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Thadathil Varghese J, Raju R, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Comparative analysis of self-cure and dual cure-dental composites on their physico-mechanical behaviour. Aust Dent J 2024; 69:124-138. [PMID: 38131257 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practitioners may have become familiar with the rapid transformation of dental composites. However, they may not scientifically understand the factors influencing the mechanical and physical properties. Scientific knowledge of filler-resin interaction can significantly improve clinical understanding of resin composites. Several independent studies have examined the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of dental resin composites; however, no comprehensive study has examined the influence of fillers and resin materials on the physico-mechanical properties of both self-cure and dual-cure composites. METHODS This study performed investigations on the physico-mechanical behaviour of four commercially available dual-cure dental composites (Bioactive, Fill Up!, Surefil One, Cention N) and two commercially available self-cure dental composites (Stela Capsule and Stela Automix). Test specimens for flexural and compressive strength, microhardness, fracture toughness, and hydrolytic behaviour were prepared and tested as per respective standards. The data sets were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparison. RESULTS There was a substantial variation in flexural strength and modulus values in this study, ranging from 32.0 to 113.4 MPa and 2.36 to 12.07 GPa, respectively. Similarly, there were significant differences in compressive strength between the materials in this study, ranging from 119.3 to 223.5 MPa. The highest fracture toughness value was found to be 1.41 MPa.m0.5, while the lowest value was 0.43 MPa.m0.5. Variations in surface microhardness were significant (24.11-68.0 N/mm2), which correlated with the filler content. Water sorption and solubility demonstrated high variations among materials, with Surefil One exceeding ISO 4049 thresholds significantly. CONCLUSIONS A linear correlation can be established between surface microhardness (HV) and flexural and compressive moduli, as well as filler content (wt.%). However, both flexural and compressive strengths are impacted by the resin's constituent monomers and the resin-filler matrix's cross-linking capability. Additionally, factors such as filler size, shape, and the cross-linking ability of the resin-filler matrix play a crucial role in fracture toughness and the propagation of cracks within the restoration. Also, resin monomers and filler particle size affect the hydrolytic degradation characteristics of composites, which can also affect their mechanical properties. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thadathil Varghese
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Raju
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Farrar
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Prentice
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - B G Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Composites Manufacturing CRC Ltd. (ACM CRC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Thadathil Varghese J, Islam F, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Multi-response optimisation analysis of material properties in dental restorative composites under the influence of thermal and thermomechanical stimuli - A 3D finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106363. [PMID: 38169207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Restored teeth undergo more damage than intact teeth. Therefore, the scientific investigation of their mechanical and physical behaviour under varying oral conditions is vital. The current study is to numerically investigate the stresses on a class-II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) restored molar due to thermal and thermomechanical stimuli with varying input properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion and elastic properties. This is performed to optimise the dental restoration material, thereby reducing the stresses and failure of the restoration. METHODS An upper molar was scanned using μ-CT for segmenting and modelling the enamel and dentine. A class-II MOD cavity was then prepared on the model, after which non-manifold meshing was generated. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and elastic modulus (E) properties of the restoration were varied from 20 × 10-6 °C-1 to 55 × 10-6 °C-1 and 5 GPa-20 GPa, respectively. After the material properties and boundary conditions were set for the finite element (FE) analysis, the thermal and thermomechanical loading analyses were performed to demonstrate the influence of input parameters on the stress. The maximum values of principal stresses on the restoration-enamel junction and the restoration were evaluated. The results were statistically processed using analysis of variance, response surface methodology (RSM) and optimisation analysis to estimate the most optimum inputs for minimising principal stresses. RESULTS The study reveals that the location of principal stress occurs at the restoration-enamel junction (REJ) and the restoration changes based on the composite material value of E and CTE due to thermal and thermomechanical stimuli. The REJ showed higher principal stress than restoration during the application of both thermal and thermomechanical stimuli, making it more vulnerable to fracture and failure. Moreover, the study showed non-linear variations in the values and locations of principal stresses due to thermal and thermomechanical stimuli with the change in the property of the restoration composite used. Finally, this study derived an optimised restorative value for CTE and E due to the application of thermal and simultaneous thermal and mechanical stimuli. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of choosing the suitable material properties of the restoration composite by dental clinicians to repair a large class MOD cavity. The findings from this study also suggest that the difference in the values of E and CTE in a dental restoration composite when compared with the enamel causes a lack of uniformity in mechanical and thermal properties, thereby forming stress concentrations at the interfaces. The study establishes two optimised CTE and E values for the MOD restoration composite as 25 × 10-6 °C-1 and 20 GPa and 37 × 10-6 °C-1 and 5 GPa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - B Gangadhara Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, NSW, 2052, Australia; ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Australian Composite Manufacturing CRC, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Park S, Park C. A combined 3D printed metal and resin digital denture: 5-year follow-up data and a creative design concept. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(23)00838-7. [PMID: 38272761 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Many denture frameworks are currently manufactured using metal 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology. However, this advanced technology is still limited to conventional denture designs. A metal 3D printing-based denture design concept was developed and is presented based on a nonwear occlusal surface, a nonfracture denture base, and a novel connection between metal and resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyong Park
- Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital-Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; and Professor, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; and Visiting Scholar and Professor, Section of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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Tseng PC, Chuang SF, Kaisarly D, Kunzelmann KH. Simulating the shrinkage-induced interfacial damage around Class I composite resin restorations with damage mechanics. Dent Mater 2023; 39:513-521. [PMID: 37031095 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the shrinkage-induced damage at the composite-tooth interface by finite element analysis (FEA) using the cohesive zone model (CZM). METHODS Axisymmetric models of Class I restorations were created to illustrate the interfacial damage around composite resin restorations of different dimensions, with polymerization shrinkage modeled analogously to thermal shrinkage. The damage to the adhesive interface was determined using a CZM based on the fracture strength and fracture energy. To show the effects of damage, conventional models with perfectly bonded composite resin restorations were created as controls. RESULTS The results indicated interfacial damage at the butt-joint cavosurface margin, dentinoenamel junction, and internal line angle. The percentage of damaged interfacial area was found to increase with decreasing diameter for restorations of the same height. For a given diameter, the damage was more severe for restorations of greater depth. The effects of the damage were further illustrated in the model with a restoration of 2-mm diameter and height. The interfacial damage occurred primarily at the internal line angle (83.3 % of all the damaged interfacial area), leading to local stress relief (from 18.3 MPa to 12.8 MPa), but also higher stress at the damage fronts. Greater local shrinkage was found in composites adjacent to the damage. SIGNIFICANCE The damage mechanics-based CZM is an essential refinement of the FEA to predict interfacial damage and its implications. The extent of damage was found to be greater around restorations with smaller diameters and greater depths. The entire simulation is available via an open-source platform to facilitate further applications in adhesive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Shu-Fen Chuang
- School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dalia Kaisarly
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karl-Heinz Kunzelmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Pieniak D, Niewczas AM, Pikuła K, Gil L, Krzyzak A, Przystupa K, Kordos P, Kochan O. Effect of Hydrothermal Factors on the Microhardness of Bulk-Fill and Nanohybrid Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2130. [PMID: 36903245 PMCID: PMC10004216 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of aging in artificial saliva and thermal shocks on the microhardness of the bulk-fill composite compared to the nanohybrid composite. Two commercial composites, Filtek Z550 (3M ESPE) (Z550) and Filtek Bulk-Fill (3M ESPE) (B-F), were tested. The samples were exposed to artificial saliva (AS) for one month (control group). Then, 50% of the samples from each composite were subjected to thermal cycling (temperature range: 5-55 °C, cycle time: 30 s, number of cycles: 10,000) and another 50% were put back into the laboratory incubator for another 25 months of aging in artificial saliva. The samples' microhardness was measured using the Knoop method after each stage of conditioning (after 1 month, after 10,000 thermocycles, after another 25 months of aging). The two composites in the control group differed considerably in hardness (HK = 89 for Z550, HK = 61 for B-F). After thermocycling, the microhardness decrease was for Z550 approximately 22-24% and for B-F approximately 12-15%. Hardness after 26 months of aging decreased for Z550 (approximately 3-5%) and B-F (15-17%). B-F had a significantly lower initial hardness than Z550, but it showed an approximately 10% lower relative reduction in hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pieniak
- Tribology Center, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Sustainable Technologies (L-ITEE), Ul. Pułaskiego 6/10, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Faculty of Transport and Computer Science, WSEI University, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata M. Niewczas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Pikuła
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leszek Gil
- Faculty of Transport and Computer Science, WSEI University, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Krzyzak
- Faculty of Aeronautics, Military University of Aviation in Dęblin, 35 Dywizjonu 303, 08-521 Deblin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przystupa
- Department of Automation, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Kordos
- Institute of Transport, Combustion Engines and Ecology, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Orest Kochan
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Department of Measuring Information Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bandery Str. 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
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Sakhabutdinova L, Kamenskikh AA, Kuchumov AG, Nosov Y, Baradina I. Numerical Study of the Mechanical Behaviour of Wedge-Shaped Defect Filling Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15207387. [PMID: 36295452 PMCID: PMC9611093 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with direct restorations of teeth with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). NCCL defects are capable of gradual growth and are accompanied by the degradation of the surrounding tissue. Direct restorative treatment, in which the cavity is filled with a cementing agent, is considered to be an accessible and common treatment option. The study included simulations of the teeth without lesions, the teeth with V and U lesions and the tooth-restorative system. Parameterised numerical tooth models were constructed. Two cases with defect depths of 0.8 mm and ~1.7 mm and three variants with fillet radii of the defect end of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm were considered. The effect of two biomaterials for restorations was studied, namely Herculite XRV (Kerr Corp, Orange, CA, USA) and Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The models were deformed with a vertical load of 100 to 1000 N from the antagonist tooth. The tooth-restorative system was considered, taking into consideration the contact interaction in the interface areas with the tooth tissues. Within the limits of the research, the character of the distribution of the deformation characteristics and their dependence on the level of loading, the depth of the defect and the radius of the curvature of the "wedge" were established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyaysan Sakhabutdinova
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Mechanics and Biomechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Anna A. Kamenskikh
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Mechanics and Biomechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Alex G. Kuchumov
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Mechanics and Biomechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Yuriy Nosov
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Mechanics and Biomechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
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