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Xie Z, Yun Y, Yu G, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wang T, Zhang L. Bacillus subtilis alleviates excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets via the members of Bcl-2 and caspase families. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6924-6932. [PMID: 38597265 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestine is a barrier resisting various stress responses. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can cause damage to the intestinal barrier via destroying the balance of intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis. Bacillus subtilis has been reported to regulate intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if B. subtilis could regulate intestinal epithelial cells' proliferation and apoptosis in intrauterine growth restriction suckling piglets. RESULTS Compared with the normal birth weight group, the IUGR group showed greater mean optical density values of Ki-67-positive cells in the ileal crypt (P < 0.05). IUGR resulted in higher ability of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, by upregulation of the messenger RNA (mRNA) or proteins expression of leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5, Caspase-3, Caspase-7, β-catenin, cyclinD1, B-cell lymphoma-2 associated agonist of cell death, and BCL2 associated X (P < 0.05), and downregulation of the mRNA or protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 and B-cell lymphoma-2-like 1 (P < 0.05). However, B. subtilis supplementation decreased the mRNA or proteins expression of leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5, SPARC related modular calcium binding 2, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19, cyclinD1, Caspase-7, β-catenin, B-cell lymphoma-2 associated agonist of cell death, and Caspase-3 (P < 0.05), and increased the mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION IUGR led to excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, which induced compensatory proliferation. However, B. subtilis treatment prevented intestinal epithelial cells of IUGR suckling piglets from excessive apoptosis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechen Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Song X, Song Y, Zhang J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Huang Z, Abbas Raza SH, Jiang C, Ma Y, Ma Y, Wu H, Wei D. Regulatory role of exosome-derived miRNAs and other contents in adipogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114168. [PMID: 39004201 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content significantly impacts meat quality. influenced by complex interactions between skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes. Adipogenesis plays a pivotal role in IMF formation. Exosomes, extracellular membranous nanovesicles, facilitate intercellular communication by transporting proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and other biomolecules into target cells, thereby modulating cellular behaviors. Recent studies have linked exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and other cargo to adipogenic processes. Various cell types, including skeletal muscle cells, interact with adipocytes via exosome secretion and uptake. Exosomes entering adipocytes regulate adipogenesis by modulating key signaling pathways, thereby influencing the extent and distribution of IMF deposition. This review comprehensively explores the origin, formation, and mechanisms of exosome action, along with current research and their applications in adipogenesis. Emphasis is placed on exosome-mediated regulation of miRNAs, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, lipids, and other biomolecules during adipogenesis. Leveraging exosomal contents for genetic breeding and treating obesity-related disorders is discussed. Insights gathered contribute to advancing understanding and potential therapeutic applications of exosome-regulated adipogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yaping Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jiupan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yamei Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Lingkai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | | | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, China; Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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Kavitha L, Priyadharsini J V, P A, A P. Targeting compensatory proliferation signals in oral cancer. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:461-464. [PMID: 38946920 PMCID: PMC11214308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an orchestrated phenomenon that regulates cell populations in physiological and pathological conditions. Carcinogenesis involves a state of disequilibrium between cell proliferation and cell death. The resistance to conventional therapeutic modalities of cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, can be explained by the compensatory repair and regeneration that occurs in the tumor microenvironment following apoptosis through the apoptotic compensatory proliferation signaling microvesicles (ACPSVs) or apoptotic extracellular microvesicles (ApoEVs). These microvesicles provide proliferative signals and act as mutagens, triggering cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and invasion. This review discusses the phenomenon of apoptosis-induced proliferation and the role of ApoEVs in establishing an oncoregenerative niche, resulting in therapeutic resistance and recurrence of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Kavitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital (Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University), ECR, Uthandi, Chennai-600119, India
| | - Vijayashree Priyadharsini J
- Clinical Genetics Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research (The Blue Lab), Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Anitha P
- Clinical Genetics Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research (The Blue Lab), Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Paramasivam A
- Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research (The Blue Lab), Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Saveetha University, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
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Madorran E, Kocbek Šaherl L, Rakuša M, Takač I, Munda M. Finding a Direct Method for a Dynamic Process: The DD (Direct and Dynamic) Cell-Tox Method. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5133. [PMID: 38791172 PMCID: PMC11120653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of in vitro toxicity assessment methods is to assess the viability of the cells, which is usually based on metabolism changes. Yet, when exposed to toxic substances, the cell triggers multiple signals in response. With this in mind, we have developed a promising cell-based toxicity method that observes various cell responses when exposed to toxic substances (either death, division, or remain viable). Based on the collective cell response, we observed and predicted the dynamics of the cell population to determine the toxicity of the toxicant. The method was tested with two different conformations: In the first conformation, we exposed a monoculture model of blood macrophages to UV light, hydrogen peroxide, nutrient deprivation, tetrabromobisphenol A, fatty acids, and 5-fluorouracil. In the second, we exposed a coculture liver model consisting of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to rifampicin, ibuprofen, and 5-fluorouracil. The method showed good accuracy compared to established toxicity assessment methods. In addition, this approach provided more representative information on the toxic effects of the compounds, as it considers the different cellular responses induced by toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneko Madorran
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lidija Kocbek Šaherl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Mateja Rakuša
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Iztok Takač
- Division for Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Miha Munda
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.K.Š.); (M.R.); (M.M.)
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Roy R, Mahmud F, Zayas J, Kuzel TM, Reiser J, Shafikhani SH. Reduced Bioactive Microbial Products (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) Contribute to Dysregulated Immune Responses and Impaired Healing in Infected Wounds in Mice with Diabetes. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:387-397.e11. [PMID: 37619833 PMCID: PMC10840742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic chronic ulcers are plagued with persistent nonresolving inflammation. However, diabetic wound environment early after injury suffers from inadequate inflammatory responses due to reductions in proinflammatory cytokines levels. Diabetic neutrophils have known impairments in bactericidal functions. We hypothesized that reduced bacterial killing by diabetic neutrophils, due to their bactericidal functional impairments, results in reduced bioactive bacterial products, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which in turn contribute to reduced signaling through toll-like receptors, leading to inadequate production of proinflammatory cytokines in infected diabetic wound early after injury. We tested our hypothesis in db/db type 2 obese diabetic mouse wound infection model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our data indicate that despite substantially higher levels of infection, toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling is reduced in diabetic wounds early after injury owing to reduced bioactive levels of lipopolysaccharide. We further demonstrate that topical treatment with lipopolysaccharide enhances toll-like receptor 4 signaling, increases proinflammatory cytokine production, restores leukocyte trafficking, reduces infection burden, and stimulates healing in diabetic wounds. We posit that lipopolysaccharide may be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers if it is applied topically after the surgical debridement process, which is intended to reset chronic ulcers into acute fresh wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Roy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Foyez Mahmud
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet Zayas
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy M Kuzel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sasha H Shafikhani
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Baena-Lopez LA, Wang L, Wendler F. Cellular stress management by caspases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102314. [PMID: 38215516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cellular stress plays a pivotal role in the onset of numerous human diseases. Consequently, the removal of dysfunctional cells, which undergo excessive stress-induced damage via various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, is essential for maintaining organ integrity and function. The evolutionarily conserved family of cysteine-aspartic-proteases, known as caspases, has been a key player in orchestrating apoptosis. However, recent research has unveiled the capability of these enzymes to govern fundamental cellular processes without triggering cell death. Remarkably, some of these non-lethal functions of caspases may contribute to restoring cellular equilibrium in stressed cells. This manuscript discusses how caspases can function as cellular stress managers and their potential impact on human health and disease. Additionally, it sheds light on the limitations of caspase-based therapies, given our still incomplete understanding of the biology of these enzymes, particularly in non-apoptotic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Franz Wendler
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK. https://twitter.com/wendlerfranz
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Yang J, Zhang X, Wang G, Ma S, Yu Y, Liao C, Wang Z, Liang C, Li M, Tian W, Liao L. ApoSEVs-Mediated Modulation of Versatile Target Cells Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing: Unveiling a Promising Strategy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6955-6977. [PMID: 38026535 PMCID: PMC10676647 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic chronic wounds present a formidable challenge in clinical management, lacking effective treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has emerged as a promising therapy for tissue repair and regeneration. However, transplanted MSCs often undergo rapid apoptosis, giving rise to heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs), including apoptotic bodies (apoBDs) and apoptotic small extracellular vesicles (apoSEVs). The potential stimulatory role of these EVs in diabetic wound healing remains unknown. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of apoSEVs derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal/stromal cells (ADSCs) on the recovery of diabetic wounds by modulating the function of versatile target cells. First, we characterized the apoSEVs and apoBDs derived from apoptotic ADSCs. Subsequently, we evaluated the effects of apoSEVs and apoBDs on macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, three essential cell types in wound healing, under high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, we developed a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel for the sustained release of apoSEVs and investigated its therapeutic effects on wound healing in type 2 diabetic mice in vivo. Results apoSEVs facilitated the polarization of M1 phenotype macrophages to M2 phenotype, promoted proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells, and enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration. However, apoBDs failed to improve the function of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In vivo, the apoSEVs-loaded GelMA effectively promoted wound healing by facilitating collagen fiber deposition, angiogenesis, and immune regulation. Conclusion Our study elucidates the beneficial effects of apoSEVs on wound recovery in diabetes and introduces a novel strategy for diabetic wound treatment based on apoSEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yejia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maojiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Panagiotou N, McGuinness D, Jaminon AMG, Mees B, Selman C, Schurgers L, Shiels PG. Microvesicle-Mediated Tissue Regeneration Mitigates the Effects of Cellular Ageing. Cells 2023; 12:1707. [PMID: 37443741 PMCID: PMC10340655 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (Exos), are membranous vesicles secreted by cells which mediate the repair of cellular and tissue damage via paracrine mechanisms. The action of EVs under normative and morbid conditions in the context of ageing remains largely unexplored. We demonstrate that MVs, but not Exos, from Pathfinder cells (PCs), a putative stem cell regulatory cell type, enhance the repair of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) co-cultures, following both mechanical and genotoxic stress. Critically, this effect was found to be both cellular age and stress specific. Notably, MV treatment was unable to repair mechanical injury in older co-cultures but remained therapeutic following genotoxic stress. These observations were further confirmed in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) co-cultures of increasing cellular age. In a model of comorbidity comprising co-cultures of HDFs and highly senescent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) VSMCs, MV administration appeared to be senotherapeutic, following both mechanical and genotoxic stress. Our data provide insights into EVs and the specific roles they play during tissue repair and ageing. These data will potentiate the development of novel cell-free therapeutic interventions capable of attenuating age-associated morbidities and avoiding undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotou
- Davidson Building, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.P.)
| | - Dagmara McGuinness
- School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (D.M.)
| | - Armand M. G. Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, 6229 ER Maastricht, NetherlandsThe Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC),
Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Colin Selman
- Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Leon Schurgers
- School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (D.M.)
- Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Davidson Building, School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.P.)
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9
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Kira A, Tatsutomi I, Saito K, Murata M, Hattori I, Kajita H, Muraki N, Oda Y, Satoh S, Tsukamoto Y, Kimura S, Onoue K, Yonemura S, Arakawa S, Kato H, Hirashima T, Kawane K. Apoptotic extracellular vesicle formation via local phosphatidylserine exposure drives efficient cell extrusion. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00241-1. [PMID: 37315563 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell extrusion is a universal mode of cell removal from tissues, and it plays an important role in regulating cell numbers and eliminating unwanted cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of cell delamination from the cell layer are unclear. Here, we report a conserved execution mechanism of apoptotic cell extrusion. We found extracellular vesicle (EV) formation in extruding mammalian and Drosophila cells at a site opposite to the extrusion direction. Lipid-scramblase-mediated local exposure of phosphatidylserine is responsible for EV formation and is crucial for executing cell extrusion. Inhibition of this process disrupts prompt cell delamination and tissue homeostasis. Although the EV has hallmarks of an apoptotic body, its formation is governed by the mechanism of microvesicle formation. Experimental and mathematical modeling analysis illustrated that EV formation promotes neighboring cells' invasion. This study showed that membrane dynamics play a crucial role in cell exit by connecting the actions of the extruding cell and neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Kira
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Ichiko Tatsutomi
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Machiko Murata
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Izumi Hattori
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Haruna Kajita
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Muraki
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yukako Oda
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research & Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Saya Satoh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuta Tsukamoto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kenta Onoue
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Research Core, Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kohki Kawane
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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10
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Hill C, Dellar ER, Baena‐Lopez LA. Caspases help to spread the message via extracellular vesicles. FEBS J 2023; 290:1954-1972. [PMID: 35246932 PMCID: PMC10952732 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential aspect of multicellular life, key for coordinating cell proliferation, growth, and death in response to environmental changes. Whilst caspases are well-known for facilitating apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death, several recent investigations are uncovering new roles for these enzymes in biological scenarios requiring long-range intercellular signalling mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are small membrane-bound nanoparticles released from cells that may carry and deliver cargo between distant cells, thus helping to coordinate their behaviour. Intriguingly, there is emerging evidence indicating a key contribution of caspases in the biogenesis of EVs, the selection of their cargo content, and EV uptake/function in recipient cells. Here, we discuss the latest findings supporting the interplay between caspases and EVs, and the biological relevance of this molecular convergence for cellular signalling, principally in non-apoptotic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hill
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Elizabeth R. Dellar
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
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11
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Zhang M, Lin Y, Chen R, Yu H, Li Y, Chen M, Dou C, Yin P, Zhang L, Tang P. Ghost messages: cell death signals spread. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:6. [PMID: 36624476 PMCID: PMC9830882 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a mystery in various forms. Whichever type of cell death, this is always accompanied by active or passive molecules release. The recent years marked the renaissance of the study of these molecules showing they can signal to and communicate with recipient cells and regulate physio- or pathological events. This review summarizes the defined forms of messages cells could spread while dying, the effects of these signals on the target tissue/cells, and how these types of communications regulate physio- or pathological processes. By doing so, this review hopes to identify major unresolved questions in the field, formulate new hypothesis worthy of further investigation, and when possible, provide references for the search of novel diagnostic/therapeutics agents. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Chen
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haikuan Yu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ce Dou
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbin Yin
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peifu Tang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China ,National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100853 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Cen L, Yi T, Hao Y, Shi C, Shi X, Lu Y, Chen D, Zhu H. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides alleviate ulcerative colitis by restoring intestinal homeostasis. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:914-924. [PMID: 36549805 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata is traditionally used as phytoantibiotics for treating lung disease in China. Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides (HCPs) have been reported to alleviate influenza virus-induced intestinal and lung immune injury by regulating the gut-lung axis. The present study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HCPs on ulcerative colitis (UC). Male C57BL/6 mice were induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to establish the UC animal model. Our results showed that HCPs significantly reduced the weight loss and the shortening of colon length in colitis mice, and relieved the pathological damage of colon mucosa and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, etc. It was suggested that HCPs could significantly improve DSS-induced colitis in mice. HCPs directly protected intestinal epithelial cells, ameliorated epithelial barrier dysfunction and cell apoptosis, which was also proved in H2O2 stimulated cell apoptosis model. HCPs inhibited inflammation in the colon, which was related to suppressing the infiltration of macrophages, inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins (TLR4, NF-κB), and restoring the dysfunction of Th17 and Treg cells. HCPs also restored the alteration of intestinal flora induced by DSS, increased the abundance ofFirmicutes and Bacteroides, and reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria. This study confirmed the protective effect of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide extracted from traditional Chinese medicine on ulcerative colitis, of which the mechanism was closely related to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis (intestinal barrier, immune cells, and intestinal bacteria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Cen
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Tong Yi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yuanzhen Hao
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chenchen Shi
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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13
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Lv WJ, Ma YM, Huang JY, He SQ, Li SP, Lin J, Chen R, Lun JC, Liu J, Guo SN. Polysaccharides derived from Shenling Baizhu San improve colitis via modulating tryptophan metabolism in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1127-1136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Presence of CrkI-containing microvesicles in squamous cell carcinomas could have ramifications on tumor biology and cancer therapeutics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4803. [PMID: 35314778 PMCID: PMC8938485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we described a phenomenon whereby apoptotic cells generate and release CrkI-containing microvesicles, which stimulate proliferation in surrounding cells upon contact to compensate for their own demise. We termed these microvesicles “ACPSVs” for Apoptotic Compensatory Proliferation Signaling microvesicles. As immune cells and a majority of current cancer therapeutics destroy tumor cells primarily by apoptosis, we conducted a small pilot study to assess the possibility that ACPSVs may also be generated in squamous cell carcinomas. We first evaluated a primary and a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma cancer cell lines for their ability to produce ACPSVs under normal and apoptotic conditions. We next conducted a pilot study to assess the occurrence of ACPSVs in solid tumors extracted from 20 cancer patients with squamous cell carcinomas. Both cancer cell lines produced copious amounts of ACPSVs under apoptotic conditions. Interestingly, the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma cancer cell line also produced high levels of ACPSVs under healthy condition, suggesting that the ability to generate ACPSVs may be hijacked by these cells. Importantly, ACPSVs were also abundant in the solid tumors of all squamous cell carcinoma cancer patients. Detection of ACPSVs in cancer has potentially important ramifications in tumor biology and cancer therapeutics which warrants further investigation.
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15
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Wang Y, Khan HM, Zhou C, Liao X, Tang P, Song P, Gui X, Li H, Chen Z, Liu S, Cen Y, Zhang Z, Li Z. Apoptotic cells derived micro/nano-sized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules, such as caspases, active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis,. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects, and possessing biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidney. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration by apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Haider Mohammed Khan
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan, 610041 , China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Pei Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xingyu Gui
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi’an , Shaanxi, 710032 , China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
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16
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CrkII/Abl phosphorylation cascade is critical for NLRC4 inflammasome activity and is blocked by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoT. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1295. [PMID: 35277504 PMCID: PMC8917168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) is a highly conserved virulence structure that plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exotoxin T (ExoT) is the only T3SS effector protein that is expressed in all T3SS-expressing P. aeruginosa strains. Here we show that T3SS recognition leads to a rapid phosphorylation cascade involving Abl / PKCδ / NLRC4, which results in NLRC4 inflammasome activation, culminating in inflammatory responses that limit P. aeruginosa infection in wounds. We further show that ExoT functions as the main anti-inflammatory agent for P. aeruginosa in that it blocks the phosphorylation cascade through Abl / PKCδ / NLRC4 by targeting CrkII, which we further demonstrate to be important for Abl transactivation and NLRC4 inflammasome activation in response to T3SS and P. aeruginosa infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes the toxin ExoT, which is important for pathogenesis. Here, the authors show that ExoT inhibits NLRC4-dependent inflammatory responses during wound infection.
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17
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Platelet-derived microvesicles deliver miR-30e and promote VSMC apoptosis after balloon injury. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2021.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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18
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IL-10 Dysregulation Underlies Chemokine Insufficiency, Delayed Macrophage Response, and Impaired Healing in Diabetic Wounds. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:692-704.e14. [PMID: 34517005 PMCID: PMC8860852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is a major contributor to healing impairment in diabetic chronic wounds. Paradoxically, diabetic wound environment during the acute phase of healing is completely different because it exhibits a reduced macrophage response owing to inadequate expression of CCL2 proinflammatory cytokine. What causes a reduction in CCL2 expression in diabetic wounds early after injury remains unknown. In this study, we report that in contrast to prolonged exposure to high glucose, which makes monocytes proinflammatory, short-term exposure to high glucose causes a rapid monocyte reprogramming, manifested by increased expression and secretion of IL-10, which in an autocrine/paracrine fashion reduces glucose uptake and transforms monocytes into an anti-inflammatory phenotype by dampening signaling through toll-like receptors. We show that IL-10 expression is significantly increased in diabetic wounds during the acute phase of healing, causing significant reductions in toll-like receptor signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production, delaying macrophage and leukocyte responses, and underlying healing impairment in diabetic wounds. Importantly, blocking IL-10 signaling during the acute phase of healing improves toll-like receptor signaling, increases proinflammatory cytokine production, enhances macrophage and leukocyte responses, and stimulates healing in diabetic wounds. We posit that anti-IL-10 strategies have therapeutic potential if added topically after surgical debridement, which resets chronic wounds into acute fresh wounds.
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19
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Apoptotic cell-derived micro/nanosized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis, such as caspases. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects and possess biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration of apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also addressed here.
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20
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Li M, Xing X, Huang H, Liang C, Gao X, Tang Q, Xu X, Yang J, Liao L, Tian W. BMSC-Derived ApoEVs Promote Craniofacial Bone Repair via ROS/JNK Signaling. J Dent Res 2022; 101:714-723. [PMID: 35114838 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211068338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect caused by trauma, neoplasia, congenital defects, or periodontal disease is a major cause of disability and physical limitation. The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promotes bone repair and regeneration. However, it has been shown that most BMSCs die within a short period after transplantation. During apoptosis, BMSCs generate a large number of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs). This study aims to understand the potential role of ApoEVs in craniofacial bone defect repair and regeneration. First, we confirmed that BMSCs undergo apoptosis within 2 d after transplantation into the defect of the cranium. Abundant ApoEVs were generated from apoptotic BMSCs. Uptake of ApoEVs efficiently promoted the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of recipient BMSCs in vitro. ApoEVs from cells in the middle stage of apoptosis were the most efficient to enhance the regenerative capacity of BMSCs. Moreover, a critical size bone defect model in rats was used to evaluate the osteogenic property of ApoEVs in vivo. Local transplantation of ApoEVs promoted bone regeneration in the calvarial defect. Mechanistically, ApoEVs promoted new bone formation by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species to activate JNK signaling. This study reveals a previously unknown role of the dying transplanted BMSCs in promoting the viability of endogenous BMSCs and repairing the calvarial defects. Since it could avoid several adverse effects and limits of BMSC cytotherapy, treatment of ApoEVs might be a promising strategy in craniofacial bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - H Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - C Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - L Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - W Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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21
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Mahmud F, Roy R, Mohamed MF, Aboonabi A, Moric M, Ghoreishi K, Bayat M, Kuzel TM, Reiser J, Shafikhani SH. Therapeutic evaluation of immunomodulators in reducing surgical wound infection. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22090. [PMID: 34907595 PMCID: PMC9058973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101019r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite many advances in infection control practices, including prophylactic antibiotics, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant cause of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and death worldwide. Our innate immune system possesses a multitude of powerful antimicrobial strategies which make it highly effective in combating bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. However, pathogens use various stealth mechanisms to avoid the innate immune system, which in turn buy them time to colonize wounds and damage tissues at surgical sites. We hypothesized that immunomodulators that can jumpstart and activate innate immune responses at surgical sites, would likely reduce infection at surgical sites. We used three immunomodulators; fMLP (formyl-Methionine-Lysine-Proline), CCL3 (MIP-1α), and LPS (Lipopolysaccharide), based on their documented ability to elicit strong inflammatory responses; in a surgical wound infection model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate our hypothesis. Our data indicate that one-time topical treatment with these immunomodulators at low doses significantly increased proinflammatory responses in infected and uninfected surgical wounds and were as effective, (or even better), than a potent prophylactic antibiotic (Tobramycin) in reducing P. aeruginosa infection in wounds. Our data further show that immunomodulators did not have adverse effects on tissue repair and wound healing processes. Rather, they enhanced healing in both infected and uninfected wounds. Collectively, our data demonstrate that harnessing the power of the innate immune system by immunomodulators can significantly boost infection control and potentially stimulate healing. We propose that topical treatment with these immunomodulators at the time of surgery may have therapeutic potential in combating SSI, alone or in combination with prophylactic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foyez Mahmud
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruchi Roy
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed F. Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anahita Aboonabi
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mario Moric
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville and Noveratech LLC. of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Timothy M. Kuzel
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sasha H. Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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22
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Sanwlani R, Gangoda L. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cell Death and Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:2663. [PMID: 34685643 PMCID: PMC8534608 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as novel mediators of intercellular communication. They work via delivering the sequestered cargo to cells in the close vicinity, as well as distant sites in the body, regulating pathophysiological processes. Cell death and inflammation are biologically crucial processes in both normal physiology and pathology. These processes are indistinguishably linked with their effectors modulating the other process. For instance, during an unresolvable infection, the upregulation of specific immune mediators leads to inflammation causing cell death and tissue damage. EVs have gained considerable interest as mediators of both cell death and inflammation during conditions, such as sepsis. This review summarizes the types of extracellular vesicles known to date and their roles in mediating immune responses leading to cell death and inflammation with specific focus on sepsis and lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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23
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Mohamed MF, Wood SJ, Roy R, Reiser J, Kuzel TM, Shafikhani SH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoT induces G1 cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13339. [PMID: 33821556 PMCID: PMC8277761 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin T (ExoT) employs two distinct mechanisms to induce potent apoptotic cytotoxicity in a variety of cancer cell lines. We further demonstrated that it can significantly reduce tumour growth in an animal model for melanoma. During these studies, we observed that melanoma cells that were transfected with ExoT failed to undergo mitosis, regardless of whether they eventually succumbed to ExoT-induced apoptosis or survived in ExoT's presence. In this report, we sought to investigate ExoT's antiproliferative activity in melanoma. We delivered ExoT into B16 melanoma cells by bacteria (to show necessity) and by transfection (to show sufficiency). Our data indicate that ExoT exerts a potent antiproliferative function in melanoma cells. We show that ExoT causes cell cycle arrest in G1 interphase in melanoma cells by dampening the G1/S checkpoint proteins. Our data demonstrate that both domains of ExoT; (the ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) domain and the GTPase activating protein (GAP) domain); contribute to ExoT-induced G1 cell cycle arrest in melanoma. Finally, we show that the ADPRT-induced G1 cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells likely involves the Crk adaptor protein. Our data reveal a novel virulence function for ExoT and further highlight the therapeutic potential of ExoT against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Mohamed
- Department of Medicine/ Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Stephen J. Wood
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruchi Roy
- Department of Medicine/ Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine/ Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy M. Kuzel
- Department of Medicine/ Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sasha H. Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine/ Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Farzamikia N, Baradaran B, Mostafavi S, Ahmadian E, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Podocyte-derived microparticles in IgA nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111891. [PMID: 34237594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles are a general term for different types of cell plasma membrane-originated vesicles that are released into the extracellular environment. The paracrine action of these nano-sized vesicles is crucial for intercellular communications through the transfer of diverse lipids, cytosolic proteins, RNA as well as microRNAs. The progression of different diseases influences the composition, occurrence, and functions of these cell-derived particles. Podocyte injury has been shown to have an important role in the pathophysiology of many glomerular diseases including IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This review would focus on the possible potential of podocyte-derived microparticles detected in urine to be used as a diagnostic tool in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farzamikia
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soroush Mostafavi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Fu Y, Sui B, Xiang L, Yan X, Wu D, Shi S, Hu X. Emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:596. [PMID: 34108448 PMCID: PMC8190192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) has been recognized as a potent and promising approach to achieve immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, but the mechanisms of how MSCs exert therapeutic effects remain to be elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that transplanted MSCs only briefly remain viable in recipients, after which they undergo apoptosis in the host circulation or in engrafted tissues. Intriguingly, apoptosis of infused MSCs has been revealed to be indispensable for their therapeutic efficacy, while recipient cells can also develop apoptosis as a beneficial response in restoring systemic and local tissue homeostasis. It is notable that apoptotic cells produce apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs), traditionally known as apoptotic bodies (apoBDs), which possess characterized miRnomes and proteomes that contribute to their specialized function and to intercellular communication. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that the impact of apoEVs is long-lasting in health and disease contexts, and they critically mediate the efficacy of MSCT. In this review, we summarize the emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating MSCT, highlighting the potential of apoEVs as cell-free therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.,South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Xutong Yan
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Di Wu
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
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26
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Li M, Liao L, Tian W. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Apoptotic Cells: An Essential Link Between Death and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573511. [PMID: 33134295 PMCID: PMC7561711 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a universal and continuous event during tissue development, restoration, repair, and regeneration. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that apoptosis is essential for the activation of tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. A striking development in recent years comes from research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from apoptotic cells. During apoptosis, cells secrete vesicles of various sizes containing various components. Apoptotic cell-derived EVs (ApoEVs) have been found to transit to neighboring cells or cells in distant tissues through the circulation. These vesicles could act as containers to transmit the nucleic acid, protein, and lipid signals to target cells. ApoEVs have been shown to promote regeneration in the cardiovascular system, skin, bone, muscle, kidney, etc. Moreover, several specific signaling pathways mediating the anabolic effects of ApoEVs have been classified. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the latest findings on the function of ApoEVs in tissue regeneration and disease prevention. These findings may reveal unexpected clues regarding the regulatory network between cell death and tissue regeneration and suggest novel targets for regenerative medicine. The findings discussed here also raise the question whether and to what extent ApoEVs contribute to embryonic development. This question is all the more urgent because the exact functions of apoptotic events during numerous developmental processes are still largely unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojiao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Cell death in the gut epithelium and implications for chronic inflammation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:543-556. [PMID: 32651553 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium has one of the highest rates of cellular turnover in a process that is tightly regulated. As the transit-amplifying progenitors of the intestinal epithelium generate ~300 cells per crypt every day, regulated cell death and sloughing at the apical surface keeps the overall cell number in check. An aberrant increase in the rate of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death underlies instances of extensive epithelial erosion, which is characteristic of several intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. Emerging evidence points to a crucial role of necroptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis as important modes of programmed cell death in the intestine in addition to apoptosis. The mode of cell death affects tissue restitution responses and ultimately the long-term risks of intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer. A vicious cycle of intestinal barrier breach, misregulated cell death and subsequent inflammation is at the heart of chronic inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal diseases. This Review discusses the underlying molecular and cellular underpinnings that control programmed cell death in IECs, which emerge during intestinal diseases. Translational aspects of cell death modulation for the development of novel therapeutic alternatives for inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer are also discussed.
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28
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Bose RJC, Tharmalingam N, Garcia Marques FJ, Sukumar UK, Natarajan A, Zeng Y, Robinson E, Bermudez A, Chang E, Habte F, Pitteri SJ, McCarthy JR, Gambhir SS, Massoud TF, Mylonakis E, Paulmurugan R. Reconstructed Apoptotic Bodies as Targeted "Nano Decoys" to Treat Intracellular Bacterial Infections within Macrophages and Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5818-5835. [PMID: 32347709 PMCID: PMC9116903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a highly pathogenic facultative anaerobe that in some instances resides as an intracellular bacterium within macrophages and cancer cells. This pathogen can establish secondary infection foci, resulting in recurrent systemic infections that are difficult to treat using systemic antibiotics. Here, we use reconstructed apoptotic bodies (ReApoBds) derived from cancer cells as "nano decoys" to deliver vancomycin intracellularly to kill S. aureus by targeting inherent "eat me" signaling of ApoBds. We prepared ReApoBds from different cancer cells (SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, U87-MG, and LN229) and used them for vancomycin delivery. Physicochemical characterization showed ReApoBds size ranges from 80 to 150 nm and vancomycin encapsulation efficiency of 60 ± 2.56%. We demonstrate that the loaded vancomycin was able to kill intracellular S. aureus efficiently in an in vitro model of S. aureus infected RAW-264.7 macrophage cells, and U87-MG (p53-wt) and LN229 (p53-mt) cancer cells, compared to free-vancomycin treatment (P < 0.001). The vancomycin loaded ReApoBds treatment in S. aureus infected macrophages showed a two-log-order higher CFU reduction than the free-vancomycin treatment group. In vivo studies revealed that ReApoBds can specifically target macrophages and cancer cells. Vancomycin loaded ReApoBds have the potential to kill intracellular S. aureus infection in vivo in macrophages and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran J C Bose
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Nagendran Tharmalingam
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
| | - Fernando J Garcia Marques
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Uday Kumar Sukumar
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Arutselvan Natarajan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Elise Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Frezghi Habte
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker Street, Utica, New York 13501, United States
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
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29
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Liu H, Liu S, Qiu X, Yang X, Bao L, Pu F, Liu X, Li C, Xuan K, Zhou J, Deng Z, Liu S, Jin Y. Donor MSCs release apoptotic bodies to improve myocardial infarction via autophagy regulation in recipient cells. Autophagy 2020; 16:2140-2155. [PMID: 31959090 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1717128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been widely applied as a potential therapeutic for multiple diseases. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood, especially the paradox between the low survival rate of transplanted cells and the beneficial therapeutic effects generated by these cells. Herein, in a myocardial infarction (MI) model, we found that transplanted MSCs released apoptotic bodies (ABs) to enhance angiogenesis and improve cardiac functional reclovery via regulating macroautophagy/autophagy in the recipient endothelial cells (ECs). Mechanistically, after local transplantation, MSCs underwent extensive apoptosis in the short term and released ABs, which were engulfed by the recipient ECs. Then, in the ECs, ABs activated lysosome functions and promoted the expression of TFEB (transcription factor EB), which is a master gene in lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Finally, the increase in TFEB enhanced autophagy-related gene expression in ECs and promoted angiogenesis and cardiac functional recovery after MI. Collectively, we found that apoptotic donor MSCs promote angiogenesis via regulating autophagy in the recipient ECs, unveiling the role of donor cell apoptosis in the therapeutic effects generated by cell transplantation. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ABs: apoptotic bodies; BECN1: beclin 1; CASP3: caspase 3; CQ: chloroquine; ECs: endothelial cells; EVs: extracellular vesicles; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MI: myocardial infarction; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; NO: nitric oxide; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TUNEL: TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengxing Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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30
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Bussolati B, Camussi G. Renal injury: Early apoptotic extracellular vesicles in injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 13:523-524. [PMID: 28819190 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy
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31
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Wong WY, Allie S, Limesand KH. PKCζ and JNK signaling regulate radiation-induced compensatory proliferation in parotid salivary glands. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219572. [PMID: 31287841 PMCID: PMC6615637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a common treatment option for head and neck cancer patients; however, the surrounding healthy salivary glands are often incidentally irradiated during the process. As a result, patients often experience persistent xerostomia and hyposalivation, which deceases their quality of life. Clinically, there is currently no standard of care available to restore salivary function. Repair of epithelial wounds involves cellular proliferation and establishment of polarity in order to regenerate the tissue. This process is partially mediated by protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ), an apical polarity regulator; however, its role following radiation damage is not completely understood. Using an in vivo radiation model, we show a significant decrease in active PKCζ in irradiated murine parotid glands, which correlates with increased proliferation that is sustained through 30 days post-irradiation. Additionally, salivary glands in PKCζ null mice show increased basal proliferation which radiation treatment did not further potentiate. Radiation damage also activates Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a proliferation-inducing mitogen-activated protein kinase normally inhibited by PKCζ. In both a PKCζ null mouse model and in primary salivary gland cell cultures treated with a PKCζ inhibitor, there was increased JNK activity and production of downstream proliferative transcripts. Collectively, these findings provide a potential molecular link by which PKCζ suppression following radiation damage promotes JNK activation and radiation-induced compensatory proliferation in the salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu Wong
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sydney Allie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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32
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Braun F, Müller RU. Urinary extracellular vesicles as a source of biomarkers reflecting renal cellular biology in human disease. Methods Cell Biol 2019; 154:43-65. [PMID: 31493821 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the focus of extensive research efforts attempting to uncover their biological function in health and disease. Likewise, numerous studies have investigated them as a source of potential biomarkers to complement or replace the routine diagnostic procedures. Urinary extracellular vesicles take a distinct place among these studies, as they hold the promise to reflect changes in the cellular biology of the nephron and can be isolated without any invasive procedure. However, their potential has been insufficiently exploited since both their biological function and their use for diagnostic purposes in human disease have only gained increasing attention in the last years. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge about urinary extracellular vesicles with a special focus on novel nomenclature recommendations, current techniques for urinary EV separation and potential biomarkers that have emerged from the analysis of urinary EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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33
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Wu Q, Wu W, Fu B, Shi L, Wang X, Kuca K. JNK signaling in cancer cell survival. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2082-2104. [PMID: 30912203 DOI: 10.1002/med.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in cancer cell apoptosis; however, emerging evidence indicates that this Janus signaling promotes cancer cell survival. JNK acts synergistically with NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and other signaling molecules to exert a survival function. JNK positively regulates autophagy to counteract apoptosis, and its effect on autophagy is related to the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. The prosurvival effect of JNK may involve an immune evasion mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor-β, toll-like receptors, interferon-γ, and autophagy, as well as compensatory JNK-dependent cell proliferation. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the prosurvival function of JNK and its role in tumor development and chemoresistance, including a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK-mediated cancer cell survival. There is a focus on the specific "Yin and Yang" functions of JNK1 and JNK2 in the regulation of cancer cell survival. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the roles of JNK in cancer cell survival, which may provide insight into the distinct functions of JNK in cancer and its potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Bishi Fu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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34
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Exosomes and microvesicles in normal physiology, pathophysiology, and renal diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:11-30. [PMID: 29181712 PMCID: PMC6244861 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membrane particles ranging from 30 to 5,000 nm in size, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. They are released under physiological conditions, but also upon cellular activation, senescence, and apoptosis. They play an important role in intercellular communication. Their release may also maintain cellular integrity by ridding the cell of damaging substances. This review describes the biogenesis, uptake, and detection of extracellular vesicles in addition to the impact that they have on recipient cells, focusing on mechanisms important in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases, such as thrombosis, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, immune modulation, and inflammation. In kidney diseases, extracellular vesicles may be utilized as biomarkers, as they are detected in both blood and urine. Furthermore, they may contribute to the pathophysiology of renal disease while also having beneficial effects associated with tissue repair. Because of their role in the promotion of thrombosis, inflammation, and immune-mediated disease, they could be the target of drug therapy, whereas their favorable effects could be utilized therapeutically in acute and chronic kidney injury.
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35
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Lv LL, Feng Y, Tang TT, Liu BC. New insight into the role of extracellular vesicles in kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:731-739. [PMID: 30585399 PMCID: PMC6349185 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released to maintain cellular homeostasis as well as to mediate cell communication by spreading protective or injury signals to neighbour or remote cells. In kidney, increasing evidence support that EVs are signalling vesicles for different segments of tubules, intra‐glomerular, glomerular‐tubule and tubule‐interstitial communication. EVs released by kidney resident and infiltrating cells can be isolated from urine and were found to be promising biomarkers for kidney disease, reflecting deterioration of renal function and histological change. We have here summarized the recent progress about the functional role of EVs in kidney disease as well as challenges and future directions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Lv
- Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao-Tao Tang
- Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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36
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Shender VO, Arapidi GP, Pavlyukov MS, Shnaider PV, Anufrieva KS, Stepanov GA, Govorun VM. The Role of Intercellular Communication in Cancer Progression. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Baena-Lopez LA, Arthurton L, Xu DC, Galasso A. Non-apoptotic Caspase regulation of stem cell properties. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 82:118-126. [PMID: 29102718 PMCID: PMC6191935 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved family of proteins called caspases are the main factors mediating the orchestrated programme of cell suicide known as apoptosis. Since this protein family was associated with this essential biological function, the majority of scientific efforts were focused towards understanding their molecular activation and function during cell death. However, an emerging body of evidence has highlighted a repertoire of non-lethal roles within a large variety of cell types, including stem cells. Here we intend to provide a comprehensive overview of the key role of caspases as regulators of stem cell properties. Finally, we briefly discuss the possible pathological consequences of caspase malfunction in stem cells, and the therapeutic potential of caspase regulation applied to this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis Arthurton
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Cui Xu
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Galasso
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, OX13RE, United Kingdom
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38
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Kaminski A, Gupta KH, Goldufsky JW, Lee HW, Gupta V, Shafikhani SH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis in Target Host Cells in a Manner That is Dependent on its GAP Domain Activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14047. [PMID: 30232373 PMCID: PMC6145893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. ExoS and ExoT are two homologous bifunctional Type III Secretion System (T3SS) virulence factors that induce apoptosis in target host cells. They possess a GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) domain at their N-termini, which share ~76% homology, and an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) domain at their C-termini, which target non-overlapping substrates. Both the GAP and the ADPRT domains contribute to ExoT's cytotoxicity in target epithelial cells, whereas, ExoS-induced apoptosis is reported to be primarily due to its ADPRT domain. In this report, we demonstrate that ExoS/GAP domain is both necessary and sufficient to induce mitochondrial apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that intoxication with ExoS/GAP domain leads to enrichment of Bax and Bim into the mitochondrial outer-membrane, disruption of mitochondrial membrane and release of and cytochrome c into the cytosol, which activates initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-3, that executes cellular death. We posit that the contribution of the GAP domain in ExoS-induced apoptosis was overlooked in prior studies due to its slower kinetics of cytotoxicity as compared to ADPRT. Our data clarify the field and reveal a novel virulence function for ExoS/GAP as an inducer of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kajal H Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Josef W Goldufsky
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ha Won Lee
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sasha H Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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39
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He C, Zheng S, Luo Y, Wang B. Exosome Theranostics: Biology and Translational Medicine. Theranostics 2018; 8:237-255. [PMID: 29290805 PMCID: PMC5743472 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are common membrane-bound nanovesicles that contain diverse biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosomes are derived from cells through exocytosis, are ingested by target cells, and can transfer biological signals between local or distant cells. Exosome secretion is a constitutive phenomenon that is involved in both physiological and pathological processes and determines both the exosomal surface molecules and the contents. Hence, we can exploit exosomes as biomarkers, vaccines and drug carriers and modify them rationally for therapeutic interventions. However, it is still a challenge to identify, isolate and quantify exosomes accurately, efficiently and selectively. Further studies on exosomes will explore their potential in translational medicine and provide new avenues for the creation of effective clinical diagnostics and therapeutic strategies; the use of exosomes in these applications can be called exosome theranostics. This review describes the fundamental processes of exosome formation and uptake. In addition, the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes in biology are also illustrated with a focus on how exosomes can be exploited or engineered as powerful tools in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang He
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029 China
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