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Ilic K, Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Sedmak G, Rosenzweig I, Kalanj-Bognar S. Neuroplastin in human cognition: review of literature and future perspectives. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:394. [PMID: 34282131 PMCID: PMC8289873 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic glycoprotein neuroplastin is involved in synaptic plasticity and complex molecular events underlying learning and memory. Studies in mice and rats suggest that neuroplastin is essential for cognition, as it is needed for long-term potentiation and associative memory formation. Recently, it was found that some of the effects of neuroplastin are related to regulation of calcium homeostasis through interactions with plasma membrane calcium ATPases. Neuroplastin is increasingly seen as a key factor in complex brain functions, but studies in humans remain scarce. Here we summarize present knowledge about neuroplastin in human tissues and argue its genetic association with cortical thickness, intelligence, schizophrenia, and autism; specific immunolocalization depicting hippocampal trisynaptic pathway; potential role in tissue compensatory response in neurodegeneration; and high, almost housekeeping, level of spatio-temporal gene expression in the human brain. We also propose that neuroplastin acts as a housekeeper of neuroplasticity, and that it may be considered as an important novel cognition-related molecule in humans. Several promising directions for future investigations are suggested, which may complete our understanding of neuroplastin actions in molecular basis of human cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Ilic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Mlinac-Jerkovic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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Vemula SK, Malci A, Junge L, Lehmann AC, Rama R, Hradsky J, Matute RA, Weber A, Prigge M, Naumann M, Kreutz MR, Seidenbecher CI, Gundelfinger ED, Herrera-Molina R. The Interaction of TRAF6 With Neuroplastin Promotes Spinogenesis During Early Neuronal Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:579513. [PMID: 33363141 PMCID: PMC7755605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.579513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct brain wiring depends on reliable synapse formation. Nevertheless, signaling codes promoting synaptogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we report a spinogenic mechanism that operates during neuronal development and is based on the interaction of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) with the synaptic cell adhesion molecule neuroplastin. The interaction between these proteins was predicted in silico and verified by co-immunoprecipitation in extracts from rat brain and co-transfected HEK cells. Binding assays show physical interaction between neuroplastin’s C-terminus and the TRAF-C domain of TRAF6 with a Kd value of 88 μM. As the two proteins co-localize in primordial dendritic protrusions, we used young cultures of rat and mouse as well as neuroplastin-deficient mouse neurons and showed with mutagenesis, knock-down, and pharmacological blockade that TRAF6 is required by neuroplastin to promote early spinogenesis during in vitro days 6-9, but not later. Time-framed TRAF6 blockade during days 6–9 reduced mEPSC amplitude, number of postsynaptic sites, synapse density and neuronal activity as neurons mature. Our data unravel a new molecular liaison that may emerge during a specific window of the neuronal development to determine excitatory synapse density in the rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Kumar Vemula
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ayse Malci
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Junge
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Christin Lehmann
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ramya Rama
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hradsky
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Matute
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - André Weber
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Prigge
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Herrera-Molina
- Laboratory of Synaptic Signaling, Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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3
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Inselman A, Liu F, Wang C, Shi Q, Pang L, Mattes W, White M, Lyn-Cook B, Rosas-Hernandez H, Cuevas E, Lantz S, Imam S, Ali S, Petibone DM, Shemansky JM, Xiong R, Wang Y, Tripathi P, Cao X, Heflich RH, Slikker W. Dr. Daniel Acosta and In Vitro toxicology at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's National Center for Toxicological Research. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 64:104471. [PMID: 31628011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For the past five years, Dr. Daniel Acosta has served as the Deputy Director of Research at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), a principle research laboratory of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Over his career at NCTR, Dr. Acosta has had a major impact on developing and promoting the use of in vitro assays in regulatory toxicity and product safety assessments. As Dr. Acosta nears his retirement we have dedicated this paper to his many accomplishments at the NCTR. Described within this paper are some of the in vitro studies that have been conducted under Dr. Acosta's leadership. These studies include toxicological assessments involving developmental effects, and the development and application of in vitro reproductive, heart, liver, neurological and airway cell and tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Inselman
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Li Pang
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Matthew White
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR 72916, USA
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | | | - Elvis Cuevas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Susan Lantz
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Syed Imam
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Syed Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Dayton M Petibone
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Jennifer M Shemansky
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Priya Tripathi
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, NCTR, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Josa-Prado F, Luo J, Rubin P, Henley JM, Wilkinson KA. Developmental profiles of SUMOylation pathway proteins in rat cerebrum and cerebellum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212857. [PMID: 30794696 PMCID: PMC6386258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation regulates multiple processes involved in the differentiation and maturation of cells and tissues during development. Despite this, relatively little is known about the spatial and temporal regulation of proteins that mediate SUMOylation and deSUMOylation in the CNS. Here we monitor the expression of key SUMO pathway proteins and levels of substrate protein SUMOylation in the forebrain and cerebellum of Wistar rats during development. Overall, the SUMOylation machinery is more highly-expressed at E18 and decreases thereafter, as previously described. All of the proteins investigated are less abundant in adult than in embryonic brain. Furthermore, we show for first time that the profiles differ between cerebellum and cerebrum, indicating differential regional regulation of some of the proteins analysed. These data provide further basic observation that may open a new perspective of research about the role of SUMOylation in the development of different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Josa-Prado
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Avda, de la Universidad, Madrid, España
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (FJP); (KAW)
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Rubin
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M. Henley
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A. Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (FJP); (KAW)
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Münster-Wandowski A, Heilmann H, Bolduan F, Trimbuch T, Yanagawa Y, Vida I. Distinct Localization of SNAP47 Protein in GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons in the Mouse and the Rat Hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:56. [PMID: 28751858 PMCID: PMC5508021 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein of 47 kDa (SNAP47) isoform is an atypical member of the SNAP family, which does not contribute directly to exocytosis and synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling. Initial characterization of SNAP47 revealed a widespread expression in nervous tissue, but little is known about its cellular and subcellular localization in hippocampal neurons. Therefore, in the present study we applied multiple-immunofluorescence labeling, immuno-electron microscopy and in situ hybridization (ISH) and analyzed the localization of SNAP47 in pre- and postsynaptic compartments of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the mouse and rat hippocampus. While the immunofluorescence signal for SNAP47 showed a widespread distribution in both mouse and rat, the labeling pattern was complementary in the two species: in the mouse the immunolabeling was higher over the CA3 stratum radiatum, oriens and cell body layer. In contrast, in the rat the labeling was stronger over the CA1 neuropil and in the CA3 stratum lucidum. Furthermore, in the mouse high somatic labeling for SNAP47 was observed in GABAergic interneurons (INs). On the contrary, in the rat, while most INs were positive, they blended in with the high neuropil labeling. ISH confirmed the high expression of SNAP47 RNA in INs in the mouse. Co-staining for SNAP47 and pre- and postsynaptic markers in the rat revealed a strong co-localization postsynaptically with PSD95 in dendritic spines of pyramidal cells and, to a lesser extent, presynaptically, with ZnT3 and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) in glutamatergic terminals such as mossy fiber (MF) boutons. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the pre- and postsynaptic localization at glutamatergic synapses. Furthermore, in the mouse hippocampus SNAP47 was found to be localized at low levels to dendritic shafts and axon terminals of putative INs forming symmetric synapses, indicating that this protein could be trafficked to both post- and presynaptic sites in both major cell types. These results reveal divergent localization of SNAP47 protein in mouse and rat hippocampus indicating species- and cell type-specific differences. SNAP47 is likely to be involved in unique fusion machinery which is distinct from the one involved in presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Nonetheless, our data suggest that SNAP47 may be involved not only postsynaptic, but also in presynaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike Heilmann
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Felix Bolduan
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Trimbuch
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Departments of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University, Graduate School of MedicineMaebashi City, Japan
| | - Imre Vida
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany.,Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
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6
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Gerace E, Landucci E, Totti A, Bani D, Guasti D, Baronti R, Moroni F, Mannaioni G, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE. Ethanol Toxicity During Brain Development: Alterations of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Immature Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:706-16. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gerace
- Department of Health Sciences; Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences; Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Arianna Totti
- Department of Health Sciences; Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine; Section of Anatomy & Histology; Research Unit of Histology & Embryology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine; Section of Anatomy & Histology; Research Unit of Histology & Embryology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Roberto Baronti
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory; Local Health Service; Florence Italy
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa); Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa); Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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7
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Fluidic system for long-term in vitro culturing and monitoring of organotypic brain slices. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 17:71. [PMID: 26123417 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain slice preparations cultured in vitro have long been used as a simplified model for studying brain development, electrophysiology, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. In this paper an open fluidic system developed for improved long term culturing of organotypic brain slices is presented. The positive effect of continuous flow of growth medium, and thus stability of the glucose concentration and waste removal, is simulated and compared to the effect of stagnant medium that is most often used in tissue culturing. Furthermore, placement of the tissue slices in the developed device was studied by numerical simulations in order to optimize the nutrient distribution. The device was tested by culturing transverse hippocampal slices from 7 days old NMRI mice for a duration of 14 days. The slices were inspected visually and the slices cultured in the fluidic system appeared to have preserved their structure better than the control slices cultured using the standard interface method.
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9
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Tribl F, Meyer HE, Marcus K. Analysis of organelles within the nervous system: impact on brain and organelle functions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:333-51. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.2.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Walls SA, Rosenwasser AM, Devaud LL. Sex and regional differences in effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure on subsequent excitotoxic challenges in hippocampal slice cultures. Neurosci Lett 2013; 550:6-11. [PMID: 23680460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The organotypic hippocampal slice culture technique was used to study how the effects of repeated ethanol withdrawal might differ between males and females at the cellular level, including potential modulation of subsequent insults. A chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure paradigm was employed, with 3 days of exposure followed by 24 h withdrawal for 3 cycles. Slices were next exposed to corticosterone (CORT) or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) for 24 h then imaged for propidium iodide (PI) signal intensities. There were sex-selective responses in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus of the hippocampal slice cultures to treatment with CIE and/or CORT or PTZ. The 50 mM CIE alone generally did not increase the PI signal, but enhanced sensitivity to the toxic effects of CORT (particularly for females) and PTZ (particularly for males). In contrast, 100 mM CIE elicited a toxic response that was greater in females than males, and was exacerbated by exposure to PTZ. These data showed that hippocampal sexual dimorphism influences sensitivity to ethanol and other toxic chemicals even in an immature state. Low-dose CIE may attenuate harm from additional challenges in a hippocampal sex- and region-selective manner. These findings add to the growing evidence of important neurobiological sex differences in responses to chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A Walls
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States.
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LRRK2 controls synaptic vesicle storage and mobilization within the recycling pool. J Neurosci 2011; 31:2225-37. [PMID: 21307259 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3730-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the single most common cause of inherited Parkinson's disease. Little is known about its involvement in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease mainly because of the lack of knowledge about the physiological role of LRRK2. To determine the function of LRRK2, we studied the impact of short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of LRRK2 expression in cortical neurons. Paired recording indicated that LRRK2 silencing affects evoked postsynaptic currents. Furthermore, LRRK2 silencing induces at the presynaptic site a redistribution of vesicles within the bouton, altered recycling dynamics, and increased vesicle kinetics. Accordingly, LRRK2 protein is present in the synaptosomal compartment of cortical neurons in which it interacts with several proteins involved in vesicular recycling. Our results suggest that LRRK2 modulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and distribution in neurons and in consequence participates in regulating the dynamics between vesicle pools inside the presynaptic bouton.
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Bickmeyer U, Heine M, Podbielski I, Münd D, Köck M, Karuso P. Tracking of fast moving neuronal vesicles with ageladine A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:489-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Mielke JG, Mealing GAR. Cellular distribution of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit in rat hippocampus. Neurosci Res 2009; 65:296-306. [PMID: 19682509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a region of the mammalian brain that has been extensively studied due to its role in many forms of memory. To better understand hippocampal function, significant attention has focused upon the cellular distribution of ligand-gated ion channels. Despite strong cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain and a dense expression of nicotinic acetylchoine receptors (nAChRs), the cellular distribution of subunits forming these receptors has received little attention. We used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) to study native alpha7 subunits, which, unlike other nAChR subunits, form a homomeric receptor. Cell-surface biotinylation, cross-linking of surface proteins, and sub-cellular fractionation all revealed a very limited presence of the subunit at the plasma membrane. In contrast, subunits of other receptors displayed significant surface expression. Notably, subunits in adult hippocampal tissue were distributed in a fashion similar to that observed in OHSCs. To monitor alpha7 subunits contained in functional nAChRs, a colourimetric assay using alpha-bungarotoxin (a specific alpha7 nAChR antagonist) was developed, and revealed a majority of binding at the cell surface. To change alpha7 subunit distribution, OHSCs were treated with compounds known to affect other ionotropic receptors-insulin, genistein, and elevated external K(+); however, neither subunit surface expression nor antagonist binding was affected. Our data reveal that hippocampal neurons possess a large internal population of alpha7 subunits under basal conditions, which persists during stimuli affecting tyrosine phosphorylation or neuronal activity. The nature of the internal pool of alpha7 subunits remains to be determined, but should have important implications for hippocampal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Mielke
- Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Eastwood SL, Weickert CS, Webster MJ, Herman MM, Kleinman JE, Harrison PJ. Synaptophysin protein and mRNA expression in the human hippocampal formation from birth to old age. Hippocampus 2007; 16:645-54. [PMID: 16807900 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the human neocortex, progressive synaptogenesis in early postnatal life is followed by a decline in synaptic density, then stability from adolescence until middle age. No comparable data are available in the hippocampus. In this study, the integral synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin, measured immunoautoradiographically, was used as an index of synaptic terminal abundance in the hippocampal formation of 37 subjects from 5 weeks to 86 yr old, divided into 4 age groups (10 infants, 15 adolescents/young adults, 6 adults, and 6 elderly). In all hippocampal subfields, synaptophysin was lowest in infancy, but did not differ significantly between the older age groups, except in dentate gyrus (DG) where the rise was delayed until adulthood. A similar developmental profile was found in the rat hippocampus. We also measured synaptophysin mRNA in the human subjects and found no age-related changes, except in parahippocampal gyrus wherein the mRNA declined from infancy to adolescence, and again in old age. The synaptophysin protein data demonstrate a significant presynaptic component to human postnatal hippocampal development. In so far as synaptophysin abundance reflects synaptic density, the findings support an increase in hippocampal and parahippocampal synapse formation during early childhood, but provide no evidence for adolescent synaptic pruning. The mRNA data indicate that the maturational increases in synaptophysin protein are either translational rather than transcriptional in origin, or else are secondary to mRNA increases in neurons, the cell bodies of which lie outside the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Eastwood
- Department of Psychiatry of the University of Oxford, Neurosciences Building, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Choi Y, McClain MA, LaPlaca MC, Frazier AB, Allen MG. Three dimensional MEMS microfluidic perfusion system for thick brain slice cultures. Biomed Microdevices 2006; 9:7-13. [PMID: 17091392 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-006-9004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro tissue culture models are often benchmarked by their ability to replicate in vivo function. One of the limitations of in vitro systems is the difficulty in preserving an orchestrated cell population, especially for generating three-dimensional tissue equivalents. For example, tissue-engineering applications involve large high-density constructs, requiring a perfusing system that is able to apply adequate oxygen and nutrients to the interior region of the tissue. This is particularly true with respect to thick tissue sections harvested for in vitro culture. We have fabricated a microneedle-based perfusion device for high-cell-density in vitro tissue culture from SU-8 photosensitive epoxy and suitable post-processing. The device was tested for its ability to improve viability in slices of harvested brain tissue. This model was chosen due to its acute sensitivity to disruptions in its nutrient supply. Improved viability was visible in the short term as assessed via live-dead discriminating fluorescent staining and confocal microscopy. This perfusion system opens up many possibilities for both neurobiological as well as other culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Choi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 791 Atlantic Dr. Atlanta, GA 30332-0250, USA
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Empson RM, Buckby LE, Kraus M, Bates KJ, Crompton MR, Gundelfinger ED, Beesley PW. The cell adhesion molecule neuroplastin-65 inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation via a mitogen-activated protein kinase p38-dependent reduction in surface expression of GluR1-containing glutamate receptors. J Neurochem 2006; 99:850-60. [PMID: 16925595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplastin-65 is a brain-specific, synapse-enriched member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. Previous studies highlighted the importance of neuroplastin-65 for long-term potentiation (LTP), but the mechanism was unclear. Here, we show how neuroplastin-65 activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK) modified synapse strength by altering surface glutamate receptor expression. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures treated with the complete extracellular fragment of neuroplastin-65 (FcIg1-3) sustained an increase in the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and an inability to induce LTP at hippocampal synapses. The LTP block was reversed by application of the p38MAPK inhibitor SB202190, suggesting that p38MAPK activation occurred downstream of neuroplastin-65 binding and upstream of the loss of LTP. Further investigation revealed that the mechanism underlying neuroplastin-65-dependent prevention of LTP was a p38MAPK-dependent acceleration of the loss of surface-exposed glutamate receptor subunits that was reversed by pretreatment with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Our results indicate that neuroplastin-65 binding and associated stimulation of p38MAPK activity are upstream of a mechanism to control surface glutamate receptor expression and thereby influence plasticity at excitatory hippocampal synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Empson
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK.
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Buckby LE, Jensen TP, Smith PJE, Empson RM. Network stability through homeostatic scaling of excitatory and inhibitory synapses following inactivity in CA3 of rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Mol Cell Neurosci 2006; 31:805-16. [PMID: 16500111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is a phenomenon whereby synaptic strength is scaled in the context of the activity that the network receives. Here, we have analysed excitatory and inhibitory synapses in a model of homeostatic plasticity where rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were deprived of excitatory synaptic input by the NMDA and AMPA/KA glutamate receptor antagonists, AP5 and CNQX. We show that chronic excitatory synapse deprivation generates an excitable CA3 network where enhanced amplitude and frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic potentials were associated with increased glutamate receptor subunit expression and increased number and size of synapsin 1 and VGLUT1 positive puncta. Intact spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic potentials coincided with persistent expression of the GABA-A receptor alpha subunit and GAD65 and an enhancement of parvalbumin-positive puncta. In this model of homeostatic plasticity, scaling up of synaptic excitation and maintenance of fast synaptic inhibition promote an excitable, but stable, CA3 network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Buckby
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
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Malkiewicz K, Mohammed R, Folkesson R, Winblad B, Szutowski M, Benedikz E. Polychlorinated biphenyls alter expression of α-synuclein, synaptophysin and parkin in the rat brain. Toxicol Lett 2006; 161:152-8. [PMID: 16174552 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)-induced changes in synaptic transmission are one of the effects of their neurotoxicity but the mechanism remains unknown. We assessed the in vivo effects of the PCBs mixture, Aroclor 1254 on the expression of neuronal proteins that are involved in the synaptic function and/or are associated with neurodegeneration. Wistar rats were treated orally with repeated doses of Aroclor 1254 and the levels of soluble alpha-synuclein, parkin, synaptophysin and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain were determined by Western blotting. The results showed that Aroclor did not cause changes in the expression and processing of APP but at a dose 100 microg/g/day repeated for 6 days caused a decrease in the expression of alpha-synuclein in the cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of the animals sacrificed 2 days after treatment. The decrease in alpha-synuclein was accompanied by a transient increase in parkin and synaptophysin levels. Interestingly, in the hypothalamus the levels of alpha-synuclein remained decreased after 21 days post treatment perhaps due to regional differences in the PCBs elimination or perhaps a more specific interaction with the dopaminergic cells that are present in the hypothalamus that needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Malkiewicz
- Karolinska Institutet, Neurotec, Section of Experimental Geriatrics, KFC, Novum, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mielke JG, Comas T, Woulfe J, Monette R, Chakravarthy B, Mealing GAR. Cytoskeletal, synaptic, and nuclear protein changes associated with rat interface organotypic hippocampal slice culture development. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2005; 160:275-86. [PMID: 16271399 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) are used to study function within the hippocampus, the effect of maintenance in vitro upon protein expression is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined developmental changes in cultures prepared from P8 rats and maintained on porous membranes between medium and atmosphere. Between 7 and 28 days following explantation, altered hippocampal morphology could not be detected despite a significant decrease in both MAP-2c and a mid-range tau isoform by 21 DIV. During the same period, lower GFAP expression was observed, and GFAP labeling suggested a migration of astrocytes to the slice-atmosphere interface. In contrast, levels of the synaptic proteins synaptophysin and PSD-95 were significantly increased, but GAP-43 was not. The preservation of myelinated axons and synapses, along with glial and endothelial cells, was confirmed by ultrastructural analysis. Furthermore, intranuclear inclusion bodies, which are associated with normal aging in vivo, were detected in the CA1 pyramidal layer in cultures older than 14 DIV. When OHSCs were maintained for approximately 3, 4, and 10 weeks, a rise and then fall in the expression of synaptophysin and, especially, PSD-95 were found, and the biphasic trend paralleled by significant changes in Schaffer collateral-evoked excitatory post-synaptic potentials from CA1 neurons. Our data not only describe changes in cytoskeletal, synaptic, and nuclear proteins related to the maintenance of interface OHSCs, but also emphasize the potential of the model for the study of age-related phenomena within the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Mielke
- Neurobiology Program, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd., Building M-54, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6.
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Jensen TP, Buckby LE, Empson RM. Expression of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase family members and associated synaptic proteins in acute and cultured organotypic hippocampal slices from rat. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 152:129-36. [PMID: 15351500 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases (PMCAs) are critical regulators of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Specific isoforms have also been demonstrated to interact and co-localise with members of the synapse-associated protein (SAP) family in hippocampal dendritic spines. Presently, only indirect evidence of changes in PMCA protein expression during postnatal development exists, therefore we chose to examine the postnatal developmental protein expression patterns of PMCAs 1-4 and the SAP proteins SAP102 and PSD95. Using Western blotting analysis, we compared the postnatal expression in the in vivo hippocampus to the expression within in vitro organotypic hippocampal slice cultures; a valid model of the developing hippocampus. All PMCA and SAP family members studied showed a marked increase in protein expression levels throughout the postnatal time course both in vivo and in vitro. SAP102 and the ubiquitously expressed PMCAs 1 and 4 followed a similar time course of expression within the in vivo and in vitro preparations. In contrast, the neurone-specific PMCA isoforms 2 and 3 and PSD95 displayed slight differences in early postnatal development. However, and most importantly, their expression > or = 14 days in vitro (DIV) was similar to that in vivo. The results of this study demonstrate that postnatal expression of all PMCAs, SAP102 and PSD95 is similar in both the in vivo hippocampus and the in vitro organotypic hippocampal slice culture. Our results support the use of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures for future investigations of the importance of PMCAs for neuronal Ca2+ handling and SAP family member interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Jensen
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
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