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Algamaiah H, Alshabib A, Algomaiah M, Yang J, Watts DC. Diversity of short-term DC outcomes in bulk-fill RBCs subjected to a 3 s high-irradiance protocol. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00256-2. [PMID: 39227233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the short-term (5 min) initial effects of a high-irradiance light-curing (LC) protocol on light transmission (LT%), radiant exposure (RE) and degree of conversion (DC%) of different bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Six bulk-fill composites with different viscosities were investigated: OBF (One Bulk Fill, 3 M), EB (Estelite bulkfill,Tokuyama), PFill, PFlow, ECeram and EFlow (PowerFill, Poweflow, Tetric EvoCeram bulkfill, Tetric Evoflow bulkfill, Ivoclar), subjected to different LC protocols: one ultra-high-intensity (3 W/cm2 -3 s via PowerCure LCU) and two conventional (1.2 W/cm2 -10 s and 20 s via PowerCure and Elipar S10 LCUs). Specimens (n = 5) were polymerized within their molds (ϕ5 mm × 4 mm depth) to determine LT% and RE at 4 mm using a MARC-LC spectrometer. For real-time DC% measurements by FTIR, similar molds were utilized. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests at 5 % significance. RESULTS Regardless of the applied LC protocols, OBF and low-viscosity RBCs (EB, PFlow and EFlow) had the lowest and highest LT%, RE, DC% and RPmax, respectively. RE results of all RBCs were in the same sequence: Elipar-20 s > PCure-10 s > PCure-3 s. DC% of PFill and PFlow displayed no significant difference between the applied LC protocols (p > 0.05). The polymerization kinetic in all materials was well described by an exponential sum function (r2 varied between 0.85 and 0.98), showing a faster polymerization with the PCure-3 s protocol. SIGNIFICANCE The measurement of LT% and DC% at 5 min gave an insight into the developing polymerization process. The initial response of these bulk-fill composite to a high-irradiation protocol varied depending on their composition and viscosity, being faster for low viscosity materials. Nevertheless, even though multiple resin composites are designed to be efficient during photopolymerization, care should be taken when selecting materials/curing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muadh Algomaiah
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David C Watts
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, UK.
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Dos Santos DB, Romano BDC, Pecorari VGA, Price RB, Giannini M. Effect of high irradiance and short exposure times on the depth of cure of six bulk-fill resin composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12990. [PMID: 38698528 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of high irradiance and short exposure times on the depth of cure of six resin-based composites (RBCs). Bluephase PowerCure and the Valo X light-curing units (LCUs) were used to photocure bulk-fill RBCs for their recommended exposure times: Admira Fusion x-tra (AFX/20s), Aura Bulk Fill (ABF/20s), Filtek One Bulk Fill (FOB/20s), Opus Bulk Fill APS (OBF/30s), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC/10s) and Tetric PowerFill (TPF/10s). In addition, all bulk-fill RBCs were tested for depth of cure with one short 3 s exposure time from the Bluephase PowerCure or the Valo X in the Xtra Power mode. The RBCs (n = 10 per RBC) were inserted into a 4 mm diameter metal mold and covered by a polyester strip before being photocured. After 24 h of storage, uncured RBC was scraped away to determine the depth of cure of the RBCs. None of the RBCs achieved a 4 mm depth of cure. The depth of cure of TEC and TPF was unaffected by the exposure times (recommended or short) when using the Valo X. The depth of cure of AFX/20s, AFX/Xtra Power, ABF/Xtra Power, FOB/Xtra Power, and OBF/30s RBCs was greater when using Valo X compared to the Bluephase PowerCure. It was concluded that short exposure times can reduce depth of cure and should only be used for some RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Giannini
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Ribeiro M, Maucoski C, Price RB, Soares CJ. Effect of a 3-second Off-label Exposure on the Depth of Cure of Eight Resin-based Composites. Oper Dent 2024; 49:421-431. [PMID: 38978305 DOI: 10.2341/23-155-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the depth of cure (DoC) of eight resin-based composites (RBCs) photocured using one multipeak light-curing unit (LCU) on the standard output setting for the manufacturer's RBC recommended exposure time and at a higher irradiance for 3 seconds. METHODS Three conventional RBCs: Tetric EvoCeram (Evo), Tetric N-Ceram (Cer), Tetric Prime (Pri); and five bulk-fill: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (CerBF), Opus Bulk Fill APS (OpusBF), Opus Bulk Fill Flow APS (OpusF), Tetric PowerFill (PFill) and Tetric PowerFlow (PFlow) were examined. Only PFill and PFlow are formulated to be photocured in 3 seconds. The RBCs were packed into a metal mold and photocured using a Bluephase PowerCure LCU for the RBC manufacturer's recommended exposure time on the standard mode and using the 3-second high irradiance mode. After photocuring, the specimens were immersed in a solvent for 1 hour. The length of the remaining RBC was measured and divided by 2. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test (α=0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the DoC values for PFill and PFlow when photocured using the 3-second high irradiance protocol compared to the lower irradiance standard mode protocol. All other RBCs had significantly lower DoC values (p<0.001) when photocured off-label using the 3-second high irradiance mode. CONCLUSION Of the eight RBCs tested, only PFill and PFlow achieved the same DoC when the high irradiance 3-second curing method was used compared to when their longer lower irradiance protocol was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mth Ribeiro
- Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C Maucoski
- Cristiane Maucoski, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R B Price
- Richard Bengt Price, DDS, MS, PhD, professor, Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - C J Soares
- *Carlos José Soares, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Biomechanics Research Center, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bardocz-Veres Z, Miklós ML, Biró EK, Kántor ÉA, Kántor J, Dudás C, Kerekes-Máthé B. New Perspectives in Overcoming Bulk-Fill Composite Polymerization Shrinkage: The Impact of Curing Mode and Layering. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:171. [PMID: 38920872 PMCID: PMC11202601 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different light curing modes on the polymerization shrinkage of a bulk-fill composite and to evaluate the impact of two layering techniques on the cuspal deflection. METHODS Nine different light curing modes were tested on bulk-fill composite samples in aluminum MOD cavities. Intensity, duration, and illumination distance were the factors that changed during the different curing modes. The digital image correlation method was used to visually represent the displacement of carbon particles on the materials' surface caused by shrinkage along both the horizontal and vertical axes. For simulating cuspal deflection, a separate protocol was used, with a bulk and horizontal layering technique. RESULTS The results showed that the largest horizontal displacements were present in the soft start group (6.00 ± 0.82 µm) and in the X-tra power group (5.67 ± 1.21 µm). The smallest horizontal displacements were detected in normal curing modes (4.00 ± 1.58 µm; 4.00 ± 2.68 µm). The largest vertical displacements, at the bottom layer, were present in the normal curing mode group with a 20 s curing time (5.22 ± 1.56 µm), while the smallest vertical displacements were shown in the X-tra power group (2.89 ± 0.60 µm). The observed particle displacements showing the shrinkage of the composite were correlated with the curing mode. The bulk-fill group showed less cuspal deflection than the horizontal layering group did, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.575). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that lower intensities of curing lights (1200 mW/cm2) may perform better from the point of view of material shrinkage than high and extreme light intensities do. The pulse delay mode might be recommended in the case of bulk-fill materials. The number of layers did not significantly affect the cuspal deflection in the case of the studied composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Bardocz-Veres
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (Z.B.-V.)
| | - Mátyás Levente Miklós
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (Z.B.-V.)
| | - Edina-Kata Biró
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (Z.B.-V.)
| | - Éva Andrea Kántor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Târgu-Mureş/Corunca, Calea Sighișoarei nr. 2., 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania (J.K.)
| | - József Kántor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Târgu-Mureş/Corunca, Calea Sighișoarei nr. 2., 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania (J.K.)
| | - Csaba Dudás
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (Z.B.-V.)
| | - Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (Z.B.-V.)
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Thanoon H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Effect of polymerisation protocols on water sorption, solubility and hygroscopic expansion of fast-cure bulk-fill composite. Dent Mater 2024; 40:951-957. [PMID: 38734487 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effect of two light-curing protocols from a LED polywave light curing unit (LCU) on water sorption, solubility, and hygroscopic expansion of fast and conventional bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) aged in distilled water for 120 d. METHODS Three bulk-fill RBCs materials were studied: Tetric PowerFill® (fast photo-polymerised composite) (TPF), Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill (EVO), and GrandioSo x-tra bulk-fill (GSO) (conventional photo-polymerised composites). Specimens were prepared within a 3D-printed resin mold (8-mm diameter x 4-mm height) and light-cured from one side only with 2 modes of polywave LCU (Bluephase® PowerCure): 3 s mode and for 20 s in "Standard" mode. Water sorption and solubility were measured at fixed time intervals for 120 d of distilled water storage, then reconditioned to dry to measure desorption for 75 d, all at 37 ± 1 °C. Hygroscopic (volumetric) expansion was recorded at the same time intervals up to 120 d. Data were analysed through SPSS using Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Tukey's post-hoc correction tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS TPF, when irradiated for 3 s demonstrated minimal water sorption (0.83%), solubility (1.01 μg/mm3), and least volumetric expansion (1.64%) compared to EVO and GSO. While EVO showed the highest water sorption (1.03%) and solubility (1.95 μg/mm3) at 3 s. GSO had the lowest sorption (0.67%) and (0.56%) in 3 s and 20 s protocols, respectively. Nevertheless, all the sorption and solubility data were within the ISO 4049 limits. SIGNIFICANCE For TPF, fast (3 s) polymerisation did not increase either water sorption or solubility, compared with 20 s irradiation. However, with the two comparative bulk-fill composites, fast cure increased water sorption by 15-25% and more than doubled solubility. These findings were consistent with the lesser volumetric expansions observed for Tetric PowerFill at both the fast and standard protocols, indicating its relative stability across polymerisation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halah Thanoon
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Castro-Ramirez L, Espinoza-Salcedo M, Huamani-Echaccaya J, Ladera-Castañeda M, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Hernández-Huamaní E, Aroste-Andía R, Gavilán-Chávez P, Cayo-Rojas C. Effect of Polywave and Monowave Light Curing Units on the Microtensile Bond Strength and Failure Types of Different Bulk-Fill Resin Composites: An in vitro Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:153-165. [PMID: 38808075 PMCID: PMC11131952 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s465226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polywave and monowave light-emitting diode curing units on the microtensile bond strength and failure types of three bulk-fill resin composites. Materials and Methods This in vitro experimental study was performed on 180 microbars obtained from human third molars and were distributed into 12 groups according to the type of bulk-fill resin composite and the light-curing unit. Third molars were restored using Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill, and Opus Bulk Fill resin composites was light-cured with Elipar Deep Cure L and Valo in three modes: standard, high power, and extra power. Subsequently, microtensile analysis was carried out with a universal testing machine and the type of failure with an optical stereomicroscope. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used, with the Bonferroni post hoc test and Fisher's exact test, considering a significance of p<0.05. Results There were significant differences in the microtensile bond strength between the Filtek One Bulk Fill restorative and Opus Bulk-Fill (p = 0.042) when light was cured with the polywave unit at standard power. On the other hand, the Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative and Opus Bulk Fill resins showed significant differences in microtensile bond strength when light was cured with the monowave unit compared with the polywave unit (p<0.05). Conclusion The presence of alternative photoinitiator systems that are more reactive than camphorquinone produced higher microtensile bond strength in Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill and Opus Bulk Fill resins when light-cured with a high and standard polywave unit, respectively, compared to Filtek One Bulk Fill resins. Finally, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill and Opus Bulk Fill resins had the highest percentage of mixed failures, while Filtek One Bulk Fill resin had adhesive failures, which was related to its lower microtensile bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Castro-Ramirez
- Postgraduate School, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Research Team “Salud Pública – Salud Integral”, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Rosa Aroste-Andía
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru
| | | | - César Cayo-Rojas
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
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Miranda SB, Lins RBE, Santi MR, Denucci GC, Silva CCS, da Silva SDFF, Marques DDAV, Montes MAJR. Effect of Rapid High-Intensity Light-Curing on Increasing Transdentinal Temperature and Cell Viability: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1466. [PMID: 38891413 PMCID: PMC11175155 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated effects of rapid high-intensity light-curing (3 s) on increasing transdentinal temperature and cell viability. METHODS A total of 40 dentin discs (0.5 mm) obtained from human molars were prepared, included in artificial pulp chambers (4.5 × 5 mm), and subjected to four light-curing protocols (n = 5), with a Valo Grand light curing unit: (i) 10 s protocol with a moderate intensity of 1000 mW/cm2 (Valo-10 s); (ii) 3 s protocol with a high intensity of 3200 mW/cm2 (Valo-3 s); (iii) adhesive system + Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow bulk-fill composite resin in 10 s (FBF-10 s); (iv) adhesive system + Tetric PowerFlow bulk-fill composite resin in 3 s (TPF-3 s). Transdentinal temperature changes were recorded with a type K thermocouple. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for comparison between experimental groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS The 3 s high-intensity light-curing protocol generated a higher temperature than the 10 s moderate-intensity standard (p < 0.001). The Valo-10 s and Valo-3 s groups demonstrated greater cell viability than the FBF-10s and TPF-3 s groups and statistical differences were observed between the Valo-3 s and FBF-10 s groups (p = 0.023) and Valo-3 s and TPF-3 s (p = 0.025), with a potential cytotoxic effect for the FBF-10 s and TPF-3 s groups. CONCLUSIONS The 3 s rapid high-intensity light-curing protocol of bulk-fill composite resins caused a temperature increase greater than 10 s and showed cell viability similar to and comparable to the standard protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Rodrigues Santi
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Giovanna Corrêa Denucci
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Cleyton Cézar Souto Silva
- Department of Clinical Nurse, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58058-600, Paraíba, Brazil;
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Guarneri JAG, Chima MVA, Assis DG, Rueggeberg FA, Arrais CAG. Influence of light exposure techniques on in vitro pulp temperature rise during bulk fill composite Class I restorations. Odontology 2024; 112:479-488. [PMID: 37938400 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This in vitro study assessed peak temperature and temperature increase (ΔT) within the pulp chamber during different extended photoactivation techniques (EPT-applying similar radiant exposure values) to resin-based composites (RBCs) placed in a Class I cavity preparation in an extracted human lower third molar. A T-type thermocouple was placed in the pulp chamber and connected to a temperature analysis device (Thermes, Physitemp). The tooth was attached to an assembly simulating the in vivo environment (controlled baseline pulp chamber temperature and fluid flow). The real-time pulp chamber temperature was evaluated throughout the photoactivation (Bluephase N, Ivoclar Vivadent) of two bulk-fill RBCs: Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (TBF; shade: IVA; Ivoclar Vivadent); Surefill SDR flow + (SDR, shade: Universal; Dentsply Sirona), which were exposed to different curing techniques: 40 s-occlusal surface; 20 s-occlusal + 10 s-buccal + 10 s-lingual surfaces; 10 s-buccal + 10 s + lingual + 20 s-occlusal surfaces. Each EPT delivered 42.4 J/cm2. Vickers hardness (VHN) was measured on the removed, sectioned RBC restorations at the top and bottom middle areas after curing. ΔT and VHN data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Peak temperature data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). SDR showed higher ΔT values than TBF (p = 0.008) in some EPTs. Neither technique resulted in ΔT values greater than 5.5 °C. Both composites had acceptable bottom/top hardness ratios (greater than 80%), regardless of the photoactivation technique. The evaluated EPTs may be considered safe as a low-temperature increase was noticed within the pulp chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Anany Gonzales Guarneri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti St., 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Victoria Arteaga Chima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti St., 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gomes Assis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti St., 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Frederick Allen Rueggeberg
- Dental Materials Section, Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Room GC 4344, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Drive, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Cesar Augusto Galvão Arrais
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, General Carlos Cavalcanti St., 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Parana, 84030-900, Brazil.
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Thanoon H, Price RB, Watts DC. Thermography and conversion of fast-cure composite photocured with quad-wave and laser curing lights compared to a conventional curing light. Dent Mater 2024; 40:546-556. [PMID: 38326211 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated effects of the different emittance-mode protocols from three light curing units (LCUs): (i) a Laser (Monet); (ii) a quad-wave (PinkWave); (iii) a conventional LED (Elipar S10) on the temperature rise (ΔT) and degree of conversion (DC) when photo-curing fast or conventional bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBC). The aim was to correlate ΔT and DC, and the radiant exposure delivered to RBC specimens. METHODS A 3D-printed resin mold of 4 mm depth was filled with two bulk-fill RBCs: Tetric PowerFill® (fast photo-polymerised composite) (TPF) or Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk-Fill (EVO). Three LCUs were used: (i) Monet laser for 1 s and 3 s (MONET-1 s, MONET-3 s); (ii) PinkWave quad-wave used for 3 s in Boost mode (PW-3 s) and for 20 s in standard mode (PW-20 s); (iii) Elipar S10 for 5 s (S10-5 s) and for 20 s in standard mode (S10-20 s). 2-dimensional temperature maps were obtained before, during and for 60 s after the LCU had turned off using a thermal imaging camera. Thermal changes were analysed at five depths: (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm from the top surface of the RBC). The maximum temperature rise (Tmax) and the mean temperature rise (ΔT) were determined. Cylindrical-shaped specimens were prepared from each material using a stainless-steel split mold (4 × 4 mm) and light-cured with the same protocols. The DC was measured for 120 s and at 1 h after LCU had turned off using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Data were analysed using Three-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Radiant exposures delivered by the various irradiation protocols were between 4.5-30.3 J/cm2. Short exposure times from MONET-1 s and PW-3 s delivered the lowest radiant exposures (4.5 and 5.2 J/cm2, respectively) and produced the lowest ΔT and DC. The longer exposure times in the standard modes of PW-20 s, S10-20 s, and MONET-3 s produced the highest Tmax, ΔT, and DC for both composites. The ΔT range among composites at different depths varied significantly (31.7-49.9 °C). DC of TPF ranged between 30-65% and in EVO between 15.3-56%. TPF had higher Tmax, ΔT for all depths and DC compared to EVO, across the LCU protocols (p < 0.05), except for PW-20 s and MONET-3 s. The coronal part of the restorations (1-2 mm) had the highest ΔT. There was a positive correlation between ΔT and DC at 4-mm depth after 120 s SIGNIFICANCE: Longer, or standard, exposure times of the LCUs delivered greater radiant exposures and had higher DC and ΔT compared to shorter or high-irradiance protocols. The fast photo-polymerised RBC had comparatively superior thermal and conversion outcomes when it received a high irradiance for a short time (1-5 s) compared to the conventional Bulk-Fill RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halah Thanoon
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Richard B Price
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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da Silva EM, Amaral CM, Jardim RN, Barbosa MP, Rabello TB. Influence of Specimen Dimension, Water Immersion Protocol, and Surface Roughness on Water Sorption and Solubility of Resin-Based Restorative Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:984. [PMID: 38473457 DOI: 10.3390/ma17050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of water sorption and solubility is pivotal for the development of new resin-based restorative materials with the potential for clinical application. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the specimen dimension, water immersion protocol, and surface roughness on the water sorption and solubility of three resin-based restorative materials. Disk-shaped specimens of 15 mm × 1 mm, 10 mm × 1 mm, and 6 mm × 1 mm were produced with a composite resin (Z100), a resin cement (RelyX ARC), and an adhesive system (Single Bond 2-SB2). The specimens were immersed in distilled water according to four protocols: ISO (all the specimens for each group were vertically immersed in 50 mL); IV-10 (the specimens were individually and vertically immersed in 10 mL); IH-10 (the specimens were individually and horizontally immersed in 10 mL); and IH-2 (the specimens were individually and horizontally immersed in 2 mL). The surface roughness (Sa and Sp) was evaluated using an atomic force microscope, and the degree of conversion was determined using FT-IR spectrometry. The specimen dimension and water immersion protocol had no effect on water sorption and solubility. For the three resin-based restorative materials, Sp was higher than Sa. The degree of conversion was not influenced by the specimen dimension. The variations in the specimen dimension and water immersion protocol compared to those determined by ISO 4049 did not prevent the comparison between the values of water sorption and solubility obtained for a given resin-based restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Mariote Amaral
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Renata Nunes Jardim
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Marianna Pires Barbosa
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Tiago Braga Rabello
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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11
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Bilgili Can D, Özarslan M. 3D-2D microleakage assessment of preheated bulk-fill composite resin applied with different parameters: a micro-CT analysis. Odontology 2023; 111:942-952. [PMID: 36973535 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated microleakage from class II cavities filled with bulk-fill composite preheated to different temperatures, applied at different thicknesses, and with different polymerization modes. A total of 60 mesio-occlusal cavity were drilled into the extracted human third molars at 2 mm and 4 mm thickness. Preheated bulk-fill composite resin (Viscalor; VOCO, Germany) was applied to the cavities at 68 °C and 37 °C after the adhesive resin was applied, and cured using standard and high-power light-curing modes of a VALO light-curing unit. An incrementally applied microhybrid composite was used as the control. The teeth were subjected to 2000 cycles of heating to 55 °C and cooling to 5 °C with a 30-s hold time. Then, they were immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h and scanned with micro-computed tomography. Scanned data were processed using the CTAn software. Two (2D) and three (3D) dimensional analyses of leached silver nitrate were performed. The data's normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test before comparisons using a three-way analysis of variance. In both 2D and 3D analysis, bulk-fill composite resin preheated to 68 °C and applied at 2 mm thickness showed less microleakage. In the 3D analysis, restorations applied at 37 °C and 4 mm thickness in high-power mode showed significantly higher values (p < 0.001). Preheated bulk-fill composite resin can be applied at 68 °C and effectively cured at both 2 mm and 4 mm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilber Bilgili Can
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65080, Turkey.
| | - Merve Özarslan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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12
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carvalho Ó, Catarino SO, Henriques B, Torres O, Braem A, Souza JCM. Effect of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through traditional or flowable resin-matrix composites for restorative dentistry. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5679-5693. [PMID: 37592003 PMCID: PMC10492747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the light transmission through five different resin-matrix composites regarding the inorganic filler content. METHODS Resin-matrix composite disc-shaped specimens were prepared on glass molds. Three traditional resin-matrix composites contained inorganic fillers at 74, 80, and 89 wt. % while two flowable composites revealed 60 and 62.5 wt. % inorganic fillers. Light transmission through the resin-matrix composites was assessed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light curing for 10, 20, or 40s. Elastic modulus and nanohardness were evaluated through nanoindentation's tests, while Vicker's hardness was measured by micro-hardness assessment. Chemical analyses were performed by FTIR and EDS, while microstructural analysis was conducted by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS After polymerization, optical transmittance increased for all specimens above 650-nm wavelength irradiation since higher light exposure time leads to increased light transmittance. At 20- or 40-s irradiation, similar light transmittance was recorded for resin composites with 60, 62, 74, or 78-80 wt. % inorganic fillers. The lowest light transmittance was recorded for a resin-matrix composite reinforced with 89 wt. % inorganic fillers. Thus, the size of inorganic fillers ranged from nano- up to micro-scale dimensions and the high content of micro-scale inorganic particles can change the light pathway and decrease the light transmittance through the materials. At 850-nm wavelength, the average ratio between polymerized and non-polymerized specimens increased by 1.6 times for the resin composite with 89 wt. % fillers, while the composites with 60 wt. % fillers revealed an increased ratio by 3.5 times higher than that recorded at 600-nm wavelength. High mean values of elastic modulus, nano-hardness, and micro-hardness were recorded for the resin-matrix composites with the highest inorganic content. CONCLUSIONS A high content of inorganic fillers at 89 wt.% decreased the light transmission through resin-matrix composites. However, certain types of fillers do not interfere on the light transmission, maintaining an optimal polymerization and the physical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization mode. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised, leading to variable physical properties and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), SC, 88040-900, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Orlanda Torres
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Jabbour Z, Kim M, Hayashi M, Kim R. Phosphoric Acid Etch Partially Restores the Initial Bond Strength of Composite to Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Enamel Using Universal Adhesives. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:161. [PMID: 37504227 PMCID: PMC10378314 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoring bonding composite to silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated enamel is challenging. This study investigates if phosphoric acid etch restores composite bond strength to SDF-treated enamel using universal adhesives. METHODS Twenty-four recently extracted permanent teeth were randomly divided into 4 (2 experimental (SDF) and 2 control (CTR)) groups: SDF+Water: SDF (1 min) then water rinse (15 mL); CTR+Water: no treatment and water rinse (15 mL); SDF+Etch+Water: SDF (1 min), 35% phosphoric acid (40 s) then water rinse (15 mL); CTR+Etch+Water no treatment, 35% phosphoric acid (40 s) then water rinse (15 mL). The enamel surface in all the groups was bonded (All-Bond Universal) to 4-5 mm composite blocks (Z-250). Each sample was sectioned, and 6-8 beams (1 mm × 1 mm) were selected. The micro-tensile bond strength was measured by dividing the micro-tensile force peak by the adhesive surface area. Univariate ANOVA and Chi-square were used for between-group comparisons with p < 0.05. RESULTS SDF+Water had significantly lower tensile strength compared to all the groups (p < 0.05). Although no difference was found in the tensile strength between the SDF+Etch+Water and the CTR+Etch+Water, the SDF+Etch+Water had significantly more adhesive failures compared to the CTR+Etch+Water (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS While phosphoric acid etch seems to restore the initial composite bond strength to SDF-treated enamel, the long-term success of composite restorations bonded to SDF-treated enamel may need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher Jabbour
- Section of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mijoo Kim
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Hayashi
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben Kim
- Restorative Materials Research Laboratory, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Lau XE, Liu X, Chua H, Wang WJ, Dias M, Choi JJE. Heat generated during dental treatments affecting intrapulpal temperature: a review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2277-2297. [PMID: 37022531 PMCID: PMC10159962 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heat is generated and transferred to the dentine-pulp complex during various dental procedures, such as from friction during cavity preparations, exothermic reactions during the polymerisation of restorative materials and when polishing restorations. For in vitro studies, detrimental effects are possible when intra-pulpal temperature increases by more than 5.5°C (that is, the intra-pulpal temperature exceeds 42.4°C). This excessive heat transfer results in inflammation and necrosis of the pulp. Despite numerous studies stating the importance of heat transfer and control during dental procedures, there are limited studies that have quantified the significance. Past studies incorporated an experimental setup where a thermocouple is placed inside the pulp of an extracted human tooth and connected to an electronic digital thermometer. METHODS This review identified the opportunity for future research and develop both the understanding of various influencing factors on heat generation and the different sensor systems to measure the intrapulpal temperature. CONCLUSION Various steps of dental restorative procedures have the potential to generate considerable amounts of heat which can permanently damage the pulp, leading to pulp necrosis, discoloration of the tooth and eventually tooth loss. Thus, measures should be undertaken to limit pulp irritation and injury during procedures. This review highlighted the gap for future research and a need for an experimental setup which can simulate pulp blood flow, temperature, intraoral temperature and intraoral humidity to accurately simulate the intraoral conditions and record temperature changes during various dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Er Lau
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Helene Chua
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Jingwen Wang
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Maykon Dias
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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Lempel E, Szebeni D, Őri Z, Kiss T, Szalma J, Lovász BV, Kunsági-Máté S, Böddi K. The effect of high-irradiance rapid polymerization on degree of conversion, monomer elution, polymerization shrinkage and porosity of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:442-453. [PMID: 36918332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to compare the degree of conversion (DC), monomer elution (ME), polymerization shrinkage (PS) and porosity of two addition-fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) modified resin-based composites (RBC) light-cured with rapid- (RP), turbo- (TP) or conventional polymerization (CP) settings. METHODS Cylindrical samples (6-mm wide, 4-mm thick) were prepared from Tetric PowerFill (TPF) and Filtek One Bulk (FOB). Four groups were established according to the polymerization settings: 3s-RP, 5s-TP, 10s-CP and 20s-CP. Samples in 1 mm thickness with 20s-CP settings served as controls. The DC at the top and bottom surfaces was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. ME was detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. PS and porosity were analyzed by micro-computed tomography. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, multivariate analysis and partial eta-squared statistics were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS FOB showed higher DC values (61.5-77.5 %) at the top compared to TPF (43.5-67.8 %). At the bottom TPF samples achieved higher DCs (39.9-58.5 %) than FOB (18.21-66.18 %). Extending the curing time increased DC (except the top of FOB) and decreased ME. BisGMA release was the highest among the detected monomers from both RBCs. The amount was three-fold more from TPF. The factor Material and Exposure significantly influenced DC and ME. PS (1.8-2.5 %) did not differ among the groups and RBCs except for the lowest value of TPF cured with the 3s_RP setting (p = 0.03). FOB showed 4.5-fold lower porosity (p < 0.001). Significantly higher pore volume was detected after polymerization in 3s_RP (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE High-irradiance rapid 3-s curing of AFCT modified RBCs resulted in inferior results for some important material properties. A longer exposure time is recommended in a clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary.
| | - Donát Szebeni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 6, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Honvéd Street 1, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
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Yang J, Silikas N, Watts DC. Polymerization and shrinkage kinetics and fracture toughness of bulk-fill resin-composites. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1934-1941. [PMID: 38709119 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine degree of conversion (DC), maximum polymerization rate (RPmax), polymerization shrinkage (PS), maximum shrinkage rate (PS Rmax) and fracture toughness (KIC) of different types of bulk-fill (BF) composites plus the effect of viscosity reduction techniques. METHODS BF specimens were created in 2 mm deep molds: SonicFill 3 (SF3), Viscalor (VC), One Bulk Fill (OBF) and Beautifil Bulk (BBR). SF3 was applied via sonic insertion using a SonicFill handpiece (Kerr Corp. USA). Viscalor was pre-heated in a Caps Warmer in T3 mode (at 68 °C) for 30 s (T3-30 s) and 3 min (T3-3 min), respectively. Specimens were irradiated at zero distance from the upper surface with an Elipar S10 LED unit (3 M ESPE, USA) of mean irradiance 1200 mW/cm2 for 40 s. Real-time polymerization kinetics and DC at 5 min and 24 h post-irradiation (DC5 min and DC24 h) were measured using ATR-FTIR (n = 3). PS was measured up to 1 h on 1 mm thick discs via the bonded-disk technique (n = 3) and PS Rmax obtained by numerical differentiation (n = 3). For fracture toughness, single-edge-notched specimens (32 × 6 ×3 mm) of each BF composite were prepared and measured by three-point bending after 7 d water storage (n = 5). Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA, independent T-tests and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS SF3 showed the significantly highest DC5 min, DC24 h and RPmax (p < 0.05), followed by OBF (p < 0.05). Regardless of pre-heating, VC showed comparable conversion kinetics to BBR (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in PS of these BF composites, except OBF had the highest PS (p > 0.05). However, PS Rmax significantly varied among materials (p = 0.047) and SF3 had the highest PS Rmax. Regarding fracture toughness, BBR had the lowest KIC (p < 0.05), whereas other composites showed similar KIC (p > 0.05). Strong correlations of filler content (wt%)-PS/KIC were found. Different pre-heating times had no significant influences on DC %, RPmax, PS, PS Rmax and KIC of VC (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Different types of bulk-fill composites showed comparable shrinkage. A highly filled BF giomer composite (BBR) had the lowest fracture toughness, whereas others had similar KIC. Pre-heating had no adverse effects on Viscalor properties. Sonication and pre-heating are beneficial techniques to enhance composite flowability without either increasing shrinkage or reducing fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Silikas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Aquino Valverde AJ, Aguilar Vargas GDP, Díaz Fernández JM, Leiva Ramírez PA, Quintanilla Labajos DA, Atoche Socola KJ, Vidalón Pinto M. [Light-curing effectiveness using led lamps: a review]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e120. [PMID: 38389554 PMCID: PMC10880699 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1003-2022-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction LED lamps have a new light-curing technology which can be monowave or polywave, which allows it to reach more initiators such as camphorquinone, Lucirin TPO and Propanodione, which have a wide variety of advantages and disadvantages. These lamps have evolved over time, as have different ergonomics, longevity, systems and quality standards. Objective The objective of this literature review is to improve the clinician on the proper use of different LED lamps and how they influence the efficiency of resin photopolymerization. Material and methods Extensive research has been carried out in the existing literature on this topic. From the beginning of this information until April 18, 2022, the bibliographic search carried out includes 86 articles published in the Medline database through PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct and SciELO, and there is no language restriction. Results The photopolymerization effects of Polywave and Monowave LED lamps present significant differences between the compressive strength of the light-cured resin, with single-wave and polyvalent LED lamps where the types of light and lamp directly influence the compressive strength of the resin. composite resins. Conclusion The type of light and lamp directly affects the efficiency of the photopolymerization of the composite resin, so it is concluded that LED lamps with single wave technology (Monowave) produce a greater depth of photopolymerization than those with multiple wave technology (Polywave).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jacqueline Aquino Valverde
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Gina Del Pilar Aguilar Vargas
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - José Miguel Díaz Fernández
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Piero Aryed Leiva Ramírez
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Daleska Adriana Quintanilla Labajos
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Katherine Joselyn Atoche Socola
- Division de Rehabilitacion Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. Universidad Científica del Perú Division de Rehabilitacion Oral Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Marcia Vidalón Pinto
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
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18
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carpio D, Torres O, Carvalho O, Silva F, Henriques B, Özcan M, Souza JCM. The influence of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure: an integrative review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5575-5594. [PMID: 35767045 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to perform an integrative review on the effect the inorganic fillers on the light transmission through the resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure. METHOD A bibliographic review was performed on PubMed using the following search terms: "fillers" OR "particle" AND "light curing" OR "polymerization" AND "light transmission" OR "light absorption" OR "light irradiance" OR "light attenuation" OR "light diffusion" AND "resin composite." The search involved articles published in English language in the last 10 years. RESULTS Selected studies reported a decrease in biaxial strength and hardness in traditional resin-matrix composites in function of the depth of polymerization. However, there were no significant differences in biaxial strength and hardness recorded along the polymerization depth of Bulk-Fill™ composites. Strength and hardness were enhanced by increasing the size and content of inorganic fillers although some studies revealed a progressive decrease in the degree of conversion on increasing silica particle size. The translucency of glass-ceramic spherical fillers promoted light diffusion mainly in critical situations such as in the case of deep proximal regions of resin-matrix composites. CONCLUSIONS The amount of light transmitted through the resin-matrix composites is influenced by the size, content, microstructure, and shape of the inorganic filler particles. The decrease of the degree of conversion affects negatively the physical and mechanical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised leading to variable physical properties and degradation. The polymerization mode of resin-matrix composites can be improved according to the type of inorganic fillers in their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Daniela Carpio
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Oscar Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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Grazioli G, Cuevas-Suarez CE, Mederos M, DE Leon E, Garcia A, Zamarripa-Calderón E, Piva E. Evaluation of irradiance and radiant exposure on the polymerization and mechanical properties of a resin composite. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e082. [PMID: 35703707 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irradiance and radiant exposure on the chemical-mechanical properties of a resin composite. A micro-hybrid resin composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) was investigated under two different irradiances: low (300 mW/cm2) and high (800 mW/cm2) and radiant exposures: 8 and 16 J/cm2. Four groups, named Low 8 J/cm2, High 8 J/cm2, Low 16 J/cm2, and High 16 J/cm2 were tested, and their flexural strengths, elastic moduli, depths of cure, and degrees of conversion were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. A multiple linear regression model was used to correlate the irradiance and radiant exposure with dependent variables (α = 0.05). Irradiance and radiant exposure were found statistically significant for all dependent variables. The interaction between the factors was statistically significant only for the degree of conversion and elastic modulus. Group Low 16 J/cm2 exhibited a significantly superior performance in all the evaluated properties. Barring the degree of conversion, no significant differences were observed among the properties evaluated between the Low 8 J/cm2 and High 8 J/cm2 groups. The adjusted R2 values were high for the depth of cure and degree of conversion (0.58 and 0.96, respectively). Both irradiance and radiant exposure parameters play an important role in establishing the final properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite. Irradiance has a greater influence under higher radiant exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Grazioli
- Universidad de la República , School of Dentistry , Department of Dental Materials , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suarez
- Autonomous University of Hidalgo State , Academic Area of Dentistry , Dental Materials Laboratory , San Agustín Tlaxiaca , Hgo , Mexico
| | - Matías Mederos
- Universidad de la República , School of Dentistry , Department of Dental Materials , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Elisa DE Leon
- Universidad de la República , School of Dentistry , Department of Dental Materials , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Andrés Garcia
- Universidad de la República , School of Dentistry , Department of Dental Materials , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón
- Autonomous University of Hidalgo State , Academic Area of Dentistry , Dental Materials Laboratory , San Agustín Tlaxiaca , Hgo , Mexico
| | - Evandro Piva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Pelotas , RS , Brazil
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Bayrak GD, Yaman-Dosdogru E, Selvi-Kuvvetli S. The Effect of Two Different Light-Curing Units and Curing Times on Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1885. [PMID: 35567054 PMCID: PMC9104037 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different light-curing units and curing times on the surface microhardness (SMH), compressive strength (CS), and volumetric shrinkage (VS) of four restorative materials (FiltekTM Z250, FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior, Beautifil® Bulk Restorative, ACTIVATM BioACTIVE). For all tests, each material was divided into two groups depending on the curing unit (Woodpecker LED-E and CarboLED), and each curing unit group was further divided into two subgroups according to curing time (10 s and 20 s). SMH was evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester, CS was tested using a universal testing machine, and VS was measured using video imaging. In all the restorative materials cured with Woodpecker LED-E, the 20 s subgroup demonstrated significantly higher SMH values than the 10 s subgroup. In both light-curing time subgroups, the CarboLED group showed significantly higher CS values than the Woodpecker LED-E group for all restorative materials except FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior cured for 20 s. ACTIVATM BioACTIVE showed significantly greater volumetric change than the other restorative materials. A higher curing light intensity and longer curing time had a positive effect on the SMH and CS of the restorative materials tested in this study. On the other hand, curing unit and time did not show a significant effect on the VS values of restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Deniz Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Bagdat Cd. No. 238, Istanbul 34728, Turkey; (E.Y.-D.); (S.S.-K.)
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21
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Effect of Light Curing Distance on Microhardness Profiles of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030528. [PMID: 35160517 PMCID: PMC8839654 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk-fill (BF) dental resin composites are made to be polymerized in increments of up to 5 mm rather than the 2 mm increment recommended for conventional composites. This project aimed to determine microhardness (MH) profiles of BF resin composites at different depths and varying light cure (LC) distances from the light source in an attempt to mimic varying clinical situations. Forty-eight cylindrical specimens (4 mm diameter and 6 mm height) were prepared from 3 BF composites: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TBF), Filtek One Bulk-Fill (FBF), and Sonic-Fill 2 (SF2). Four different distances (0, 2, 4, and 6 mm) from the LC unit were investigated. Vickers MH was measured at the top and bottom of the samples and at every 1 mm, by creating 3 indentations at each depth. The bottom-top microhardness ratio (MHR) and percentage reduction in MHR were also measured. Data was analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measure ANOVA at 0.05 significance level. The main variables effects “material, LC distance, and depth” were significant (p < 0.001). Increasing LC distance and the depth of the tested BF significantly affected Vickers MH and MHR. None of the tested BF materials had sufficient MHR at the depths of 4–6 mm. SF2 showed the least MHR reduction.
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22
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Pedrosa MDS, Nogueira FN, Baldo VDO, Medeiros IS. Changes in color and contrast ratio of resin composites after curing and storage in water. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:1160-1165. [PMID: 34916769 PMCID: PMC8665224 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To verify the color change and contrast ratio of resin composites after curing and after 30 days of storage in water. Methods Dentin A2 shades of different light-cured dental resin composites (Vittra APS, FGM, Brazil; Z350 XT, 3M ESPE, EUA; Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein, and Charisma Diamond, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) were tested. Ten rounded specimens (8 mm × 2 mm) were prepared for each material. Reflectance for all samples was obtained using a spectrophotometer (Minolta CM 3700d, Konica Minolta, Japan) before curing, immediately after curing, and after 30 days of storage in water. The color change (ΔE*lab) and contrast ratio (CR) data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's and paired t-tests (α = 1%). Results For all materials tested, significant color changes were noticeable after curing and after 30 days in water (p < 0.01). Significant changes in the CR values before curing, after curing, and 30 days of storage in water were observed in the resin composites investigated (p < 0.01) except for Z350 (p > 0.01). Conclusion The CR values and color changes after curing and 30 days of storage in water varied depending on the material tested. This study corroborates the clinical practice of curing a small amount of unpolymerized resin composite on the tooth surface to select the desired shade before undertaking esthetic restorative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlus da Silva Pedrosa
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor de Oliveira Baldo
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Studart Medeiros
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baldo VDO, Pedrosa MDS, Medeiros IS. Post-cure heat treatments influence on mechanical and optical properties of resin composites. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:96-105. [PMID: 34787256 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of post-cure heat treatment (PCHT) on the Knoop microhardness (KHN), degree of conversion (DC), color changes, and contrast ratio (CR) of four resin composites (RCs): Z100 (3M ESPE), Z350 XT (3M ESPE), Estelite Omega (Tokuyama) and Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent). Specimens (12 × 1 mm) were prepared for each material (n = 10 / group). After curing, samples were subjected to PCHT for 10 min at 100°C or 170°C. Control group was maintained at room temperature (24°C) for the same time. The DC was analyzed by FT-NIR immediately and 24 h after the PCHT (n = 3 / group). KHN was analyzed 24 h after PCHT (n = 10 / group). According to CIEDE2000 (∆E00), color measurements were obtained immediately after curing, five minutes after PCHT, and after seven days of storage in water, coffee, and red wine. Data were analyzed by One and Two-Way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Z100, Z350, and Estelite Omega showed increases in KHN with increased temperature (p < 0.05). PCHT at 100°C and 170°C led to a higher DC of all RCs (p < 0.05). Initially, the PCHT lead to increased ∆E00 values (p < 0.05), which was decreased after immersion in coffee and wine (p < 0.05). Considering the effect of PCHT and staining solutions, lower color changes were observed in the thermally treated specimens (p < 0.05). Taken collectively, the results suggest the PCHT as an economical and practical alternative to enhance direct RC's properties in direct-indirect and indirect restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor de Oliveira Baldo
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo ,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Marlus da Silva Pedrosa
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo ,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Igor Studart Medeiros
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo ,São Paulo,Brazil
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Kincses D, Böddi K, Őri Z, Lovász BV, Jeges S, Szalma J, Kunsági-Máté S, Lempel E. Pre-Heating Effect on Monomer Elution and Degree of Conversion of Contemporary and Thermoviscous Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Dental Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203599. [PMID: 34685358 PMCID: PMC8538921 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of unreacted monomers from pre-heated resin-based dental composites (RBC) is not a well-investigated topic so far. The objectives were to determine the temperature changes during the application and polymerization, the degree of conversion (DC) and unreacted monomer elution of room temperature (RT), and pre-heated thermoviscous [VisCalor Bulk(VCB)] and high-viscosity full-body contemporary [Filtek One Bulk(FOB)] bulk-fill RBCs. The RBCs' temperatures during the sample preparation were recorded with a K-type thermocouple. The DC at the top and bottom was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy and the amounts of eluted BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA, and TEGDMA were assessed with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The temperatures of the pre-heated RBCs decreased rapidly during the manipulation phase. The temperature rise during photopolymerization reflects the bottom DCs. The differences in DC% between the top and the bottom were significant. RT VCB had a lower DC% compared to FOB. Pre-heating did not influence the DC, except on the bottom surface of FOB where a significant decrease was measured. Pre-heating significantly decreased the elution of BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA in the case of FOB, meanwhile, it had no effect on monomer release from VCB, except TEGDMA, which elution was decreased. In comparison, RBC composition had a stronger influence on DC and monomer elution, than pre-cure temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kincses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Böddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sára Jeges
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-535-926
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Tichy A, Bradna P. Applicability of Exposure Reciprocity Law for Fast Polymerization of Restorative Composites Containing Various Photoinitiating Systems. Oper Dent 2021; 46:406-418. [PMID: 34478559 DOI: 10.2341/20-112-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The exposure reciprocity law (ERL) has been used to calculate the optimal irradiation time of dental composites. This study examined the applicability of ERL for fast polymerization of restorative composites containing various photoinitiating systems using a high-power multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. METHODS Three commercial composites differing in photoinitiating systems were tested: Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative (FU) with a camphorquinone-amine (CQ-A) photoinitiating system, Tetric EvoCeram (TEC) with CQ-A and (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), and Estelite Σ Quick (ESQ) with CQ and a radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) initiator. Specimens 2-mm thick were polymerized using a high-power multipeak LED lamp (Valo) at 3 pairs of radiant exposures (referred to as low, moderate, and high) ranging from 15.8-26.7 J/cm2. They were achieved by different combinations of irradiation time (5-20 seconds) and irradiance (1300-2980 mW/cm2) as determined with a calibrated spectrometer. Knoop microhardness was measured 1, 24, and 168 hours after polymerization on specimen top (irradiated) and bottom surfaces to characterize the degree of polymerization. The results were statistically analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests, α = 0.05. RESULTS Microhardness increased with radiant exposure and except for ESQ, top-surface microhardness was significantly higher than that on bottom surfaces. Combinations of high irradiance and short irradiation time significantly increased the top-surface microhardness of TEC at low and moderate radiant exposures, and the bottom-surface microhardness of FU at a low radiant exposure. In contrast, the microhardness of ESQ on both surfaces at high radiant exposure increased significantly when low irradiance and long irradiation time were used. With all tested composites, bottom-surface microhardness obtained at low radiant exposure was below 80% of the maximum top-surface microhardness, indicating insufficient polymerization. CONCLUSION Combinations of irradiance and irradiation time had a significant effect on microhardness, which was affected by photoinitiators and the optical properties of composites as well as spectral characteristics of the polymerization lamp. Therefore, ERL cannot be universally applied for the calculation of optimal composite irradiation time. Despite high irradiance, fast polymerization led to insufficient bottom-surface microhardness, suggesting the necessity to also characterize the degree of polymerization on the bottom surfaces of composite increments when assessing the validity of ERL.
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Almeida R, Manarte-Monteiro P, Domingues J, Falcão C, Herrero-Climent M, Ríos-Carrasco B, Lemos BF. High-Power LED Units Currently Available for Dental Resin-Based Materials-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2165. [PMID: 34208978 PMCID: PMC8271666 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of less time-consuming procedures led to the development of high-power light-curing-units (LCU) to light-cure dental-resin-based-materials. This review aims to describe high-power light-emitting-diode (LED)-LCUs, by a bibliometric systematization of in vitro and in vivo studies. The research-question, by PICO model, aimed to assess the current knowledge on dentistry-based high-power LED-LCUs by analyzing to what extent their use can promote adverse events on materials and patients' oral condition when compared to low-power LED-LCUs, on daily dental practice. PubMed and B-on database search focused on high-power (≥2000 mW/cm2) LED-LCUs outputs. Studies assessing performance of high-power LED-LCUs for light-curing dental-resin-based-materials were included. From 1822 screened articles, 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two marketed units with high levels of radiant emittance (≥2000 mW/cm2 up to 6000 mW/cm2) were identified. Most output values vary on 2000-3000 mW/cm2. The highest output found was 6000 mW/cm2, in FlashMax™P3. Reports suggest that light-curing protocols with lower emittance irradiance and longer exposure outperforms all other combination, however in some clinical procedures high-power LED-LCUs are advocated when compared to low-power LED-LCUs. Moreover, long time exposures and over-curing can be dangerous to the biological vital pulp, and other oral tissues. Evidence showing that high-power LCUs are the best clinical option is still very scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Almeida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Patricia Manarte-Monteiro
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
| | - Joana Domingues
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
| | - Carlos Falcão
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
- Porto Dental Institute, 4150-518 Porto, Portugal;
| | | | | | - Bernardo Ferreira Lemos
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
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Par M, Spanovic N, Marovic D, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tauböck TT. Rapid high-intensity light-curing of bulk-fill composites: A quantitative analysis of marginal integrity. J Dent 2021; 111:103708. [PMID: 34077801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of rapid high-intensity light-curing on the marginal integrity of four bulk-fill composites, including two materials specifically designed for high-intensity curing. METHODS Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of intact human molars with simulated pulpal pressure, filled in a single increment and light-cured using a conventional (10 s @ 1,340 mW/cm2) or high-intensity (3 s @ 3,440 mW/cm2) protocol. The restorations were subjected to thermo-mechanical loading (TML) comprising 1,200,000 mechanical loading cycles and 3,000 thermocycles. Quantitative margin analysis was performed before and after TML using a scanning electron microscope, and the marginal integrity was expressed as percentage of continuous margin (PCM). RESULTS All PCM values measured before TML were statistically similar regardless of the material and curing protocol (p>0.05). A statistically significant effect of the curing protocol (p = 0.021) was identified only after TML for one material. PCM was significantly diminished by TML (p<0.001) for most combinations of material and curing protocol. The PCM values of the sculptable composites after TML were statistically similar regardless of the curing protocol (p>0.05). Compared to these values, significantly lower PCM after TML was identified for the flowable composites cured with the high-intensity protocol (p = 0.001-0.045). CONCLUSION In most cases, high-intensity and conventional curing generally led to similar marginal integrity. Although all of the investigated composites initially performed similarly well, the flowable composites light-cured using the high-intensity protocol showed a significantly inferior marginal integrity compared to the sculptable composites after loading. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Rapid high-intensity light-curing cannot be recommended for flowable bulk-fill composites since it may compromise the tooth-restoration interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Soares CJ, Braga S, Price RB. Relationship Between the Cost of 12 Light-curing Units and Their Radiant Power, Emission Spectrum, Radiant Exitance, and Beam Profile. Oper Dent 2021; 46:283-292. [PMID: 34437704 DOI: 10.2341/19-274-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To correlate the radiant power (mW), radiant exitance (or tip irradiance in mW/cm2), emission spectrum (mW/cm2/nm), and beam irradiance profile of 12 light-curing units (LCUs) available in the Brazilian market with their market cost. METHODS AND MATERIALS Six LCUs that cost more than US$900 (Bluephase G4,VALO Grand, VALO Cordless, Radii Xpert, Elipar DeepCure-S, and Radii plus) and six low-cost LCUs costing less than US$500 (Radii Cal, Optilight Max, High Power LED 3M, Emitter D, Emitter C, and LED B) were examined. Radiant power (mW) and emission spectrum (mW/nm) were measured using an integrating sphere connected to a fiber-optic spectroradiometer. The internal tip diameter (mm) of each LCU was measured using a digital caliper and was used to calculate the average radiant exitance (mW/cm2). Irradiance profiles at the light tip were measured using a commercial laser beam profiler. The cost of each LCU in Brazil was correlated with internal tip diameter, radiant power, and tip irradiance. RESULTS None of the low-cost LCUs were broad spectrum multiple peak LCUs. There was no correlation between the cost of the LCUs and their averaged tip irradiance; however, there was a high positive correlation between the cost of the LCUs and the radiant power and tip diameter. The VALO Grand, Elipar DeepCure-S, VALO Cordless, and Bluephase G4 all emitted a higher radiant power. They also had a significantly greater tip diameter than other LCUs. For the LCUs with a nonuniform output, some areas of the light tip delivered less than 400 mW/cm2, while other areas delivered more than 2500 mW/cm2. CONCLUSIONS In general, LCUs that had a higher cost (US$971-US$1800) delivered more power (mW) and had a greater tip diameter (mm), which covered more of a tooth. In general, the low-cost LCUs (US$224-US$470) emitted a lower radiant power and had a smaller tip diameter.
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Mauricio F, Medina J, Vilchez L, Sotomayor O, Muricio-Vilchez C, Mayta-Tovalino F. Effects of Different Light-curing Modes on the Compressive Strengths of Nanohybrid Resin-based Composites: A Comparative In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:184-189. [PMID: 34036081 PMCID: PMC8118049 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_423_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of polymerization conducted by using LED lamps of different wavelengths (polywave and monowave) on the compressive strengths of nanohybrid composite resins Filtek™ Bulk Fill - 3M and 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT. Materials and Methods The study was prospective, experimental in vitro, and comparative. The sample consisted of nanohybrid composite resins. The sample size (n) was 100 specimens, divided into 10 groups. CRIS (Checklist for Reporting In-vitro Studies) Guidelines were used for writing this article. Results There were statistically significant differences between all groups with P < 0.001. Group 2 (nanohybrid composite resin blocks 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT with Monowave LED lamps) showed the highest compressive strength of 238.36±34.69N; CI (213.55-263.18) N. This was followed by Group 4 (nanohybrid composite resin blocks 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT with Poliwave LED lamps, High Power) and Group 6 (nanohybrid composite resin blocks 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT with Poliwave LED lamps, Soft Star), with compressive strengths of 222.33 ± 53.09N, and 209.21 ± 22.52N, respectively. Conclusions Significant differences were found between the compressive strengths of 3M™ Filtek™ Z350 XT and Filtek™ Bulk Fill - 3M resins, and that of resins photopolymerized with monowave and polywave LED lamps and halogen light. Thus, the types of light and lamp directly influence the compressive strengths of the composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Mauricio
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Julia Medina
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Luzmila Vilchez
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Oscar Sotomayor
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - César Muricio-Vilchez
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Frank Mayta-Tovalino
- Postgraduate Department, CHANGE Research Working Group, Faculty of Health of Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Degree of conversion and in vitro temperature rise of pulp chamber during polymerization of flowable and sculptable conventional, bulk-fill and short-fibre reinforced resin composites. Dent Mater 2021; 37:983-997. [PMID: 33714623 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the degree of conversion (DC) and in vitro pulpal temperature (PT) rise of low-viscosity (LV) and high-viscosity (HV) conventional resin-based composites (RBC), bulk-fill and short-fibre reinforced composites (SFRC). METHODS The occlusal surface of a mandibular molar was removed to obtain dentine thickness of 2 mm above the roof of the pulp chamber. LV and HV conventional (2 mm), bulk-fill RBCs (2-4 mm) and SFRCs (2-4 mm) were applied in a mold (6 mm inner diameter) placed on the occlusal surface. PT changes during the photo-polymerization were recorded with a thermocouple positioned in the pulp chamber. The DC at the top and bottom of the samples was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, multivariate analysis and partial eta-squared statistics were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS The PT changes ranged between 5.5-11.2 °C. All LV and 4 mm RBCs exhibited higher temperature changes. Higher DC were measured at the top (63-76%) of the samples as compared to the bottom (52-72.6%) in the 2 mm HV conventional and bulk-fill RBCs and in each 4 mm LV and HV materials. The SFRCs showed higher temperature changes and DC% as compared to the other investigated RBCs. The temperature and DC were influenced by the composition of the material followed by the thickness. SIGNIFICANCE Exothermic temperature rise and DC are mainly material dependent. Higher DC values are associated with a significant increase in PT. LV RBCs, 4 mm bulk-fills and SFRCs exhibited higher PTs. Bulk-fills and SFRCs applied in 4 mm showed lower DCs at the bottom.
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Marovic D, Par M, Crnadak A, Sekelja A, Negovetic Mandic V, Gamulin O, Rakić M, Tarle Z. Rapid 3 s Curing: What Happens in Deep Layers of New Bulk-Fill Composites? MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030515. [PMID: 33494495 PMCID: PMC7866022 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of rapid 3 s light curing on the new generation of bulk-fill resin composites under the simulated aging challenge and depths up to 4 mm. Four bulk-fill materials were tested: two materials designed for rapid curing (Tetric PowerFill—PFILL; Tetric PowerFlow—PFLW) and two regular materials (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative—FIL; SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable—SDR). Three-point bending (n = 10) was used to measure flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM). In the 3 s group, two 2 mm thick specimens were stacked to obtain 4 mm thickness, while 2 mm-thick specimens were used for ISO group. Specimens were aged for 1, 30, or 30 + 3 days in ethanol. The degree of conversion (DC) up to 4 mm was measured by Raman spectroscopy. There was no difference between curing protocols in FS after 1 day for all materials except PFLW. FM was higher for all materials for ISO curing protocol. Mechanical properties deteriorated by increasing depth (2–4 mm) and aging. ISO curing induced higher DC for PFLW and FIL, while 3 s curing was sufficient for PFILL and SDR. The 3 s curing negatively affected FM of all tested materials, whereas its influence on FS and DC was highly material-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Crnadak
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Andjelina Sekelja
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Visnja Negovetic Mandic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Ozren Gamulin
- Institute for Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia;
| | - Mario Rakić
- Institute of Physics, Zagreb 10000, Croatia;
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (V.N.M.); (Z.T.)
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Catel Y, Angermann J, Fässler P, Fischer U, Schnur T, Moszner N. High refractive index monofunctional monomers as promising diluents for dental composites. Dent Mater 2020; 37:351-358. [PMID: 33357987 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate high refractive index methacrylates as diluents for the formulation of radiopaque esthetic bulk-fill composites. METHODS 2-(4-Cumylphenoxy)ethyl methacrylate 1, 2-(2-phenylphenoxy)ethyl methacrylate 2 and 2-[2-(2-phenylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl methacrylate 3 were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of each monomer was studied using photo-DSC. Bulk-fill composites based on monomers 1-3 were formulated. Translucency (before and after light cure) was measured using a spectrophotometer. The depth of cure and the water sorption of these materials were determined according to ISO 4049. The flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were measured using a three-point bending setup, according to ISO 4049. The shrinkage force was assessed based on a method described by Watts et al. using a universal testing machine. RESULTS Monomers 1-3 were easily synthesized in two steps. They exhibit a low viscosity and a high refractive index (1.553-1.573). Monofunctional methacrylates 1-3 were found to be more reactive than triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Bulk-fill composites based on these monomers were successfully prepared. They exhibit a high depth of cure and excellent esthetic properties (low transparency). These composites provide higher flexural modulus as well as lower water sorption than a corresponding material based on TEGDMA. Methacrylates 1 and 3 are particularly interesting as they led to composites showing lower shrinkage force. SIGNIFICANCE Methacrylates 1-3 are promising diluents for the formulation of highly esthetic radiopaque bulk-fill composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Catel
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein.
| | - Jörg Angermann
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Pascal Fässler
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Urs Fischer
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Thomas Schnur
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
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Long-Term Stability of a RAFT-Modified Bulk-Fill Resin-Composite under Clinically Relevant Versus ISO-Curing Conditions. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235350. [PMID: 33255830 PMCID: PMC7728365 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The addition of RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer) agents to the matrix formulation of a bulk-fill resin composite can significantly decrease the required curing time down to a minimum of 3 s. Evaluating the long term-stability of this resin composite in relation to varied curing conditions in an in-vitro environment was this study’s goal. Specimens were produced according to either an ISO or one of two clinical curing protocols and underwent a maximum of three successive aging procedures. After each one of the aging procedures, 30 specimens for each curing condition were extracted for a three-point bending test. Fragments were then stereo-microscopically characterized according to their fracture mechanism. Weibull analysis was used to quantify the reliability of each aging and curing combination. Selected fragments (n = 12) underwent further testing via depth-sensing indentation. Mechanical values for either standardized or clinical curing were mostly comparable. However, changes in fracture mechanism and Weibull modulus were observed after each aging procedure. The final procedure exposed significant differences in the mechanical values due to curing conditions. Curing conditions with increased radiant exposure seemingly result in a higher crosslink in the polymer-matrix, thus increasing resistance to aging. Yet, the clinical curing conditions still resulted in acceptable mechanical values, proving the effectiveness of RAFT-polymerization.
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Sampaio CS, Pizarro PG, Atria PJ, Hirata R, Giannini M, Mahn E. Effect of Shortened Light-Curing Modes on Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2020; 45:496-505. [PMID: 32101499 DOI: 10.2341/19-101-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Shortened light curing does not affect volumetric polymerization shrinkage or cohesive tensile strength but negatively affects the shear bond strength of some bulk-fill resin composites. When performing shortened light curing, clinicians should be aware of the light output of their light-curing units. SUMMARY Purpose: To evaluate volumetric polymerization shrinkage (VPS), shear bond strength (SBS) to dentin, and cohesive tensile strength (CTS) of bulk-fill resin composites (BFRCs) light activated by different modes.Methods and Materials: Six groups were evaluated: Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill + high mode (10 seconds; TEC H10), Tetric EvoFlow bulk fill + high mode (TEF H10), experimental bulk fill + high mode (TEE H10), Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill + turbo mode (five seconds; TEC T5), Tetric EvoFlow bulk fill + turbo mode (TEF T5), and experimental bulk fill + turbo mode (TEE T5). Bluephase Style 20i and Adhese Universal Vivapen were used for all groups. All BFRC samples were built up on human molar bur-prepared occlusal cavities. VPS% and location were evaluated through micro-computed tomography. SBS and CTS tests were performed 24 hours after storage or after 5000 thermal cycles; fracture mode was analyzed for SBS.Results: Both TEC H10 and TEE H10 presented lower VPS% than TEF H10. However, no significant differences were observed with the turbo-curing mode. No differences were observed for the same BFRC within curing modes. Occlusal shrinkage was mostly observed. Regarding SBS, thermal cycling (TC) affected all groups. Without TC, all groups showed higher SBS values for high mode than turbo mode, while with TC, only TEC showed decreased SBS from high mode to turbo modes; modes of fracture were predominantly adhesive. For CTS, TC affected all groups except TEE H10. In general, no differences were observed between groups when comparing the curing modes.Conclusions: Increased light output with a shortened curing time did not jeopardize the VPS and SBS properties of the BFRCs, although a decreased SBS was observed in some groups. TEE generally showed similar or improved values for the tested properties in a shortened light-curing time. The VPS was mostly affected by the materials tested, whereas the SBS was affected by the materials, curing modes, and TC. The CTS was not affected by the curing modes.
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Hayashi J, Tagami J, Chan D, Sadr A. New bulk-fill composite system with high irradiance light polymerization: Integrity and degree of conversion. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1615-1623. [PMID: 33168226 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) and micro Raman microscopy (mRM) to investigate internal defect (ID) and degree of conversion (DC) of two bulk-fill composite systems with high-irradiance or conventional light polymerization settings. METHODS The ID and DC of the new bulk-fill composites; Tetric PowerFill (PwrPst) and Tetric PowerFlow (PwrFlw) were compared with the predecessor bulk-fill composites; Tetric EvoCeram Bulkfill (EvoPst) and Tetric EvoFlow Bulkfill (EvoFlw), using LED light curing unit in two settings; normal (LED-Nrm: 1000 mW/cm2, 10-s) or PowerCure (LED-Pwr: 3000 mW/cm2, 3-s). ID formation was observed in bonded cylindrical composite cavities (4-mm depth, 3-mm diameter) using Yoshida Dental OCT. From the vertically projected 2D image, ID area percentage (ID-A%) was calculated. DC at the top and bottom and bottom/top DC ratio (DC-R%) of 4-mm thick discs was calculated using mRM. All data were statistically analyzed at significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS Flowable composites in LED-Pwr showed smaller ID frequencies than other groups (PwrFlw: 0/8, EvoFlw: 2/8) (p < 0.05). Composite type significantly affected ID-A%, DC and DC-R% (p < 0.001), while light settings significantly affected ID-A% but not DC and DC-R% (p > 0.05). In both light settings, EvoPst showed the lowest DC-R% (<80%). SIGNIFICANCE Internal defect and degree of conversion of bulk-fill composites were affected by their composition and light settings. There was a tendency for less defects and better polymerization for the flowable bulk-fills. The new flowable bulk-fill composite with 3-seconds high irradiance light curing showed no defect formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics Biomechanics & Technology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA; Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Daniel Chan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics Biomechanics & Technology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA
| | - Alireza Sadr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Biomimetics Biomaterials Biophotonics Biomechanics & Technology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA.
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Algamaiah H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Conversion kinetics of rapid photo-polymerized resin composites. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1266-1274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Par M, Marovic D, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tauböck TT. Effect of rapid high-intensity light-curing on polymerization shrinkage properties of conventional and bulk-fill composites. J Dent 2020; 101:103448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Misinterpretation of ISO 4049 standard recommendations: Impact on Young's modulus and conversion degree of dental composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Watts DC, Algamaiah H. Characterizing surface viscoelastic integrity of ultra-fast photo-polymerized composites: Methods development. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1255-1265. [PMID: 32819731 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resin-Composites are now available designed for polymerization using 3 s of intense light irradiation. The aim was to develop an experimental method to probe their surface viscoelastic integrity immediately following such rapid photo-cure via macroscopic surface indentation under constant stress as a function of time. METHODS Two bulk-fill composites (Ivoclar AG) were studied: Tetric PowerFill (PFill) and PowerFlow (PFlow). Split molds were used to fabricate cylindrical {4 mm (dia) × 4 mm} paste specimens, irradiated at 23 °C at 0 mm from the top surface with a BluephasePowerCure LED-LCU, with 3 s or 5 s modes, emitting 3 and 2 W/cm2, respectively. Post-irradiation specimens were immediately transferred to an apparatus equipped with a flat-ended indentor of 1.5 mm diameter. 14 MPa compressive stress at the indentor tip was applied centrally in < 2 min and maintained constant for 2 h. Indentation (I) magnitudes were recorded in real-time (t), with I(t) data re-expressed as % indentation relative to the 4 mm specimen height. After 2 h, the indentor was unloaded and indentation recovery was monitored for a further 2 h. Parallel sets of measurements were made where indentation was delayed for 24 h. Further measurements were made with more conventional composites: EvoCeram Bulk Fill (ECeram) and Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (EFlow). These were irradiated for 20 s at 1.2 W/cm2. Kinetic data were curve-fitted to exponential growth functions and key parameters analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS I(t) plots looked initially similar to bulk creep/recovery: rapid deformation plus viscoelastic response; then, upon unloading: rapid (elastic) recovery followed by partial viscoelastic recovery. However, unlike multiply irradiated and stored bulk-creep specimens, the present specimens were exposed to only 3 or 5 s "occlusal" irradiation; generating "hard" surfaces. Subsequently, during the 2 h indentation, the polymer matrix network continued to harden and consolidate. Upon initial loading, I(t) reached 2-3% indentation, depending upon the formulation. Upon unloading at 2 h, elastic recovery was only ca. 1 %. Delayed loading for 24 h, generated I(t) plots of significantly reduced magnitude. Most importantly, however, the I(t) plots for ECeram and EFlow, after 20 s irradiation, showed I(t) magnitudes quite comparable to the PFill and PFlow rapid-cure composites. SIGNIFICANCE Macroscopic indentation creep has been shown to be a workable procedure that can be applied to rapid-cure materials to assess their immediate surface integrity and developing viscoelastic characteristics. The applied stress of 14 MPa was relatively severe and the indentation/recovery profiles of PowerFill materials with only 3 or 5 s irradiation demonstrated comparability with their established 20 s cure siblings, evidencing the suitability of the PowerCure system for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Watts
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Makhdoom SN, Campbell KM, Carvalho RM, Manso AP. Effects of curing modes on depth of cure and microtensile bond strength of bulk fill composites to dentin. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190753. [PMID: 32638829 PMCID: PMC7340207 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and depth of cure (DOC) of bulk-fill composites cured by monowave (MW) and polywave (PW) LED units using different curing times. Methodology Three composites were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), and Tetric EvoCeram (T; control). Flat dentin surfaces treated with adhesive (AdheSE Universal®, Ivoclar Vivadent) were bonded with 4 mm cylindrical samples of each bulk-fill composite material (n=6) and cured with monowave (Satelec) or polywave (Bluephase Style) curing units for 10 or 20 seconds. After 24 hours, teeth were sectioned into individual 0.9 mm2 beams and tested for µTBS. Failure modes were analysed. Moreover, the DOC scrape test (IOS 4090) was completed (n=5) following the same curing protocols. Two-way ANOVA (a=0.05) was performed, isolating light-curing units. Results For samples cured with the MW light-curing unit, no significant effects were observed in the µTBS results between any of the resin composite brands and the curing times. Conversely, when resins were cured with a PW light unit, a significant effect was observed for TBF resin. In general, bulk-fill composites presented greater DOC and longer curing time resulted in higher DOC for all composites. Conclusion The µTBS of the composites to dentin was not affected by the curing mode of the resins, except for TBF cured with PW light unit. Bulk-fill composites exhibit greater DOC than conventional resin-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Makhdoom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karen M Campbell
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ricardo Marins Carvalho
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adriana Pigozzo Manso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Kim K, Sinha J, Gao G, Childress KK, Sartor SM, Salazar AM, Huang S, Musgrave CB, Stansbury JW. High-Efficiency Radical Photopolymerization Enhanced by Autonomous Dark Cure. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Kim
- Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Guangzhe Gao
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kimberly K. Childress
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Steven M. Sartor
- Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Austyn M. Salazar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sijia Huang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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The effect of rapid high-intensity light-curing on micromechanical properties of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10560. [PMID: 32601442 PMCID: PMC7324583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid high-intensity light-curing of dental resin composites is attractive from a clinical standpoint due to the prospect of time-savings. This study compared the effect of high-intensity (3 s with 3,440 mW/cm2) and conventional (10 s with 1,340 mW/cm2) light-curing on micromechanical properties of conventional and bulk-fill resin composites, including two composites specifically designed for high-intensity curing. Composite specimens were prepared in clinically realistic layer thicknesses. Microhardness (MH) was measured on the top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens 24 h after light-curing (initial MH), and after subsequent immersion for 24 h in absolute ethanol (ethanol MH). Bottom/top ratio for initial MH was calculated as a measure of depth-dependent curing effectiveness, whereas ethanol/initial MH ratio was calculated as a measure of crosslinking density. High-intensity light-curing showed a complex material-dependent effect on micromechanical properties. Most of the sculptable composites showed no effect of the curing protocol on initial MH, whereas flowable composites showed 11–48% lower initial MH for high-intensity curing. Ethanol/initial MH ratios were improved by high-intensity curing in flowable composites (up to 30%) but diminished in sculptable composites (up to 15%). Due to its mixed effect on MH and crosslinking density in flowable composites, high-intensity curing should be used with caution in clinical work.
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Limited reciprocity in curing efficiency of bulk-fill resin-composites. Dent Mater 2020; 36:997-1008. [PMID: 32499190 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify experimental limits of the general reciprocity hypothesis that the same photo-cure outcomes will result from applying essentially constant energy densities, despite reciprocal variations in the irradiance and irradiation time-period, for a representative set of bulk fill (BF) and non-BF resin composites. METHODS Six BF and two non-BF resin-composites were selected. The unset pastes were inserted into white acetal molds (5mm id) with (n=6) depths (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6mm). Three light curing units (LCUs) of increasing radiant emittance capability: 1200, 2000 and 3200mW/cm2 were used. Composite specimen groups (n=3, per depth, per LCU) were irradiated on the upper surface only. For each specific composite, the irradiation times for each LCU were reduced reciprocally, as the LCU irradiance increased, to deliver a constant energy density (J/cm2) to that composite. However, the required energy density for a given composite differed in accordance with each composite manufacturer recommendations. After storing for 24h at 37°C, light transmission measurements were made through each specimen and re-expressed as Apparent Absorbance (A'). Vickers hardness (HV) measurements (n=10) were made on both top and bottom surfaces, for each specimen, and HVversus "depth" profile plots created. From the top-surface data, a Depth-of-Cure parameter could be derived. Data were statistically evaluated for differences between top and bottom HV values and for other predefined variables of interest. RESULTS Irradiation with the LCU of 1200mW/cm2 generally gave the highest HV/depth for most materials tested compared to the other curing lights with higher power output, regardless of top and bottom measurements (p<0.001). However, this difference was material-dependent. With one BF composite, 1200 and 2000mW/cm2 irradiance did not show a significant difference between top and bottom HV. Composites with higher translucency showed reduced differences in top/bottom HV than more opaque composites. SIGNIFICANCE Reciprocity was found to be limited with most materials examined, such that irradiance periods of 10s, gave generally better HV outcomes than by using LCUs of superior radiant emittance while reciprocally reducing irradiance time to maintain constant dose of energy density.
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Xue J. [Factors influencing clinical application of bulk-fill composite resin]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:233-239. [PMID: 32573127 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bulk-fill composite resin are simple to operate, and they reduce polymerization shrinkage and microleakage compare to traditional resin-based composites. However, their clinical application could be affected by numerous factors, such as the material itself, light curing, placement techniques, storage condition, and preheating. This review aimed to summarize the definitions, classifications, indications, clinical properties, and influencing factors of the clinical application of bulk-fill resin-based composites and discuss the ways to improve their clinical effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yang J, Silikas N, Watts DC. Pre-heating time and exposure duration: Effects on post-irradiation properties of a thermo-viscous resin-composite. Dent Mater 2020; 36:787-793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pirmoradian M, Hooshmand T, Jafari-Semnani S, Fadavi F. Degree of conversion and microhardness of bulk-fill dental composites polymerized by LED and QTH light curing units. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Juckes SM, Sullivan B, Kostylev I, Price RB, Labrie D. Three-dimensional beam profiling used to characterize dental light-curing units. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9540-9547. [PMID: 31873552 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) beam profiling is an emerging technique used to characterize the beam homogeneity in dental light-curing units (LCUs). This project developed a method to combine multiple 2D beam profiles that had been measured along the beam path to create a 3D profile of the beam. This allowed a quantitative investigation of beam divergence and homogeneity at different distances from the source. To illustrate the use of this technique, four representative dental LCUs were measured. In addition, the selected dental LCUs demonstrated the effects of LCU design, particularly that of fiber optic light guides, on beam quality. The results show the value of a program that can recombine multiple beam profile images made at different distances from the source to create a 3D beam profile of a light beam.
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Velo MMDAC, Wang L, Furuse AY, Brianezzi LFDF, Scotti CK, Zabeu GS, Maenosono RM, Mondelli RFL. Influence of Modulated Photo-Activation on Shrinkage Stress and Degree of Conversion of Bulk-Fill Composites. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:592-598. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the polymerization properties of bulk-fill materials (low and high-viscosity) by using high-intensity continuous light and intermittent photo-activation in terms of polymerization shrinkage stress and degree of conversion (DC). The following Bulk-fill and Conventional nanofilled resin composites were evaluated: Filtek Z350XT Flow (3M/ESPE), SureFil SDR Flow (Dentsply), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (3M/ESPE), Filtek Z350XT (3M/ESPE) and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (3M/ESPE). A LED device (DB 685, Dabi Atlante) was used for both protocols: continuous uniform and intermittent photo-activation (light-on and light-off cycles) with identical radiant exposure (14 J/cm2). The polymerization shrinkage stress (n=6) was evaluated by inserting a single increment of 12 mm3 between two stainless steel plates (6×2 mm) adapted to a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), at different times. Measurements were recorded after photo-activation. The degree of conversion was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscope (FTIR) with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory (n=5). Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD (α=0.05) tests. Bulk Fill Posterior presented higher shrinkage stress values when photo-activated with the intermittent technique (p<0.05). The intermittent photo-activation increased the degree of conversion for the low-viscosity bulk-fills (p<0.05). Therefore, the use of modulated photo-activation (intermittent) must be indicated with caution since its use can influence the shrinkage stress and degree of conversion of composites, which varies according to the resin formulations.
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Cuevas-Suárez CE, Meereis CTW, D'accorso N, Macchi R, Ancona-Meza AL, Zamarripa-Calderón E. Effect of radiant exposure and UV accelerated aging on physico-chemical and mechanical properties of composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180075. [PMID: 30624462 PMCID: PMC6322643 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no consensus in terms of defining the minimum radiant exposure values necessary for achieving adequate properties of composite resin. In addition, the long-term influence that radiant exposure has on the properties of composite resins is still questionable. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiant exposure and UV accelerated aging on the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of micro-hybrid and nanofilled composite resins. Material and Methods: A nanofilled (Filtek Supreme; 3M ESPE) and a micro-hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250; 3M ESPE) were investigated under different radiant exposures (3.75, 9, and 24 J/cm2) and UV accelerated aging protocols (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 aging hours). The degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), modulus (M), water sorption (WS), and solubility (WL) were evaluated. The results obtained were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Comparisons were performed using a significance level of α=0.05. Results: The DC, FS, and M were found to be significantly influenced by both radiant exposure and accelerated aging time. The DC and EM increased with radiant exposure in the no-aging group (0-hour aging) for both micro-hybrid and nanofilled composites, whereas no correlation was found after accelerated aging protocols. WS and WL of micro-hybrid and nanofilled composite resins were scarcely affected by radiant exposure (p>0.05), whereas they were significantly reduced by accelerated aging (p<0.001). Conclusions: Although increasing radiant exposure affected the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of micro-hybrid and nanofilled composites, no influence on the hydrolytic degradation of the material was observed. In contrast, UV accelerated aging affected both the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Área Académica de Odontología, Pachuca de Soto, México
| | - Carine Tais Walter Meereis
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Norma D'accorso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Macchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Departamento de Materiales Dentales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Leticia Ancona-Meza
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Área Académica de Odontología, Pachuca de Soto, México
| | - Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Área Académica de Odontología, Pachuca de Soto, México
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Ajaj RA, Nassar HM, Hasanain FA. Infection Control Barrier and Curing Time as Factors Affecting the Irradiance of Light-Cure Units. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:523-528. [PMID: 30596043 PMCID: PMC6280572 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_226_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of infection control barrier (ICB) and curing time on irradiance of light cure units (LCUs). Methods Irradiance (mW/cm2) of the LCUs at a government dental school were recorded with and without ICB at 0 (T0), 10 (T10), and 20 (T20) seconds using a digital radiometer. Data were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 17 for Windows software for the analysis of variance and Bonferroni methods at 0.05 significance level. Results Using ICB resulted in a statistically significant effect on the irradiance mean (P < 0.01). A significant difference existed between the four different brands of LCUs at different time intervals, irrespective of the use of ICB. At T0 and T10, the mean output of Acteon mini-light-emitting diode (LED) was significantly higher than that of either the Kerr Demi Ultra or the Kavo Polylux II. At T20, E-Morlit's mean irradiance was significantly higher than that of Kerr Demi Ultra, which in turn was significantly higher than that of the Kavo PolyLux II. The mean irradiance of the LEDs was significantly higher than that of the halogens irrespective of barrier placement and at all-time points. Conclusion The ICB used in this study resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the irradiance output. No significant difference in the irradiance was found at different curing time intervals for the tested units regardless of ICB usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Ajaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M Nassar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatin A Hasanain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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