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Liao Z, Tong B, Ke W, Yang C, Wu X, Lei M. Extracellular vesicles as carriers for mitochondria: Biological functions and clinical applications. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101935. [PMID: 39002687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the sorting mechanisms for their contents. Mitochondria can be selectively loaded into EVs, serving as a way to maintain cellular mitochondrial homeostasis. EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer has also been shown to greatly impact the function of target cells. Based on the mechanism of EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer, therapies can be developed to treat human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in the biogenesis and molecular composition of EVs. It also highlights the sorting and trafficking mechanisms of mitochondrial components into EVs. Furthermore, it explores the current role of EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer in the development of human diseases, as well as its diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bide Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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2
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Zang Y, Wang A, Zhang J, Xia M, Jiang Z, Jia B, Lu C, Chen C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Cao X, Niu Z, He C, Bai X, Tian S, Zhai G, Cao H, Chen Y, Zhang K. Hypoxia promotes histone H3K9 lactylation to enhance LAMC2 transcription in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. iScience 2024; 27:110188. [PMID: 38989468 PMCID: PMC11233973 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes tumorigenesis and lactate accumulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Lactate can induce histone lysine lactylation (Kla, a recently identified histone marks) to regulate transcription. However, the functional consequence of histone Kla under hypoxia in ESCC remains to be explored. Here, we reveal that hypoxia facilitates histone H3K9la to enhance LAMC2 transcription for proliferation of ESCC. We found that global level of Kla was elevated under hypoxia, and thus identified the landscape of histone Kla in ESCC by quantitative proteomics. Furthermore, we show a significant increase of H3K9la level induced by hypoxia. Next, MNase ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis suggest that H3K9la is enriched at the promoter of cell junction genes. Finally, we demonstrate that the histone H3K9la facilitates the expression of LAMC2 for ESCC invasion by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Briefly, our study reveals a vital role of histone Kla triggered by hypoxia in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jianji Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mingxin Xia
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zixin Jiang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bona Jia
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Congcong Lu
- Frontier Center for Cell Response, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yingao Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziping Niu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chaoran He
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Bai
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guijin Zhai
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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3
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Ferretti GDS, Quaas CE, Bertolini I, Zuccotti A, Saatci O, Kashatus JA, Sharmin S, Lu DY, Poli ANR, Quesnelle AF, Rodriguez-Blanco J, de Cubas AA, Hobbs GA, Liu Q, O'Bryan JP, Salvino JM, Kashatus DF, Sahin O, Barnoud T. HSP70-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy represent a novel vulnerability in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:881-896. [PMID: 38802657 PMCID: PMC11239841 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent type of pancreatic cancer, is one of the deadliest forms of cancer with limited therapy options. Overexpression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a hallmark of cancer that is strongly associated with aggressive disease and worse clinical outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms by which HSP70 allows tumor cells to thrive under conditions of continuous stress have not been fully described. Here, we report that PDAC has the highest expression of HSP70 relative to normal tissue across all cancers analyzed. Furthermore, HSP70 expression is associated with tumor grade and is further enhanced in metastatic PDAC. We show that genetic or therapeutic ablation of HSP70 alters mitochondrial subcellular localization, impairs mitochondrial dynamics, and promotes mitochondrial swelling to induce apoptosis. Mechanistically, we find that targeting HSP70 suppresses the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) mediated phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Treatment with the HSP70 inhibitor AP-4-139B was efficacious as a single agent in primary and metastatic mouse models of PDAC. In addition, we demonstrate that HSP70 inhibition promotes the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediated phosphorylation of Beclin-1, a key regulator of autophagic flux. Accordingly, we find that the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) enhances the ability of AP-4-139B to mediate anti-tumor activity in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that HSP70 is a multi-functional driver of tumorigenesis that orchestrates mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy. Moreover, these findings support the rationale for concurrent inhibition of HSP70 and autophagy as a novel therapeutic approach for HSP70-driven PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D S Ferretti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Colleen E Quaas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Irene Bertolini
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Zuccotti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ozge Saatci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Salma Sharmin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David Y Lu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Abigail F Quesnelle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aguirre A de Cubas
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - G Aaron Hobbs
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P O'Bryan
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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4
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Chen Z, Yam JWP, Mao X. The multifaceted roles of small extracellular vesicles in metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironments. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300021. [PMID: 38171844 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The link between metabolism and tumor progression has been extensively researched for a long time. With the increasing number of studies uncovering the multiple functions of metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironments, the regulatory network seems to become even more intricate at the same time. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV), as crucial mediators facilitating intercellular communications, exhibit significant involvement in regulating metabolic reprogramming within the complicated network of tumor microenvironments. sEV derived from tumor cells and those released by other cell populations such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can mutually influence each other, giving rise to diverse complex feedback loops. This review includes multiple studies conducted in recent years to summarize the functions of sEV in altering metabolism in various cell types within tumor microenvironments. Additionally, it aims to highlight potential therapeutic targets based on the commonly observed mechanisms identified in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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5
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Lin M, Xu X, Zhou X, Feng H, Wang R, Yang Y, Li J, Fan N, Jiang Y, Li X, Guan F, Tan Z. Sialylation on vesicular integrin β1 determined endocytic entry of small extracellular vesicles into recipient cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:46. [PMID: 38561669 PMCID: PMC10983696 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are closely associated with the development and metastasis of many types of mammalian cancer. Glycoconjugates are highly expressed on sEV and play important roles in sEV biogenesis and their interaction with other cells. However, the study on vesicular glycoconjugates are far behind proteins and nucleic acids. Especially, the functions of sialic acids which are the terminal components of glycoconjugates, are poorly understood in sEV. METHODS Sialic acid levels on sEV from plasma and bladder cancer cells were determined by ELISA and lectin blotting. Effects of sialylation on sEV uptake were determined by flow cytometry. Vesicular glycoproteins bearing sialic acids responsible for sEV uptake was identified by proteomics and density gradient centrifugation, and their site-specific sialylation functions were assayed by N-glycosylation site mutation. Effects of integrin β1 bearing sialic acids on the pro-metastatic function of sEV in vivo were explored using Balb/c nu/nu mice. RESULTS (1) Increased sialic acid levels were observed in sEV from malignant bladder cancer cells. (2) Elimination of sialic acids on sEV impaired sEV uptake by recipient cells. (3) Vesicular integrin β1 bearing sialic acids was identified to play a key role in sEV uptake. (4) Desialylation of the hybrid domain of vesicular integrin β1 inhibited its binding to matrix fibronectin, and reduced sEV entry into recipient cells. (5) Sialylation on integrin β1 affected pro-metastatic function of sEV in Balb/c nu/nu mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings indicate important functional roles of sialic acids in sEV uptake and reprogramming plasticity of surrounding normal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yazhuo Jiang
- Department of Urology, Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zengqi Tan
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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6
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Libring S, Berestesky ED, Reinhart-King CA. The movement of mitochondria in breast cancer: internal motility and intercellular transfer of mitochondria. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10269-3. [PMID: 38489056 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
As a major energy source for cells, mitochondria are involved in cell growth and proliferation, as well as migration, cell fate decisions, and many other aspects of cellular function. Once thought to be irreparably defective, mitochondrial function in cancer cells has found renewed interest, from suggested potential clinical biomarkers to mitochondria-targeting therapies. Here, we will focus on the effect of mitochondria movement on breast cancer progression. Mitochondria move both within the cell, such as to localize to areas of high energetic need, and between cells, where cells within the stroma have been shown to donate their mitochondria to breast cancer cells via multiple methods including tunneling nanotubes. The donation of mitochondria has been seen to increase the aggressiveness and chemoresistance of breast cancer cells, which has increased recent efforts to uncover the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer. As metabolism and energetics are gaining attention as clinical targets, a better understanding of mitochondrial function and implications in cancer are required for developing effective, targeted therapeutics for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Emily D Berestesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 440 Engineering and Science Building, 1212 25thAvenue South, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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7
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Giulietti M, Piva F, Cecati M, Maggio S, Guescini M, Saladino T, Scortichini L, Crocetti S, Caramanti M, Battelli N, Romagnoli E. Effects of Eribulin on the RNA Content of Extracellular Vesicles Released by Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:479. [PMID: 38534323 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid particles secreted by almost all human cells into the extracellular space. They perform the essential function of cell-to-cell communication, and their role in promoting breast cancer progression has been well demonstrated. It is known that EVs released by triple-negative and highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with paclitaxel, a microtubule-targeting agent (MTA), promoted chemoresistance in EV-recipient cells. Here, we studied the RNA content of EVs produced by the same MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with another MTA, eribulin mesylate. In particular, we analyzed the expression of different RNA species, including mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, snoRNAs, piRNAs and tRNA fragments by RNA-seq. Then, we performed differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, and miRNA-target identification. Our findings demonstrate the possible involvement of EVs from eribulin-treated cells in the spread of chemoresistance, prompting the design of strategies that selectively target tumor EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Maggio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Saladino
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Laura Scortichini
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Sonia Crocetti
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Miriam Caramanti
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Nicola Battelli
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Emanuela Romagnoli
- Oncology Unit AST3, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy
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8
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Sorrells JE, Park J, Aksamitiene E, Marjanovic M, Martin EM, Chaney EJ, Higham AM, Cradock KA, Liu ZG, Boppart SA. Label-free nonlinear optical signatures of extracellular vesicles in liquid and tissue biopsies of human breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5528. [PMID: 38448508 PMCID: PMC10917806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in metastasis and proposed as cancer biomarkers. However, heterogeneity and small size makes assessments of EVs challenging. Often, EVs are isolated from biofluids, losing spatial and temporal context and thus lacking the ability to access EVs in situ in their native microenvironment. This work examines the capabilities of label-free nonlinear optical microscopy to extract biochemical optical metrics of EVs in ex vivo tissue and EVs isolated from biofluids in cases of human breast cancer, comparing these metrics within and between EV sources. Before surgery, fresh urine and blood serum samples were obtained from human participants scheduled for breast tumor surgery (24 malignant, 6 benign) or healthy participants scheduled for breast reduction surgery (4 control). EVs were directly imaged both in intact ex vivo tissue that was removed during surgery and in samples isolated from biofluids by differential ultracentrifugation. Isolated EVs and freshly excised ex vivo breast tissue samples were imaged with custom nonlinear optical microscopes to extract single-EV optical metabolic signatures of NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence. Optical metrics were significantly altered in cases of malignant breast cancer in biofluid-derived EVs and intact tissue EVs compared to control samples. Specifically, urinary isolated EVs showed elevated NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime in cases of malignant cancer, serum-derived isolated EVs showed decreased optical redox ratio in stage II cancer, but not earlier stages, and ex vivo breast tissue showed an elevated number of EVs in cases of malignant cancer. Results further indicated significant differences in the measured optical metabolic signature based on EV source (urine, serum and tissue) within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jaena Park
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-Free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Martin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Zheng G Liu
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-Free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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9
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Lin Y, Jiang H, Li J, Ren F, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Li J, Li M, Wang Y, Yang L, Song Y, Jia H, Zhai W, Kuang Y, Yu H, Zhu W, Liu S, Morii E, Ensinger C, David C, Zheng H, Ji J, Wang H, Chang Z. Microenvironment-induced CREPT expression by cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles primes field cancerization. Theranostics 2024; 14:662-680. [PMID: 38169511 PMCID: PMC10758052 DOI: 10.7150/thno.87344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Cancer local recurrence increases the mortality of patients, and might be caused by field cancerization, a pre-malignant alteration of normal epithelial cells. It has been suggested that cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (CDEs) may contribute to field cancerization, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we aim to identify the key regulatory factors within recipient cells under the instigation of CDEs. Methods: In vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate that CDEs promote the expression of CREPT in normal epithelial cells. TMT-based quantitative mass spectrometry was employed to investigate the proteomic differences between normal cells and tumor cells. Loss-of-function approaches by CRISPR-Cas9 system were used to assess the role of CREPT in CDEs-induced field cancerization. RNA-seq was performed to explore the genes regulated by CREPT during field cancerization. Results: CDEs promote field cancerization by inducing the expression of CREPT in non-malignant epithelial cells through activating the ERK signaling pathway. Intriguingly, CDEs failed to induce field cancerization when CREPT was deleted, highlighting the importance of CREPT. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that CDEs elicited inflammatory responses, primarily through activation of the TNF signaling pathway. CREPT, in turn, regulates the transduction of downstream signals of TNF by modulating the expression of TNFR2 and PI3K, thereby promoting inflammation-to-cancer transition. Conclusion: CREPT not only serves as a biomarker for field cancerization, but also emerges as a target for preventing the cancer local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanguo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huihui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanli Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanshen Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Cancer Institutes, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Christian Ensinger
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charles David
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanqiu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Chen X, Chen Y, Li C, Li J, Zhang S, Liang C, Deng Q, Guo Z, Guo C, Yan H. Glutaredoxin 2 protects lens epithelial cells from epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress-related upregulation of integrin-linked kinase. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109609. [PMID: 37541331 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2), a mitochondrial glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, is crucial for maintaining redox homeostasis and cellular functions in the lens. The oxidative stress-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is related to posterior capsule opacification. In this study, we investigated the effects of Grx2 on oxidative stress-induced EMT in LECs during posterior capsule opacification. We found that Grx2 expression was substantially decreased during the EMT of LECs and in a mouse model of cataract surgery. Deletion of Grx2 aggravated the generation of reactive oxygen species, including those that are mitochondria-derived, and promoted the proliferation and EMT of the LECs. This was reversed by Grx2 overexpression. In vivo, proteomic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was significantly upregulated in the lens posterior capsule of a Grx2 knockout (KO) mouse model. Compared with that of the wild-type group, the expression of ILK and EMT markers was increased in the Grx2 KO group which was reversed in the Grx2 knock-in group. Inhibition of ILK partially blocked Grx2 knockdown-induced EMT and prevented the increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β and the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in the Grx2 KO group. Finally, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway partially blocked the Grx2 knockdown-induced EMT. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Grx2 protects LECs from oxidative stress-related EMT by regulating the ILK/Akt/GSK-3β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiankui Li
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, NO. 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zaoxia Guo
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenjun Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Martino F, Lupi M, Giraudo E, Lanzetti L. Breast cancers as ecosystems: a metabolic perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:244. [PMID: 37561190 PMCID: PMC10415483 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and one of the major causes of cancer death. Despite enormous progress in its management, both from the therapeutic and early diagnosis viewpoints, still around 700,000 patients succumb to the disease each year, worldwide. Late recurrency is the major problem in BC, with many patients developing distant metastases several years after the successful eradication of the primary tumor. This is linked to the phenomenon of metastatic dormancy, a still mysterious trait of the natural history of BC, and of several other types of cancer, by which metastatic cells remain dormant for long periods of time before becoming reactivated to initiate the clinical metastatic disease. In recent years, it has become clear that cancers are best understood if studied as ecosystems in which the impact of non-cancer-cell-autonomous events-dependent on complex interaction between the cancer and its environment, both local and systemic-plays a paramount role, probably as significant as the cell-autonomous alterations occurring in the cancer cell. In adopting this perspective, a metabolic vision of the cancer ecosystem is bound to improve our understanding of the natural history of cancer, across space and time. In BC, many metabolic pathways are coopted into the cancer ecosystem, to serve the anabolic and energy demands of the cancer. Their study is shedding new light on the most critical aspect of BC management, of metastatic dissemination, and that of the related phenomenon of dormancy and fostering the application of the knowledge to the development of metabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Martino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Lupi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
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12
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Qu M, Chen Q, Bai X, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Xie L. Hyperglycemia Induces Tear Reduction and Dry Eye in Diabetic Mice through the Norepinephrine-α 1 Adrenergic Receptor-Mitochondrial Impairment Axis of Lacrimal Gland. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:913-926. [PMID: 37088455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is a common complication in diabetic patients with a prevalence of up to 54.3%. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia-induced tear reduction and dry eye remain less understood. The present study indicated that both norepinephrine (NE) and tyrosine hydroxylase levels were elevated in the lacrimal gland of diabetic mice, accompanied by increased Fos proto-oncogene (c-FOS)+ cells in the superior cervical ganglion. However, the elimination of NE accumulation by surgical and chemical sympathectomy significantly ameliorated the reduction in tear production, suppressed abnormal inflammation of the lacrimal gland, and improved the severity of dry eye symptoms in diabetic mice. Among various adrenergic receptors (ARs), the α1 subtype played a predominant role in the regulation of tear production, as treatments of α1AR antagonists improved tear secretion in diabetic mice compared with βAR antagonist propranolol. Moreover, the α1AR antagonist alfuzosin treatment also alleviated functional impairments of the meibomian gland and goblet cells in diabetic mice. Mechanically, the α1AR antagonist rescued the mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit, increased the mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and elevated the glutathione levels of the diabetic lacrimal gland. Overall, these results deciphered a previously unrecognized involvement of the NE-α1AR-mitochondrial bioenergetics axis in the regulation of tear production in the lacrimal gland, which may provide a potential strategy to counteract diabetic dry eye by interfering with the α1AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingli Qu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaofei Bai
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Yeon M, Bertolini I, Agarwal E, Ghosh JC, Tang HY, Speicher DW, Keeney F, Sossey-Alaoui K, Pluskota E, Bialkowska K, Plow EF, Languino LR, Skordalakes E, Caino MC, Altieri DC. Parkin ubiquitination of Kindlin-2 enables mitochondria-associated metastasis suppression. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104774. [PMID: 37142218 PMCID: PMC10236456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are signaling organelles implicated in cancer, but the mechanisms are elusive. Here, we show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitination (Ub) ligase altered in Parkinson's disease, forms a complex with the regulator of cell motility, Kindlin-2 (K2), at mitochondria of tumor cells. In turn, Parkin ubiquitinates Lys581 and Lys582 using Lys48 linkages, resulting in proteasomal degradation of K2 and shortened half-life from ∼5 h to ∼1.5 h. Loss of K2 inhibits focal adhesion turnover and β1 integrin activation, impairs membrane lamellipodia size and frequency, and inhibits mitochondrial dynamics, altogether suppressing tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions, migration, and invasion. Conversely, Parkin does not affect tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle transitions, or apoptosis. Expression of a Parkin Ub-resistant K2 Lys581Ala/Lys582Ala double mutant is sufficient to restore membrane lamellipodia dynamics, correct mitochondrial fusion/fission, and preserve single-cell migration and invasion. In a 3D model of mammary gland developmental morphogenesis, impaired K2 Ub drives multiple oncogenic traits of EMT, increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and disrupted basal-apical polarity. Therefore, deregulated K2 is a potent oncogene, and its Ub by Parkin enables mitochondria-associated metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Yeon
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene Bertolini
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederick Keeney
- Imaging Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bialkowska
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmanuel Skordalakes
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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14
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Ul Fatima N, Ananthanarayanan V. Mitochondrial movers and shapers: Recent insights into regulators of fission, fusion and transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 80:102150. [PMID: 36580830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo rapid morphological adaptations influencing their number, transport, cellular distribution, and function, which in turn facilitate the integration of mitochondrial function with physiological changes in the cell. These mitochondrial dynamics are dependent on tightly regulated processes such as fission, fusion, and attachment to the cytoskeleton, and their defects are observed in various pathophysiological conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Various studies over the years have identified key molecular players and uncovered the mechanisms that mediate and regulate these processes and have highlighted their complexity and context-specificity. This review focuses on the recent studies that have contributed to the understanding of processes that influence mitochondrial morphology including fission, fusion, and transport in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Ul Fatima
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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15
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Clancy JW, D'Souza-Schorey C. Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Multifunctional Entities in the Tumor Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:205-229. [PMID: 36202098 PMCID: PMC10410237 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-022116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can function as mediators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. EVs contain a host of bioactive cargo, including membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear proteins, in addition to noncoding RNAs, other RNA types, and double-stranded DNA fragments. These shed vesicles may deposit paracrine information and can also be taken up by stromal cells, causing the recipient cells to undergo phenotypic changes that profoundly impact diverse facets of cancer progression. For example, this unique form of cellular cross talk helps condition the premetastatic niche, facilitates evasion of the immune response, and promotes invasive and metastatic activity. These findings, coupled with those demonstrating that the number and content of EVs produced by tumors can vary depending on their tumor of origin, disease stage, or response to therapy, have raised the exciting possibility that EVs can be used for risk stratification, diagnostic, and even prognostic purposes. We summarize recent developments and the current knowledge of EV cargoes, their impact on disease progression, and implementation of EV-based liquid biopsies as tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Clancy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA; ,
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16
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Gustafson CM, Gammill LS. Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Protrusions in Developmental Signaling. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:39. [PMID: 36278544 PMCID: PMC9589955 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells communicate with each other to determine cell fate, guide migration, and shape morphogenesis. While the relevant secreted factors and their downstream target genes have been characterized extensively, how these signals travel between embryonic cells is still emerging. Evidence is accumulating that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are well defined in cell culture and cancer, offer a crucial means of communication in embryos. Moreover, the release and/or reception of EVs is often facilitated by fine cellular protrusions, which have a history of study in development. However, due in part to the complexities of identifying fragile nanometer-scale extracellular structures within the three-dimensional embryonic environment, the nomenclature of developmental EVs and protrusions can be ambiguous, confounding progress. In this review, we provide a robust guide to categorizing these structures in order to enable comparisons between developmental systems and stages. Then, we discuss existing evidence supporting a role for EVs and fine cellular protrusions throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie M. Gustafson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura S. Gammill
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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17
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McDonald PC, Dedhar S. New Perspectives on the Role of Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Signaling in Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133209. [PMID: 35804980 PMCID: PMC9264971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Today, the vast majority of deaths from cancer are due to cancer metastasis. Metastasis requires that cancer cells escape from the initial tumor, travel through blood vessels, and form new tumors in distant host tissues. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is overexpressed by many types of cancer cells and provides both structural and signaling functions that are important for successful metastasis. Here, we discuss recent findings that show how ILK is involved in promoting physical changes important for cell motility and invasion, and how ILK relays signals to other machinery components during metastasis, including interactions with components of the immune system and communication between cancer cells and normal cells, to affect the process of metastasis. We also discuss the contribution of ILK to therapeutic resistance and examine efforts to target ILK for the treatment of metastatic disease. Abstract Cancer metastasis is a major barrier to the long-term survival of cancer patients. In cancer cells, integrin engagement downstream of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions results in the recruitment of cytoskeletal and signaling molecules to form multi-protein complexes to promote processes critical for metastasis. One of the major functional components of these complexes is Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK). Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the importance of ILK as a signaling effector in processes linked to tumor progression and metastasis. New mechanistic insights as to the role of ILK in cellular plasticity, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, including the impact of ILK on the formation of invadopodia, filopodia-like protrusions (FLPs), and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET)-induced motility are highlighted. Recent findings detailing the contribution of ILK to therapeutic resistance and the importance of ILK as a potentially therapeutically tractable vulnerability in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies are discussed. Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition of ILK activity using specific small molecule inhibitors is effective in curtailing the contribution of ILK to these processes, potentially offering a novel therapeutic avenue for inhibiting critical steps in the metastatic cascade leading to reduced drug resistance and increased therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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18
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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081865. [PMID: 35454774 PMCID: PMC9032679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are important organelles involved in several key cellular processes including energy production and cell death regulation. For this reason, it is unsurprising that mitochondrial function and structure are altered in several pathological states including cancer. Cancer cells present variate strategies to generate sufficient energy to sustain their high proliferation rates. These adaptative strategies can be mediated by extracellular signals such as extracellular vesicles. These vesicles can alter recipient cellular behavior by delivering their molecular cargo. This review explores the different EV-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming mechanisms supporting cancer survival and progression. Abstract Altered metabolism is a defining hallmark of cancer. Metabolic adaptations are often linked to a reprogramming of the mitochondria due to the importance of these organelles in energy production and biosynthesis. Cancer cells present heterogeneous metabolic phenotypes that can be modulated by signals originating from the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in intercellular communications and mediate many of the hallmarks of cancer via the delivery of their diverse biological cargo molecules. Firstly, this review introduces the most characteristic changes that the EV-biogenesis machinery and mitochondria undergo in the context of cancer. Then, it focuses on the EV-driven processes which alter mitochondrial structure, composition, and function to provide a survival advantage to cancer cells in the context of the hallmarks of cancers, such as altered metabolic strategies, migration and invasiveness, immune surveillance escape, and evasion of apoptosis. Finally, it explores the as yet untapped potential of targeting mitochondria using EVs as delivery vectors as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
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19
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Bertolini I, Perego M, Ghosh JC, Kossenkov AV, Altieri DC. NFκB activation by hypoxic small extracellular vesicles drives oncogenic reprogramming in a breast cancer microenvironment. Oncogene 2022; 41:2520-2525. [PMID: 35354906 PMCID: PMC9040905 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) contribute to the crosstalk between tumor cells and stroma, but the underlying signals are elusive. Here, we show that sEV generated by breast cancer cells in hypoxic (sEVHYP), but not normoxic (sEVNORM) conditions activate NFκB in recipient normal mammary epithelial cells. This increases the production and release of inflammatory cytokines, promotes mitochondrial dynamics leading to heightened cell motility and disrupts 3D mammary acini architecture with aberrant cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and EMT. Mechanistically, Integrin-Linked Kinase packaged in sEVHYP via HIF1α is sufficient to activate NFκB in the normal mammary epithelium, in vivo. Therefore, sEVHYP activation of NFκB drives multiple oncogenic steps of inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, and mammary gland morphogenesis in a breast cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bertolini
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michela Perego
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jagadish C. Ghosh
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dario C. Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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20
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Tang H, Zhou X, Zhao X, Luo X, Luo T, Chen Y, Liang W, Jiang E, Liu K, Shao Z, Shang Z. HSP90/IKK‐rich small extracellular vesicles activate pro‐angiogenic melanoma‐associated fibroblasts via NF‐κB/CXCL1 axis. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1168-1181. [PMID: 35043517 PMCID: PMC8990732 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a main feature of most solid tumors, but how melanoma cells under hypoxic conditions exploit tumor microenvironment (TME) to facilitate tumor progression remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that hypoxic melanoma‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) could improve the proangiogenic capability of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This improvement was due to the activation of the IKK/IκB/NF‐κB signaling pathway and upregulation of CXCL1 expression and secretion in CAFs. By proteomic analysis, we verified that hypoxia could promote enrichment of chaperone HSP90 and client protein phosphorylated IKKα/β (p‐IKKα/β) in melanoma‐derived sEVs. Delivery of the HSP90/p‐IKKα/β complex by sEVs could activate the IKK/IκB/NF‐κB/CXCL1 axis in CAFs and promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings deepen the understanding of hypoxic response in melanoma progression and provide potential targets for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokeung Tang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Center of Stomatology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Shenzhen PKU‐HKUST Medical Center (Peking University Shenzhen Hospital) Shenzhen China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Weilian Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Erhui Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck Oncology School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck Oncology School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhe Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck Oncology School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck Oncology School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China
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21
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Boulton DP, Caino MC. Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion in Tumor Progression to Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849962. [PMID: 35356277 PMCID: PMC8959575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which can change their shape, via processes termed fission and fusion, in order to adapt to different environmental and developmental contexts. Due to the importance of these processes in maintaining a physiologically healthy pool of mitochondria, aberrant cycles of fission/fusion are often seen in pathological contexts. In this review we will discuss how dysregulated fission and fusion promote tumor progression. We focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in fission and fusion, discussing how altered mitochondrial fission and fusion change tumor cell growth, metabolism, motility, and invasion and, finally how changes to these tumor-cell intrinsic phenotypes directly and indirectly impact tumor progression to metastasis. Although this is an emerging field of investigation, the current consensus is that mitochondrial fission positively influences metastatic potential in a broad variety of tumor types. As mitochondria are now being investigated as vulnerable targets in a variety of cancer types, we underscore the importance of their dynamic nature in potentiating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P Boulton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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22
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Noguera NI, Hasan SK, Ammatuna E, Venditti A. Editorial: Metabolic Rewiring in Leukemias. Front Oncol 2021; 11:775167. [PMID: 34692556 PMCID: PMC8531742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.775167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nelida I Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Neuro-Oncoematologia, Santa Lucia Foundation, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Syed K Hasan
- Cell and Tumor Biology Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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23
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Kumar S, Ashraf R, C K A. Mitochondrial dynamics regulators: implications for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:377-406. [PMID: 34661828 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the recent advances in therapeutic developments, cancer is still among the primary causes of death globally, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Mitochondria, a dynamic organelle, continuously undergo the fusion and fission processes to meet cell requirements. The balanced fission and fusion processes, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, coordinate mitochondrial shape, size, number, energy metabolism, cell cycle, mitophagy, and apoptosis. An imbalance between these opposing events alters mitochondWangrial dynamics, affects the overall mitochondrial shape, and deregulates mitochondrial function. Emerging evidence indicates that alteration of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to various aspects of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial dynamics regulator could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. This review will address the role of imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in mitochondrial dysfunction during cancer progression. We will outline the clinical significance of mitochondrial dynamics regulators in various cancer types with recent updates in cancer stemness and chemoresistance and its therapeutic potential and clinical utility as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Rahail Ashraf
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Aparna C K
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
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24
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Bertolini I, Keeney F, Altieri DC. Protocol for assessing real-time changes in mitochondrial morphology, fission and fusion events in live cells using confocal microscopy. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100767. [PMID: 34471906 PMCID: PMC8387810 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial size, shape, and subcellular position, a process collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics, are exploited for various cancer traits. Modulation of subcellular mitochondrial trafficking and accumulation at the cortical cytoskeleton has been linked to the machinery of cell movements, fueling cell invasion and metastatic spreading. Here, we detail a technique to track changes in mitochondrial volume using a commercial CellLight™ Mitochondria-RFP/GFP reporter and live confocal microscopy. This allows a real-time study of mitochondrial dynamics in live cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bertolini et al. (2020). Protocol to measure mitochondrial dynamics in live cells Use of time-lapse confocal imaging to capture the dynamics of mitochondria Deconvolution of 4D images Steps for analysis of changes in mitochondrial volume
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bertolini
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Eribulin and Paclitaxel Differentially Alter Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cargo from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112783. [PMID: 34205051 PMCID: PMC8199867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles play a central role in intercellular communication and contribute to cancer progression, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) including eribulin and paclitaxel continue to provide significant value in cancer therapy and their abilities to inhibit oncogenic signaling pathways, including eribulin's capacity to reverse EMT are being revealed. Because microtubules are involved in the intracellular trafficking required for the formation and cargo loading of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), we investigated whether MTA-mediated disruption of microtubule-dependent transport would impact sEV release and their cargo. Eribulin and paclitaxel caused an intracellular accumulation of CD63, a tetraspanin component of sEVs, in late/multivesicular endosomes of triple-negative breast cancer cells, consistent with the disruption of endosomal sorting and exosome cargo loading in these cells. While the concentrations of sEVs released from MTA-treated cells were not significantly altered, levels of CD63 and the CD63-associated cargos, ILK and β-integrin, were reduced in sEVs isolated from eribulin-treated HCC1937 cells as compared to vehicle or paclitaxel-treated cells. These results show that eribulin can reduce specific sEV cargos, including ILK, a major transducer of EMT in the tumor microenvironment, which may contribute to eribulin's ability to reverse EMT to promote anticancer efficacy.
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26
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Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:118-149. [PMID: 33838253 PMCID: PMC8355044 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and selected extracellular matrix constituents are emerging as intrinsic and critical regulators of evolutionarily conversed, intracellular catabolic pathways. Often, these secreted molecules evoke sustained autophagy in a variety of cell types, tissues, and model systems. The unique properties of proteoglycans have ushered in a paradigmatic shift to broaden our understanding of matrix-mediated signaling cascades. The dynamic cellular pathway controlling autophagy is now linked to an equally dynamic and fluid signaling network embedded in a complex meshwork of matrix molecules. A rapidly emerging field of research encompasses multiple matrix-derived candidates, representing a menagerie of soluble matrix constituents including decorin, biglycan, endorepellin, endostatin, collagen VI and plasminogen kringle 5. These matrix constituents are pro-autophagic and simultaneously anti-angiogenic. In contrast, perlecan, laminin α2 chain, and lumican have anti-autophagic functions. Mechanistically, each matrix constituent linked to intracellular catabolic events engages a specific cell surface receptor that often converges on a common core of the autophagic machinery including AMPK, Peg3 and Beclin 1. We consider this matrix-evoked autophagy as non-canonical given that it occurs in an allosteric manner and is independent of nutrient availability or prevailing bioenergetics control. We propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is an important outside-in signaling mechanism for proper tissue homeostasis that could be therapeutically leveraged to combat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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27
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The effect of extracellular vesicles on the regulation of mitochondria under hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:358. [PMID: 33824273 PMCID: PMC8024302 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable organelles for maintaining cell energy metabolism, and also are necessary to retain cell biological function by transmitting information as signal organelles. Hypoxia, one of the important cellular stresses, can directly regulates mitochondrial metabolites and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), which affects the nuclear gene expression through mitochondrial retrograde signal pathways, and also promotes the delivery of signal components into cytoplasm, causing cellular injury. In addition, mitochondria can also trigger adaptive mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial function in response to hypoxia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a medium of information transmission between cells, can change the biological effects of receptor cells by the release of cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, mitochondria, and their compositions. The secretion of EVs increases in cells under hypoxia, which indirectly changes the mitochondrial function through the uptake of contents by the receptor cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial regulation indirectly through EVs under hypoxia, and the possible mechanisms that EVs cause the changes in mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the significance of this EV-mitochondria axis in hypoxic diseases.
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28
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Sung BH, Parent CA, Weaver AM. Extracellular vesicles: Critical players during cell migration. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1861-1874. [PMID: 33811804 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, contributing to embryogenesis, wound healing, immune response, and other critical processes. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including immune deficiency disorders and cancer metastasis. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play important roles in cell migration. Here, we review recent studies describing the functions of EVs in multiple aspects of cell motility, including directional sensing, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and leader-follower behavior. We also discuss the role of EVs in migration during development and disease and the utility of imaging tools for studying the role of EVs in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hwan Sung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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29
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Boomgarden AC, Clancy JW, D'Souza-Schorey C. Breaking Bad: Extracellular Vesicles Provoke Tumorigenic Responses Under Oxygen Deprivation. Dev Cell 2021; 55:111-113. [PMID: 33108750 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is vital to tumor progression. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Bertolini et al. (2020) describe how small extracellular vesicles released from hypoxic mammary tumor cells facilitate intercellular communication, leading to alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and acquisition of invasive phenotypes in normal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Boomgarden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - James W Clancy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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30
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Soe ZY, Park EJ, Shimaoka M. Integrin Regulation in Immunological and Cancerous Cells and Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2193. [PMID: 33672100 PMCID: PMC7926977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins represent the biologically and medically significant family of cell adhesion molecules that govern a wide range of normal physiology. The activities of integrins in cells are dynamically controlled via activation-dependent conformational changes regulated by the balance of intracellular activators, such as talin and kindlin, and inactivators, such as Shank-associated RH domain interactor (SHARPIN) and integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP-1). The activities of integrins are alternatively controlled by homotypic lateral association with themselves to induce integrin clustering and/or by heterotypic lateral engagement with tetraspanin and syndecan in the same cells to modulate integrin adhesiveness. It has recently emerged that integrins are expressed not only in cells but also in exosomes, important entities of extracellular vesicles secreted from cells. Exosomal integrins have received considerable attention in recent years, and they are clearly involved in determining the tissue distribution of exosomes, forming premetastatic niches, supporting internalization of exosomes by target cells and mediating exosome-mediated transfer of the membrane proteins and associated kinases to target cells. A growing body of evidence shows that tumor and immune cell exosomes have the ability to alter endothelial characteristics (proliferation, migration) and gene expression, some of these effects being facilitated by vesicle-bound integrins. As endothelial metabolism is now thought to play a key role in tumor angiogenesis, we also discuss how tumor cells and their exosomes pleiotropically modulate endothelial functions in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zay Yar Soe
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine, Magway, 7th Mile, Natmauk Road, Magway City 04012, Magway Region, Myanmar
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
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