and light cured for 40 s from the top surface only. Knoop microhardness was measured at the top of the specimen, and at every 0.5 mm up to 4 mm in depth. Microhardness at the surface increased in all experimental composites as the filler fraction increased. When comparing base monomers, microhardness was the highest in UDMA-based composites, while Bis-GMA-based composites showed the lowest values. When comparing depth of cure as a function of base monomer type, both Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA showed significantly lower values than UDMA or Fit-852. Composites having 50 wt% filler showed a significantly higher depth of cure than those with 60 and 70 wt% filler. Base monomer and filler fraction significantly influence microhardness and depth of cure in these experimental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leyva Del Rio
- The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William Michael Johnston
- The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Novel 1,2-Bismethacrylate-3-Eugenyl Propane for Resin Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, Rheological, and Degree of Conversion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061481. [PMID: 36987268 PMCID: PMC10053438 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to synthesize a novel dimethacrylated-derivative of eugenol (Eg) (termed EgGAA) as potential biomaterial for certain applications such as dental fillings and adhesives. EgGAA was synthesized through a two-step reaction: (i) a mono methacrylated-eugenol (EgGMA) was produced via a ring-opening etherification of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with Eg; (ii) EgGMA was condensed with methacryloyl chloride into EgGAA. EgGAA was further incorporated in matrices containing BisGMA and TEGDMA (50:50 wt%) (TBEa), in which EgGAA replaced BisGMA as 0–100 wt% to get a series of unfilled resin composites (TBEa0–TBEa100), and by addition of reinforcing silica (66 wt%), a series of filled resins were also obtained (F-TBEa0–F-TBEa100). Synthesized monomers were analyzed for their structural, spectral, and thermal properties using FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, TGA, and DSC. Composites rheological and DC were analyzed. The viscosity (η, Pa·s) of EgGAA (0.379) was 1533 times lower than BisGMA (581.0) and 125 times higher than TEGDMA (0.003). Rheology of unfilled resins (TBEa) indicated Newtonian fluids, with viscosity decreased from 0.164 Pa·s (TBEa0) to 0.010 Pa·s (TBEa100) when EgGAA totally replaced BisGMA. However, composites showed non-Newtonian and shear-thinning behavior, with complex viscosity (η*) being shear-independent at high angular frequencies (10–100 rad/s). The loss factor crossover points were at 45.6, 20.3, 20.4, and 25.6 rad/s, indicating a higher elastic portion for EgGAA-free composite. The DC was insignificantly decreased from 61.22% for the control to 59.85% and 59.50% for F-TBEa25 and F-TBEa50, respectively, while the difference became significant when EgGAA totally replaced BisGMA (F-TBEa100, DC = 52.54%). Accordingly, these properties could encourage further investigation of Eg-containing resin-based composite as filling materials in terms of their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological potentiality as dental material.
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Influence of Eugenol and Its Novel Methacrylated Derivative on the Polymerization Degree of Resin-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051124. [PMID: 36904361 PMCID: PMC10007384 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the limiting rate of eugenol (Eg) and eugenyl-glycidyl methacrylate (EgGMA) at which the ideal degree of conversion (DC) of resin composites is achieved. For this, two series of experimental composites, containing, besides reinforcing silica and a photo-initiator system, either EgGMA or Eg molecules at 0-6.8 wt% per resin matrix, principally consisting of urethane dimethacrylate (50 wt% per composite), were prepared and denoted as UGx and UEx, where x refers to the EgGMA or Eg wt% in the composite, respectively. Disc-shaped specimens (5 × 1 mm) were fabricated, photocured for 60 s, and analyzed for their Fourier transform infrared spectra before and after curing. The results revealed concentration-dependent DC, increased from 56.70% (control; UG0 = UE0) to 63.87% and 65.06% for UG3.4 and UE0.4, respectively, then dramatically decreased with the concentration increase. The insufficiency in DC due to EgGMA and Eg incorporation, i.e., DC below the suggested clinical limit (>55%), was observed beyond UG3.4 and UE0.8. The mechanism behind such inhibition is still not fully determined; however, radicals generated by Eg may drive its free radical polymerization inhibitory activity, while the steric hindrance and reactivity of EgGMA express its traced effect at high percentages. Therefore, while Eg is a severe inhibitor for radical polymerization, EgGMA is safer and can be used to benefit resin-based composites when used at a low percentage per resin.
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Sun Y, Sun L, Hong L, Li J, Tang S, Zhao C. Bio-based Non-estrogenic Dimethacrylate Dental Composite from Cloves. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1613-1619. [PMID: 35923076 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), as an endocrine disruptor derived from petroleum-based chemicals, has been prohibited by several regulatory agencies for use in a wide variety of consumer products. For the sake of reducing human exposure to BPA derivatives and in the context of sustainability, it is far-reaching to develop high-performance and low-toxic materials from bountiful biomass sources. The objective of this work was to synthesize 2 bio-based dimethacrylate monomers, 2,2'-dially-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,5'-diglycerolate acrylatediphenylmethane (BEF-EA) and 2,2'-dially-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,5'-diglycerolate methacrylatediphenylmethane (BEF-GMA), using eugenol as the raw material. The estrogenic activity of bio-based bisphenol 2,2'-dially-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,5'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (BEF) was evaluated and compared with estrogen and commercial bisphenols. After photopolymerization of the di(meth)acrylates diluted with tri(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), bio-based visible light-curing materials were prepared, and their properties were systematically investigated. Notably, di(meth)acrylates BEF-GMA and BEF-EA derived from these nonestrogenic bio-based phenols exhibited improved biocompatibility and low viscosity (down to 220-280 Pa.s). BEF-GMA and BEF-EA resin matrix exhibits lower volumetric polymerization shrinkage (about 8.5%), high photopolymerization reactivity (>50% in 60 s), and mechanical properties (fracture energy >5.5 N mm; flexural strength of 87-91 MPa, etc), which were comparable or superior to commercial Bis-GMA. The respective bio-based composites still exhibit adequate properties. Therefore, introducing eugenol-based visible light-curable dimethacrylate monomers into dental materials is a potential strategy to establish green sustainability and biocompatible dental materials without BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - L Hong
- Endodontics Department of Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - S Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carpio D, Torres O, Carvalho O, Silva F, Henriques B, Özcan M, Souza JCM. The influence of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure: an integrative review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5575-5594. [PMID: 35767045 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to perform an integrative review on the effect the inorganic fillers on the light transmission through the resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure. METHOD A bibliographic review was performed on PubMed using the following search terms: "fillers" OR "particle" AND "light curing" OR "polymerization" AND "light transmission" OR "light absorption" OR "light irradiance" OR "light attenuation" OR "light diffusion" AND "resin composite." The search involved articles published in English language in the last 10 years. RESULTS Selected studies reported a decrease in biaxial strength and hardness in traditional resin-matrix composites in function of the depth of polymerization. However, there were no significant differences in biaxial strength and hardness recorded along the polymerization depth of Bulk-Fill™ composites. Strength and hardness were enhanced by increasing the size and content of inorganic fillers although some studies revealed a progressive decrease in the degree of conversion on increasing silica particle size. The translucency of glass-ceramic spherical fillers promoted light diffusion mainly in critical situations such as in the case of deep proximal regions of resin-matrix composites. CONCLUSIONS The amount of light transmitted through the resin-matrix composites is influenced by the size, content, microstructure, and shape of the inorganic filler particles. The decrease of the degree of conversion affects negatively the physical and mechanical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised leading to variable physical properties and degradation. The polymerization mode of resin-matrix composites can be improved according to the type of inorganic fillers in their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Daniela Carpio
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Oscar Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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Cao J, Yang DL, Wang D, Wang JX. Spray-drying-assisted fabrication of CaF2/SiO2 nanoclusters for dental restorative composites. Dent Mater 2022; 38:835-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Effects of hybrid inorganic-organic nanofibers on the properties of enamel resin infiltrants - An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126:105067. [PMID: 35026564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the overall mechanical properties of resin infiltrants doped with bioactive nanofibers and their ability in inhibiting enamel demineralization or achieving remineralization of the adjacent enamel to white spots. A commercial resin infiltrant (ICON, DMG) was doped with hybrid inorganic-organic nanofibers and analyzed for degree of conversion (DC, n = 3) and surface hardness (SH, n = 6). Subsequently, enamel specimens (6 × 4 × 2 mm3) were prepared and submitted to a demineralizing/remineralizing process to produce a subsurface caries-like lesion. The specimens were treated with one of the following materials: ICON infiltrant, DMG (control); ICON + nanofibers of poly-lactic acid (PLA)-filled with silica (PLA-SiO2); ICON + nanofibers of (PLA)-filled with calcium incorporated into a silica network (SiO2-CaP). Then, the specimens were subjected to a pH-cycling demineralizing/remineralizing model for 7 days at 37 °C. The %ΔSH change (after treatment), %SH loss and %SH recovery (after pH-cycling regimen) were calculated after SH evaluation (n = 9/group). The Ca/P weight ratio before and after pH-cycling regimen was evaluated through SEM/EDX. The results of DC were analyzed through the T-test (p < 0.05). ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05) was performed for hardness and EDX. A significant SH increase was observed in the ICON/SiO2CaP group (p < 0.05). The ICON/PLA-SiO2 presented higher DC values than the control group (p = 0.043). All groups presented significant difference in %ΔSH (p < 0.05), although the specimens treated with ICON/SiO2CaP presented greater values. Regarding the %SHL and %SHR, the ICON/SiO2CaP and ICON/PLA-SiO2 were significantly different compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, no difference was observed between the ICON/SiO2CaP and ICON/PLA-SiO2. The Ca/P ratio showed that the ICON/SiO2CaP and ICON/PLA-SiO2 after the pH-cycling regimen differed from sound enamel and modified infiltrants before pH-cycling. In conclusion, tailored hybrid nanofibers may be incorporated into enamel resin infiltrants without compromise the mechanical properties of such experimental materials. These latter can inhibit the demineralization of enamel and increase its hardness during pH-clycling challange.
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Silvestrin LB, Garcia IM, Visioli F, Collares FM, Leitune VCB. Physicochemical and biological properties of experimental dental adhesives doped with a guanidine-based polymer: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3627-3636. [PMID: 35001214 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to formulate experimental dental adhesives with different polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride concentrations (PHMGH) and evaluate their physical, chemical, and biological properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental adhesives were formulated with 0 (control, GCTRL), 0.5 (G0.5%), 1 (G1%), or 2 (G2%) wt.% into the adhesive. The adhesives were analyzed for degree of conversion (DC%), softening in solvent (ΔKHN%), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), microtensile bond strength (μTBS) immediately and after 1 year of aging, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity. RESULTS There were no differences among groups for DC%, ΔKHN%, and UTS (p > 0.05%). There were no differences between each PHMGH-doped adhesive compared to GCTRL in the immediate μ-TBS (p > 0.05). Adhesives with at least 1 wt.% of PHMGH presented better stability of μ-TBS. PHMGH-doped adhesives showed improved longitudinal μ-TBS compared to GCTRL (p < 0.05). Lower Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation was observed for PHMGH-doped adhesives (p < 0.05). There was lower viability of planktonic S. mutans in the media in contact with the samples when at least 1 wt.% of PHGMGH was incorporated (p < 0.05). The formulated adhesives showed no cytotoxicity against pulp cells (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The adhesive with 2 wt.% of PHMGH showed the highest antibacterial activity, without affecting the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity, besides conferring stability for the dental adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PHMGH, a positively charged polymer, conveyed antibacterial activity to dental adhesives. Furthermore, it did not negatively affect the essential physicochemical and biocompatibility properties of the adhesives. More importantly, the incorporation of PHMGH provided stability for the μ-TBS compared to the control group without this additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bonfanti Silvestrin
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Isadora Martini Garcia
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Departament, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2492, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Aminoroaya A, Bagheri R, Nouri Khorasani S, Talebi Z, Derakhshanfar P, Esmaeely Neisiany R. Mesoporous silica aerogel reinforced dental composite: Effects of microstructure and surface modification. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104947. [PMID: 34736020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A mesoporous silica aerogel (SiA) with a high specific surface area was synthesized through the sol-gel process and subsequently modified with two different silane-based modifiers to reveals the effect of microstructure and surface modification on the fracture mechanics of a dental composite. The synthesized and modified aerogel were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared aerogels were then incorporated within methacrylate-based dental composites with the filler content of 0-35 wt%. Flexural modulus (FM) and Flexural strength (FS) were evaluated by the three-point bending test. The fracture toughness (FT) of the composites was evaluated by single edge V-notched beam (SEVNB) flexure test, while FESEM was employed to investigate the fracture surface morphology of the composites. Furthermore, the wettability of the composites was assessed according to the sessile drop method. The characterization of synthesized aerogels revealed the formation of SiA with a surface area of 550-560 m2/g and porosity of 77%, while FTIR results confirmed the successful modification. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, p≤0.05, and n = 5) revealed that FM significantly enhanced (from 1.43 GPa to 2.66 GPa) as filler content increased over 0-30 wt%, and FS improved (from 80 to 95 MPa) as filler content increased over 0-15 wt%. Furthermore, the modification of aerogels improved both fracture characteristics and the wettability of the composites. The FT evaluations and fractography analysis revealed that the mesoporous structure of the fillers mainly dominated the filler-matrix adhesion strength at the same filler content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Aminoroaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Bagheri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Saied Nouri Khorasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Zahra Talebi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Parham Derakhshanfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 9617976487, Iran.
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Niu H, Yang DL, Gao T, Wang JX. Efficient prediction of the packing density of inorganic fillers in dental resin composites for excellent properties. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1806-1818. [PMID: 34565583 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model for efficient prediction of the packing density of different filler formulations in dental resin composites (DRCs), and to study properties of DRCs at the maximum filler loading (MFL), thereby providing an effective guidance for the design of filler formulations in DRCs to obtain excellent properties. METHODS The packing density data generated by discrete element model (DEM) simulation were used to re-derive the parameters of 3-parameter model. The modifier effect was also induced to modify the 3-parameter model. DRCs with 10 filler formulations were selected to test properties at the MFL. The packing densities of binary and ternary mixes in DRCs were calculated by 3-parameter model to explore the regularity of composite packing. RESULTS The predicted packing density was validated by simulation and experimental results, and the prediction error is within 1.40 vol%. The optimization of filler compositions to obtain a higher packing density is beneficial to enhancing the mechanical properties and reducing the polymerization shrinkage of DRCs. In binary mixes, the maximum packing density occurs when the volume fraction of small fillers is 0.35-0.45, and becomes higher with the reduction of particle size ratio. In ternary mixes, the packing density can reach the maximum value when the volume fractions of large and small fillers are in the 0.5-0.75 and 0.15-0.4 ranges, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The modified 3-parameter model can provide an effective method to design the multi-level filler formulations of DRCs, thereby improving the performance of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dan-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Ardestani SS, Bonan RF, Mota MF, Farias RMDC, Menezes RR, Bonan PRF, Maciel PP, Ramos-Perez FMDM, Batista AUD, da Cruz Perez DE. Effect of the incorporation of silica blow spun nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles (SiO 2/Ag) on the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties of a low-viscosity bulk-fill composite resin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1615-1629. [PMID: 34479726 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed at producing silica-blow-spun nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles (SiO2/Ag) and investigating the effect of their incorporation in different proportions, with or without pre-treatment with a silane coupling agent, on the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties of a commercial composite low-viscosity bulk-fill resin. METHODS The production of SiO2/Ag nanofibers was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). A portion of the produced nanofibers was silanized. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, and agar diffusion tests against Streptococcus mutans were used to verify the differences between silanized and non-silanized nanofibers. Different proportions (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of silanized (SiO2/Ag-0.5S and SiO2/Ag-1S) and non-silanized (SiO2/Ag-0.5NS and SiO2/Ag-1NS) nanofibers were incorporated into the bulk-fill composite (Opus Bulk Fill Flow, FGM). A commercial composite was used as the control. Evaluation of the color parameters (L*, a*, and b*), radiopacity, contact angle, antimicrobial activity, Vickers microhardness, surface roughness (Sa and Sq), flexural strength, and SEM of the fractured surfaces were performed. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (fiber morphology), Kruskal-Wallis tests, with Dunn's post hoc test (antimicrobial activity of the specimen against S. mutans), Student's t-test (disk diffusion), one-way ANOVA and Tukey (color, radiopacity, and contact angle), and two-way ANOVA and Tukey (microhardness, surface roughness, and flexural strength) tests. All statistical analyses were performed at a significance level of 1% (α = 0.01). RESULTS Porous nanometric SiO2/Ag fibers were successfully produced. The silanization process, confirmed by FTIR, increased the diameter and contact angle and reduced the growth inhibition halos of the nanofibers (p < 0.01). After the incorporation of nanofibers into the dental composite, all color parameters were altered in all the experimental groups (p < 0.01). All the groups presented adequate radiopacity values. No statistical difference was observed in the contact angles of the experimental composites (p > 0.01). The lowest microbial counts were obtained in the SiO2/Ag-0.5S group; although no significant difference was observed with the control group (p < 0.01). The SiO2/Ag-1S, SiO2/Ag-0.5S, and SiO2/Ag-0.5NS groups exhibited higher microhardness after 30 d of immersion in water (p < 0.01). The surface roughness (Sa-μm) resembled that of the control at baseline, except for the SiO2/Ag-1NS group. For the baseline evaluation of flexural strength, all the experimental groups exhibited lower values than the control, except for SiO2/Ag-0.5NS and SiO2/Ag-0.5S, but after 30 d of immersion in water, there was no difference (p < 0.01). SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of 0.5% wt. of silanized nanofibers in the commercial composite (SiO2/Ag-0.5S) seemed to be promising, especially for its greater inhibition of S. mutans, adequate roughness, and flexural strength, in addition to high hardness, even after aging in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Ferreti Bonan
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, School of Dentistry, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Dentistry, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Department of Materials Engineering, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | | | - Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Department of Materials Engineering, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil.
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Sun C, Xu D, Hou C, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Zhu M. Core-shell structured SiO 2@ZrO 2@SiO 2 filler for radiopacity and ultra-low shrinkage dental composite resins. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104593. [PMID: 34090118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the interfacial problem between X-ray radiopaque ZrO2 fillers and polymer resin in dental composites, monodispersed SiO2@ZrO2@SiO2 (SZS) microspheres with narrow size distribution were prepared by a controlled sol-gel method. In the presence of SiO2 coating layer over SiO2@ZrO2 (SZ) microspheres, they were easily silanized same as SiO2 microspheres. Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) with a higher molecular weight and a lower viscosity was used as base resin monomer mixed with a low amount of diluent triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Additionally, the addition of a small amount of pore agent acetone dicarboxylic acid (ADCA) produced some voids, thereby effectively reducing the polymerization shrinkage of the resin. The prepared dental composites combining 52 wt% monodispersed silica microsphere, 20 wt% SZS microspheres, exhibited significantly enhanced capacity in radiopacity (higher than tooth enamel) and very low shrinkage (<0.1%). It also has better mechanical properties than resin composites filled with SiO2 microspheres, and its strength can meet practical applications. The properties of the radiopaque dental composite were to be further tuned by varying the amount of SZS microspheres contents, and the radiopaque resin has an advantage over the commercial one in that it is clinically nondestructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
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Nikolaidis AK, Koulaouzidou EA, Gogos C, Achilias DS. Synthesis of Novel Dental Nanocomposite Resins by Incorporating Polymerizable, Quaternary Ammonium Silane-Modified Silica Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111682. [PMID: 34064091 PMCID: PMC8196756 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse approaches dealing with the reinforcement of dental composite resins with quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) have been previously reported. This work aims to investigate the physicochemical and mechanical performance of dental resins containing silica nanofillers with novel QAC. Different types of quaternary ammonium silane compounds (QASiC) were initially synthesized and characterized with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Silica nanoparticles were surface modified with the above QASiC and the structure of silanized products (S.QASiC) was confirmed by means of FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained S.QASiC were then incorporated into methacrylate based dental resins. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a satisfactory dispersion of silica nanoclusters for most of the synthesized nanocomposites. Curing kinetics disclosed a rise in both the autoacceleration effect and degree of conversion mainly induced by shorter QASiC molecules. Polymerization shrinkage was found to be influenced by the particular type of S.QASiC. The flexural modulus and strength of composites were increased by 74% and 19%, while their compressive strength enhancement reached up to 19% by adding 22 wt% S.QASiC nanoparticles. These findings might contribute to the proper design of multifunctional dental materials able to meet the contemporary challenges in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros K. Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.K.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999616
| | - Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.K.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Gogos
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.K.); (C.G.)
| | - Dimitris S. Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer and Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Chen H, Liu H, Wang R, Jiang X, Zhu M. Size-controllable synthesis of dendritic porous silica as reinforcing fillers for dental composites. Dent Mater 2021; 37:961-971. [PMID: 33714621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Porous materials, especially porous silica particles are of great interest in different areas, and have applied in dental composites as inorganic fillers, due to their potential in constructing micromechanical interlocking at the filler-resin matrix interfaces. However, the facile and precise synthesis of hierarchical porous silica with graded sizes is still a great challenge. METHODS Here, we synthesized dendritic porous silica (DPS) with center-radial hierarchical pores and controllable size ranging from 75 to 1000nm by varying simultaneously the amounts of silica precursor and template in the microemulsion. A plausible nucleation-growth mechanism for the structural formation and the size tunability of the DPS particles was further put forward. These DPS particles were then formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin. RESULTS The particle size and morphology influenced the mechanical properties of dental composites. Particularly, DPS-500 particles (average size: 500nm) exhibited the superior reinforcing effect, giving large improvements of 32.0, 96.7, 51.9, and 225.6% for flexural strength (SF), flexural modulus (EY), compressive strength (SC), and work of fracture (WOF), respectively, over the DPS-75 filled composite. All DPS filler sized exhibited similar degree of conversions and curing depths. Furthermore, the DPS-500 filled composite presented better cytocompatibility than commercial Z250 XT. SIGNIFICANCE The facile synthesis of DPS particles developed here and the understanding of the influence of the filler size and morphology on the composite properties provide a shortcut to design porous silica with precise size control and dental composites with superior performance. These DPS particles could also have promising applications in biomedicine, catalysis, adsorption, and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Ruili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Xiaoze Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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Wang Y, Zhu M, Zhu XX. Functional fillers for dental resin composites. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:50-65. [PMID: 33290913 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) are popular materials to repair caries. Although various types of DRCs with different characteristics have been developed, restoration failures still exist. Bulk fracture and secondary caries have been considered as main causes for the failure of composites restoration. To address these problems, various fillers with specific functions have been introduced and studied. Some fillers with specific morphologies such as whisker, fiber, and nanotube, have been used to increase the mechanical properties of DRCs, and other fillers releasing ions such as Ag+, Ca2+, and F-, have been used to inhibit the secondary caries. These functional fillers are helpful to improve the performances and lifespan of DRCs. In this article, we firstly introduce the composition and development of DRCs, then review and discuss the functional fillers classified according to their roles in the DRCs, finally give a summary on the current research and predict the trend of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - X X Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Hong G, Yang J, Jin X, Wu T, Dai S, Xie H, Chen C. Mechanical Properties of Nanohybrid Resin Composites Containing Various Mass Fractions of Modified Zirconia Particles. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9891-9907. [PMID: 33328732 PMCID: PMC7733898 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various mass fractions of 10-methacry-loyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-conditioned or unconditioned zirconia nano- or micro-particles with different initiator systems on the mechanical properties of nanohybrid resin composites. METHODS Both light-cured (L) and dual-cured (D) resin composites were prepared. When the mass fraction of the nano- or micro-zirconia fillers reached 55 wt%, resin composites were equipped with dual-cured initiator systems. We measured the three-point bending-strength, elastic modulus, Weibull modulus and translucency parameter of the nanohybrid resin composites containing various mass fractions of MDP-conditioned or unconditioned zirconia nano- or micro-particles (0%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt% and 55 wt%). A Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 was used to test the cell cytotoxicity of the experimental resin composites. The zirconia nano- or micro-particles with MDP-conditioning or not were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). RESULTS Resin composites containing 5-20 wt% MDP-conditioned or unconditioned nano-zirconia fillers exhibited better three-point bending-strength than the control group without zirconia fillers. Nano- or micro-zirconia fillers decreased the translucence of the nanohybrid resin composites. According to the cytotoxicity classification, all of the nano- or micro-zirconia fillers containing experimental resin composites were considered to have no significant cell cytotoxicity. The FTIR spectra of the conditioned nano- or micro-fillers showed new absorption bands at 1719 cm-1 and 1637 cm-1, indicating the successful combination of MDP and zirconia particles. The XPS analysis measured Zr-O-P peak area on MDP-conditioned nano- and micro-zirconia fillers at 39.91% and 34.89%, respectively. CONCLUSION Nano-zirconia filler improved the mechanical properties of nanohybrid resin composites, but cannot be the main filler to replace silica filler. The experimental dual-cured composites can be resin cements with better opacity effects and a low viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoying Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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de Figueiredo EZ, de Souza Balbinot G, Castelo Branco Leitune V, Mezzomo Collares F. Niobium silicate as a filler for an experimental photopolymerizable luting agent. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 65:25-30. [PMID: 32938867 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpor_2019_420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesize niobium silicate particles (SiNb) and incorporate into resin-based luting agents. METHODS SiNb particles were synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, particle size, and specific surface area. Luting agents were formulated with 50 wt% BisGMA, 30 wt% TEGDMA and 20 wt% UDMA. BAPO was used as a photoinitiator in 1mol%. The SiNb particles were incorporated into the agents at concentrations of 50 wt% (SiNb50%) or 65% wt% (SiNb65%). Barium glass particles at the same concentrations were used as controls (SiBa50% and SiBa65%). Refractive index, degree of conversion (DC), polymerization kinetics, softening in solvent, radiopacity, film thickness, color stability, flexural strength (FS) and micro shear bond strength (µSBS) were evaluated. RESULTS SiNb particles were successfully synthesized with an adequate structure to be applied as inorganic fillers. SiNb groups had higher DC, lower %ΔKHN, greater film thickness and greater radiopacity than the SiBa groups. Color stability was greater for SiNb50% and SiNb65% after six months of storage, as demonstrated by ΔE00. ΔWID values were lower for the SiBa groups. FS results decreased over time, and lower values were found for SiNb. In µSBS, the values of SiNb65% were higher at 24 h (45.22 MPa) and at six months (36.83 MPa), with statistically differences from values for the SiBa groups. CONCLUSIONS SiNb particles were successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method, and their incorporation into luting agents at a concentration of up to 65% improved the physicomechanical characteristics and color stability of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zancanaro de Figueiredo
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492/4th floor, Porto Alegre, RS
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492/4th floor, Porto Alegre, RS
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492/4th floor, Porto Alegre, RS
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492/4th floor, Porto Alegre, RS
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Yang J, Shen J, Wu X, He F, Xie H, Chen C. Effects of nano-zirconia fillers conditioned with phosphate ester monomers on the conversion and mechanical properties of Bis-GMA- and UDMA-based resin composites. J Dent 2020; 94:103306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Dai S, Chen Y, Yang J, He F, Chen C, Xie H. Surface Treatment Of Nanozirconia Fillers To Strengthen Dental Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate-Based Resin Composites. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9185-9197. [PMID: 32063705 PMCID: PMC6884999 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s223392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of nanozirconia fillers conditioned with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) with or without zirconium hydroxide precoating on bending strength, Vickers hardness, and translucence of dental resin composites. Methods We obtained nanozirconia fillers coated with different concentrations of Zr(OH)4 using wet-chemical synthesis. We analyzed coating quality by observing electron-diffraction patterns using transmission electron microscopy. We conditioned zirconia fillers, with or without prior Zr(OH)4-coating, using MDP-containing primers and evaluated the formation of chemical bonds using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We then performed three-point bending-strength tests, Weibull analysis, Vickers hardness, and translucence-parameter analysis with or without addition of different concentrations of zirconia using untreated zirconia fillers as controls. Results We achieved desirable Zr(OH)4 coating using 5 mmol/L zirconium chloride. NMR and XPS analysis detected stronger Zr–O–P peaks on MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with prior Zr(OH)4-coating compared with MDP-conditioned fillers alone, suggesting that MDP bonding with zirconia was enhanced by zirconium hydroxide. Our three-point bending-strength tests revealed that increasing levels of untreated zirconia fillers decreased the three-point bending strength of the resin composites, while MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with or without prior Zr(OH)4 coating improved three-point bending strengths. Adding 5 wt% and 7.5 wt% MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with prior Zr(OH)4 coating achieved the highest three-point bending strength. Furthermore, addition of zirconia fillers decreased the translucence of silica-based resin composites. Conclusion MDP conditioning with prior Zr(OH)4 coating is recommended for treating nanozirconia fillers of resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Dai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxue Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Velo MMAC, Nascimento TRL, Scotti CK, Bombonatti JFS, Furuse AY, Silva VD, Simões TA, Medeiros ES, Blaker JJ, Silikas N, Mondelli RFL. Improved mechanical performance of self-adhesive resin cement filled with hybrid nanofibers-embedded with niobium pentoxide. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e272-e285. [PMID: 31519351 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study hybrid nanofibers embedded with niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) were synthesized, incorporated in self-adhesive resin cement, and their influence on physical-properties was evaluated. METHODS Poly(D,L-lactide), PDLLA cotton-wool-like nanofibers with and without silica-based sol-gel precursors were formulated and spun into submicron fibers via solution blow spinning, a rapid fiber forming technology. The morphology, chemical composition and thermal properties of the spun fibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Produced fibers were combined with a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE) in four formulations: (1) U200 resin cement (control); (2) U200+1wt.% PDLLA fibers; (3) U200+1wt.% Nb2O5-filled PDLLA composite fibers and (4) U200+1wt.% Nb2O5/SiO2-filled PDLLA inorganic-organic hybrid fibers. Physical properties were assessed in flexure by 3-point bending (n=10), Knoop microhardness (n=5) and degree of conversion (n=3). Data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α=5%). RESULTS Composite fibers formed of PDLLA-Nb2O5 exhibited an average diameter of ∼250nm, and hybrid PDLLA+Nb2O5/SiO2 fibers were slightly larger, ∼300nm in diameter. There were significant differences among formulations for hardness and flexural strength (p<0.05). Degree of conversion of resin cement was not affected for all groups, except for Group 4 (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Hybrid reinforcement nanofibers are promising as fillers for dental materials. The self-adhesive resin cement with PDLLA+Nb2O5 and PDLLA+Nb2O5/SiO2 presented superior mechanical performance than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia M A C Velo
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana R L Nascimento
- Materials and Biosystems Laboratory (LAMAB), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMat), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil; Bio-Active Materials Group, Department of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cassiana K Scotti
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Adilson Y Furuse
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius D Silva
- Materials and Biosystems Laboratory (LAMAB), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMat), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Simões
- Materials and Biosystems Laboratory (LAMAB), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMat), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Eliton S Medeiros
- Materials and Biosystems Laboratory (LAMAB), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMat), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jonny J Blaker
- Bio-Active Materials Group, Department of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Yang DL, Sun Q, Duan YH, Niu H, Wang RL, Wang D, Zhu MF, Wang JX. Efficient Construction of SiO2 Colloidal Nanoparticle Clusters as Novel Fillers by a Spray-Drying Process for Dental Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rui-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | | | - Mei-Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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30
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Chen H, Wang R, Zhang J, Hua H, Zhu M. Synthesis of core-shell structured ZnO@m-SiO2 with excellent reinforcing effect and antimicrobial activity for dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1846-1855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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31
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Cao W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Q, Xiao Y, Li P, Wang L, Ye Z, Xing X. Novel resin-based dental material with anti-biofilm activity and improved mechanical property by incorporating hydrophilic cationic copolymer functionalized nanodiamond. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:162. [PMID: 30357538 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing clinical need to design dental restorative materials that combine excellent mechanical property and anti-biofilm activity. In the current study, photocurable polycation functionalized nanodiamond (QND) was synthesized and proposed as novel filler for dental resins. By reason of increased repulsive force between nanoparticles and enhanced compatibility with resin matrix, QND dispersed uniformly in reinforced resins, which would help to transfer stress and deformation from the matrix to fillers more efficiently, resulting in a significant improvement in mechanical properties. Notably, the Vickers's hardness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of resins containing 1.0 wt% QND were 44.5, 36.1 and 41.3% higher than that of control, respectively. The antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) showed that QND-incorporated resins produced anti-adhesive property due to their hydrophilic surfaces and could suppress bacterial growth as a result of the contact-killing effect of embedded nanocomposites. As the synergistic effect of anti-adhesive and bactericidal performance, resins loading 1.0~1.5 wt% QNDs displayed excellent anti-biofilm activity. Meanwhile, the results of macrophage cytotoxicity showed that the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells remained 84.3%, even at a concentration of 1.0 wt% QNDs after 7-day incubation. Therefore, the QND-containing dental resin with the combination of high mechanical property, bacteria-repellent capability and antibacterial performance holds great potential as a restorative material based on this scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | | | - Xi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Peili Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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32
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Habib E, Wang R, Zhu X. Correlation of resin viscosity and monomer conversion to filler particle size in dental composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1501-1508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Yang DL, Xiao J, Wang D, Lin WM, Pu Y, Zeng XF, Le Y, Wang JX. Controllable Preparation of Monodisperse Silica Nanoparticles Using Internal Circulation Rotating Packed Bed for Dental Restorative Composite Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Evaluation of the filler packing structures in dental resin composites: From theory to practice. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1014-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Photo-calorimetry method optimization for the study of light-initiated radical polymerization of dental resins. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Wang R, Habib E, Zhu X. Synthesis of wrinkled mesoporous silica and its reinforcing effect for dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1139-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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