1
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Elmubarak I, Shril S, Mansour B, Bao A, Kolvenbach CM, Kari JA, Shalaby MA, El Desoky S, Hildebrandt F, Schneider R. Recessive variants in MYO1C as a potential novel cause of proteinuric kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s00467-024-06426-1. [PMID: 38904753 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is the second leading cause of chronic kidney disease among patients < 25 years of age. Through exome sequencing, identification of > 65 monogenic causes has revealed insights into disease mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome (NS). METHODS To elucidate novel monogenic causes of NS, we combined homozygosity mapping with exome sequencing in a worldwide cohort of 1649 pediatric patients with NS. RESULTS We identified homozygous missense variants in MYO1C in two unrelated children with NS (c.292C > T, p.R98W; c.2273 A > T, p.K758M). We evaluated publicly available kidney single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and found MYO1C to be predominantly expressed in podocytes. We then performed structural modeling for the identified variants in PyMol using aligned shared regions from two available partial structures of MYO1C (4byf and 4r8g). In both structures, calmodulin, a common regulator of myosin activity, is shown to bind to the IQ motif. At both residue sites (K758; R98), there are ion-ion interactions stabilizing intradomain and ligand interactions: R98 binds to nearby D220 within the myosin motor domain and K758 binds to E14 on a calmodulin molecule. Variants of these charged residues to non-charged amino acids could ablate these ionic interactions, weakening protein structure and function establishing the impact of these variants. CONCLUSION We here identified recessive variants in MYO1C as a potential novel cause of NS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzeldin Elmubarak
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bshara Mansour
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Bao
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Kolvenbach
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Shalaby
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Desoky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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2
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Coulter AM, Cortés V, Theodore CJ, Cianciolo RE, Korstanje R, Campellone KG. WHAMM functions in kidney reabsorption and polymerizes actin to promote autophagosomal membrane closure and cargo sequestration. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar80. [PMID: 38598293 PMCID: PMC11238085 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many functions of eukaryotic cells, but the factors that nucleate actin assembly are not well understood at the organismal level or in the context of disease. To explore the function of the actin nucleation factor WHAMM in mice, we examined how Whamm inactivation impacts kidney physiology and cellular proteostasis. We show that male WHAMM knockout mice excrete elevated levels of albumin, glucose, phosphate, and amino acids, and display structural abnormalities of the kidney proximal tubule, suggesting that WHAMM activity is important for nutrient reabsorption. In kidney tissue, the loss of WHAMM results in the accumulation of the lipidated autophagosomal membrane protein LC3, indicating an alteration in autophagy. In mouse fibroblasts and human proximal tubule cells, WHAMM and its binding partner the Arp2/3 complex control autophagic membrane closure and cargo receptor recruitment. These results reveal a role for WHAMM-mediated actin assembly in maintaining kidney function and promoting proper autophagosome membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Coulter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | - Corey J. Theodore
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | | | - Kenneth G. Campellone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
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Wu H, Liu Y, Jia Z, Huang S, Ding G, Zhang A, Yu J. Inhibition of RAC attenuates Adriamycin-induced podocyte injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149807. [PMID: 38552554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Minimal Change Disease (MCD), which is associated with podocyte injury, is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. A considerable number of patients experience relapses and require prolonged use of prednisone and immunosuppressants. Multi-drug resistance and frequent relapses can lead to disease progression to focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). To identify potential targets for therapy of podocyte injury, we examined microarray data of mRNAs in glomerular samples from both MCD patients and healthy donors, obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct the protein-protein interactions (PPI) network through the application of the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) tool. The most connected genes in the network were ranked using cytoHubba. 16 hub genes were selected and validated by qRT-PCR. RAC2 was identified as a potential therapeutic target for further investigation. By downregulating RAC2, Adriamycin (ADR)-induced human podocytes (HPCs) injury was attenuated. EHT-1864, a small molecule inhibitor that targets the RAC (RAC1, RAC2, RAC3) family, proved to be more effective than RAC2 silencing in reducing HPCs injury. In conclusion, our research suggests that EHT-1864 may be a promising new molecular drug candidate for patients with MCD and FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujin Liu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China; Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Liu PJ, Sayeeda K, Zhuang C, Krendel M. Roles of myosin 1e and the actin cytoskeleton in kidney functions and familial kidney disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38708443 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys are responsible for removing metabolic waste and maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis via selective filtration. One of the proteins closely linked to selective renal filtration is myosin 1e (Myo1e), an actin-dependent molecular motor found in the specialized kidney epithelial cells involved in the assembly and maintenance of the renal filter. Point mutations in the gene encoding Myo1e, MYO1E, have been linked to familial kidney disease, and Myo1e knockout in mice leads to the disruption of selective filtration. In this review, we discuss the role of the actin cytoskeleton in renal filtration, the known and hypothesized functions of Myo1e, and the possible explanations for the impact of MYO1E mutations on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kazi Sayeeda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Cindy Zhuang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Elmubarak I, Shril S, Mansour B, Bao A, Kolvenbach C, Desoky SE, Shalaby M, Kari J, Hildebrandt F, Schneider R. Recessive variants in MYO1C as a potential novel cause of proteinuric kidney disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4183332. [PMID: 38659911 PMCID: PMC11042399 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4183332/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is the second leading cause of chronic kidney disease among patients <25 years of age. Through whole exome sequencing, identification of >65 monogenic causes has rendered insights into disease mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome. Methods To elucidate novel monogenic causes of NS, we combined homozygosity mapping with ES in a worldwide cohort of 1649 pediatric patients with NS. Results We identified homozygous missense variants in MYO1C in two unrelated children with nephrotic syndrome (c.292C>T, p.R98W; c.2273 A>T, p.K758M). We evaluated publicly available kidney single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and found MYO1Cto be predominantly expressed in podocytes. We then performed structural modeling in molecular viewer PyMol using the super function aligning shared regions within both partial structures of MYO1C (4byf and 4r8g). In both structures, calmodulin, a common regulator of myosin activity, is shown to bind to the IQ motif. At both residue sites (K758; R98), there are ion-ion interactions stabilizing intradomain and ligand interactions: R98 binds to nearby D220 within the Myosin Motor Domain and K758 binds to E14 on a calmodulin molecule. Variants of these charged residues to non-charged amino acids could ablate these ionic interactions, weakening protein structure and function establishing the impact of these variants. Conclusion We here identified recessive variants in MYO1C as a potential novel cause of nephrotic syndrome in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Boston Childrens Hospital: Boston Children's Hospital
| | | | - Aaron Bao
- Boston Childrens Hospital: Boston Children's Hospital
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Saito K, Yokawa S, Kurihara H, Yaoita E, Mizuta S, Tada K, Oda M, Hatakeyama H, Ohta Y. FilGAP controls cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and process formation of kidney podocytes. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23504. [PMID: 38421271 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301691rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The function of kidney podocytes is closely associated with actin cytoskeleton regulated by Rho small GTPases. Loss of actin-driven cell adhesions and processes is connected to podocyte dysfunction, proteinuria, and kidney diseases. FilGAP, a GTPase-activating protein for Rho small GTPase Rac1, is abundantly expressed in kidney podocytes, and its gene is linked to diseases in a family with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we have studied the role of FilGAP in podocytes in vitro. Depletion of FilGAP in cultured podocytes induced loss of actin stress fibers and increased Rac1 activity. Conversely, forced expression of FilGAP increased stress fiber formation whereas Rac1 activation significantly reduced its formation. FilGAP localizes at the focal adhesion (FA), an integrin-based protein complex closely associated with stress fibers, that mediates cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion, and FilGAP depletion decreased FA formation and impaired attachment to the ECM. Moreover, in unique podocyte cell cultures capable of inducing the formation of highly organized processes including major processes and foot process-like projections, FilGAP depletion or Rac1 activation decreased the formation of these processes. The reduction of FAs and process formations in FilGAP-depleted podocyte cells was rescued by inhibition of Rac1 or P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a downstream effector of Rac1, and PAK1 activation inhibited their formations. Thus, FilGAP contributes to both cell-ECM adhesion and process formation of podocytes by suppressing Rac1/PAK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Saito
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Yokawa
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetake Kurihara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aino University, Osaka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eishin Yaoita
- Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sari Mizuta
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanae Tada
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Moemi Oda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Hatakeyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ohta
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Coulter AM, Cortés V, Theodore CJ, Cianciolo RE, Korstanje R, Campellone KG. WHAMM functions in kidney reabsorption and polymerizes actin to promote autophagosomal membrane closure and cargo sequestration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576497. [PMID: 38328079 PMCID: PMC10849548 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many functions of eukaryotic cells, but the factors that nucleate actin assembly are not well understood at the organismal level or in the context of disease. To explore the function of the actin nucleation factor WHAMM in mice, we examined how Whamm inactivation impacts kidney physiology and cellular proteostasis. We show that male WHAMM knockout mice excrete elevated levels of albumin, glucose, phosphate, and amino acids, and display abnormalities of the kidney proximal tubule, suggesting that WHAMM activity is important for nutrient reabsorption. In kidney tissue, the loss of WHAMM results in the accumulation of the lipidated autophagosomal membrane protein LC3, indicating an alteration in autophagy. In mouse fibroblasts and human proximal tubule cells, WHAMM and its binding partner the Arp2/3 complex control autophagic membrane closure and cargo receptor recruitment. These results reveal a role for WHAMM-mediated actin assembly in maintaining kidney function and promoting proper autophagosome membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Coulter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | | | - Corey J Theodore
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
- Center on Aging; UConn Health, Farmington CT, USA
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8
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Tsang TH, Wiese M, Helmstädter M, Stehle T, Seyfferth J, Shvedunova M, Holz H, Walz G, Akhtar A. Transcriptional regulation by the NSL complex enables diversification of IFT functions in ciliated versus nonciliated cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh5598. [PMID: 37624894 PMCID: PMC10456878 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Members of the NSL histone acetyltransferase complex are involved in multiorgan developmental syndromes. While the NSL complex is known for its importance in early development, its role in fully differentiated cells remains enigmatic. Using a kidney-specific model, we discovered that deletion of NSL complex members KANSL2 or KANSL3 in postmitotic podocytes led to catastrophic kidney dysfunction. Systematic comparison of two primary differentiated cell types reveals the NSL complex as a master regulator of intraciliary transport genes in both dividing and nondividing cells. NSL complex ablation led to loss of cilia and impaired sonic hedgehog pathway in ciliated fibroblasts. By contrast, nonciliated podocytes responded with altered microtubule dynamics and obliterated podocyte functions. Finally, overexpression of wild-type but not a double zinc finger (ZF-ZF) domain mutant of KANSL2 rescued the transcriptional defects, revealing a critical function of this domain in NSL complex assembly and function. Thus, the NSL complex exhibits bifurcation of functions to enable diversity of specialized outcomes in differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Hong Tsang
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Wiese
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stehle
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Seyfferth
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Holz
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Rogg M, Maier JI, Helmstädter M, Sammarco A, Kliewe F, Kretz O, Weißer L, Van Wymersch C, Findeisen K, Koessinger AL, Tsoy O, Baumbach J, Grabbert M, Werner M, Huber TB, Endlich N, Schilling O, Schell C. A YAP/TAZ-ARHGAP29-RhoA Signaling Axis Regulates Podocyte Protrusions and Integrin Adhesions. Cells 2023; 12:1795. [PMID: 37443829 PMCID: PMC10340513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular disease due to podocyte malfunction is a major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Identification of podocyte-specific signaling pathways is therefore a prerequisite to characterizing relevant disease pathways and developing novel treatment approaches. Here, we employed loss of function studies for EPB41L5 (Yurt) as a central podocyte gene to generate a cell type-specific disease model. Loss of Yurt in fly nephrocytes caused protein uptake and slit diaphragm defects. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of human EPB41L5 knockout podocytes demonstrated impaired mechanotransduction via the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. Further analysis of specific inhibition of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcription factor complex by TEADi led to the identification of ARGHAP29 as an EPB41L5 and YAP/TAZ-dependently expressed podocyte RhoGAP. Knockdown of ARHGAP29 caused increased RhoA activation, defective lamellipodia formation, and increased maturation of integrin adhesion complexes, explaining similar phenotypes caused by loss of EPB41L5 and TEADi expression in podocytes. Detection of increased levels of ARHGAP29 in early disease stages of human glomerular disease implies a novel negative feedback loop for mechanotransductive RhoA-YAP/TAZ signaling in podocyte physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin I. Maier
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (N.E.)
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Weißer
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clara Van Wymersch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karla Findeisen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna L. Koessinger
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Tsoy
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; (O.T.)
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; (O.T.)
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus Grabbert
- Department of Urology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (N.E.)
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Campellone KG, Lebek NM, King VL. Branching out in different directions: Emerging cellular functions for the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family actin nucleation factors. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151301. [PMID: 36907023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton impacts practically every function of a eukaryotic cell. Historically, the best-characterized cytoskeletal activities are in cell morphogenesis, motility, and division. The structural and dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton are also crucial for establishing, maintaining, and changing the organization of membrane-bound organelles and other intracellular structures. Such activities are important in nearly all animal cells and tissues, although distinct anatomical regions and physiological systems rely on different regulatory factors. Recent work indicates that the Arp2/3 complex, a broadly expressed actin nucleator, drives actin assembly during several intracellular stress response pathways. These newly described Arp2/3-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements are coordinated by members of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation-promoting factors. Thus, the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family proteins are emerging as crucial players in cytoplasmic and nuclear activities including autophagy, apoptosis, chromatin dynamics, and DNA repair. Characterizations of the functions of the actin assembly machinery in such stress response mechanisms are advancing our understanding of both normal and pathogenic processes, and hold great promise for providing insights into organismal development and interventions for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Nadine M Lebek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Virginia L King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
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11
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De Luca F, Kha M, Swärd K, Johansson ME. Identification of ARMH4 and WIPF3 as human podocyte proteins with potential roles in immunomodulation and cytoskeletal dynamics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280270. [PMID: 36649229 PMCID: PMC9844829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The podocyte is a specialized cell type critically involved in maintaining the selective filtration barrier of the kidney. Podocytes are primary or secondary targets for a multitude of kidney diseases. Despite intense investigation, the transcriptome and proteome of human podocytes remain incompletely characterized. Here, we analyzed publicly available RNA-Seq data from human kidneys (n = 85) to computationally identify potential novel podocyte markers. For confirmation, we used an online histology resource followed by in-house staining of human kidneys and biochemical fractionation of glomeruli. Initial characterization of the novel podocyte transcripts was performed using viral overexpression and mRNA silencing. Several previously unrecognized gene products were identified that correlated to established podocyte markers on the RNA level and that were histologically localized to podocytes. ARMH4 (a.k.a. UT2 or C14orf37) and WIPF3 (a.k.a CR16) were among the hits. We show that these transcripts increase in response to overexpression of the podocyte transcription factor LMX1B. Overexpression of ARMH4 from low endogenous levels in primary kidney epithelial cells reduced the release of the inflammatory mediators IL-1B and IL-8 (CXCL8). The opposite effect was seen in mature human podocytes when ARMH4 was silenced. Overexpression of WIPF3 stabilized N-WASP, known to be required for maintenance of podocyte foot processes, and increased cell motility as shown using a scratch assay. Moreover, data from normal and diseased human kidneys showed that ARMH4 was downregulated in glomerular pathologies, while WIPF3 remained constantly expressed. ARMH4 and WIPF3 are new potential markers of human podocytes, where they may modulate inflammatory insults by controlling cytokine release and contribute to cytoskeletal dynamics, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Luca
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michelle Kha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MEJ); (KS)
| | - Martin E. Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MEJ); (KS)
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12
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Siegerist F, Drenic V, Koppe TM, Telli N, Endlich N. Super-Resolution Microscopy: A Technique to Revolutionize Research and Diagnosis of Glomerulopathies. GLOMERULAR DISEASES 2022; 3:19-28. [PMID: 36816428 PMCID: PMC9936760 DOI: 10.1159/000528713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background For decades, knowledge about glomerular (patho)physiology has been tightly linked with advances in microscopic imaging technology. For example, the invention of electron microscopy was required to hypothesize about the mode of glomerular filtration barrier function. Summary Super-resolution techniques, defined as fluorescence microscopy approaches that surpass the optical resolution limit of around 200 nm, have been made available to the scientific community. Several of these different techniques are currently in use in glomerular research. Using three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, the exact morphology of the podocyte filtration slit can be morphometrically analyzed and quantitatively compared across samples originating from animal models or human biopsies. Key Messages Several quantitative image analysis approaches and their potential influence on glomerular research and diagnostics are discussed. By improving not only optical resolution but also information content and turnaround time, super-resolution microscopy has the potential to expand the diagnosis of glomerular disease. Soon, these approaches could be introduced into glomerular disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Siegerist
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Thor-Magnus Koppe
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,NIPOKA GmbH, Greifswald, Germany,*Nicole Endlich,
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13
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Ahmadian E, Eftekhari A, Atakishizada S, Valiyeva M, Ardalan M, Khalilov R, Kavetskyy T. Podocytopathy: The role of actin cytoskeleton. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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14
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Martin CE, Phippen NJ, Keyvani Chahi A, Tilak M, Banerjee SL, Lu P, New LA, Williamson CR, Platt MJ, Simpson JA, Krendel M, Bisson N, Gingras AC, Jones N. Complementary Nck1/2 Signaling in Podocytes Controls α Actinin-4-Mediated Actin Organization, Adhesion, and Basement Membrane Composition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1546-1567. [PMID: 35906089 PMCID: PMC9342632 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of the kidney filtration barrier requires coordinated interactions between podocytes and the underlying glomerular basement membrane (GBM). GBM ligands bind podocyte integrins, which triggers actin-based signaling events critical for adhesion. Nck1/2 adaptors have emerged as essential regulators of podocyte cytoskeletal dynamics. However, the precise signaling mechanisms mediated by Nck1/2 adaptors in podocytes remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS We generated podocytes deficient in Nck1 and Nck2 and used transcriptomic approaches to profile expression differences. Proteomic techniques identified specific binding partners for Nck1 and Nck2 in podocytes. We used cultured podocytes and mice deficient in Nck1 and/or Nck2, along with podocyte injury models, to comprehensively verify our findings. RESULTS Compound loss of Nck1/2 altered expression of genes involved in actin binding, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix composition. Accordingly, Nck1/2-deficient podocytes showed defects in actin organization and cell adhesion in vitro, with podocyte detachment and altered GBM morphology present in vivo. We identified distinct interactomes for Nck1 and Nck2 and uncovered a mechanism by which Nck1 and Nck2 cooperate to regulate actin bundling at focal adhesions via α actinin-4. Furthermore, loss of Nck1 or Nck2 resulted in increased matrix deposition in vivo, with more prominent defects in Nck2-deficient mice, consistent with enhanced susceptibility to podocyte injury. CONCLUSION These findings reveal distinct, yet complementary, roles for Nck proteins in regulating podocyte adhesion, controlling GBM composition, and sustaining filtration barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah J Phippen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manali Tilak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara L Banerjee
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec-Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peihua Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura A New
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Casey R Williamson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew J Platt
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec-Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Malin J, Rosa Birriel C, Astigarraga S, Treisman JE, Hatini V. Sidekick dynamically rebalances contractile and protrusive forces to control tissue morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202107035. [PMID: 35258563 PMCID: PMC8908789 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractile actomyosin and protrusive branched F-actin networks interact in a dynamic balance, repeatedly contracting and expanding apical cell contacts to organize the epithelium of the developing fly retina. Previously we showed that the immunoglobulin superfamily protein Sidekick (Sdk) contributes to contraction by recruiting the actin binding protein Polychaetoid (Pyd) to vertices. Here we show that as tension increases during contraction, Sdk progressively accumulates at vertices, where it toggles to recruit the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) to promote actin branching and protrusion. Sdk alternately interacts with the WRC and Pyd using the same C-terminal motif. With increasing protrusion, levels of Sdk and the WRC decrease at vertices while levels of Pyd increase paving the way for another round of contraction. Thus, by virtue of dynamic association with vertices and interchangeable associations with contractile and protrusive effectors, Sdk is central to controlling the balance between contraction and expansion that shapes this epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Malin
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology and Program in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Christian Rosa Birriel
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology and Program in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Sergio Astigarraga
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jessica E. Treisman
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Victor Hatini
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology and Program in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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16
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Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:493-520. [PMID: 35415751 PMCID: PMC9008595 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
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17
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NUP133 Controls Nuclear Pore Assembly, Transcriptome Composition, and Cytoskeleton Regulation in Podocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081259. [PMID: 35455939 PMCID: PMC9025798 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) frequently leads to end-stage renal disease, ultimately requiring kidney replacement therapies. SRNS is often caused by hereditary monogenic mutations, specifically affecting specialized epithelial cells (podocytes) of the glomerular filtration barrier. Mutations in several components of the nuclear pore complex, including NUP133 and NUP107, have been recently identified to cause hereditary SRNS. However, underlying pathomechanisms, eliciting podocyte-specific manifestations of these nucleoporopathies, remained largely elusive. Here, we generated an in vitro model of NUP133-linked nucleoporopathies using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in human podocytes. Transcriptome, nuclear pore assembly, and cytoskeleton regulation of NUP133 loss-of-function, mutant, and wild-type podocytes were analyzed. Loss of NUP133 translated into a disruption of the nuclear pore, alterations of the podocyte-specific transcriptome, and impaired cellular protrusion generation. Surprisingly, comparative analysis of the described SRNS-related NUP133 mutations revealed only mild defects. Am impaired protein interaction in the Y-complex and decrease of NUP133 protein levels might be the primary and unifying consequence of mutant variants, leading to a partial loss-of-function phenotype and disease manifestation in susceptible cell types, such as podocytes.
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18
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Rogg M, Maier JI, Van Wymersch C, Helmstädter M, Sammarco A, Lindenmeyer M, Zareba P, Montanez E, Walz G, Werner M, Endlich N, Benzing T, Huber TB, Schell C. α-Parvin Defines a Specific Integrin Adhesome to Maintain the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:786-808. [PMID: 35260418 PMCID: PMC8970443 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-matrix adhesion between podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane is essential for the integrity of the kidney's filtration barrier. Despite increasing knowledge about the complexity of integrin adhesion complexes, an understanding of the regulation of these protein complexes in glomerular disease remains elusive. METHODS We mapped the in vivo composition of the podocyte integrin adhesome. In addition, we analyzed conditional knockout mice targeting a gene (Parva) that encodes an actin-binding protein (α-parvin), and murine disease models. To evaluate podocytes in vivo, we used super-resolution microscopy, electron microscopy, multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy, and RNA sequencing. We performed functional analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-generated PARVA single knockout podocytes and PARVA and PARVB double knockout podocytes in three- and two-dimensional cultures using specific extracellular matrix ligands and micropatterns. RESULTS We found that PARVA is essential to prevent podocyte foot process effacement, detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, and the development of FSGS. Through the use of in vitro and in vivo models, we identified an inherent PARVB-dependent compensatory module at podocyte integrin adhesion complexes, sustaining efficient mechanical linkage at the filtration barrier. Sequential genetic deletion of PARVA and PARVB induces a switch in structure and composition of integrin adhesion complexes. This redistribution of these complexes translates into a loss of the ventral actin cytoskeleton, decreased adhesion capacity, impaired mechanical resistance, and dysfunctional extracellular matrix assembly. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal adaptive mechanisms of podocyte integrin adhesion complexes, providing a conceptual framework for therapeutic strategies to prevent podocyte detachment in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin I Maier
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clara Van Wymersch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Zareba
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona and Health Sciences and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany .,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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The Calcium-Sensing Receptor Stabilizes Podocyte Function in Proteinuric Humans and Mice. Kidney Int 2022; 101:1186-1199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Tagaya M, Kume S, Yasuda-Yamahara M, Kuwagata S, Yamahara K, Takeda N, Tanaka Y, Chin-Kanasaki M, Nakae Y, Yokoi H, Mukoyama M, Ishihara N, Nomura M, Araki SI, Maegawa H. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission protects podocytes from albumin-induced cell damage in diabetic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Bock F, Elias BC, Dong X, Parekh DV, Mernaugh G, Viquez OM, Hassan A, Amara VR, Liu J, Brown KL, Terker AS, Chiusa M, Gewin LS, Fogo AB, Brakebusch CH, Pozzi A, Zent R. Rac1 promotes kidney collecting duct integrity by limiting actomyosin activity. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212704. [PMID: 34647970 PMCID: PMC8563289 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A polarized collecting duct (CD), formed from the branching ureteric bud (UB), is a prerequisite for an intact kidney. The small Rho GTPase Rac1 is critical for actin cytoskeletal regulation. We investigated the role of Rac1 in the kidney collecting system by selectively deleting it in mice at the initiation of UB development. The mice exhibited only a mild developmental phenotype; however, with aging, the CD developed a disruption of epithelial integrity and function. Despite intact integrin signaling, Rac1-null CD cells had profound adhesion and polarity abnormalities that were independent of the major downstream Rac1 effector, Pak1. These cells did however have a defect in the WAVE2–Arp2/3 actin nucleation and polymerization apparatus, resulting in actomyosin hyperactivity. The epithelial defects were reversible with direct myosin II inhibition. Furthermore, Rac1 controlled lateral membrane height and overall epithelial morphology by maintaining lateral F-actin and restricting actomyosin. Thus, Rac1 promotes CD epithelial integrity and morphology by restricting actomyosin via Arp2/3-dependent cytoskeletal branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bertha C Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Diptiben V Parekh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Olga M Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Anjana Hassan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Venkateswara Rao Amara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kyle L Brown
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Manuel Chiusa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Cord H Brakebusch
- Biotech Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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22
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Sever S. Role of actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2607-2614. [PMID: 33188449 PMCID: PMC8116355 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity of the glomerular filter is established by physical, chemical, and signaling interplay among its three core constituents: glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes. Functional impairment or injury of any of these three components can lead to proteinuria. Podocytes are injured in many forms of human and experimental glomerular disease, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. One of the earliest signs of podocyte injury is loss of their distinct structure, which is driven by dysregulated dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. The status of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes depends on a set of actin binding proteins, nucleators and inhibitors of actin polymerization, and regulatory GTPases. Mutations that alter protein function in each category have been implicated in glomerular diseases in humans and animal models. In addition, a growing body of studies suggest that pharmacological modifications of the actin cytoskeleton have the potential to become novel therapeutics for podocyte-dependent chronic kidney diseases. This review presents an overview of the essential proteins that establish actin cytoskeleton in podocytes and studies demonstrating the feasibility of drugging actin cytoskeleton in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Sever
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Daehn IS, Duffield JS. The glomerular filtration barrier: a structural target for novel kidney therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:770-788. [PMID: 34262140 PMCID: PMC8278373 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of normal kidney function affects more than 10% of the population and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Kidney diseases are currently treated with immunosuppressive agents, antihypertensives and diuretics with partial but limited success. Most kidney disease is characterized by breakdown of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Specialized podocyte cells maintain the GFB, and structure-function experiments and studies of intercellular communication between the podocytes and other GFB cells, combined with advances from genetics and genomics, have laid the groundwork for a new generation of therapies that directly intervene at the GFB. These include inhibitors of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), short transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1; also known as soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1), roundabout homologue 2 (ROBO2), endothelin receptor A, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (suPAR) and substrate intermediates for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). These molecular targets converge on two key components of GFB biology: mitochondrial function and the actin-myosin contractile machinery. This Review discusses therapies and developments focused on maintaining GFB integrity, and the emerging questions in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Research and Development, Prime Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Maier JI, Rogg M, Helmstädter M, Sammarco A, Walz G, Werner M, Schell C. A Novel Model for Nephrotic Syndrome Reveals Associated Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome and Extramedullary Hematopoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061509. [PMID: 34203913 PMCID: PMC8232754 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome is a complex systemic disorder and is associated with significant morbidity in affected patient populations. Despite its clinical relevance, well-established models are largely missing to further elucidate the implications of uncontrolled urinary protein loss. To overcome this limitation, we generated a novel, inducible, podocyte-specific transgenic mouse model (Epb41l5fl/fl*Nphs1-rtTA-3G*tetOCre), developing nephrotic syndrome in adult mice. Animals were comprehensively characterized, including microbiome analysis and multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging. Induced knockout mice developed a phenotype consistent with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). Although these mice showed hallmark features of severe nephrotic syndrome (including proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and dyslipidemia), they did not exhibit overt chronic kidney disease (CKD) phenotypes. Analysis of the gut microbiome demonstrated distinct dysbiosis and highly significant enrichment of the Alistipes genus. Moreover, Epb41l5-deficient mice developed marked organ pathologies, including extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen. Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated red pulp macrophage proliferation and mTOR activation as driving factors of hematopoietic niche expansion. Thus, this novel mouse model for adult-onset nephrotic syndrome reveals the significant impact of proteinuria on extra-renal manifestations, demonstrating the versatility of this model for nephrotic syndrome-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin I. Maier
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (J.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Immune-mediated entities of (primary) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:423-434. [PMID: 33907872 PMCID: PMC8523460 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) represents a glomerular scar formation downstream of various different mechanisms leading to podocytopathy and podocyte loss. Recently, significant advances were made in understanding genetic factors, podocyte intrinsic mechanisms, and adaptive mechanisms causing FSGS. However, while most cases of nephrotic FSGS are being treated with immunosuppressants, the underlying immune dysregulation, involved immune cells, and soluble factors are only incompletely understood. Thus, we here summarize the current knowledge of proposed immune effector cells, secreted soluble factors, and podocyte response in immune-mediated (primary) FSGS.
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Rogg M, Maier JI, Dotzauer R, Artelt N, Kretz O, Helmstädter M, Abed A, Sammarco A, Sigle A, Sellung D, Dinse P, Reiche K, Yasuda-Yamahara M, Biniossek ML, Walz G, Werner M, Endlich N, Schilling O, Huber TB, Schell C. SRGAP1 Controls Small Rho GTPases To Regulate Podocyte Foot Process Maintenance. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:563-579. [PMID: 33514561 PMCID: PMC7920176 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research demonstrated that small Rho GTPases, modulators of the actin cytoskeleton, are drivers of podocyte foot-process effacement in glomerular diseases, such as FSGS. However, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory networks of small Rho GTPases in podocytes is lacking. METHODS We conducted an analysis of podocyte transcriptome and proteome datasets for Rho GTPases; mapped in vivo, podocyte-specific Rho GTPase affinity networks; and examined conditional knockout mice and murine disease models targeting Srgap1. To evaluate podocyte foot-process morphology, we used super-resolution microscopy and electron microscopy; in situ proximity ligation assays were used to determine the subcellular localization of the small GTPase-activating protein SRGAP1. We performed functional analysis of CRISPR/Cas9-generated SRGAP1 knockout podocytes in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures and quantitative interaction proteomics. RESULTS We demonstrated SRGAP1 localization to podocyte foot processes in vivo and to cellular protrusions in vitro. Srgap1fl/fl*Six2Cre but not Srgap1fl/fl*hNPHS2Cre knockout mice developed an FSGS-like phenotype at adulthood. Podocyte-specific deletion of Srgap1 by hNPHS2Cre resulted in increased susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced nephropathy. Detailed analysis demonstrated significant effacement of podocyte foot processes. Furthermore, SRGAP1-knockout podocytes showed excessive protrusion formation and disinhibition of the small Rho GTPase machinery in vitro. Evaluation of a SRGAP1-dependent interactome revealed the involvement of SRGAP1 with protrusive and contractile actin networks. Analysis of glomerular biopsy specimens translated these findings toward human disease by displaying a pronounced redistribution of SRGAP1 in FSGS. CONCLUSIONS SRGAP1, a podocyte-specific RhoGAP, controls podocyte foot-process architecture by limiting the activity of protrusive, branched actin networks. Therefore, elucidating the complex regulatory small Rho GTPase affinity network points to novel targets for potentially precise intervention in glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rogg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin I. Maier
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Dotzauer
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abed
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alena Sammarco
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - August Sigle
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sellung
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Dinse
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Reiche
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mako Yasuda-Yamahara
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Martin L. Biniossek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Berta-Ottenstein Program, Medical Faculty, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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EPB41L5 controls podocyte extracellular matrix assembly by adhesome-dependent force transmission. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108883. [PMID: 33761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the kidney filtration barrier essentially relies on the balanced interplay of podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Here, we show by analysis of in vitro and in vivo models that a loss of the podocyte-specific FERM-domain protein EPB41L5 results in impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. By using quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretome and matrisome, we demonstrate a shift in ECM composition characterized by diminished deposition of core GBM components, such as LAMA5. Integrin adhesome proteomics reveals that EPB41L5 recruits PDLIM5 and ACTN4 to integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). Consecutively, EPB41L5 knockout podocytes show insufficient maturation of integrin adhesion sites, which translates into impaired force transmission and ECM assembly. These observations build the framework for a model in which EPB41L5 functions as a cell-type-specific regulator of the podocyte adhesome and controls a localized adaptive module in order to prevent podocyte detachment and thereby ensures GBM integrity.
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28
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Schneider R, Deutsch K, Hoeprich GJ, Marquez J, Hermle T, Braun DA, Seltzsam S, Kitzler TM, Mao Y, Buerger F, Majmundar AJ, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Kolvenbach CM, Schierbaum L, Schneider S, Halawi AA, Nakayama M, Mann N, Connaughton DM, Klämbt V, Wagner M, Riedhammer KM, Renders L, Katsura Y, Thumkeo D, Soliman NA, Mane S, Lifton RP, Shril S, Khokha MK, Hoefele J, Goode BL, Hildebrandt F. DAAM2 Variants Cause Nephrotic Syndrome via Actin Dysregulation. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1113-1128. [PMID: 33232676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of >60 monogenic causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS) has revealed a central role for the actin regulators RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 and their effectors, including the formin INF2. By whole-exome sequencing (WES), we here discovered bi-allelic variants in the formin DAAM2 in four unrelated families with steroid-resistant NS. We show that DAAM2 localizes to the cytoplasm in podocytes and in kidney sections. Further, the variants impair DAAM2-dependent actin remodeling processes: wild-type DAAM2 cDNA, but not cDNA representing missense variants found in individuals with NS, rescued reduced podocyte migration rate (PMR) and restored reduced filopodia formation in shRNA-induced DAAM2-knockdown podocytes. Filopodia restoration was also induced by the formin-activating molecule IMM-01. DAAM2 also co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with INF2, which is intriguing since variants in both formins cause NS. Using in vitro bulk and TIRF microscopy assays, we find that DAAM2 variants alter actin assembly activities of the formin. In a Xenopus daam2-CRISPR knockout model, we demonstrate actin dysregulation in vivo and glomerular maldevelopment that is rescued by WT-DAAM2 mRNA. We conclude that DAAM2 variants are a likely cause of monogenic human SRNS due to actin dysregulation in podocytes. Further, we provide evidence that DAAM2-associated SRNS may be amenable to treatment using actin regulating compounds.
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29
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Papalazarou V, Swaminathan K, Jaber-Hijazi F, Spence H, Lahmann I, Nixon C, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Arnold HH, Rottner K, Machesky LM. The Arp2/3 complex is crucial for colonisation of the mouse skin by melanoblasts. Development 2020; 147:dev194555. [PMID: 33028610 PMCID: PMC7687863 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is essential for the assembly of branched filamentous actin, but its role in physiology and development is surprisingly little understood. Melanoblasts deriving from the neural crest migrate along the developing embryo and traverse the dermis to reach the epidermis, colonising the skin and eventually homing within the hair follicles. We have previously established that Rac1 and Cdc42 direct melanoblast migration in vivo We hypothesised that the Arp2/3 complex might be the main downstream effector of these small GTPases. Arp3 depletion in the melanocyte lineage results in severe pigmentation defects in dorsal and ventral regions of the mouse skin. Arp3 null melanoblasts demonstrate proliferation and migration defects and fail to elongate as their wild-type counterparts. Conditional deletion of Arp3 in primary melanocytes causes improper proliferation, spreading, migration and adhesion to extracellular matrix. Collectively, our results suggest that the Arp2/3 complex is absolutely indispensable in the melanocyte lineage in mouse development, and indicate a significant role in developmental processes that require tight regulation of actin-mediated motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Papalazarou
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - Karthic Swaminathan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Farah Jaber-Hijazi
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Heather Spence
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ines Lahmann
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Hans-Henning Arnold
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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30
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Alimohamadi H, Smith AS, Nowak RB, Fowler VM, Rangamani P. Non-uniform distribution of myosin-mediated forces governs red blood cell membrane curvature through tension modulation. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007890. [PMID: 32453720 PMCID: PMC7274484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biconcave disk shape of the mammalian red blood cell (RBC) is unique to the RBC and is vital for its circulatory function. Due to the absence of a transcellular cytoskeleton, RBC shape is determined by the membrane skeleton, a network of actin filaments cross-linked by spectrin and attached to membrane proteins. While the physical properties of a uniformly distributed actin network interacting with the lipid bilayer membrane have been assumed to control RBC shape, recent experiments reveal that RBC biconcave shape also depends on the contractile activity of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) motor proteins. Here, we use the classical Helfrich-Canham model for the RBC membrane to test the role of heterogeneous force distributions along the membrane and mimic the contractile activity of sparsely distributed NMIIA filaments. By incorporating this additional contribution to the Helfrich-Canham energy, we find that the RBC biconcave shape depends on the ratio of forces per unit volume in the dimple and rim regions of the RBC. Experimental measurements of NMIIA densities at the dimple and rim validate our prediction that (a) membrane forces must be non-uniform along the RBC membrane and (b) the force density must be larger in the dimple than the rim to produce the observed membrane curvatures. Furthermore, we predict that RBC membrane tension and the orientation of the applied forces play important roles in regulating this force-shape landscape. Our findings of heterogeneous force distributions on the plasma membrane for RBC shape maintenance may also have implications for shape maintenance in different cell types. The spectrin-actin network of the membrane skeleton plays an important role in controlling specialized cell membrane morphology. In the paradigmatic red blood cell (RBC), where actin filaments are present exclusively in the membrane skeleton, recent experiments reveal that nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) motor contractility maintains the RBC biconcave disk shape. In this study, we have identified criteria for micron-scale distributions of NMIIA forces at the membrane required to maintain the biconcave disk shape of an RBC in the resting condition. Supported by experimental measurements of RBC NMIIA distribution, we showed that a heterogeneous force distribution with a larger force density at the dimple is able to capture the experimentally observed biconcave morphology of an RBC with better accuracy compared to previous models that did not consider the heterogeneity in the force distribution. Furthermore, we showed that the biconcave geometry of the RBC is closely regulated by the effective membrane tension and the direction of applied forces on the membrane. These findings can be generalized to any force-mediated membrane shape, providing insight into the role of actomyosin forces in prescribing and maintaining the morphology of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Alimohamadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alyson S. Smith
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Roberta B. Nowak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Velia M. Fowler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Wang QC, Wan X, Jia RX, Xu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Sun SC. Inhibition of N-WASP affects actin-mediated cytokinesis during porcine oocyte maturation. Theriogenology 2020; 144:132-138. [PMID: 31940504 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-WASP is the mammalian ortholog of WASP which is an actin nucleation promoting factor and has been reported to regulate actin nucleation and polymerization for multiple cell activities. However, the expression and functions of N-WASP in porcine oocytes are still unclear. In this study, we showed that N-WASP expressed at all stages during porcine oocyte maturation, and immunofluorescence staining indicated that N-WASP mainly accumulated at the cortex in different stages of meiosis. Inhibition of N-WASP activity by Wiskostatin significantly decreased the rate of first polar body extrusion and disturbed the cell cycle progression of porcine oocytes. Further analysis indicated that cortical actin distribution was interfered by N-WASP inhibition, and this might be through its regulatory roles on the expression and localization of ARP2, a key component of actin nucleator Arp2/3 complex. Moreover, the expression of N-WASP decreased after ROCK activity inhibition, indicating a ROCK-N-WASP-ARP2/3 pathway for actin assembly in porcine oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that N-WASP is critical for the regulation of actin filaments for cytokinesis during porcine oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Chu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ru-Xia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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32
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Rinschen MM, Palygin O, Guijas C, Palermo A, Palacio-Escat N, Domingo-Almenara X, Montenegro-Burke R, Saez-Rodriguez J, Staruschenko A, Siuzdak G. Metabolic rewiring of the hypertensive kidney. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/611/eaax9760. [PMID: 31822592 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a persistent epidemic across the developed world that is closely associated with kidney disease. Here, we applied a metabolomic, phosphoproteomic, and proteomic strategy to analyze the effect of hypertensive insults on kidneys. Our data revealed the metabolic aspects of hypertension-induced glomerular sclerosis, including lipid breakdown at early disease stages and activation of anaplerotic pathways to regenerate energy equivalents to counter stress. For example, branched-chain amino acids and proline, required for collagen synthesis, were depleted in glomeruli at early time points. Furthermore, indicators of metabolic stress were reflected by low amounts of ATP and NADH and an increased abundance of oxidized lipids derived from lipid breakdown. These processes were specific to kidney glomeruli where metabolic signaling occurred through mTOR and AMPK signaling. Quantitative phosphoproteomics combined with computational modeling suggested that these processes controlled key molecules in glomeruli and specifically podocytes, including cytoskeletal components and GTP-binding proteins, which would be expected to compete for decreasing amounts of GTP at early time points. As a result, glomeruli showed increased expression of metabolic enzymes of central carbon metabolism, amino acid degradation, and lipid oxidation, findings observed in previously published studies from other disease models and patients with glomerular damage. Overall, multilayered omics provides an overview of hypertensive kidney damage and suggests that metabolic or dietary interventions could prevent and treat glomerular disease and hypertension-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA.,Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Amelia Palermo
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Nicolas Palacio-Escat
- COMBINE-Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xavier Domingo-Almenara
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- COMBINE-Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. .,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA.
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33
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Allison SJ. ARP3 in podocyte development. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 15:124. [PMID: 30542151 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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