1
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Silva MP, Ferreira LT, Brás NF, Torres L, Brandão A, Pinheiro M, Cardoso M, Resende A, Vieira J, Palmeira C, Martins G, Silva M, Pinto C, Peixoto A, Silva J, Henrique R, Maia S, Maiato H, Teixeira MR, Paulo P. BUB1B monoallelic germline variants contribute to prostate cancer predisposition by triggering chromosomal instability. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:74. [PMID: 39014450 PMCID: PMC11251299 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Variants in known moderate- to high-penetrance genes explain less than 5% of the cases arising at early-onset (< 56 years) and/or with familial aggregation of the disease. Considering that BubR1 is an essential component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, we hypothesized that monoallelic BUB1B variants could be sufficient to fuel chromosomal instability (CIN), potentially triggering (prostate) carcinogenesis. METHODS To unveil BUB1B as a new PrCa predisposing gene, we performed targeted next-generation sequencing in germline DNA from 462 early-onset/familial PrCa patients and 1,416 cancer patients fulfilling criteria for genetic testing for other hereditary cancer syndromes. To explore the pan-cancer role of BUB1B, we used in silico BubR1 molecular modeling, in vitro gene-editing, and ex vivo patients' tumors and peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS Rare BUB1B variants were found in ~ 1.9% of the early-onset/familial PrCa cases and in ~ 0.6% of other cancer patients fulfilling criteria for hereditary disease. We further show that BUB1B variants lead to decreased BubR1 expression and/or stability, which promotes increased premature chromatid separation and, consequently, triggers CIN, driving resistance to Taxol-based therapies. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that different BUB1B variants may uncover a trigger for CIN-driven carcinogenesis, supporting the role of BUB1B as a (pan)-cancer predisposing gene with potential impact on genetic counseling and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Silva
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa T Ferreira
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia F Brás
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Torres
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Brandão
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pinheiro
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Cardoso
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Resende
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Vieira
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Department of Immunology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Martins
- Department of Immunology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Silva
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Pinto
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, i3S, Portugal
- Cell Division Group, Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Houston J, Vissotsky C, Deep A, Hakozaki H, Crews E, Oegema K, Corbett KD, Lara-Gonzalez P, Kim T, Desai A. Phospho-KNL-1 recognition by a TPR domain targets the BUB-1-BUB-3 complex to C. elegans kinetochores. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202402036. [PMID: 38578284 PMCID: PMC10996584 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202402036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the Bub1-Bub3 complex concentrates at kinetochores, the microtubule-coupling interfaces on chromosomes, where it contributes to spindle checkpoint activation, kinetochore-spindle microtubule interactions, and protection of centromeric cohesion. Bub1 has a conserved N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain followed by a binding motif for its conserved interactor Bub3. The current model for Bub1-Bub3 localization to kinetochores is that Bub3, along with its bound motif from Bub1, recognizes phosphorylated "MELT" motifs in the kinetochore scaffold protein Knl1. Motivated by the greater phenotypic severity of BUB-1 versus BUB-3 loss in C. elegans, we show that the BUB-1 TPR domain directly recognizes a distinct class of phosphorylated motifs in KNL-1 and that this interaction is essential for BUB-1-BUB-3 localization and function. BUB-3 recognition of phospho-MELT motifs additively contributes to drive super-stoichiometric accumulation of BUB-1-BUB-3 on its KNL-1 scaffold during mitotic entry. Bub1's TPR domain interacts with Knl1 in other species, suggesting that collaboration of TPR-dependent and Bub3-dependent interfaces in Bub1-Bub3 localization and functions may be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Houston
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Enice Crews
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D. Corbett
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Arshad Desai
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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3
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Kim S, Lau TT, Liao MK, Ma HT, Poon RY. Coregulation of NDC80 Complex Subunits Determines the Fidelity of the Spindle-Assembly Checkpoint and Mitosis. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:423-439. [PMID: 38324016 PMCID: PMC11063766 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
NDC80 complex (NDC80C) is composed of four subunits (SPC24, SPC25, NDC80, and NUF2) and is vital for kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment during mitosis. Paradoxically, NDC80C also functions in the activation of the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC). This raises an interesting question regarding how mitosis is regulated when NDC80C levels are compromised. Using a degron-mediated depletion system, we found that acute silencing of SPC24 triggered a transient mitotic arrest followed by mitotic slippage. SPC24-deficient cells were unable to sustain SAC activation despite the loss of KT-MT interaction. Intriguingly, our results revealed that other subunits of the NDC80C were co-downregulated with SPC24 at a posttranslational level. Silencing any individual subunit of NDC80C likewise reduced the expression of the entire complex. We found that the SPC24-SPC25 and NDC80-NUF2 subcomplexes could be individually stabilized using ectopically expressed subunits. The synergism of SPC24 downregulation with drugs that promote either mitotic arrest or mitotic slippage further underscored the dual roles of NDC80C in KT-MT interaction and SAC maintenance. The tight coordinated regulation of NDC80C subunits suggests that targeting individual subunits could disrupt mitotic progression and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention. IMPLICATIONS These results highlight the tight coordinated regulation of NDC80C subunits and their potential as targets for antimitotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehong Kim
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas T.Y. Lau
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Man Kit Liao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y.C. Poon
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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McGory JM, Verma V, Barcelos DM, Maresca TJ. Multimerization of a disordered kinetochore protein promotes accurate chromosome segregation by localizing a core dynein module. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202211122. [PMID: 38180477 PMCID: PMC10770731 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202211122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinetochores connect chromosomes and spindle microtubules to maintain genomic integrity through cell division. Crosstalk between the minus-end directed motor dynein and kinetochore-microtubule attachment factors promotes accurate chromosome segregation by a poorly understood pathway. Here, we identify a linkage between the intrinsically disordered protein Spc105 (KNL1 orthologue) and dynein using an optogenetic oligomerization assay. Core pools of the checkpoint protein BubR1 and the adaptor complex RZZ contribute to the linkage. Furthermore, a minimal segment of Spc105 with a propensity to multimerize and which contains protein binding motifs is sufficient to link Spc105 to RZZ/dynein. Deletion of the minimal region from Spc105 compromises the recruitment of its binding partners to kinetochores and elevates chromosome missegregation due to merotelic attachments. Restoration of normal chromosome segregation and localization of BubR1 and RZZ requires both protein binding motifs and oligomerization of Spc105. Together, our results reveal that higher-order multimerization of Spc105 contributes to localizing a core pool of RZZ that promotes accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. McGory
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Vikash Verma
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas J. Maresca
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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5
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Houston J, Vissotsky C, Deep A, Hakozaki H, Crews E, Oegema K, Corbett KD, Lara-Gonzalez P, Kim T, Desai A. Phospho-KNL-1 recognition by a TPR domain targets the BUB-1-BUB-3 complex to C. elegans kinetochores. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579536. [PMID: 38370671 PMCID: PMC10871365 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
During mitosis, the Bub1-Bub3 complex concentrates at kinetochores, the microtubule-coupling interfaces on chromosomes, where it contributes to spindle checkpoint activation, kinetochore-spindle microtubule interactions, and protection of centromeric cohesion. Bub1 has a conserved N-terminal tetratricopeptide (TPR) domain followed by a binding motif for its conserved interactor Bub3. The current model for Bub1-Bub3 localization to kinetochores is that Bub3, along with its bound motif from Bub1, recognizes phosphorylated "MELT" motifs in the kinetochore scaffold protein Knl1. Motivated by the greater phenotypic severity of BUB-1 versus BUB-3 loss in C. elegans, we show that the BUB-1 TPR domain directly recognizes a distinct class of phosphorylated motifs in KNL-1 and that this interaction is essential for BUB-1-BUB-3 localization and function. BUB-3 recognition of phospho-MELT motifs additively contributes to drive super-stoichiometric accumulation of BUB-1-BUB-3 on its KNL-1 scaffold during mitotic entry. Bub1's TPR domain interacts with Knl1 in other species, suggesting that collaboration of TPR-dependent and Bub3-dependent interfaces in Bub1-Bub3 localization and functions may be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Houston
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Amar Deep
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hiro Hakozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Enice Crews
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Karen Oegema
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kevin D. Corbett
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Arshad Desai
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Jian Y, Jiang Y, Nie L, Dou Z, Liu X, Fu C. Phosphorylation of Bub1 by Mph1 promotes Bub1 signaling at the kinetochore to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105559. [PMID: 38097187 PMCID: PMC10805674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bub1 is a conserved mitotic kinase involved in signaling of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Multiple phosphorylation sites on Bub1 have been characterized, yet it is challenging to understand the interplay between the multiple phosphorylation sites due to the limited availability of phosphospecific antibodies. In addition, phosphoregulation of Bub1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is poorly understood. Here we report the identification of a new Mph1/Mps1-mediated phosphorylation site, i.e., Ser532, of Bub1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A phosphospecific antibody against phosphorylated Bub1-Ser532 was developed. Using the phosphospecific antibody, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of Bub1-Ser352 was mediated specifically by Mph1/Mps1 and took place during early mitosis. Moreover, live-cell microscopy showed that inhibition of the phosphorylation of Bub1 at Ser532 impaired the localization of Bub1, Mad1, and Mad2 to the kinetochore. In addition, inhibition of the phosphorylation of Bub1 at Ser532 caused anaphase B lagging chromosomes. Hence, our study constitutes a model in which Mph1/Mps1-mediated phosphorylation of fission yeast Bub1 promotes proper kinetochore localization of Bub1 and faithful chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Jian
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyue Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyun Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Ding Y, Wang K, Zhao S, Li Y, Qiu W, Zhu C, Wang Y, Dong C, Liu J, Lu Y, Qi W. Role of Kinetochore Scaffold 1 (KNL1) in Tumorigenesis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pan-Cancer: Bioinformatics Analyses and Validation of Expression. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4883-4906. [PMID: 37928953 PMCID: PMC10625436 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s424245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1), a crucial protein during cell mitosis participating in cell division, was widely expressed in multiple kinds of cancers. However, the expression profile, the effect on cell biological function, tumor immune microenvironment, and predictive value of clinical prognosis in pan-cancer of KNL1 still require a comprehensive inquiry. Methods The mRNA and protein expression profile of KNL1 was validated in pan-cancer using different databases. Six algorithms were used to explore the correlation between KNL1 and immune infiltration and the relationship between KNL1 and tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and TIDE score were calculated. The diagnostic and clinical prognostic predictive ability of KNL1 was assessed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of KNL1 were screened out and function enrichment analyses were performed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Finally, 8 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and paired adjacent tissues were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and the histological score (H-score) was calculated. Real-time PCR was performed in gastric cancer and bladder cancer cell lines. Results KNL1 was abnormally upregulated in more than half of cancers across different databases. IHC and real-time PCR verified the up-regulated expression in cancer tissues in PAAD, gastric cancer, and BLCA. The satisfactory diagnostic value of KNL1 was indicated in 30 cancers and high KNL1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in 12 cancers. The prognostic role of KNL1 as a predictive biomarker of PAAD was clarified. KNL1 played an active part in the cell cycle and cell proliferation. Moreover, KNL1 was likely to mold the Th2-dominant suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and was associated with TMB, MSI, and immune checkpoint-related genes in pan-cancer. Conclusion Our study elucidated the anomalous expression of KNL1 and revealed that KNL1 was a promising prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ding
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongjia Wang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Lu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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8
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Farcy S, Hachour H, Bahi-Buisson N, Passemard S. Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size. Cells 2023; 12:1807. [PMID: 37443841 PMCID: PMC10340463 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farcy
- UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
- Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassina Hachour
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU MICADO, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
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9
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Nyati S, Young G, Speers C, Nyati MK, Rehemtulla A. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles-1 (BUB1) regulates EGFR signaling by reducing EGFR internalization. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6011-6030. [PMID: 37399454 PMCID: PMC10373970 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
EGFR signaling initiates upon ligand binding which leads to activation and internalization of the receptor-ligand complex. Here, we evaluated if BUB1 impacted EGFR signaling by regulating EGFR receptor internalization and activation. BUB1 was ablated genomically (siRNA) or biochemically (2OH-BNPP1) in cells. EGF ligand was used to initiate EGFR signaling while disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) was used for cross linking cellular proteins. EGFR signaling was measured by western immunoblotting and receptor internalization was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy (pEGFR (pY1068) colocalization with early endosome marker EEA1). siRNA mediated BUB1 depletion led to an overall increase in total EGFR levels and more phospho-EGFR (Y845, Y1092, and Y1173) dimers while the amount of total EGFR (non-phospho) dimers remained unchanged. BUB1 inhibitor (BUB1i) decreased EGF mediated EGFR signaling including pEGFR Y845, pAKT S473 and pERK1/2 in a time dependent manner. Additionally, BUB1i also reduced EGF mediated pEGFR (Y845) dimers (asymmetric dimers) without affecting total EGFR dimers (symmetric dimers) indicating that dimerization of inactive EGFR is not affected by BUB1. Furthermore, BUB1i blocked EGF mediated EGFR degradation (increase in EGFR half-life) without impacting half-lives of HER2 or c-MET. BUB1i also reduced co-localization of pEGFR with EEA1 positive endosomes suggesting that BUB1 might modulate EGFR endocytosis. Our data provide evidence that BUB1 protein and its kinase activity may regulate EGFR activation, endocytosis, degradation, and downstream signaling without affecting other members of the receptor tyrosine kinase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Grant Young
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UH Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mukesh K. Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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10
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Amin MA, Chakraborty M, Wallace DA, Varma D. Coordination between the Ndc80 complex and dynein is essential for microtubule plus-end capture by kinetochores during early mitosis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104711. [PMID: 37060995 PMCID: PMC10206188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic kinetochores are initially captured by dynamic microtubules via a "search-and-capture" mechanism. The microtubule motor, dynein, is critical for kinetochore capture as it has been shown to transport microtubule-attached chromosomes toward the spindle pole during prometaphase. The microtubule-binding nuclear division cycle 80 (Ndc80) complex that is recruited to kinetochores in prophase is known to play a central role in forming kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments in metaphase. It is not yet clear, however, how Ndc80 contributes to initial kMT capture during prometaphase. Here, by combining CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and RNAi technology with assays specific to study kMT capture, we show that mitotic cells lacking Ndc80 exhibit substantial defects in this function during prometaphase. Rescue experiments show that Ndc80 mutants deficient in microtubule-binding are unable to execute proper kMT capture. While cells inhibited of dynein alone are predominantly able to make initial kMT attachments, cells co-depleted of Ndc80 and dynein show severe defects in kMT capture. Further, we use an in vitro total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy assay to reconstitute microtubule capture events, which suggest that Ndc80 and dynein coordinate with each other for microtubule plus-end capture and that the phosphorylation status of Ndc80 is critical for productive kMT capture. A novel interaction between Ndc80 and dynein that we identify in prometaphase extracts might be critical for efficient plus-end capture. Thus, our studies, for the first time, identify a distinct event in the formation of initial kMT attachments, which is directly mediated by Ndc80 and in coordination with dynein is required for efficient kMT capture and chromosome alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullahel Amin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Destiny Ariel Wallace
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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11
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McGory JM, Barcelos DM, Verma V, Maresca TJ. An intrinsically disordered kinetochore protein coordinates mechanical regulation of chromosome segregation by dynein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539709. [PMID: 37214933 PMCID: PMC10197574 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Kinetochores connect chromosomes and spindle microtubules to maintain genomic integrity through cell division. Crosstalk between the minus-end directed motor dynein and kinetochore-microtubule attachment factors promotes accurate chromosome segregation through a poorly understood pathway. Here we identify a physical linkage between the intrinsically disordered protein Spc105 (KNL1 orthologue) and dynein using an optogenetic oligomerization assay. Core pools of the checkpoint protein BubR1 and the adaptor complex RZZ mediate the connection of Spc105 to dynein. Furthermore, a minimal segment of Spc105 that contains regions with a propensity to multimerize and binding motifs for Bub1 and BubR1 is sufficient to functionally link Spc105 to RZZ and dynein. Deletion of the minimal region from Spc105 reduces recruitment of its binding partners to bioriented kinetochores and causes chromosome mis-segregation. Restoration of normal chromosome segregation and localization of BubR1 and RZZ requires both protein binding motifs and higher-order oligomerization of Spc105. Together, our results reveal that higher-order multimerization of Spc105 is required to recruit a core pool of RZZ that modulates microtubule attachment stability to promote accurate chromosome segregation.
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12
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Corbett CB, St Paul A, Leigh T, Kelemen SE, Peluzzo AM, Okune RN, Eguchi S, Haines DS, Autieri MV. Genetic Deletion of FXR1 Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia and Induces Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:638-653. [PMID: 37080662 PMCID: PMC10155270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia indicative of restenosis and other vascular diseases. Fragile-X related protein-1 (FXR1) is a muscle-enhanced RNA binding protein whose expression is increased in injured arteries. Previous studies suggest that FXR1 negatively regulates inflammation, but its causality in vascular disease is unknown. In the current study, RNA-sequencing of FXR1-depleted VSMC identified many transcripts with decreased abundance, most of which were associated with proliferation and cell division. mRNA abundance and stability of a number of these transcripts were decreased in FXR1-depleted hVSMC, as was proliferation (P < 0.05); however, increases in beta-galactosidase (P < 0.05) and γH2AX (P < 0.01), indicative of senescence, were noted. Further analysis showed increased abundance of senescence-associated genes with FXR1 depletion. A novel SMC-specific conditional knockout mouse (FXR1SMC/SMC) was developed for further analysis. In a carotid artery ligation model of intimal hyperplasia, FXR1SMC/SMC mice had significantly reduced neointima formation (P < 0.001) after ligation, as well as increases in senescence drivers p16, p21, and p53 compared with several controls. These results suggest that in addition to destabilization of inflammatory transcripts, FXR1 stabilized cell cycle-related genes in VSMC, and absence of FXR1 led to induction of a senescent phenotype, supporting the hypothesis that FXR1 may mediate vascular disease by regulating stability of proliferative mRNA in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali B Corbett
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda St Paul
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tani Leigh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda M Peluzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachael N Okune
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dale S Haines
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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13
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Cmentowski V, Ciossani G, d’Amico E, Wohlgemuth S, Owa M, Dynlacht B, Musacchio A. A mechanism that integrates microtubule motors of opposite polarity at the kinetochore corona. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.25.538277. [PMID: 37163019 PMCID: PMC10168246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome biorientation on the mitotic spindle is prerequisite to errorless genome inheritance. CENP-E (kinesin 7) and Dynein-Dynactin (DD), microtubule motors with opposite polarity, promote biorientation from the kinetochore corona, a polymeric structure whose assembly requires MPS1 kinase. The corona's building block consists of ROD, Zwilch, ZW10, and the DD adaptor Spindly (RZZS). How CENP-E and DD are scaffolded and mutually coordinated in the corona remains unclear. Here, we report near-complete depletion of RZZS and DD from kinetochores after depletion of CENP-E and the outer kinetochore protein KNL1. With inhibited MPS1, CENP-E, which we show binds directly to RZZS, is required to retain kinetochore RZZS. An RZZS phosphomimetic mutant bypasses this requirement. With active MPS1, CENP-E is dispensable for corona expansion, but strictly required for physiological kinetochore accumulation of DD. Thus, we identify the corona as an integrated scaffold where CENP-E kinesin controls DD kinetochore loading for coordinated bidirectional transport of chromosome cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Cmentowski
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ennio d’Amico
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sabine Wohlgemuth
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikito Owa
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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Macaisne N, Bellutti L, Laband K, Edwards F, Pitayu-Nugroho L, Gervais A, Ganeswaran T, Geoffroy H, Maton G, Canman JC, Lacroix B, Dumont J. Synergistic stabilization of microtubules by BUB-1, HCP-1, and CLS-2 controls microtubule pausing and meiotic spindle assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e82579. [PMID: 36799894 PMCID: PMC10005782 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During cell division, chromosome segregation is orchestrated by a microtubule-based spindle. Interaction between spindle microtubules and kinetochores is central to the bi-orientation of chromosomes. Initially dynamic to allow spindle assembly and kinetochore attachments, which is essential for chromosome alignment, microtubules are eventually stabilized for efficient segregation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis I, respectively. Therefore, the precise control of microtubule dynamics is of utmost importance during mitosis and meiosis. Here, we study the assembly and role of a kinetochore module, comprised of the kinase BUB-1, the two redundant CENP-F orthologs HCP-1/2, and the CLASP family member CLS-2 (hereafter termed the BHC module), in the control of microtubule dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes. Using a combination of in vivo structure-function analyses of BHC components and in vitro microtubule-based assays, we show that BHC components stabilize microtubules, which is essential for meiotic spindle formation and accurate chromosome segregation. Overall, our results show that BUB-1 and HCP-1/2 do not only act as targeting components for CLS-2 at kinetochores, but also synergistically control kinetochore-microtubule dynamics by promoting microtubule pause. Together, our results suggest that BUB-1 and HCP-1/2 actively participate in the control of kinetochore-microtubule dynamics in the context of an intact BHC module to promote spindle assembly and accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Macaisne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Laura Bellutti
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Kimberley Laband
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Frances Edwards
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | | | - Alison Gervais
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | | | - Hélène Geoffroy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Gilliane Maton
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
| | - Julie C Canman
- Columbia University; Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyNew YorkUnited States
| | - Benjamin Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013ParisFrance
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15
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Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
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16
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Song J, Ni C, Dong X, Sheng C, Qu Y, Zhu L. bub1 as a potential oncogene and a prognostic biomarker for neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988415. [PMID: 36237324 PMCID: PMC9552328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNeuroblastoma is the most common malignant extracranial tumor for children. Molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of this disease are yet to be fully clarified. This study aimed to identify a novel oncogene that could be used as a biomarker informing the prognosis of neuroblastoma, and to predict its biological functions, using bioinformatics and molecular biology tools.MethodsThree data sets from the TARGET, GSE62564, and GSE85047 databases were used for analysis. Survivals of patients with high or low expression of bub1 were compared, using the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test. Immune infiltration was evaluated using ESTIMATE and MCP-counter algorithms. Synthetic small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were employed to silence bub1 expression in neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH, in order to characterize its biological functions. Gene enrichment analyses of bub1 were carried out, using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses.ResultsExpression of bub1 was found to significantly affect overall survival and event-free survival of patients with neuroblastoma, positively correlate with the expressions of tpx2 and the ASPM gene, and negatively correlate with host immune infiltration. Expression of bub1 was elevated in patients with neuroblastoma. Silencing bub1 expression using siRNAs in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH resulted in decreased cell growth (p < 0.05), reduced migration (p < 0.05), and increased apoptosis (p < 0.05). Function analysis of bub1 revealed cancer-promoting effects, probably via regulating several important downstream molecules, including that related to the apoptosis process and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.ConclusionWe identified a potential tumor-promoting gene bub1 for neuroblastoma that could also serve as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Second Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xubin Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenang Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Wenzhou Medical University-Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI) Alliance in Clinical and Experimental Biomedicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Libin Zhu,
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17
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Sridhar S, Fukagawa T. Kinetochore Architecture Employs Diverse Linker Strategies Across Evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862637. [PMID: 35800888 PMCID: PMC9252888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of a functional kinetochore on centromeric chromatin is necessary to connect chromosomes to the mitotic spindle, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. This connecting function of the kinetochore presents multiple internal and external structural challenges. A microtubule interacting outer kinetochore and centromeric chromatin interacting inner kinetochore effectively confront forces from the external spindle and centromere, respectively. While internally, special inner kinetochore proteins, defined as "linkers," simultaneously interact with centromeric chromatin and the outer kinetochore to enable association with the mitotic spindle. With the ability to simultaneously interact with outer kinetochore components and centromeric chromatin, linker proteins such as centromere protein (CENP)-C or CENP-T in vertebrates and, additionally CENP-QOkp1-UAme1 in yeasts, also perform the function of force propagation within the kinetochore. Recent efforts have revealed an array of linker pathways strategies to effectively recruit the largely conserved outer kinetochore. In this review, we examine these linkages used to propagate force and recruit the outer kinetochore across evolution. Further, we look at their known regulatory pathways and implications on kinetochore structural diversity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Sridhar
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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18
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Silva PMA, Bousbaa H. BUB3, beyond the Simple Role of Partner. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051084. [PMID: 35631670 PMCID: PMC9147866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The BUB3 protein plays a key role in the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a ubiquitous surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis and, consequently, prevents chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy. Besides its role in SAC signaling, BUB3 regulates chromosome attachment to the spindle microtubules. It is also involved in telomere replication and maintenance. Deficiency of the BUB3 gene has been closely linked to premature aging. Upregulation of the BUB3 gene has been found in a variety of human cancers and is associated with poor prognoses. Here, we review the structure and functions of BUB3 in mitosis, its expression in cancer and association with survival prognoses, and its potential as an anticancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M. A. Silva
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zhang Y, Song C, Wang L, Jiang H, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Fang J, Zhang G. Zombies Never Die: The Double Life Bub1 Lives in Mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:870745. [PMID: 35646932 PMCID: PMC9136299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.870745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When eukaryotic cells enter mitosis, dispersed chromosomes move to the cell center along microtubules to form a metaphase plate which facilitates the accurate chromosome segregation. Meanwhile, kinetochores not stably attached by microtubules activate the spindle assembly checkpoint and generate a wait signal to delay the initiation of anaphase. These events are highly coordinated. Disruption of the coordination will cause severe problems like chromosome gain or loss. Bub1, a conserved serine/threonine kinase, plays important roles in mitosis. After extensive studies in the last three decades, the role of Bub1 on checkpoint has achieved a comprehensive understanding; its role on chromosome alignment also starts to emerge. In this review, we summarize the latest development of Bub1 on supporting the two mitotic events. The essentiality of Bub1 in higher eukaryotic cells is also discussed. At the end, some undissolved questions are raised for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunlin Song
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Zhai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang, ; Gang Zhang,
| | - Gang Zhang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang, ; Gang Zhang,
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20
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Vukušić K, Tolić IM. Polar Chromosomes-Challenges of a Risky Path. Cells 2022; 11:1531. [PMID: 35563837 PMCID: PMC9101661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of chromosome congression and alignment is at the core of mitotic fidelity. In this review, we discuss distinct spatial routes that the chromosomes take to align during prometaphase, which are characterized by distinct biomolecular requirements. Peripheral polar chromosomes are an intriguing case as their alignment depends on the activity of kinetochore motors, polar ejection forces, and a transition from lateral to end-on attachments to microtubules, all of which can result in the delayed alignment of these chromosomes. Due to their undesirable position close to and often behind the spindle pole, these chromosomes may be particularly prone to the formation of erroneous kinetochore-microtubule interactions, such as merotelic attachments. To prevent such errors, the cell employs intricate mechanisms to preposition the spindle poles with respect to chromosomes, ensure the formation of end-on attachments in restricted spindle regions, repair faulty attachments by error correction mechanisms, and delay segregation by the spindle assembly checkpoint. Despite this protective machinery, there are several ways in which polar chromosomes can fail in alignment, mis-segregate, and lead to aneuploidy. In agreement with this, polar chromosomes are present in certain tumors and may even be involved in the process of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruno Vukušić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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21
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Allipra S, Anirudhan K, Shivanandan S, Raghunathan A, Maruthachalam R. The kinetochore protein NNF1 has a moonlighting role in the vegetative development of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1064-1085. [PMID: 34850467 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The kinetochore is a supramolecular protein complex assembled on the chromosomes, essential for faithful segregation of the genome during cell divisions. More than 100 proteins are known to constitute the eukaryotic kinetochore architecture, primarily identified using non-plant organisms. A majority of them are fast evolving and are under positive selection. Thus, functional characterization of the plant kinetochore proteins is limited as only a few conserved orthologs sharing sequence similarity with their animal counterparts have been examined. Here, we report the functional characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the yeast NNF1/human PMF1 outer kinetochore protein and show that it has both kinetochore and non-kinetochore functions in plant growth and development. Knockout of NNF1 causes embryo lethality implying its essential role in cell division. AtNNF1 interacts with MIS12 in Y2H and co-immunoprecipitation assays, confirming it is one of the constituents of the plant MIS12 complex. GFP-NNF1 localizes to the kinetochore, rescuing the embryo lethal nnf1-1-/- phenotype, but the rescued plants (GFP-NNF1nnf1-/- ) are dwarf, displaying hypomorphic phenotypes with no evidence of mitotic or meiotic segregation defects. GFP-NNF1nnf1-/- dwarf plants have reduced levels of endogenous polyamines, which are partially rescued to wild-type levels upon exogenous application of polyamines. Mutations in the putative leucine zipper-like binding motif of NNF1 gave rise to a dominant-negative tall plant phenotype reminiscent of constitutive gibberellic acid (GA) action. These contrasting hypomorphic dwarf and antimorphic tall phenotypes facilitated us to attribute a moonlighting role to Arabidopsis NNF1 affecting polyamine and GA metabolism apart from its primary role in kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Allipra
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Krishnapriya Anirudhan
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Siddharth Shivanandan
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Abhishek Raghunathan
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Ravi Maruthachalam
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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22
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Yue W, Wang Y, Meng T, Zhang H, Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Hou Y, Schatten H, Wang Z, Sun Q. Kinetochore scaffold 1 regulates SAC function during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22210. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101586rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Tie‐Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong‐Yong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center Shenzhen China
| | - Xin‐Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying‐Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Zhen‐Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qing‐Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory Reproductive Medicine Center Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Guangzhou China
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23
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Takenoshita Y, Hara M, Fukagawa T. Recruitment of two Ndc80 complexes via the CENP-T pathway is sufficient for kinetochore functions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:851. [PMID: 35165266 PMCID: PMC8844409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To form functional kinetochores, CENP-C and CENP-T independently recruit the KMN (Knl1C, Mis12C, and Ndc80C) network onto the kinetochores. To clarify the functions of the KMN network on CENP-T, we evaluated its roles in chicken DT40 cell lines lacking the CENP-C-KMN network interaction. By analyzing mutants lacking both CENP-T-Mis12C and CENP-C-Mis12C interactions, we demonstrated that Knl1C and Mis12C (KM) play critical roles in the cohesion of sister chromatids or the recruitment of spindle checkpoint proteins onto kinetochores. Two copies of Ndc80C (N-N) exist on CENP-T via Mis12C or direct binding. Analyses of cells specifically lacking the Mis12C-Ndc80C interaction revealed that N-N is needed for proper kinetochore-microtubule interactions. However, using artificial engineering to directly bind the two copies of Ndc80C to CENP-T, we demonstrated that N-N functions without direct Mis12C binding to Ndc80C in native kinetochores. This study demonstrated the mechanisms by which complicated networks play roles in native kinetochores. The kinetochores contain multiple protein interaction networks. Takenoshita et al. analyzed the complicated networks using the genetic method and revealed that two copies of Ndc80 complexes on CENP-T are sufficient for kinetochore functions.
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24
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Bolanos-Garcia VM. On the Regulation of Mitosis by the Kinetochore, a Macromolecular Complex and Organising Hub of Eukaryotic Organisms. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:235-267. [PMID: 36151378 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The kinetochore is the multiprotein complex of eukaryotic organisms that is assembled on mitotic or meiotic centromeres to connect centromeric DNA with microtubules. Its function involves the coordinated action of more than 100 different proteins. The kinetochore acts as an organiser hub that establishes physical connections with microtubules and centromere-associated proteins and recruits central protein components of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), an evolutionarily conserved surveillance mechanism of eukaryotic organisms that detects unattached kinetochores and destabilises incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The molecular communication between the kinetochore and the SAC is highly dynamic and tightly regulated to ensure that cells can progress towards anaphase until each chromosome is properly bi-oriented on the mitotic spindle. This is achieved through an interplay of highly cooperative interactions and concerted phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that are organised in time and space.This contribution discusses our current understanding of the function, structure and regulation of the kinetochore, in particular, how its communication with the SAC results in the amplification of specific signals to exquisitely control the eukaryotic cell cycle. This contribution also addresses recent advances in machine learning approaches, cell imaging and proteomics techniques that have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that ensure the high fidelity and timely segregation of the genetic material every time a cell divides as well as the current challenges in the study of this fascinating molecular machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Audett MR, Johnson EL, McGory JM, Barcelos DM, Szalai EO, Przewloka MR, Maresca TJ. The microtubule- and PP1-binding activities of Drosophila melanogaster Spc105 control the kinetics of SAC satisfaction. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar1. [PMID: 34705493 PMCID: PMC8886820 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-06-0307-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KNL1 is a large intrinsically disordered kinetochore (KT) protein that recruits spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components to mediate SAC signaling. The N-terminal region (NTR) of KNL1 possesses two activities that have been implicated in SAC silencing: microtubule (MT) binding and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) recruitment. The NTR of Drosophila melanogaster KNL1 (Spc105) has never been shown to bind MTs or to recruit PP1. Furthermore, the phosphoregulatory mechanisms known to control SAC protein binding to KNL1 orthologues is absent in D. melanogaster. Here, these apparent discrepancies are resolved using in vitro and cell-based assays. A phosphoregulatory circuit that utilizes Aurora B kinase promotes SAC protein binding to the central disordered region of Spc105 while the NTR binds directly to MTs in vitro and recruits PP1-87B to KTs in vivo. Live-cell assays employing an optogenetic oligomerization tag and deletion/chimera mutants are used to define the interplay of MT and PP1 binding by Spc105 and the relative contributions of both activities to the kinetics of SAC satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux R. Audett
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
| | - Erin L. Johnson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
| | - Jessica M. McGory
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
| | - Dylan M. Barcelos
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
| | - Evelin Oroszne Szalai
- Institute for Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Marcin R. Przewloka
- Institute for Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Thomas J. Maresca
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst MA 01003
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26
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Song X, Conti D, Shrestha RL, Braun D, Draviam VM. Counteraction between Astrin-PP1 and Cyclin-B-CDK1 pathways protects chromosome-microtubule attachments independent of biorientation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7010. [PMID: 34853300 PMCID: PMC8636589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in chromosome-microtubule attachment can cause chromosomal instability (CIN), frequently associated with infertility and aggressive cancers. Chromosome-microtubule attachment is mediated by a large macromolecular structure, the kinetochore. Sister kinetochores of each chromosome are pulled by microtubules from opposing spindle-poles, a state called biorientation which prevents chromosome missegregation. Kinetochore-microtubule attachments that lack the opposing-pull are detached by Aurora-B/Ipl1. It is unclear how mono-oriented attachments that precede biorientation are spared despite the lack of opposing-pull. Using an RNAi-screen, we uncover a unique role for the Astrin-SKAP complex in protecting mono-oriented attachments. We provide evidence of domains in the microtubule-end associated protein that sense changes specific to end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and assemble an outer-kinetochore crescent to stabilise attachments. We find that Astrin-PP1 and Cyclin-B-CDK1 pathways counteract each other to preserve mono-oriented attachments. Thus, CIN prevention pathways are not only surveying attachment defects but also actively recognising and stabilising mature attachments independent of biorientation. Chromosome instability frequently occurs due to issues with chromosome-microtubule attachments. Here the authors show that the Astrin-PP1 and Cyclin-B-CDK1 pathways counteract each other to protect chromosome-microtubule attachments independent of biorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Duccio Conti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roshan L Shrestha
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dominique Braun
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Viji M Draviam
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK. .,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
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27
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Iegiani G, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. Inhibiting microcephaly genes as alternative to microtubule targeting agents to treat brain tumors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:956. [PMID: 34663805 PMCID: PMC8523548 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) and gliomas are the most frequent high-grade brain tumors (HGBT) in children and adulthood, respectively. The general treatment for these tumors consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the improvement in patient survival, these therapies are only partially effective, and many patients still die. In the last decades, microtubules have emerged as interesting molecular targets for HGBT, as various microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been developed and tested pre-clinically and clinically with encouraging results. Nevertheless, these treatments produce relevant side effects since they target microtubules in normal as well as in cancerous cells. A possible strategy to overcome this toxicity could be to target proteins that control microtubule dynamics but are required by HGBT cells much more than in normal cell types. The genes mutated in primary hereditary microcephaly (MCPH) are ubiquitously expressed in proliferating cells, but under normal conditions are selectively required during brain development, in neural progenitors. There is evidence that MB and glioma cells share molecular profiles with progenitors of cerebellar granules and of cortical radial glia cells, in which MCPH gene functions are fundamental. Moreover, several studies indicate that MCPH genes are required for HGBT expansion. Among the 25 known MCPH genes, we focus this review on KNL1, ASPM, CENPE, CITK and KIF14, which have been found to control microtubule stability during cell division. We summarize the current knowledge about the molecular basis of their interaction with microtubules. Moreover, we will discuss data that suggest these genes are promising candidates as HGBT-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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28
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Abstract
The Knl1-Mis12-Ndc80 (KMN) network is an essential component of the kinetochore-microtubule attachment interface, which is required for genomic stability in eukaryotes. However, little is known about plant Knl1 proteins because of their complex evolutionary history. Here, we cloned the Knl1 homolog from maize (Zea mays) and confirmed it as a constitutive central kinetochore component. Functional assays demonstrated their conserved role in chromosomal congression and segregation during nuclear division, thus causing defective cell division during kernel development when Knl1 transcript was depleted. A 145 aa region in the middle of maize Knl1, that did not involve the MELT repeats, was associated with the interaction of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components Bub1/Mad3 family proteins 1 and 2 (Bmf1/2) but not with the Bmf3 protein. They may form a helical conformation with a hydrophobic interface with the TPR domain of Bmf1/2, which is similar to that of vertebrates. However, this region detected in monocots shows extensive divergence in eudicots, suggesting that distinct modes of the SAC to kinetochore connection are present within plant lineages. These findings elucidate the conserved role of the KMN network in cell division and a striking dynamic of evolutionary patterns in the SAC signaling and kinetochore network.
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29
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Expression and prognosis analyses of BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 in human sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12395-12409. [PMID: 33872216 PMCID: PMC8148488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Budding Uninhibited By Benzimidazoles are a group of genes encoding proteins that play central roles in spindle checkpoint during mitosis. Improper mitosis may lead to aneuploidy which is found in many types of tumors. As a key mediator in mitosis, the dysregulated expression of BUBs has been proven to be highly associated with various malignancies, such as leukemia, gastric cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer. However, bioinformatic analysis has not been applied to explore the role of the BUBs in sarcomas. Herein, we investigate the transcriptional and survival data of BUBs in patients with sarcomas using Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. We found that the expression levels of BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 were higher in sarcoma samples and cell lines than in normal controls. Survival analysis revealed that the higher expression levels of BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 were associated with lower overall and disease-free survival in patients with sarcomas. This study implies that BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 are potential treatment targets for patients with sarcomas and are new biomarkers for the prognosis of sarcomas.
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30
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Uchida KSK, Jo M, Nagasaka K, Takahashi M, Shindo N, Shibata K, Tanaka K, Masumoto H, Fukagawa T, Hirota T. Kinetochore stretching-mediated rapid silencing of the spindle-assembly checkpoint required for failsafe chromosome segregation. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1581-1591.e3. [PMID: 33651990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The spindle-assembly checkpoint facilitates mitotic fidelity by delaying anaphase onset in response to microtubule vacancy at kinetochores. Following microtubule attachment, kinetochores receive microtubule-derived force, which causes kinetochores to undergo repetitive cycles of deformation; this phenomenon is referred to as kinetochore stretching. The nature of the forces and the relevance relating this deformation are not well understood. Here, we show that kinetochore stretching occurs within a framework of single end-on attached kinetochores, irrespective of microtubule poleward pulling force. An experimental method to conditionally interfere with the stretching allowed us to determine that kinetochore stretching comprises an essential process of checkpoint silencing by promoting PP1 phosphatase recruitment after the establishment of end-on attachments and removal of the majority of checkpoint-activating kinase Mps1 from kinetochores. Remarkably, we found that a lower frequency of kinetochore stretching largely correlates with a prolonged metaphase in cancer cell lines with chromosomal instability. Perturbation of kinetochore stretching and checkpoint silencing in chromosomally stable cells produced anaphase bridges, which can be alleviated by reducing chromosome-loaded cohesin. These observations indicate that kinetochore stretching-mediated checkpoint silencing provides an unanticipated etiology underlying chromosomal instability and underscores the importance of a rapid metaphase-to-anaphase transition in sustaining mitotic fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko S K Uchida
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Minji Jo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Nagasaka
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Shindo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Shibata
- Division of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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31
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Bogdanov KV, Merzlikina OV, Mirolyubova YV, Girshova LL, Lomaia EG, Zaritskey AY. CASC5 Gene Expression Changes Correlate with Targeted Mutations in Leukemia. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation is required for cell survival and organismal development. During mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint acts as a safeguard to maintain the high fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation by monitoring the attachment of kinetochores to the mitotic spindle. Bub1 is a conserved kinase critical for the spindle assembly checkpoint. Bub1 also facilitates chromosome alignment and contributes to the regulation of mitotic duration. Here, focusing on the spindle assembly checkpoint and on chromosome alignment, we summarize the primary literature on Bub1, discussing its structure and functional domains, as well its regulation and roles in mitosis. In addition, we discuss recent evidence for roles of Bub1 beyond mitosis regulation in TGFβ signaling and telomere replication. Finally, we discuss the involvement of Bub1 in human diseases, especially in cancer, and the potential of using Bub1 as a drug target for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Anton Gartner
- IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, Ulsan, Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
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33
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Piano V, Alex A, Stege P, Maffini S, Stoppiello GA, Huis In 't Veld PJ, Vetter IR, Musacchio A. CDC20 assists its catalytic incorporation in the mitotic checkpoint complex. Science 2021; 371:67-71. [PMID: 33384373 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Open (O) and closed (C) topologies of HORMA-domain proteins are respectively associated with inactive and active states of fundamental cellular pathways. The HORMA protein O-MAD2 converts to C-MAD2 upon binding CDC20. This is rate limiting for assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), the effector of a checkpoint required for mitotic fidelity. A catalyst assembled at kinetochores accelerates MAD2:CDC20 association through a poorly understood mechanism. Using a reconstituted SAC system, we discovered that CDC20 is an impervious substrate for which access to MAD2 requires simultaneous docking on several sites of the catalytic complex. Our analysis indicates that the checkpoint catalyst is substrate assisted and promotes MCC assembly through spatially and temporally coordinated conformational changes in both MAD2 and CDC20. This may define a paradigm for other HORMA-controlled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Piano
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Amal Alex
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patricia Stege
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gerardo A Stoppiello
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pim J Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Vetter
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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34
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Distinct p63 and p73 Protein Interactions Predict Specific Functions in mRNA Splicing and Polyploidy Control in Epithelia. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010025. [PMID: 33375680 PMCID: PMC7824480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial organs are the first barrier against microorganisms and genotoxic stress, in which the p53 family members p63 and p73 have both overlapping and distinct functions. Intriguingly, p73 displays a very specific localization to basal epithelial cells in human tissues, while p63 is expressed in both basal and differentiated cells. Here, we analyse systematically the literature describing p63 and p73 protein-protein interactions to reveal distinct functions underlying the aforementioned distribution. We have found that p73 and p63 cooperate in the genome stability surveillance in proliferating cells; p73 specific interactors contribute to the transcriptional repression, anaphase promoting complex and spindle assembly checkpoint, whereas p63 specific interactors play roles in the regulation of mRNA processing and splicing in both proliferating and differentiated cells. Our analysis reveals the diversification of the RNA and DNA specific functions within the p53 family.
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35
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Guo R, Chu A, Gong Y. Identification of cancer stem cell-related biomarkers in intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancer by stemness index and weighted correlation network analysis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:418. [PMID: 33160391 PMCID: PMC7648412 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of tumors. Considering the heterogeneity of tumors, this study aimed to explore the key genes regulating stem cells in intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancer. Methods RNA-seq data and related clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). WGCNA was used to clustered differentially expressed genes with similar expression profiles to form modules. Furtherly, based on the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi), significant modules and key genes were identified. Next, the expression of key genes was further verified by the Oncomine database. Results MRNAsi scores of GC were significantly higher than that of normal tissue. Additionally, mRNAsi scores of intestinal-type GC (IGC) were significantly higher than that of diffuse-type GC (DGC). WGCNA showed that the blue module of IGC and the brown module of DGC were both the most significantly associated with mRNAsi. We screened out 16 and 43 key genes for IGC and DGC and found that these genes were closely related, respectively. Functional analysis showed the relationship between the key genes confirmed in the Oncomine database and the fate of cells. Conclusions In this study, 16 and 43 genes related to the characteristics of CSCs were identified in IGC and DGC, respectively. These genes were both associated with cell cycle, which could serve as therapeutic targets for the inhibition of stem cells from both types of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Aining Chu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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36
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BUBR1 Pseudokinase Domain Promotes Kinetochore PP2A-B56 Recruitment, Spindle Checkpoint Silencing, and Chromosome Alignment. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108397. [PMID: 33207204 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of phospho-signaling at the outer kinetochore is critical for forming accurate attachments between kinetochores and the mitotic spindle and timely exit from mitosis. A major player in determining this balance is the PP2A-B56 phosphatase, which is recruited to the kinase attachment regulatory domain (KARD) of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1-related 1 (BUBR1) in a phospho-dependent manner. This unleashes a rapid, switch-like phosphatase relay that reverses mitotic phosphorylation at the kinetochore, extinguishing the checkpoint and promoting anaphase. Here, we demonstrate that the C-terminal pseudokinase domain of human BUBR1 is required to promote KARD phosphorylation. Mutation or removal of the pseudokinase domain results in decreased PP2A-B56 recruitment to the outer kinetochore attenuated checkpoint silencing and errors in chromosome alignment as a result of imbalance in Aurora B activity. Our data, therefore, elucidate a function for the BUBR1 pseudokinase domain in ensuring accurate and timely exit from mitosis.
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37
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Jean F, Stuart A, Tarailo-Graovac M. Dissecting the Genetic and Etiological Causes of Primary Microcephaly. Front Neurol 2020; 11:570830. [PMID: 33178111 PMCID: PMC7593518 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.570830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH; “small head syndrome”) is a rare, heterogeneous disease arising from the decreased production of neurons during brain development. As of August 2020, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database lists 25 genes (involved in molecular processes such as centriole biogenesis, microtubule dynamics, spindle positioning, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, Wnt signaling, and cell cycle checkpoints) that are implicated in causing MCPH. Many of these 25 genes were only discovered in the last 10 years following advances in exome and genome sequencing that have improved our ability to identify disease-causing variants. Despite these advances, many patients still lack a genetic diagnosis. This demonstrates a need to understand in greater detail the molecular mechanisms and genetics underlying MCPH. Here, we briefly review the molecular functions of each MCPH gene and how their loss disrupts the neurogenesis program, ultimately demonstrating that microcephaly arises from cell cycle dysregulation. We also explore the current issues in the genetic basis and clinical presentation of MCPH as additional avenues of improving gene/variant prioritization. Ultimately, we illustrate that the detailed exploration of the etiology and inheritance of MCPH improves the predictive power in identifying previously unknown MCPH candidates and diagnosing microcephalic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Jean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Stuart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Audett MR, Maresca TJ. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: at the intersection of order, disorder, and kinetochore function. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:349-358. [PMID: 32756877 PMCID: PMC8011995 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetochore (KT) field has matured tremendously since Earnshaw first identified CENP-A, CENP-B, and CENP-C [1,2]. In the past 35 years, the accumulation of knowledge has included: defining the parts list, identifying epistatic networks of interdependence within the parts list, understanding the spatial organization of subcomplexes into a massive structure - hundreds of megadaltons in size, and dissecting the functions of the KT in its entirety as well as of its individual parts. Like nearly all cell and molecular biology fields, the structure-function paradigm has been foundational to advances in the KT field. A point nicely highlighted by the fact that we are at the precipice of the in vitro reconstitution of a functional KT holo complex. Yet conventional notions of structure cannot provide a complete picture of the KT especially since it contains an abundance of unstructured or intrinsically disordered constituents. The combination of structured and disordered proteins within the KT results in an assembled system that is functionally greater than the sum of its parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux R Audett
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A
| | - Thomas J Maresca
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A
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Tang R, Jiang Z, Chen F, Yu W, Fan K, Tan J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Li P, Yuan K. The Kinase Activity of Drosophila BubR1 Is Required for Insulin Signaling-Dependent Stem Cell Maintenance. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107794. [PMID: 32579921 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a core component of the mitotic checkpoint complex, BubR1 has a modular organization of molecular functions, with KEN box and other motifs at the N terminus inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, and a kinase domain at the C terminus, whose function remains unsettled, especially at organismal levels. We generate knock-in BubR1 mutations in the Drosophila genome to separately disrupt the KEN box and the kinase domain. All of the mutants are homozygously viable and fertile and show no defects in mitotic progression. The mutants without kinase activity have an increased lifespan and phenotypic changes associated with attenuated insulin signaling, including reduced InR on the cell membrane, weakened PI3K and AKT activity, and elevated expression of dFoxO targets. The BubR1 kinase-dead mutants have a reduced cap cell number in female germaria, which can be rescued by expressing a constitutively active InR. We conclude that one major physiological role of BubR1 kinase in Drosophila is to modulate insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhenghui Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weiyu Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kaijing Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Pishun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Center for Clinical Biorepositories and Biospecimens, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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40
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Identification of Glioma Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics Based on Weighted Gene Prognosis Module Co-Expression Network Analysis of Transcriptome Data Stemness Indices. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1512-1520. [PMID: 32451841 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in humans and the most deadly. Stem cells, which are characterized by therapeutic resistance and self-renewal, play a critical role in glioma, and therefore the identification of stem cell-related genes in glioma is important. In this study, we collected and evaluated the epigenetically regulated-mRNA expression-based stemness index (EREG-mRNAsi) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) for glioma patient samples, corrected through tumor purity. After EREG-mRNAsi correction, glioma pathological grade and survival were analyzed. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) co-expression network was constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in TCGA glioma samples to find modules of interest and key genes. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway-enrichment analysis were performed to identify the function of significant genetic modules. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and co-expression network analysis of key genes was performed for further analysis. In this experiment, we found that corrected EREG-mRNAsi was significantly up-regulated in glioma samples and increased with glioma grade, with G4 having the highest stemness index. Patients with higher corrected EREG-mRNAsi scores had worse overall survival. Fifty-one DEGs in the brown gene module were found to be positively related to EREG-mRNAsi via WGCNA. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that chromosome segregation and cell cycle molecular function were the major functions in key DEGs. Among these key DEGs, BUB1 showed high connectivity and co-expression, and also high connectivity in PPI. Fifty-one key genes were verified to play a critical role in glioma stem cells. These genes may serve as primary therapeutic targets to inhibit the activity of glioma stem cells.
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41
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Curtis NL, Ruda GF, Brennan P, Bolanos-Garcia VM. Deregulation of Chromosome Segregation and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an intricate cell signaling system that ensures the high fidelity and timely segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Mistakes in this process can lead to the loss, gain, or rearrangement of the genetic material. Gross chromosomal aberrations are usually lethal but can cause birth and development defects as well as cancer. Despite advances in the identification of SAC protein components, important details of the interactions underpinning chromosome segregation regulation remain to be established. This review discusses the current understanding of the function, structure, mode of regulation, and dynamics of the assembly and disassembly of SAC subcomplexes, which ultimately safeguard the accurate transmission of a stable genome to descendants. We also discuss how diverse oncoviruses take control of human cell division by exploiting the SAC and the potential of this signaling circuitry as a pool of drug targets to develop effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Curtis
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Gian Filippo Ruda
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Victor M. Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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42
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Nyati S, Gregg BS, Xu J, Young G, Kimmel L, Nyati MK, Ray D, Speers C, Rehemtulla A. TGFBR2 mediated phosphorylation of BUB1 at Ser-318 is required for transforming growth factor-β signaling. Neoplasia 2020; 22:163-178. [PMID: 32143140 PMCID: PMC7057164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BUB1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles-1) is required for efficient TGF-β signaling, through its role in stabilizing the TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 complex. Here we demonstrate that TGFBR2 phosphorylates BUB1 at Serine-318, which is conserved in primates. S318 phosphorylation abrogates the interaction of BUB1 with TGFBR1 and SMAD2. Using BUB1 truncation domains (1–241, 241–482 and 482–723), we demonstrate that multiple contact points exist between BUB1 and TGF-β signaling components and that these interactions are independent of the BUB1 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Moreover, substitutions in the middle domain (241–482) encompassing S318 reveals that efficient interaction with TGFBR2 occurs only in its dephosphorylated state (241–482 S318A). In contrast, the phospho-mimicking mutant (241–482 S318D) exhibits efficient binding with SMAD2 and its over-expression results in a decrease in TGFBR1-TGFBR2 and TGFBR1-SMAD2 interactions. These findings suggest that TGFBR2 mediated BUB1 phosphorylation at S318 may serve as a switch for the dissociation of the SMAD2-TGFBR complex, and therefore represents a regulatory event for TGF-β signaling. Finally, we provide evidence that the BUB1-TGF-β signaling axis may mediate aggressive phenotypes in a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Brandon S Gregg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grant Young
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Kimmel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mukesh K Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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43
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Fulcher LJ, Sapkota GP. Mitotic kinase anchoring proteins: the navigators of cell division. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:505-524. [PMID: 32048898 PMCID: PMC7100989 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1728014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinated activities of many protein kinases, acting on multiple protein substrates, ensures the error-free progression through mitosis of eukaryotic cells. Enormous research effort has thus been devoted to studying the roles and regulation of these mitotic kinases, and to the identification of their physiological substrates. Central for the timely deployment of specific protein kinases to their appropriate substrates during the cell division cycle are the many anchoring proteins, which serve critical regulatory roles. Through direct association, anchoring proteins are capable of modulating the catalytic activity and/or sub-cellular distribution of the mitotic kinases they associate with. The key roles of some anchoring proteins in cell division are well-established, whilst others are still being unearthed. Here, we review the current knowledge on anchoring proteins for some mitotic kinases, and highlight how targeting anchoring proteins for inhibition, instead of the mitotic kinases themselves, could be advantageous for disrupting the cell division cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Zhang M, Liang C, Chen Q, Yan H, Xu J, Zhao H, Yuan X, Liu J, Lin S, Lu W, Wang F. Histone H2A phosphorylation recruits topoisomerase IIα to centromeres to safeguard genomic stability. EMBO J 2020; 39:e101863. [PMID: 31769059 PMCID: PMC6996575 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation in mitosis requires the removal of catenation between sister chromatids. Timely decatenation of sister DNAs at mitotic centromeres by topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) is crucial to maintain genomic stability. The chromatin factors that recruit TOP2A to centromeres during mitosis remain unknown. Here, we show that histone H2A Thr-120 phosphorylation (H2ApT120), a modification generated by the mitotic kinase Bub1, is necessary and sufficient for the centromeric localization of TOP2A. Phosphorylation at residue-120 enhances histone H2A binding to TOP2A in vitro. The C-gate and the extreme C-terminal region are important for H2ApT120-dependent localization of TOP2A at centromeres. Preventing H2ApT120-mediated accumulation of TOP2A at mitotic centromeres interferes with sister chromatid disjunction, as evidenced by increased frequency of anaphase ultra-fine bridges (UFBs) that contain catenated DNA. Tethering TOP2A to centromeres bypasses the requirement for H2ApT120 in suppressing anaphase UFBs. These results demonstrate that H2ApT120 acts as a landmark that recruits TOP2A to mitotic centromeres to decatenate sister DNAs. Our study reveals a fundamental role for histone phosphorylation in resolving centromere DNA entanglements and safeguarding genomic stability during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Cai Liang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qinfu Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Haiyan Yan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xueying Yuan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jingbo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shixian Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Research Laboratory of Zhejiang ProvinceWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Fangwei Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyWomen's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Bai T, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Cai B, Dong N, Li B. Effect of KNL1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819858668. [PMID: 31315522 PMCID: PMC6637841 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819858668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the expression of kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) in colorectal tumor tissues and to clarify the role of this gene in the proliferation capability of colorectal cancer cells. Methods: A total of 108 paired colorectal tumor and normal tissue samples were collected from patients with colorectal cancer and subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses. Expression levels of KNL1 mRNA and protein were compared between tumor and normal tissues, and KNL1 levels were evaluated in relation to the patients’ tumor differentiation, sex, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, infiltration depth, age, and tumor location. Survival curves were also constructed and compared between patients with tumor samples with and without KLN1 protein expression. KNL1 was under-expressed in colorectal cancer cells in vitro using lentiviral transfection with short hairpin RNA, and its function was evaluated by proliferation, colony-formation, and apoptosis assays. Expression levels of BUB1 protein were also compared between tumor and normal tissues, and the correlation between KNL1 expression and BUB1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues was examined. Results: KNL1 mRNA and protein were both highly expressed in colorectal tumor tissues compared with paired normal tissues. KNL1 downregulation significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation and colony formation, and promoted apoptosis. KNL1 protein expression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, but not with sex, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, infiltration depth, age, or tumor location. KNL1 protein expression was also significantly associated with poorer survival. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between KNL1 and BUB1 in colorectal cancer tissues. Conclusions: KNL1 plays an effective role in decreasing apoptosis and promoting the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that its inhibition may represent a promising therapeutic approach in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Bai
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.,2 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Liu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Bindan Cai
- 3 Department of Neurology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ning Dong
- 4 Department of Radiology, Zhuozhou City Hospital, Zhuozhou, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Binghui Li
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital (Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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Omer Javed A, Li Y, Muffat J, Su KC, Cohen MA, Lungjangwa T, Aubourg P, Cheeseman IM, Jaenisch R. Microcephaly Modeling of Kinetochore Mutation Reveals a Brain-Specific Phenotype. Cell Rep 2019; 25:368-382.e5. [PMID: 30304678 PMCID: PMC6392048 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most genes mutated in microcephaly patients are expressed ubiquitously, and yet the brain is the only major organ compromised in most patients. Why the phenotype remains brain specific is poorly understood. In this study, we used in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to monitor the effect of a point mutation in kinetochore null protein 1 (KNL1;CASC5), identified in microcephaly patients, during in vitro brain development. We found that neural progenitors bearing a patient mutation showed reduced KNL1 levels, aneuploidy, and an abrogated spindle assembly checkpoint. By contrast, no reduction of KNL1 levels or abnormalities was observed in fibroblasts and neural crest cells. We established that the KNL1 patient mutation generates an exonic splicing silencer site, which mainly affects neural progenitors because of their higher levels of splicing proteins. Our results provide insight into the brain-specific phenomenon, consistent with microcephaly being the only major phenotype of patients bearing KNL1 mutation. Using 3D neural spheroids, Javed et al. investigate a mutation in KNL1 that causes microcephaly. Their study shows that, despite ubiquitous mutant KNL1 expression, KNL1 mRNA processing is affected only in neural precursors due to difference in splicing protein levels, offering insights into why the phenotype remains brain specific in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attya Omer Javed
- Université Paris-Saclay, ED 569, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M4G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julien Muffat
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kuan-Chung Su
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Malkiel A Cohen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tenzin Lungjangwa
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Patrick Aubourg
- Université Paris-Saclay, ED 569, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; INSERM U1169, CHU Bicêtre Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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47
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Duerinckx S, Jacquemin V, Drunat S, Vial Y, Passemard S, Perazzolo C, Massart A, Soblet J, Racapé J, Desmyter L, Badoer C, Papadimitriou S, Le Borgne YA, Lefort A, Libert F, De Maertelaer V, Rooman M, Costagliola S, Verloes A, Lenaerts T, Pirson I, Abramowicz M. Digenic inheritance of human primary microcephaly delineates centrosomal and non-centrosomal pathways. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:512-524. [PMID: 31696992 PMCID: PMC7496698 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary microcephaly (PM) is characterized by a small head since birth and is vastly heterogeneous both genetically and phenotypically. While most cases are monogenic, genetic interactions between Aspm and Wdr62 have recently been described in a mouse model of PM. Here, we used two complementary, holistic in vivo approaches: high throughput DNA sequencing of multiple PM genes in human patients with PM, and genome‐edited zebrafish modeling for the digenic inheritance of PM. Exomes of patients with PM showed a significant burden of variants in 75 PM genes, that persisted after removing monogenic causes of PM (e.g., biallelic pathogenic variants in CEP152). This observation was replicated in an independent cohort of patients with PM, where a PM gene panel showed in addition that the burden was carried by six centrosomal genes. Allelic frequencies were consistent with digenic inheritance. In zebrafish, non‐centrosomal gene casc5 −/− produced a severe PM phenotype, that was not modified by centrosomal genes aspm or wdr62 invalidation. A digenic, quadriallelic PM phenotype was produced by aspm and wdr62. Our observations provide strong evidence for digenic inheritance of human PM, involving centrosomal genes. Absence of genetic interaction between casc5 and aspm or wdr62 further delineates centrosomal and non‐centrosomal pathways in PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Duerinckx
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Jacquemin
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Séverine Drunat
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1141, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Vial
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1141, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1141, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Camille Perazzolo
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Massart
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Soblet
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judith Racapé
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Desmyter
- Department of Genetics, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cindy Badoer
- Department of Genetics, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofia Papadimitriou
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yann-Aël Le Borgne
- Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Lefort
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviane De Maertelaer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1141, Université de Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Pirson
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Present Address: Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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48
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Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. The balance between mitotic death and mitotic slippage in acute leukemia: a new therapeutic window? J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:123. [PMID: 31771633 PMCID: PMC6880427 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is the process whereby an eukaryotic cell divides into two identical copies. Different multiprotein complexes are involved in the fine regulation of cell division, including the mitotic promoting factor and the anaphase promoting complex. Prolonged mitosis can result in cellular division, cell death, or mitotic slippage, the latter leading to a new interphase without cellular division. Mitotic slippage is one of the causes of genomic instability and has an important therapeutic and clinical impact. It has been widely studied in solid tumors but not in hematological malignancies, in particular, in acute leukemia. We review the literature data available on mitotic regulation, alterations in mitotic proteins occurring in acute leukemia, induction of prolonged mitosis and its consequences, focusing in particular on the balance between cell death and mitotic slippage and on its therapeutic potentials. We also present the most recent preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy of second-generation mitotic drugs (CDK1-Cyclin B1, APC/CCDC20, PLK, Aurora kinase inhibitors). Despite the poor clinical activity showed by these drugs as single agents, they offer a potential therapeutic window for synthetic lethal combinations aimed to selectively target leukemic cells at the right time, thus decreasing the risk of mitotic slippage events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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49
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Leontiou I, London N, May KM, Ma Y, Grzesiak L, Medina-Pritchard B, Amin P, Jeyaprakash AA, Biggins S, Hardwick KG. The Bub1-TPR Domain Interacts Directly with Mad3 to Generate Robust Spindle Checkpoint Arrest. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2407-2414.e7. [PMID: 31257143 PMCID: PMC6657678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint monitors kinetochore-microtubule interactions and generates a “wait anaphase” delay when any defects are apparent [1, 2, 3]. This provides time for cells to correct chromosome attachment errors and ensure high-fidelity chromosome segregation. Checkpoint signals are generated at unattached chromosomes during mitosis. To activate the checkpoint, Mps1Mph1 kinase phosphorylates the kinetochore component KNL1Spc105/Spc7 on conserved MELT motifs to recruit Bub3-Bub1 complexes [4, 5, 6] via a direct Bub3 interaction with phospho-MELT motifs [7, 8]. Mps1Mph1 then phosphorylates Bub1, which strengthens its interaction with Mad1-Mad2 complexes to produce a signaling platform [9, 10]. The Bub1-Mad1 platform is thought to recruit Mad3, Cdc20, and Mad2 to produce the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which is the diffusible wait anaphase signal [9, 11, 12]. The MCC binds and inhibits the mitotic E3 ubiquitin ligase, known as Cdc20-anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), and stabilizes securin and cyclin to delay anaphase onset [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. Here we demonstrate, in both budding and fission yeast, that kinetochores and KNL1Spc105/Spc7 can be bypassed; simply inducing heterodimers of Mps1Mph1 kinase and Bub1 is sufficient to trigger metaphase arrest that is dependent on Mad1, Mad2, and Mad3. We use this to dissect the domains of Bub1 necessary for arrest, highlighting the need for Bub1-CD1, which binds Mad1 [9], and Bub1’s highly conserved N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain [18, 19]. We demonstrate that the Bub1 TPR domain is both necessary and sufficient to bind and recruit Mad3. We propose that this brings Mad3 into close proximity to Mad1-Mad2 and Mps1Mph1 kinase, enabling efficient generation of MCC complexes. Heterodimers of Mps1 and Bub1 generate robust spindle checkpoint arrest in yeasts This arrest is independent of kinetochores but requires Bub1-CD1 and the Bub1-TPR The Bub1-TPR is both necessary and sufficient for Mad3 interaction and recruitment Recombinant fission yeast Bub1-TPR and Mad3 form a stable complex
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Leontiou
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Nitobe London
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Karen M May
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Yingrui Ma
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Lucile Grzesiak
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Bethan Medina-Pritchard
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Priya Amin
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - A Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sue Biggins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin G Hardwick
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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50
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Abstract
Mistakes in the process of cell division can lead to the loss, gain or rearrangement of chromosomes. Significant chromosomal abnormalities are usually lethal to the cells and cause spontaneous miscarriages. However, in some cases, defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint lead to severe diseases, such as cancer and birth and development defects, including Down's syndrome. The timely and accurate control of chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), an evolutionary conserved, self-regulated signalling system present in higher organisms. The spindle assembly checkpoint is orchestrated by dynamic interactions between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore , a multiprotein complex that constitutes the site for attachment of chromosomes to microtubule polymers to pull sister chromatids apart during cell division. This chapter discusses the current molecular understanding of the essential, highly dynamic molecular interactions underpinning spindle assembly checkpoint signalling and how the complex choreography of interactions can be coordinated in time and space to finely regulate the process. The potential of targeting this signalling pathway to interfere with the abnormal segregation of chromosomes, which occurs in diverse malignancies and the new opportunities that recent technological developments are opening up for a deeper understanding of the spindle assembly checkpoint are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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