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Xu YY, Bai RX, Zhang QR, Zhang S, Zhang JH, Du SY. A comprehensive analysis of GAS2 family members identifies that GAS2L1 is a novel biomarker and promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:220. [PMID: 38858234 PMCID: PMC11164853 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver cancer with a high incidence and mortality. Members of the growth-arresting-specific 2 (GAS2) family are involved in various biological processes in human malignancies. To date, there is only a limited amount of information available about the expression profile and clinical importance of GAS2 family in HCC. In this study, we found that GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were distinctly upregulated in HCC specimens compared to non-tumor specimens. Pan-cancer assays indicated that GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were highly expressed in most cancers. The Pearson's correlation revealed that the expressions of GAS2, GAS2L1 and GAS2L2 were negatively associated with methylation levels. Survival assays indicated that GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were independent prognostic factors for HCC patients. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that GAS2, GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were associated with several immune cells. Finally, we confirmed that GAS2L1 was highly expressed in HCC cells and its knockdown suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells. Taken together, our findings suggested the expression patterns and prognostic values of GAS2 members in HCC, providing insights for further study of the GAS2 family as sensitive diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Xue Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2, Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Gu X, Jiang K, Chen R, Chen Z, Wu X, Xiang H, Huang X, Nan B. Identification of common stria vascularis cellular alteration in sensorineural hearing loss based on ScRNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:213. [PMID: 38413848 PMCID: PMC10897997 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stria vascularis (SV), located in the lateral wall of the cochlea, maintains cochlear fluid homeostasis and mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) activity required for sound wave conduction. The pathogenesis of a number of human inheritable deafness syndromes, age related hearing loss, drug-induced ototoxicity and noise-induced hearing loss results from the morphological changes and functional impairments in the development of the SV. In this study, we investigate the implications of intercellular communication within the SV in the pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We aim to identify commonly regulated signaling pathways using publicly available single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. METHODS We analyzed scRNA-seq data, which was derived from studying the cochlear SV in mice with SNHL compared to normal adult mice. After quality control and filtering, we obtained the major cellular components of the mouse cochlear SV and integrated the data. Using Seurat's FindAllMarkers and FindMarkers packages, we searched for novel conservative genes and differential genes. We employed KEGG and GSEA to identify molecular pathways that are commonly altered among different types of SNHL. We utilized pySCENIC to discover new specific regulatory factors in SV subpopulation cells. With the help of CellChat, we identified changes in subpopulation cells showing similar trends across different SNHL types and their alterations in intercellular communication pathways. RESULTS Through the analysis of the integrated data, we discovered new conserved genes to SV specific cells and identified common downregulated pathways in three types of SNHL. The enriched genes for these pathways showing similar trends are primarily associated with the Electron Transport Chain, related to mitochondrial energy metabolism. Using the CellChat package, we further found that there are shared pathways in the incoming signaling of specific intermediate cells in SNHL, and these pathways have common upstream regulatory transcription factor of Nfe2l2. Combining the results from pySCENIC and CellChat, we predicted the transcription factor Nfe2l2 as an upstream regulatory factor for multiple shared cellular pathways in IC. Additionally, it serves as an upstream factor for several genes within the Electron Transport Chain. CONCLUSION Our bioinformatics analysis has revealed that downregulation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain have been observed in various conditions of SNHL. E2f1, Esrrb, Runx1, Yy1, and Gata2 could serve as novel important common TFs regulating the electron transport chain. Adm has emerged as a potential new marker gene for intermediate cells, while Itgb5 and Tesc show promise as potential new marker genes for marginal cells in the SV. These findings offer a new perspective on SV lesions in SNHL and provide additional theoretical evidence for the same drug treatment and prevention of different pathologies of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kanglun Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruru Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianmin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haijie Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Benyu Nan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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3
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Beaulac HJ, Munnamalai V. Localization of cadherins in the postnatal cochlear epithelium and their relation to space formation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38264972 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The sensory epithelium of the cochlea, the organ of Corti, has complex cytoarchitecture consisting of mechanosensory hair cells intercalated by epithelial support cells. The support cells provide important trophic and structural support to the hair cells. Thus, the support cells must be stiff yet compliant enough to withstand and modulate vibrations to the hair cells. Once the sensory cells are properly patterned, the support cells undergo significant remodeling from a simple epithelium into a structurally rigid epithelium with fluid-filled spaces in the murine cochlea. Cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins are necessary for sorting and connecting cells in an intact epithelium. To create the fluid-filled spaces, cell adhesion properties of adjoining cell membranes between cells must change to allow the formation of spaces within an epithelium. However, the dynamic localization of cadherins has not been properly analyzed as these spaces are formed. There are three cadherins that are reported to be expressed during the first postnatal week of development when the tunnel of Corti forms in the cochlea. In this study, we characterize the dynamic localization of cadherins that are associated with cytoskeletal remodeling at the contacting membranes of the inner and outer pillar cells flanking the tunnel of Corti.
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4
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Beaulac HJ, Munnamalai V. Localization of Cadherins in the postnatal cochlear epithelium and their relation to space formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.30.560287. [PMID: 37808730 PMCID: PMC10557783 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.560287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The sensory epithelium of the cochlea, the organ of Corti, has complex cytoarchitecture consisting of mechanosensory hair cells intercalated by epithelial support cells. The support cells provide important trophic and structural support to the hair cells. Thus, the support cells must be stiff yet compliant enough to withstand and modulate vibrations to the hair cells. Once the sensory cells are properly patterned, the support cells undergo significant remodeling from a simple epithelium into a structurally rigid epithelium with fluid-filled spaces in the murine cochlea. Cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins are necessary for sorting and connecting cells in an intact epithelium. To create the fluid-filled spaces, cell adhesion properties of adjoining cell membranes between cells must change to allow the formation of spaces within an epithelium. However, the dynamic localization of cadherins has not been properly analyzed as these spaces are formed. There are three cadherins that are reported to be expressed during the first postnatal week of development when the tunnel of Corti forms in the cochlea. In this study, we characterize the dynamic localization of cadherins that are associated with cytoskeletal remodeling at the contacting membranes of the inner and outer pillar cells flanking the tunnel of Corti. Key findings F-actin remodeling occurs between E18.5 to P7 in the cochlear sensory epithelium.Transient changes of F-actin cytoskeleton drives epithelial morphogenesis.Fluid-filled spaces in epithelium is driven by changes in cell adhesion.
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5
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Warren B, Eberl D. What can insects teach us about hearing loss? J Physiol 2024; 602:297-316. [PMID: 38128023 DOI: 10.1113/jp281281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, insects have been utilized to provide a deep and fundamental understanding of many human diseases and disorders. Here, we present arguments for insects as models to understand general principles underlying hearing loss. Despite ∼600 million years since the last common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates, we share an overwhelming degree of genetic homology particularly with respect to auditory organ development and maintenance. Despite the anatomical differences between human and insect auditory organs, both share physiological principles of operation. We explain why these observations are expected and highlight areas in hearing loss research in which insects can provide insight. We start by briefly introducing the evolutionary journey of auditory organs, the reasons for using insect auditory organs for hearing loss research, and the tools and approaches available in insects. Then, the first half of the review focuses on auditory development and auditory disorders with a genetic cause. The second half analyses the physiological and genetic consequences of ageing and short- and long-term changes as a result of noise exposure. We finish with complex age and noise interactions in auditory systems. In this review, we present some of the evidence and arguments to support the use of insects to study mechanisms and potential treatments for hearing loss in humans. Obviously, insects cannot fully substitute for all aspects of human auditory function and loss of function, although there are many important questions that can be addressed in an animal model for which there are important ethical, practical and experimental advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Warren
- Neurogenetics Group, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Eberl
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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6
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Saegusa C, Kakegawa W, Miura E, Aimi T, Mogi S, Harada T, Yamashita T, Yuzaki M, Fujioka M. Brain-Specific Angiogenesis Inhibitor 3 Is Expressed in the Cochlea and Is Necessary for Hearing Function in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17092. [PMID: 38069416 PMCID: PMC10707444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian auditory hair cells transduce sound-evoked traveling waves in the cochlea into nerve stimuli, which are essential for hearing function. Pillar cells located between the inner and outer hair cells are involved in the formation of the tunnel of Corti, which incorporates outer-hair-cell-driven fluid oscillation and basilar membrane movement, leading to the fine-tuned frequency-specific perception of sounds by the inner hair cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying the development and maintenance of pillar cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the expression and function of brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 (Bai3), an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, in the cochlea. We found that Bai3 was expressed in hair cells in neonatal mice and pillar cells in adult mice, and, interestingly, Bai3 knockout mice revealed the abnormal formation of pillar cells, with the elevation of the hearing threshold in a frequency-dependent manner. Furthermore, old Bai3 knockout mice showed the degeneration of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the basal turn. The results suggest that Bai3 plays a crucial role in the development and/or maintenance of pillar cells, which, in turn, are necessary for normal hearing function. Our results may contribute to understanding the mechanisms of hearing loss in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Saegusa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eriko Miura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Aimi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sachiyo Mogi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; (S.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Harada
- Department of Otolaryngology, International University of Health and Welfare, Shizuoka 413-0012, Japan;
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan; (S.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (W.K.); (E.M.); (T.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8582, Japan
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7
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Lindner LA, Derstroff D, Oliver D, Reimann K. Distribution of ciliary adaptor proteins tubby and TULP3 in the organ of Corti. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1162937. [PMID: 37144094 PMCID: PMC10151737 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1162937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubby-like proteins are membrane-associated adaptors that mediate directional trafficking into primary cilia. In inner ear sensory epithelia, cilia-including the hair cell's kinocilium-play important roles as organizers of polarity, tissue architecture and cellular function. However, auditory dysfunction in tubby mutant mice was recently found to be related to a non-ciliary function of tubby, the organization of a protein complex in sensory hair bundles of auditory outer hair cells (OHCs). Targeting of signaling components into cilia in the cochlea might therefore rather rely on closely related tubby-like proteins (TULPs). In this study, we compared cellular and subcellular localization of tubby and TULP3 in the mouse inner ear sensory organs. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the previously reported highly selective localization of tubby in the stereocilia tips of OHCs and revealed a previously unnoticed transient localization to kinocilia during early postnatal development. TULP3 was detected in the organ of Corti and vestibular sensory epithelium, where it displayed a complex spatiotemporal pattern. TULP3 localized to kinocilia of cochlear and vestibular hair cells in early postnatal development but disappeared subsequently before the onset of hearing. This pattern suggested a role in targeting ciliary components into kinocilia, possibly related to the developmental processes that shape the sensory epithelia. Concurrent with loss from kinocilia, pronounced TULP3 immunolabeling progressively appeared at microtubule bundles in non-sensory Pillar (PCs) and Deiters cells (DC). This subcellular localization may indicate a novel function of TULP proteins associated with the formation or regulation of microtubule-based cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Lindner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Derstroff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Reimann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katrin Reimann,
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8
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Xia A, Udagawa T, Quiñones PM, Atkinson PJ, Applegate BE, Cheng AG, Oghalai JS. The impact of targeted ablation of one row of outer hair cells and Deiters' cells on cochlear amplification. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:1365-1373. [PMID: 36259670 PMCID: PMC9678430 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00501.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cochlea contains three rows of outer hair cells (OHCs) that amplify the basilar membrane traveling wave with high gain and exquisite tuning. The pattern of OHC loss caused by typical methods of producing hearing loss in animal models (noise, ototoxic exposure, or aging) is variable and not consistent along the length of the cochlea. Thus, it is difficult to use these approaches to understand how forces from multiple OHCs summate to create normal cochlear amplification. Here, we selectively removed the third row of OHCs and Deiters' cells in adult mice and measured cochlear amplification. In the mature cochlear epithelia, expression of the Wnt target gene Lgr5 is restricted to the third row of Deiters' cells, the supporting cells directly underneath the OHCs. Diphtheria toxin administration to Lgr5DTR-EGFP/+ mice selectively ablated the third row of Deiters' cells and the third row of OHCs. Basilar membrane vibration in vivo demonstrated disproportionately lower reduction in cochlear amplification by about 13.5 dB. On a linear scale, this means that the 33% reduction in OHC number led to a 79% reduction in gain. Thus, these experimental data describe the impact of reducing the force of cochlear amplification by a specific amount. Furthermore, these data argue that because OHC forces progressively and sequentially amplify the traveling wave as it travels to its peak, the loss of even a relatively small number of OHCs, when evenly distributed longitudinally, will cause a substantial reduction in cochlear amplification.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Normal cochlear physiology involves force production from three rows of outer hair cells to amplify and tune the traveling wave. Here, we used a genetic approach to target and ablate the third row of outer hair cells in the mouse cochlea and found it reduced cochlear amplification by 79%. This means that the loss of even a relatively small number of OHCs, when evenly distributed, causes a substantial reduction in cochlear amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tomokatsu Udagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patricia M Quiñones
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick J Atkinson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Brian E Applegate
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John S Oghalai
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Denney Research Center (DRB) 140, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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9
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Altoè A, Dewey JB, Charaziak KK, Oghalai JS, Shera CA. Overturning the mechanisms of cochlear amplification via area deformations of the organ of Corti. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:2227. [PMID: 36319240 PMCID: PMC9578757 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian ear embeds a cellular amplifier that boosts sound-induced hydromechanical waves as they propagate along the cochlea. The operation of this amplifier is not fully understood and is difficult to disentangle experimentally. In the prevailing view, cochlear waves are amplified by the piezo-electric action of the outer hair cells (OHCs), whose cycle-by-cycle elongations and contractions inject power into the local motion of the basilar membrane (BM). Concomitant deformations of the opposing (or "top") side of the organ of Corti are assumed to play a minor role and are generally neglected. However, analysis of intracochlear motions obtained using optical coherence tomography calls this prevailing view into question. In particular, the analysis suggests that (i) the net local power transfer from the OHCs to the BM is either negative or highly inefficient; and (ii) vibration of the top side of the organ of Corti plays a primary role in traveling-wave amplification. A phenomenological model derived from these observations manifests realistic cochlear responses and suggests that amplification arises almost entirely from OHC-induced deformations of the top side of the organ of Corti. In effect, the model turns classic assumptions about spatial impedance relations and power-flow direction within the sensory epithelium upside down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Altoè
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - James B Dewey
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Karolina K Charaziak
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - John S Oghalai
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Christopher A Shera
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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10
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Ma W, Wan Y, Zhang J, Yao J, Wang Y, Lu J, Liu H, Huang X, Zhang X, Zhou H, He Y, Wu D, Wang J, Zhao Y. Growth arrest‐specific protein 2 (
GAS2
) interacts with
CXCR4
to promote T‐cell leukemogenesis partially via
c‐MYC. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3720-3734. [PMID: 36054080 PMCID: PMC9580887 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although growth arrest‐specific protein 2 (GAS2) promotes the growth of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) cells in culture, the effect of GAS2 on T‐cell leukemogenesis has not been studied, and the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, xenograft studies showed that GAS2 silencing impaired T‐cell leukemogenesis and decreased leukemic cell infiltration. Mechanistically, GAS2 regulated the protein expression of C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) rather than its transcript expression. Immunoprecipitation revealed that GAS2 interacted with CXCR4, and confocal analysis showed that GAS2 was partially co‐expressed with CXCR4, which provided a strong molecular basis for GAS2 to regulate CXCR4 expression. Importantly, CXCR4 overexpression alleviated the inhibitory effect of GAS2 silencing on the growth and migration of T‐ALL cells. Moreover, GAS2 or CXCR4 silencing inhibited the expression of NOTCH1 and c‐MYC. Forced expression of c‐MYC rescued the growth suppression induced by GAS2 or CXCR4 silencing. Meanwhile, GAS2 deficiency, specifically in blood cells, had a mild effect on normal hematopoiesis, including T‐cell development, and GAS2 silencing did not affect the growth of normal human CD3+ or CD34+ cells. Overall, our data indicate that GAS2 promotes T‐cell leukemogenesis through its interaction with CXCR4 to activate NOTCH1/c‐MYC, whereas impaired GAS2 expression has a mild effect on normal hematopoiesis. Therefore, our study suggests that targeting the GAS2/CXCR4 axis is a potential therapeutic strategy for T‐ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yan Wan
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianan Yao
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health Suzhou 215006 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Xiaorui Huang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiuyan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health Suzhou 215006 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Yulong He
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases Suzhou 215006 China
- Cam‐Su Genomic Resources Center Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Depei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health Suzhou 215006 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases Suzhou 215006 China
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases Suzhou 215006 China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Radioprotection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases Suzhou 215006 China
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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11
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Imtiaz A. ARNSHL gene identification: past, present and future. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1185-1193. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Nankali A, Shera CA, Applegate BE, Oghalai JS. Interplay between traveling wave propagation and amplification at the apex of the mouse cochlea. Biophys J 2022; 121:2940-2951. [PMID: 35778839 PMCID: PMC9388393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sounds entering the mammalian ear produce waves that travel from the base to the apex of the cochlea. An electromechanical active process amplifies traveling wave motions and enables sound processing over a broad range of frequencies and intensities. The cochlear amplifier requires combining the global traveling wave with the local cellular processes that change along the length of the cochlea given the gradual changes in hair cell and supporting cell anatomy and physiology. Thus, we measured basilar membrane (BM) traveling waves in vivo along the apical turn of the mouse cochlea using volumetric optical coherence tomography and vibrometry. We found that there was a gradual reduction in key features of the active process toward the apex. For example, the gain decreased from 23 to 19 dB and tuning sharpness decreased from 2.5 to 1.4. Furthermore, we measured the frequency and intensity dependence of traveling wave properties. The phase velocity was larger than the group velocity, and both quantities gradually decrease from the base to the apex denoting a strong dispersion characteristic near the helicotrema. Moreover, we found that the spatial wavelength along the BM was highly level dependent in vivo, such that increasing the sound intensity from 30 to 90 dB sound pressure level increased the wavelength from 504 to 874 μm, a factor of 1.73. We hypothesize that this wavelength variation with sound intensity gives rise to an increase of the fluid-loaded mass on the BM and tunes its local resonance frequency. Together, these data demonstrate a strong interplay between the traveling wave propagation and amplification along the length of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nankali
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher A Shera
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian E Applegate
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John S Oghalai
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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13
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Unbalanced bidirectional radial stiffness gradients within the organ of Corti promoted by TRIOBP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115190119. [PMID: 35737845 PMCID: PMC9245700 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115190119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of cochlear mechanics assumes that stiffness of the cochlear partition varies only longitudinally along the cochlea. This work examines the stiffness of inner ear epithelium in individual cell types at the nanoscale level. We revealed unrecognized radial stiffness gradients of different magnitudes and opposite orientations within the epithelium. Remarkably, the observed bidirectional stiffness gradients are unbalanced between supporting and sensory cells. Deficiencies in deafness-associated Trio and F-actin binding protein (TRIOBP) caused diverse cytoskeletal ultrastructural remodeling in supporting and sensory cells and significantly diminishes the bidirectional radial stiffness gradients. These results demonstrate the complexity of the mechanical properties within the sensory epithelium and point to a hitherto unrecognized role of these gradients in sensitivity and frequency selectivity of hearing. Hearing depends on intricate morphologies and mechanical properties of diverse inner ear cell types. The individual contributions of various inner ear cell types into mechanical properties of the organ of Corti and the mechanisms of their integration are yet largely unknown. Using sub-100-nm spatial resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), we mapped the Young’s modulus (stiffness) of the apical surface of the different cells of the freshly dissected P5–P6 cochlear epithelium from wild-type and mice lacking either Trio and F-actin binding protein (TRIOBP) isoforms 4 and 5 or isoform 5 only. Variants of TRIOBP are associated with deafness in human and in Triobp mutant mouse models. Remarkably, nanoscale AFM mapping revealed unrecognized bidirectional radial stiffness gradients of different magnitudes and opposite orientations between rows of wild-type supporting cells and sensory hair cells. Moreover, the observed bidirectional radial stiffness gradients are unbalanced, with sensory cells being stiffer overall compared to neighboring supporting cells. Deafness-associated TRIOBP deficiencies significantly disrupted the magnitude and orientation of these bidirectional radial stiffness gradients. In addition, serial sectioning with focused ion beam and backscatter scanning electron microscopy shows that a TRIOBP deficiency results in ultrastructural changes of supporting cell apical phalangeal microfilaments and bundled cortical F-actin of hair cell cuticular plates, correlating with messenger RNA and protein expression levels and AFM stiffness measurements that exposed a softening of the apical surface of the sensory epithelium in mutant mice. Altogether, this additional complexity in the mechanical properties of the sensory epithelium is hypothesized to be an essential contributor to frequency selectivity and sensitivity of mammalian hearing.
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14
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Trpchevska N, Freidin MB, Broer L, Oosterloo BC, Yao S, Zhou Y, Vona B, Bishop C, Bizaki-Vallaskangas A, Canlon B, Castellana F, Chasman DI, Cherny S, Christensen K, Concas MP, Correa A, Elkon R, Mengel-From J, Gao Y, Giersch ABS, Girotto G, Gudjonsson A, Gudnason V, Heard-Costa NL, Hertzano R, Hjelmborg JVB, Hjerling-Leffler J, Hoffman HJ, Kaprio J, Kettunen J, Krebs K, Kähler AK, Lallemend F, Launer LJ, Lee IM, Leonard H, Li CM, Lowenheim H, Magnusson PKE, van Meurs J, Milani L, Morton CC, Mäkitie A, Nalls MA, Nardone GG, Nygaard M, Palviainen T, Pratt S, Quaranta N, Rämö J, Saarentaus E, Sardone R, Satizabal CL, Schweinfurth JM, Seshadri S, Shiroma E, Shulman E, Simonsick E, Spankovich C, Tropitzsch A, Lauschke VM, Sullivan PF, Goedegebure A, Cederroth CR, Williams FMK, Nagtegaal AP, Nelis M, Mägi R, Esko T. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 48 risk variants and highlights the role of the stria vascularis in hearing loss. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1077-1091. [PMID: 35580588 PMCID: PMC9247887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the top contributors to years lived with disability and is a risk factor for dementia. Molecular evidence on the cellular origins of hearing loss in humans is growing. Here, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed and self-reported hearing impairment on 723,266 individuals and identified 48 significant loci, 10 of which are novel. A large proportion of associations comprised missense variants, half of which lie within known familial hearing loss loci. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing data from mouse cochlea and brain and mapped common-variant genomic results to spindle, root, and basal cells from the stria vascularis, a structure in the cochlea necessary for normal hearing. Our findings indicate the importance of the stria vascularis in the mechanism of hearing impairment, providing future paths for developing targets for therapeutic intervention in hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Trpchevska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Berthe C Oosterloo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charles Bishop
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Argyro Bizaki-Vallaskangas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tampere, 33100 Tampere, Finland; Pirkanmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Barbara Canlon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stacey Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ran Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Yan Gao
- Jackson Heart Study, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Anne B S Giersch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jacob V B Hjelmborg
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Howard J Hoffman
- Division of Scientific Programs, Epidemiology and Statistics Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francois Lallemend
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD 20812, USA
| | - Chuan-Ming Li
- Division of Scientific Programs, Epidemiology and Statistics Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communications Disorders (NIDCD), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hubert Lowenheim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD 20812, USA
| | | | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sheila Pratt
- Department of Communication Science & Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Joel Rämö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elmo Saarentaus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John M Schweinfurth
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Eric Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eldad Shulman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher Spankovich
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Anke Tropitzsch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Andre Goedegebure
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher R Cederroth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Ropewalk House, NG1 5DU Nottingham, UK; Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH Nottingham, UK.
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andries Paul Nagtegaal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Rudolf MA, Andreeva A, Kim CE, DeNovio ACJ, Koshar AN, Baker W, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Corwin JT. Stiffening of Circumferential F-Actin Bands Correlates With Regenerative Failure and May Act as a Biomechanical Brake in the Mammalian Inner Ear. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:859882. [PMID: 35602553 PMCID: PMC9114303 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.859882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of inner ear hair cells causes permanent hearing and balance deficits in humans and other mammals, but non-mammals recover after supporting cells (SCs) divide and replace hair cells. The proliferative capacity of mammalian SCs declines as exceptionally thick circumferential F-actin bands develop at their adherens junctions. We hypothesized that the reinforced junctions were limiting regenerative responses of mammalian SCs by impeding changes in cell shape and epithelial tension. Using micropipette aspiration and atomic force microscopy, we measured mechanical properties of utricles from mice and chickens. Our data show that the epithelial surface of the mouse utricle stiffens significantly during postnatal maturation. This stiffening correlates with and is dependent on the postnatal accumulation of F-actin and the cross-linker Alpha-Actinin-4 at SC-SC junctions. In chicken utricles, where SCs lack junctional reinforcement, the epithelial surface remains compliant. There, SCs undergo oriented cell divisions and their apical surfaces progressively elongate throughout development, consistent with anisotropic intraepithelial tension. In chicken utricles, inhibition of actomyosin contractility led to drastic SC shape change and epithelial buckling, but neither occurred in mouse utricles. These findings suggest that species differences in the capacity for hair cell regeneration may be attributable in part to the differences in the stiffness and contractility of the actin cytoskeletal elements that reinforce adherens junctions and participate in regulation of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Rudolf
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Anna Andreeva
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Christina E. Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Anthony C.-J. DeNovio
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Antoan N. Koshar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Wendy Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Corwin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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16
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Bieniussa L, Jain I, Bosch Grau M, Juergens L, Hagen R, Janke C, Rak K. Microtubule and auditory function - an underestimated connection. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 137:74-86. [PMID: 35144861 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The organ of Corti, located in the cochlea within the inner ear is the receptor organ for hearing. It converts auditory signals into neuronal action potentials that are transmitted to the brain for further processing. The mature organ of Corti consists of a variety of highly differentiated sensory cells that fulfil unique tasks in the processing of auditory signals. The actin and microtubule cytoskeleton play essential function in hearing, however so far, more attention has been paid to the role of actin. Microtubules play important roles in maintaining cellular structure and intracellular transport in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Their functions are controlled by interactions with a large variety of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors. Current advances show that tubulin posttranslational modifications, as well as tubulin isotypes could play key roles in modulating microtubule properties and functions in cells. These mechanisms could have various effects on the stability and functions of microtubules in the highly specialised cells of the cochlea. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of microtubule-regulating mechanisms in the function of the cochlea and their implications for hearing, which highlights the importance of microtubules in the field of hearing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bieniussa
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery and the Comprehensive Hearing Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ipsa Jain
- Institute of Stem cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Montserrat Bosch Grau
- Genetics and Physiology of Hearing Laboratory, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lukas Juergens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hagen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery and the Comprehensive Hearing Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Orsay, France
| | - Kristen Rak
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery and the Comprehensive Hearing Center, University of Würzburg, Germany.
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