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Kim MJ, Mangal U, Seo JY, Kim JY, Kim JY, Ryu JH, Kim HJ, Lee KJ, Kwon JS, Choi SH. A novel zwitterion incorporated Nano-crystalline ceramic and polymer for bacterial resistant dental CAD-CAM block. J Dent 2024; 148:105054. [PMID: 38796091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To create bacteria-resistant dental CAD-CAM blocks with a biofilm-resistant effect by incorporating Nano-crystalline ceramic and polymer (NCP) with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and at an equimolar ratio, referred to as MS. METHODS Experimental groups comprised NCP blocks containing zwitterions at 0.15wt% (MS015) and 0.45wt% (MS045). NCP blocks without MS served as control (CTRL). Flexural strength, surface hardness, water sorption and solubility, photometric properties, and cytotoxicity were assessed for all samples. Additionally, the resistance to single and multi-species bacterial adhesion was investigated. RESULTS MS045 showed significant reduction in flexural strength (P < 0.01) compared to both CTRL and MS015. Both MS015 and MS045 showed significantly increased water sorption and significant reduction in water solubility compared to CTRL. Light transmission remained consistent across all MS content levels, but the irradiance value decreased by 12 % in the MS045 group compared to the MS015 group. Notably, compared to the CTRL group, the MS015 group exhibited enhanced resistance to adhesion by Porphyromonas gingivalis and a multi-species salivary biofilm, with biofilm thickness and biomass reduced by 45 % and 56 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NCP containing 0.15 % MS can effectively reduce adhesion of multiple species of bacteria while maintaining physical and mechanical properties. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE NCP integrating zwitterions is clinically advantageous in resisting bacterial adhesion at internal and external margins of milled indirect restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Utkarsh Mangal
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Joon Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ikemoto S, Nagamatsu Y, Masaki C, Hosokawa R, Ikeda H. Development of zirconia-based polymer-infiltrated ceramic network for dental restorative material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106320. [PMID: 38134584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) materials have gained considerable attention as tooth restorative materials owing to their mechanical compatibility with human teeth. However, the mechanical strength of contemporary PICN materials is lower than those of conventional resin composites and ceramics. This study aims to develop novel high-strength PICN for use as a dental restorative material. Zirconia-based PICN (EXP) was fabricated using 3 mol% yttria tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia powder and resin monomers via slip casting, followed by sintering and polymer infiltration. Comprehensive analyses of the microstructure, mechanical properties, and physicochemical properties of EXP were performed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inorganic content measurements, three-point bending test, Vickers hardness test, two-body wear test, shear bond strength (SBS) test, surface free energy analysis, and water sorption/solubility test. Commercially available computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials, including resin composite (CERASMART), silicate-based PICN (ENAMIC), and zirconia ceramic (e.max ZirCAD), were used for comparison. The analyses highlight the dual network structure of EXP, which comprised a zirconia skeleton and an infiltrated resin phase. EXP exhibits a flexural strength of 346.0 ± 46.0 MPa, flexural modulus of 44.0 ± 3.7 GPa, and Vickers hardness of 440.1 ± 51.2 VHN. The mechanical properties of EXP are significantly higher than those of CERASMART and ENAMIC but lower than those of ZirCAD. Notably, the EXP hardness closely mimics that of the human enamel. The wear volume, SBS, and water sorption/solubility of EXP are comparable to those of CERASMART and ENAMIC. Therefore, EXP has potential applications as a tooth restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Ikemoto
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan; Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagamatsu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan.
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Elmokadem MI, Haggag KM, Mohamed HR. Effect of Thermo-mechanical Cycling on Fracture Resistance of Different CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:29-34. [PMID: 38514428 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on fracture resistance of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 CAD/CAM crowns were fabricated on epoxy resin maxillary first premolar teeth and divided into three groups (n = 14) according to the material used: IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) lithium disilicate (LD), Vita ENAMIC (VE) (VITA Zahnfabrik), Tetric CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent). Also, each group was subdivided into two equal subgroups according to TMC (n = 7). Subgroups (O) without TMC and subgroup (W) with TMC (5-55°C, 30 second, 75,000 cycles). All samples in each group were cemented with a universal bond (Tetric N bond universal) and adhesive resin cement (Variolink Esthetic DC) (Ivoclar Vivadent). Subsequently, the samples were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and the fracture pattern and the fracture resistance in each group were recorded. RESULTS Fracture resistance was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for pairwise comparison. Fracture resistance showed a significant difference between the tested groups before and after TMC; IPS e.max CAD has the highest value (1233.35 ± 97.72, 1165.73 ± 199.54 N) followed by Tetric CAD (927.62 ± 42.5, 992.04 ± 53.46 N) and Vita ENAMIC has lowest value (506.49 ± 74.24, 354.69 ± 90.36 N). CONCLUSION Thermo-mechanical cycling affected the fracture resistance of both polymer-based CAD/CAM crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For dental practitioners, both IPS e.max CAD and Tetric CAD can be used clinically for posterior teeth, providing satisfactory results and resistance to fracture. How to cite this article: Elmokadem MI, Haggag KM, Mohamed HR. Effect of Thermo-mechanical Cycling on Fracture Resistance of Different CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):29-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Elmokadem
- Department of Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Phone: +20 1005840669, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6672-5994
| | - Khaled M Haggag
- Department of Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein Ramadan Mohamed
- Department of Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Choi SH, Shim HW, Lee HH, Ahn JS, Kim YJ, Shin SY, Lee JH, Choi YS. Effects of ultraviolet weathering aging on the color stability and biocompatibility of various computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing glass-ceramic materials. J Dent 2023; 139:104746. [PMID: 37863174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the changes in color stability and biocompatibility of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) glass-ceramics after ultraviolet weathering (UW) aging. METHODS A total of 300 plate-shaped specimens (12.0 × 14.0 × 1.5 mm3) were prepared using a leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD; E), a lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD; M), and two zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo; C, Vita Suprinity; V) glass-ceramics. Specimens were divided into three groups (n = 25, each), subjected to water storage at 37 °C for 24 h (control group), or UW aging at 150 kJ/m2 (first-aged group) or 300 kJ/m2 (second-aged group). The color stability, mechanical and surface properties, and biocompatibility of the CAD-CAM glass-ceramics were investigated experimentally, followed by statistical analysis. RESULTS The brightness and redness or greenness were reduced in all groups after aging. After the first aging, V exhibited the largest color change and E exhibited the smallest color change. After the second aging, E exhibited the highest nanoindentation hardness and Young's modulus. The surface roughness was the highest for V after the first aging. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of the materials increased after aging process. The cell proliferation/viability of human gingival fibroblasts was the highest in E before and after aging. Almost all cells survived for all groups based on a live/dead assay. CONCLUSIONS Leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic exhibit the highest color stability and biocompatibility after aging. The color stability and biocompatibility of CAD-CAM glass-ceramics depend on the aging process and material type. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Various CAD-CAM glass-ceramics exhibit adequate color stability after UW aging. The leucite-reinforced glass-ceramics exhibit the highest color stability, cell proliferation, and viability after aging. The color stability, mechanical and surface properties, and biocompatibility of the glass-ceramics depend on the aging process and material type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Shim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Ahn
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Shin
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Sung Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Heydarian A, Darvishi P, Mortazavi H, Mortazavy Beni H. Experimental and numerical responses of fibroblast and epithelial cells to the frequency of electric toothbrush. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105697. [PMID: 36791573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the oral environment, fibroblast and gingival epithelial cells undergo distinct forces. Chewing, brushing, or force interactions with dental materials like implants can produce these forces. The behavior and response of these cells to forces are determined by their stiffness. Additionally, this behavior can be crucial in mechanosensory and tissue development. In this study, after being cultured using nanomagnet materials, fibroblast and epithelial cells were subjected to magnetic tweezers cytometry testing, and the viscoelastic model was used to determine their stiffness. The reaction of single gingival cells was modeled by determining the stiffness of cells at Gel Point frequencies and the operating frequency of electric toothbrushes and employing the Finite Element Method (FEM). Epithelial cell and fibroblast gel points took place at frequencies of 5Hz and 3Hz, respectively. At these frequencies, the behavior of cells is both quasi-solid and fluid. In addition, the findings of the finite element analysis demonstrated that the cells undergo a greater degree of deformation at the Gel point frequency compared to the operating frequency of toothbrushes. This quantity was approximately 331 times greater in epithelial cells, which reached a maximum of 7.114 μm. Additionally, the maximal fibroblast cell deformation at 3Hz frequency was determined to be 2.981 μm, which is roughly 117 times that at 150Hz frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Heydarian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Darvishi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mortazavi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
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Osman MA, Alamoush RA, Kushnerev E, Seymour KG, Shawcross S, Yates JM. Human osteoblasts response to different dental implant abutment materials: An in-vitro study. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1547-1557. [PMID: 35909000 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate human osteoblasts (HOB) response towards different dental implant abutment materials. METHODS Five dental implant abutment materials were investigated: (1) titanium (Ti), (2) titanium coated nitride (TiN), (3) cobalt chromium (CoCr), (4) zirconia (ZrO₂), and (5) modified polyether ether ketone (m-PEEK). HOBs were cultured, expanded, and seeded according to the supplier's protocol (PromoCell, UK). Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were evaluated at days 1, 3, 5, and 10 using Alamar Blue (alamarBlue) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) colorimetric assays. Data were analysed via two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (significance was determined as p < 0.05 for all tests). RESULTS All the investigated materials showed high and comparable initial proliferation activities apart from ZrO₂ (46.92%), with P% of 79.91%, 68.77%, 73.20%, and 65.46% for Ti, TiN, CoCr, and m-PEEK, respectively. At day 10, all materials exhibited comparable and lower P% than day 1 apart from TiN (70.90%) with P% of 30.22%, 40.64%, 37.27%, and 50.65% for Ti, CoCr, ZrO₂, and m-PEEK, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of the investigated materials was generally low throughout the whole experiment. At day 10, the cytotoxicity % was 7.63%, 0.21%, 13.30%, 5.32%, 8.60% for Ti, TiN, CoCr, ZrO₂, and m-PEEK. The Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Method highlighted significant material and time effects on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, and a significant interaction (p < 0.0001) between the tested materials. Notably, TiN and m-PEEK showed improved HOB proliferation activity and cytotoxic levels than the other investigated materials. In addition, a non-significant negative correlation between viability and cytotoxicity was found for all tested materials. Ti (p = 0.07), TiN (p = 0.28), CoCr (p = 0.15), ZrO₂ (p = 0.17), and m-PEEK (p = 0.12). SIGNIFICANCE All the investigated materials showed excellent biocompatibility properties with more promising results for the newly introduced TiN and m-PEEK as alternatives to the traditionally used dental implant and abutment materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz A Osman
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya; Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, 3.106 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Rasha A Alamoush
- Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Evgeny Kushnerev
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G Seymour
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Shawcross
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, 3.106 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M Yates
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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In-Vitro Phenotypic Response of Human Osteoblasts to Different Degrees of Titanium Surface Roughness. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080140. [PMID: 36005238 PMCID: PMC9406766 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate human osteoblast (HOB) responses towards different degrees of titanium (Ti) implant surface roughness. Methods: Four degrees of Ti surface roughness were investigated on a micrometer roughness scale: smooth (S: 0.08−0.1 µm), minimally rough (MM: 0.3−0.5 µm), moderately rough (MR: 1.2−1.4 µm), and rough (R: 3.3−3.7 µm). HOB cells were cultured, expanded, and maintained according to the supplier’s protocol. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were assessed at day 1, 3, 5, and 10 using alamarBlue and lactate dehydrogenase colorimetric assays. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test (p = 0.05 for all tests). Results: There was no significant difference in the cell proliferation or cytotoxicity of the HOB cells in contact with the different degrees of Ti surface roughness. There was, however, a significant time effect on cell proliferation (p < 0.0001) with different exposure durations for each roughness degree. Furthermore, a positive correlation (non-significant) between proliferation and cytotoxicity was observed for all investigated degrees of surface roughness. Conclusion: All investigated roughness degrees showed comparable HOB proliferation, with the MR surface presenting the highest percentage, followed by the R, MM, ad S, surfaces, respectively. The S surface showed the highest cytotoxic effect on HOBs; however, it did not reach the cytotoxic level suggested by the ISO for any medical device to be considered cytotoxic.
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Response of human gingival keratinocytes to hybrid CAD/CAM material eluates. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1532-1546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dental Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Resin Containing a Nanoporous Silica Filler. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010032. [PMID: 35323232 PMCID: PMC8948615 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based resins have been conventionally used in dental prostheses owing to their good biocompatibility. However, PMMA-based resins have relatively poor mechanical properties. In the present study, a novel nanoporous silica filler was developed and introduced into PMMA-based resins to improve their mechanical properties. The filler was prepared by sintering a green body composed of silica and an organic binder, followed by grinding to a fine powder and subsequent silanization. The filler was added to photocurable PMMA-based resin, which was prepared from MMA, PMMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and a photo-initiator. The filler was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The PMMA-based resins were characterized by SEM and FT-IR, and the mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, flexural modulus, and flexural strength) and physicochemical properties (water sorption and solubility) were evaluated. The results suggested that the filler consisted of microparticles with nanopores. The filler at 23 wt % was well dispersed in the PMMA-based resin matrix. The mechanical and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based resin improved significantly with the addition of the developed filler. Therefore, such filler-loaded PMMA-based resins are potential candidates for improving the strength and durability of polymer-based crown and denture base.
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Nakai M, Imai K, Hashimoto Y. Cell viability of fine powders in hybrid resins and ceramic materials for CAD/CAM. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:495-505. [PMID: 35264544 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resin blocks and ceramic blocks for CAD/CAM crowns were cut into powders and separated into three particle size groups. Oxidative stress and cell viability were measured in 3T3 and FRSK cells. The results of cytotoxicity tended to be slightly higher for resin than for ceramics. The values also increased as the particle size decreased in the powders. In addition, incorporation into cells was frequently observed under SEM, suggesting that the particle size of easily incorporated dust is different among cell types. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) showed an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in cell viability in most of the sample groups compared to the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the cells showed deep staining of the nuclei in the sample groups. It was found that oxidative stress cell viability and apoptosis appeared differently depending on the size of the particles and the type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakai
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Koichi Imai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
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11
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Wei X, Pan Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Lin H, Jiang L, Lin D, Cheng H. Comparative analysis of leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:2887-2898. [PMID: 35083585 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate leaching residual monomer and biological effects of four types of conventional and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental polymers on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 540 disk-shaped specimens were fabricated from four different materials (n=135 per group): compression-molding polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (conventional denture polymer), CAD/CAM PMMA (CAD/CAM denture polymer), bis-acrylic composite resin (conventional temporary polymer), and CAD/CAM PMMA (CAD/CAM temporary polymer). Specimens were eluted in cell culture medium for 72 h at 37°C, and the residual monomer in eluates subsequently was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological effects of material eluates on HGFs were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify cell death patterns and its biological mechanism. RESULTS Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was detected only in compression-molding PMMA, and by-products were detected in bis-acrylic composite resin. The cell proliferation of CAD/CAM denture polymer or CAD/CAM temporary polymer was greater than that of compression-molding PMMA or bis-acrylic composite resin at 72 h in culture. No apoptosis and necrosis were detected in CAD/CAM dental polymers. Apoptosis was detected only in bis-acrylic composite resin and further confirmed by the upregulation of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3, as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2 gene. And no significant variation in inflammatory cytokines secretion was observed in all materials. CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM dental polymers (including temporary and denture polymers) have favorable biocompatibility due to lower residual monomer, which provides scientific evidence to the controversy of biocompatibility of conventional and CAD/CAM dental polymers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of CAD/CAM dental polymers is recommended in the fabrication of temporary restorations and dentures due to their favorable biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Honglei Lin
- Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Institute of Stomatology and Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Donghong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial and Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
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Hata K, Ikeda H, Nagamatsu Y, Masaki C, Hosokawa R, Shimizu H. Development of Dental Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Resin for Stereolithography Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244435. [PMID: 34960985 PMCID: PMC8706392 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in dental applications. However, PMMA specialized for stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing (3D-printing) has not been developed yet. This study aims to develop a novel PMMA-based resin for SLA 3D-printing by mixing methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and PMMA powder in various mixing ratios. The printability and the viscosity of the PMMA-based resins were examined to determine their suitability for 3D-printing. The mechanical properties (flexural strength and Vickers hardness), shear bond strength, degree of conversion, physicochemical properties (water sorption and solubility), and cytotoxicity for L929 cells of the resulting resins were compared with those of three commercial resins: one self-cured resin and two 3D-print resins. EGDMA and PMMA were found to be essential components for SLA 3D-printing. The viscosity increased with PMMA content, while the mechanical properties improved as EGDMA content increased. The shear bond strength tended to decrease as EGDMA increased. Based on these characteristics, the optimal composition was determined to be 30% PMMA, 56% EGDMA, 14% MMA with flexural strength (84.6 ± 7.1 MPa), Vickers hardness (21.6 ± 1.9), and shear bond strength (10.5 ± 1.8 MPa) which were comparable to or higher than those of commercial resins. The resin’s degree of conversion (71.5 ± 0.7%), water sorption (19.7 ± 0.6 μg/mm3), solubility (below detection limit), and cell viability (80.7 ± 6.2% at day 10) were all acceptable for use in an oral environment. The printable PMMA-based resin is a potential candidate material for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hata
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (K.H.); (C.M.); (R.H.)
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-582-1131; Fax: +81-93-592-1699
| | - Yuki Nagamatsu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (K.H.); (C.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (K.H.); (C.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
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Review on Polymer, Ceramic and Composite Materials for CAD/CAM Indirect Restorations in Dentistry-Application, Mechanical Characteristics and Comparison. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071592. [PMID: 33805176 PMCID: PMC8037100 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review article is to present various material groups, including ceramics, composites and hybrid materials, currently utilized in the field of CAD/CAM. The described technology is amongst the most important in modern prosthetics. Materials that are applicable in this technique are constantly tested, evaluated and improved. Nowadays, research on dental materials is carried out in order to meet the increasing demand on highly aesthetic and functional indirect restorations. Recent studies present the long-term clinical success of restorations made with the help of both ceramic and composite materials in the CAD/CAM method. However, new materials are developed and introduced that do not have long-term in vivo observations. We can outline a monolithic polymer-infiltrated ceramic network and zirconia teeth support that show promising results to date but require further assessment. The materials will be compared with regard to their mechanical and clinical properties, purpose, advantages and limitations.
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14
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Salètes M, Vartin M, Mocquot C, Chevalier C, Grosgogeat B, Colon P, Attik N. Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses Cytocompatibility Assessment: A Review of In Vitro Studies. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:9. [PMID: 33498616 PMCID: PMC7839003 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to their high porosity and surface area, mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) have gained significant interest in the field of medical applications, in particular, with regards to enhanced bioactive properties which facilitate bone regeneration. The aim of this article is to review the state of the art regarding the biocompatibility evaluation of MBGs and provide a discussion of the various approaches taken. The research was performed using PubMed database and covered articles published in the last five years. From a total of 91 articles, 63 were selected after analyzing them according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. In vitro methodologies and techniques used for biocompatibility assessment were investigated. Among the biocompatibility assessment techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used to study cell morphology and adhesion. Viability and proliferation were assessed using different assays including cell counting and/or cell metabolic activity measurement. Finally, cell differentiation tests relied on the alkaline phosphatase assay; however, these were often complemented by specific bimolecular tests according to the exact application of the mesoporous bioactive glass. The standardization and validation of all tests performed for MBG cytocompatibility is a key aspect and crucial point and should be considered in order to avoid inconsistencies, bias between studies, and unnecessary consumption of time. Therefore, introducing standard tests would serve an important role in the future assessment and development of MBG materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Salètes
- CPE Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Marta Vartin
- CPE Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Caroline Mocquot
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service D’odontologie, Faculté Dentaire, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Charlène Chevalier
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service D’odontologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Colon
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service D’odontologie, Faculté Dentaire, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université de Lyon—Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.M.); (C.C.); (B.G.); (P.C.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
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