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Sener EF, Dana H, Tahtasakal R, Hamurcu Z, Guler A, Tufan E, Doganyigit Z, Rassoulzadegan M. Partial changes in apoptotic pathways in hippocampus and hypothalamus of Cc2d1a heterozygous. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:531-541. [PMID: 36454503 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the apoptosis pathway have been linked to changes in serotonin levels seen in autistic patients. Cc2d1a is a repressor of the HTR1A gene involved in the serotonin pathway. The hippocampus and hypothalamus of Cc2d1a ± mice were analyzed for the expression of apoptosis markers (caspase 3, 8 and 9). Gender differences were observed in the expression levels of the three caspases consistent with some altered activity in the open-field assay. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased. We concluded that apoptotic pathways are only partially affected in the pathogenesis of the Cc2d1a heterozygous mouse model. A) Apoptosis is suppressed because the cell does not receive a death signal, or the receptor cannot activate the caspase 8 pathway despite the death signal. B) Since Caspase 8 and Caspase 3 expression is downregulated in our mouse model, the mechanism of apoptosis is not activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Funda Sener
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Halime Dana
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Tahtasakal
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Tufan
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bozok University Medical Faculty, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Erciyes University Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Kayseri, Turkey
- INSERM-CNRS, IRCAN, Universite Cote d'Azur (UCA), 06107, Nice, France
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Imbriani P, Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Madeo G, Pisani A, Bonsi P, Martella G. Loss of Non-Apoptotic Role of Caspase-3 in the PINK1 Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143407. [PMID: 31336695 PMCID: PMC6678522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are a family of conserved cysteine proteases that play key roles in multiple cellular processes, including programmed cell death and inflammation. Recent evidence shows that caspases are also involved in crucial non-apoptotic functions, such as dendrite development, axon pruning, and synaptic plasticity mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes. The activated form of caspase-3, which is known to trigger widespread damage and degeneration, can also modulate synaptic function in the adult brain. Thus, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caspase-3 modulates synaptic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) induced kinase 1 (PINK1) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Loss of PINK1 has been previously associated with an impairment of corticostriatal long-term depression (LTD), rescued by amphetamine-induced dopamine release. Here, we show that caspase-3 activity, measured after LTD induction, is significantly decreased in the PINK1 knockout model compared with wild-type mice. Accordingly, pretreatment of striatal slices with the caspase-3 activator α-(Trichloromethyl)-4-pyridineethanol (PETCM) rescues a physiological LTD in PINK1 knockout mice. Furthermore, the inhibition of caspase-3 prevents the amphetamine-induced rescue of LTD in the same model. Our data support a hormesis-based double role of caspase-3; when massively activated, it induces apoptosis, while at lower level of activation, it modulates physiological phenomena, like the expression of corticostriatal LTD. Exploring the non-apoptotic activation of caspase-3 may contribute to clarify the mechanisms involved in synaptic failure in PD, as well as in view of new potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbriani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziella Madeo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
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Pohlkamp T, Wasser CR, Herz J. Functional Roles of the Interaction of APP and Lipoprotein Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:54. [PMID: 28298885 PMCID: PMC5331069 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological fates of the key initiator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and a family of lipoprotein receptors, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins (LRPs) and their molecular roles in the neurodegenerative disease process are inseparably interwoven. Not only does APP bind tightly to the extracellular domains (ECDs) of several members of the LRP group, their intracellular portions are also connected through scaffolds like the one established by FE65 proteins and through interactions with adaptor proteins such as X11/Mint and Dab1. Moreover, the ECDs of APP and LRPs share common ligands, most notably Reelin, a regulator of neuronal migration during embryonic development and modulator of synaptic transmission in the adult brain, and Agrin, another signaling protein which is essential for the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and which likely also has critical, though at this time less well defined, roles for the regulation of central synapses. Furthermore, the major independent risk factors for AD, Apolipoprotein (Apo) E and ApoJ/Clusterin, are lipoprotein ligands for LRPs. Receptors and ligands mutually influence their intracellular trafficking and thereby the functions and abilities of neurons and the blood-brain-barrier to turn over and remove the pathological product of APP, the amyloid-β peptide. This article will review and summarize the molecular mechanisms that are shared by APP and LRPs and discuss their relative contributions to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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Xiong L, Jung JU, Guo HH, Pan JX, Sun XD, Mei L, Xiong WC. Osteoblastic Lrp4 promotes osteoclastogenesis by regulating ATP release and adenosine-A 2AR signaling. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:761-778. [PMID: 28193701 PMCID: PMC5350517 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lrp4 is mutated in patients with high-bone-mass diseases. Loss of Lrp4 in osteoblasts (OBs) increases bone formation by OBs and decreases bone resorption by osteoclasts through an unclear mechanism. Xiong et al. show that overproduction of extracellular adenosine in Lrp4-deficient OBs, which are derived from ATP hydrolysis and signals through A2AR and RANK, may underlie Lrp4 regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Bone homeostasis depends on the functional balance of osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). Lrp4 is a transmembrane protein that is mutated in patients with high bone mass. Loss of Lrp4 in OB-lineage cells increases bone mass by elevating bone formation by OBs and reducing bone resorption by OCs. However, it is unclear how Lrp4 deficiency in OBs impairs osteoclastogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that loss of Lrp4 in the OB lineage stabilizes the prorenin receptor (PRR) and increases PRR/V-ATPase–driven ATP release, thereby enhancing the production of the ATP derivative adenosine. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of adenosine-2A receptor (A2AR) in culture and Lrp4 mutant mice diminishes the osteoclastogenic deficit and reduces trabecular bone mass. Furthermore, elevated adenosine-A2AR signaling reduces receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)–mediated osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, these results identify a mechanism by which osteoblastic Lrp4 controls osteoclastogenesis, reveal a cross talk between A2AR and RANK signaling in osteoclastogenesis, and uncover an unrecognized pathophysiological mechanism of high-bone-mass disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ji-Ung Jung
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Hao-Han Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Xiang-Dong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 .,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 .,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
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