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Gousopoulou E, Bakopoulou A, Laskaris D, Gousopoulos E, Apatzidou DA. Characterization of the soft-tissue wall lining residual periodontal pockets and implications in periodontal wound healing. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5031-5040. [PMID: 37486381 PMCID: PMC10492763 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the soft-tissue wall of remaining periodontal pockets for wound healing-related parameters versus healthy gingival crevices in the same individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival tissues collected from the diseased interface of pockets (GT biopsies) and from healthy gingival crevices (G biopsies) were subjected to RT2-profiler PCR Array for wound healing-related markers and network analysis of differentially expressed genes. Lymphangiogenesis-related gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR. The migration potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from GT biopsies (GT-MSCs) and G biopsies (G-MSCs) was evaluated by the scratch- and the transwell migration assays. The total collagen protein content was determined in GT-MSCs and G-MSCs homogenates. RESULTS Gene-ontology analysis on significantly upregulated genes expressed in GT biopsies revealed enrichment of several genes involved in processes related to matrix remodeling, collagen deposition, and integrin signaling. No significantly expressed genes were seen in G biopsies. Regarding lymphangiogenesis-related genes, GT biopsies demonstrated greater expression for PROX1 than G biopsies (p = 0.05). Lower migration potential (p < 0.001), yet greater production of collagen protein (p = 0.05), was found for GT-MSCs over G-MSCs. CONCLUSION Differential expression patterns of various molecular pathways in biopsies and cell cultures of diseased versus healthy gingival tissues indicate a potential of the former for tissue remodeling and repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the course of periodontitis, granulation tissue is formed within a periodontal defect in an attempt to reconstruct the site. Following treatment procedures periodontal granulation tissue remains inflamed but appears to retain healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Gousopoulou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology & Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.T.H.), 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.T.H.), 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Laskaris
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Epameinondas Gousopoulos
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danae A Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology & Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.T.H.), 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Laskaris D, Azkanaz M, de Vreij-Kruidenier MA, van Rijswoud-Ram D, Messal HA, van Rheenen J. Laser Ablation and Intravital Microscopy to Study Intestinal Remodeling. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37358289 DOI: 10.3791/64756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating intestinal recovery in vivo is an exquisite technical challenge. A lack of longitudinal imaging protocols has prevented deeper insights into the cell and tissue scale dynamics that orchestrate intestinal regeneration. Here, we describe an intravital microscopy method that locally induces tissue damage at the single crypt scale and follows the regenerative response of the intestinal epithelium in living mice. Single crypts or larger intestinal fields were ablated by a high-intensity multiphoton infrared laser in a time- and space-controlled manner. Subsequent long-term repetitive intravital imaging enabled the tracking of the damaged areas over time and allowed for the monitoring of crypt dynamics during tissue recovery over a period of multiple weeks. Crypt remodeling events such as crypt fission, fusion, and disappearance were observed in the neighboring tissue upon laser-induced damage. This protocol enables the study of crypt dynamics both in homeostatic and pathophysiological settings, such as aging and tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Laskaris
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Oncode Institute
| | - Maria Azkanaz
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Oncode Institute
| | | | | | - Hendrik A Messal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Oncode Institute;
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Oncode Institute;
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Azkanaz M, Corominas-Murtra B, Ellenbroek SIJ, Bruens L, Webb AT, Laskaris D, Oost KC, Lafirenze SJA, Annusver K, Messal HA, Iqbal S, Flanagan DJ, Huels DJ, Rojas-Rodríguez F, Vizoso M, Kasper M, Sansom OJ, Snippert HJ, Liberali P, Simons BD, Katajisto P, Hannezo E, van Rheenen J. Retrograde movements determine effective stem cell numbers in the intestine. Nature 2022; 607:548-554. [PMID: 35831497 PMCID: PMC7614894 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The morphology and functionality of the epithelial lining differ along the intestinal tract, but tissue renewal at all sites is driven by stem cells at the base of crypts1-3. Whether stem cell numbers and behaviour vary at different sites is unknown. Here we show using intravital microscopy that, despite similarities in the number and distribution of proliferative cells with an Lgr5 signature in mice, small intestinal crypts contain twice as many effective stem cells as large intestinal crypts. We find that, although passively displaced by a conveyor-belt-like upward movement, small intestinal cells positioned away from the crypt base can function as long-term effective stem cells owing to Wnt-dependent retrograde cellular movement. By contrast, the near absence of retrograde movement in the large intestine restricts cell repositioning, leading to a reduction in effective stem cell number. Moreover, after suppression of the retrograde movement in the small intestine, the number of effective stem cells is reduced, and the rate of monoclonal conversion of crypts is accelerated. Together, these results show that the number of effective stem cells is determined by active retrograde movement, revealing a new channel of stem cell regulation that can be experimentally and pharmacologically manipulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azkanaz
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernat Corominas-Murtra
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Saskia I J Ellenbroek
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Bruens
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna T Webb
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Laskaris
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen C Oost
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simona J A Lafirenze
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hendrik A Messal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sharif Iqbal
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dustin J Flanagan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Huels
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Rojas-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Vizoso
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hugo J Snippert
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute for Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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