Fate mapping in mouse demonstrates early secretory differentiation directly from Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells

Intestinal secretory differentiation reflects niche-driven phenotypic and epigenetic plasticity of a common signal-responsive terminal cell

Enterocytes and four classic secretory cell types derive from intestinal epithelial stem cells. Based on morphology, location, and canonical markers, goblet and Paneth cells are considered distinct secretory types. Here, we report high overlap in their transcripts and sites of accessible chromatin, in marked contrast to those of their enteroendocrine or tuft cell siblings. Mouse and human goblet and Paneth cells express extraordinary fractions of few antimicrobial genes, which reflect specific responses to local niches. Wnt signaling retains some ATOH1+ secretory cells in crypt bottoms, where the absence of BMP signaling potently induces Paneth features. Cells that migrate away from crypt bottoms encounter BMPs and thereby acquire goblet properties. These phenotypes and underlying accessible cis-elements interconvert in post-mitotic cells. Thus, goblet and Paneth properties represent alternative phenotypic manifestations of a common signal-responsive terminal cell type. These findings reveal exquisite niche-dependent cell plasticity and cis-regulatory dynamics in likely response to antimicrobial needs.

Stemness in flux: Dissecting intestinal crypt organization with multimodal approaches

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Banjac et al. integrate lineage tracing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and mathematical modeling to reveal that stem cells at the crypt base drive the decision between secretory and absorptive lineage commitment. Their findings highlight the central role of crypt-bottom Lgr5+ cells in maintaining intestinal epithelium homeostasis.