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Cheng X, Li Z, Yang M, Liu Y, Wang S, Huang M, Gao S, Yang R, Li L, Yu C. Association of HbA1c with carotid artery plaques in patients with coronary heart disease: a retrospective clinical study. Acta Cardiol 2022; 78:442-450. [PMID: 35356852 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels have been shown to be related to carotid artery plaques. However, studies on the relationship between HbA1c levels and carotid artery plaques in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are limited and inconsistent. Our objective was to examine the correlation between HbA1c levels and carotid artery plaques in patients with CHD. METHODS The study comprised 9275 Chinese adults with CHD from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2020. HbA1c levels were assessed, and colour Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate the carotid artery, including plaque presence, intima-media thickness, and plaque echo properties, to investigate the association between HbA1c and carotid plaque. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between carotid artery plaques, carotid plaque echogenicity, and HbA1c. RESULTS The HbA1c level of the plaque-present group was higher than that of the plaque-absent group [6.1 (5.6-7.2) vs. 5.8 (5.5-6.5), p < 0.001]. In multiple linear regression analysis, intima-media thickness was associated with HbA1c (p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that a higher HbA1c level was associated with plaque incidence as well as hyperechoic and heterogeneous plaques (p < 0.001). These associations persist after adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, lipid profiles, alcohol consumption, and tobacco exposure. CONCLUSION HbA1c levels are notably associated with carotid artery plaque incidence, intima-media thickness, and plaque echogenicity in patients with CHD. These findings show that different levels of HbA1c may be an indicator for carotid artery plaques and thus, should be observed in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Cheng
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengnan Huang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Chen C, Chen Y, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Yang P, Lu N, Yi K, Chen X, Chen S, O'Gara MSc MC, O'Meara M, Ye S, Tan X. Association of Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose With Triple Coronary Artery Stenosis and Myocardial Infarction Among Patients With Coronary Artery Stenosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:820124. [PMID: 35309914 PMCID: PMC8928220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.820124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between impaired fasting glucose level (IFG) and coronary heart disease (CAD) remain controversial. In the present study, we sought to ascertain a relationship of IFG with the number of diseased coronary artery and occurrence of myocardial infarction, among CAD cases. Methods: We studied 1,451 consecutive no-diabetic patients who underwent coronary angiography at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College in Southern China. Demographic, biochemical, clinical and angiographic data were collected. Results: The prevalence of IFG was higher in patients with angiographically confirmed CAD than in subjects without angiographic evidence of CAD (33.4 versus 28.2%, p = 0.034). Compared with CAD cases without IFG, CAD cases with IFG had a higher odds ratio (OR) of having triple-vessel disease as opposed to having single- or double-vessel disease [OR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-2.07]. Furthermore, the occurrence of MI was higher in CAD cases with IFG than in CAD cases without IFG (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.27-2.36). Conclusions: There is an association between IFG and a predisposition to severe CAD indicated by triple vessel disease or myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yequn Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhaorui Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Peixuan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Nan Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kaihong Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shaoxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | - Michael O'Meara
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shu Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Xuerui Tan, tanxueru ; Shu Ye,
| | - Xuerui Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuerui Tan, tanxueru ; Shu Ye,
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Sanlialp SC, Sanlialp M. Should We Use Fasting Glucose and the Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA 1c) in Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease? Angiology 2021; 73:182-183. [PMID: 34142569 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211026418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Musa Sanlialp
- Department of Cardiology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
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Song Y, Dang Y, Li H, Feng J, Ruan L. Relationship between carotid intraplaque neovascularization and haemoglobin A1c in diabetic patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 203:106515. [PMID: 33601236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of carotid artery plaques and the relationship between intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients of <60 years old with diabetes mellitus (DM) by comparison with diabetes ≥60 years of age. METHODS One-hundred-and-one patients with DM were studied into two groups: those <60 and those ≥60 years of age. All the patients underwent standard carotid ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, which we used to evaluate IPN. RESULTS Diabetic complications were present in 41 of 50 patients (82 %) in the <60-year-old group, of whom 17 (34 %) had diabetes-related vascular complications. Of the 47 plaques in the <60-year-old group, six (13 %) had IPN Grade 0, 16 (34 %) had IPN Grade 1, and 25 (53 %) had IPN Grade 2. The AUC and RAUC of the plaque in the <60-year-old group were significantly higher than those of the ≥60-year-old group (P = 0.012 and 0.031, respectively). There were also differences in the AUC, RAUC and semi-quantitative grades between patients with and without diabetic macrovasculopathy and diabetic peripheral artery disease (all P < 0.05). The AUC, RAUC and semi-quantitative grading of IPN positively correlated with blood glucose and HbA1c (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION IPN is more common in DM patients who are younger, and have higher blood glucose and HbA1c concentrations, and these plaques are more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Dang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Litao Ruan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Metwally YG, Sedrak HK, Shaltout IF. The relationship between coronary artery severity and insulin resistance in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-020-00022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The relation between metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial, and the well-known risk factors can explain only about 25% of the disease as the relation between insulin resistance (IR) on top of MS and severity of CAD still a subject of debate with conflicting data. Also, IR and glucose intolerance are included in the definition of metabolic syndrome only by some associations. So, the aim of this research was to analyze the the relation between CAD severity (measured by the modified Gensini score) and the different components of the metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
Results
Out of 70 patients enrolled, 71.4% represented impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT group; n = 50) and 28.6% represented normal glucose tolerance group (NGT group; n = 20). The following variables were significantly greater among the IGT group including BMI (30.19 ± 2.27 vs 23.62 ± 2.92; P < 0.001), waist circumference (105.09 ± 8.02 vs 92.89 ± 19.92; P < 0.001), frequency of hypertension (80% vs 50%; P = 0.012), 2 h post prandial glucose (164 ± 30 vs 110 ± 20; P < 0. 04), fasting insulin (9.2 ± 1.2 vs 5.1 ± 4.3; P = 0.003), HOMA-IR (3.03 ± 0.12% vs 1.9 ± 0.12, P < 0.001), serum uric acid (4.8 ± 1.3 vs 5.8 ± 2.6; P = 0.03), mean modified Gensini score (22.3 ± 9.2 vs 15.4 ± 6.8; P < 0.001), while the mean serum HDL was significantly higher among the NGT group (40.8 ± 10.1 vs 50.6 ± 10.2; P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between HOMA–IR; hs-CRP; MS-related variables (including waist circumflex; BMI; serum uric acid; HDL; TG);and the modified Gensini score (for HOMA, r = 0.63; P < 0.001). Several predictors for high scores of modified Gensini were noted in multiple regression analysis; however, out of those several predictors, HOMA-IR was the strongest one (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = (2.04-7.08).
Conclusion
IR is an independent risk factor for CAD severity in patients with IGT and MS. In patients with IR; those with aggressive CAD (or with a positive family history of premature CAD), IGT should be managed aggressively even before any evidence of frank diabetes. IR workup should be recommended among the other standard workup for those patients, if documented, interventions targeted against IR should be considered among the other standard management.
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Zhao T, Gong HP, Dong ZQ, Du YM, Lu QH, Chen HQ. Predictive value of fasting blood glucose for serious coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic patients. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:152-158. [PMID: 30208754 PMCID: PMC6384470 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518798252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if high fasting blood glucose (FBG) level is an independent predictor of serious coronary lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We enrolled 64 patients who had symptoms of chest discomfort and who underwent coronary angiography. FBG was determined from blood samples and the extent of coronary artery lesions was analyzed according to Gensini score. We examined the relationships among diabetes, FBG, and coronary artery severity. Results Diabetes and FBG were significantly and positively related to Gensini score. Diabetes, but not FBG, was independently correlated with the occurrence of a Gensini score >41. However, FBG was significantly associated with Gensini score >41 in non-diabetic patients. Conclusion Hyperglycemia is an independent predictor of severe CAD in non-diabetic patients. Clinicians should be aware of this and should carry out appropriate early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Ping Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhao-Qiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Meng Du
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing-Hua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong Province, China
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Sun B, Zhao H, Liu X, Lu Q, Zhao X, Pu J, Xu J. Elevated hemoglobin A1c Is Associated with Carotid Plaque Vulnerability: Novel Findings from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Hypertensive Stroke Patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33246. [PMID: 27629481 PMCID: PMC5024110 DOI: 10.1038/srep33246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and carotid plaque vulnerability has been rarely studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The present study of MRI-identified carotid atherosclerotic lesions in hypertensive patients with acute stroke therefore sought to determine the associations between HbA1c level and plaque morphological and compositional characteristics and acute cerebral infarction (ACI) severity. Eighty hypertensive patients with acute stroke were enrolled; stratified into high (≥6.5%) and low (<6.5%) HbA1c groups; and underwent carotid and brain MRI to assess carotid plaque features and ACI volume in the region supplied by the internal carotid artery (ICA) in the symptomatic side. Plaque burden [percent wall volume (PWV), max wall thickness (max-WT)] and lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) were larger in the high as compared to the low HbA1c group. High HbA1c was an independent risk factor for the presence of plaque (odds ratio [OR] = 3.71) and LRNC plaque (OR = 7.08). HbA1c independently correlated with ACI severity among patients with ICA region cerebral infarction and carotid plaque. Our study suggested that an elevated HbA1c may have an adverse effect on carotid plaque vulnerability especially those with larger LRNC volumes in hypertensive stroke patients, which might exacerbate the severity of ACIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Sun
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihai Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, China
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Andriolo RB, Ponte Jr JR, Gomes Gutierrez E, Andriolo BNG, Ramos LR. Glycaemic control for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010811.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regis B Andriolo
- Universidade do Estado do Pará; Department of Public Health; Travessa Perebebuí, 2623 Belém Pará Brazil 66087-670
| | | | - Erickson Gomes Gutierrez
- Universidade Federal do Para; Department of Medicine; Avenida Governador Jose Malchar 1192 Belem Para Brazil 660055260
| | - Brenda NG Andriolo
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em Saúde; Brazilian Cochrane Centre; Rua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil 04038-000
| | - Luiz Roberto Ramos
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Department of Preventive Medicine; Rua dos Otonis, 731 Vila Clementino São Paulo São Paulo Brazil 04025-002
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Zhang X, Dong L, Wang Q, Xie X. The relationship between fasting plasma glucose and MPO in patients with acute coronary syndrome. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:93. [PMID: 26307104 PMCID: PMC4548711 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis, and hyperglycemia is a common feature in patients with ACS. We investigated the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and the levels of the inflammatory factor, myeloperoxidase (MPO), in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Method A total of 85 patients with no prior history of diabetes mellitus were recruited. The patients were divided into three groups based on their FPG levels as follows: group A, FPG < 5.6 mmol/l; group B, 5.6 mmol/l ≤ FPG < 6.1 mmol/l; and group C, FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/l. The FPG concentrations and plasma MPO levels were determined, coronary angioplasty was performed, and the Gensini scores were used to evaluate the severity of the coronary lesion. The MPO expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with ACS was determined using western blot analysis. Result The results demonstrated that the levels of FPG were significantly and positively correlated with plasma MPO levels, Gensini scores, high sensitive C reaction protein(hs-CRP)levels, leukocyte and neutrophils count. In multivariate regression analyses the FPG levels were positively correlated with plasma MPO levels, Gensini score and hs-CRP. The plasma MPO levels in the group C [68.68(52.62–91.88) U/L] were significantly higher than in the group A [63.04(26.18–97.75) U/L] and group B [58.22(23.95–89.54) U/L]. The plasma hs-CRP concentrations are also higher in group C [42.28 (0.31–169.40) mg/L] than in the group A [12.51(0.28–176.25) mg/L] and group B [14.7 (0.14–89.68) mg/L]. Conclusion This study demonstrates that FPG values are positively correlated with plasma MPO levels, suggesting MPO may play a role in the proatherogenesis of high FPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.
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Visceral fat area is associated with HbA1c but not dialysate-related glucose load in nondiabetic PD patients. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12811. [PMID: 26239161 PMCID: PMC4523850 DOI: 10.1038/srep12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with increased visceral fat area (VFA) have been well documented in the general population but rarely explored in nondiabetic individuals on peritoneal dialysis (PD). As glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is positively correlated with VFA in diabetic patients, we hypothesized that the same correlation would exist in nondiabetic PD patients. We enrolled 105 nondiabetic patients who had undergone chronic PD for more than 3 months. Each subject underwent an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, and the umbilicus cut was analyzed for VFA. VFA values, corrected for body mass index and subjected to natural logarithm transformations, were examined to determine whether they were correlated with HbA1c and other parameters. PD dialysates prescribed at the time of enrollment were recorded to calculate glucose load. We found that when 105 nondiabetic PD patients were classified according to tertiles of HbA1c, higher HbA1c was associated with larger VFA. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HbA1c was an independent determinant of VFA, while glucose load and other PD-specific factors were not. In summary, HbA1c, but not PD-related glucose load, was positively correlated with VFA in nondiabetic PD patients, suggesting clinical utility of HbA1c in the PD population.
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11
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Hong LF, Li XL, Guo YL, Luo SH, Zhu CG, Qing P, Xu RX, Wu NQ, Li JJ. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c as a marker predicting the severity of coronary artery disease and early outcome in patients with stable angina. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:89. [PMID: 24884794 PMCID: PMC4070346 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) has been widely recognized as a marker for predicting the severity of diabetes mellitus (DM) and several cardiovascular diseases. However, whether HbA1c could predict the severity and clinical outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) remains largely unknown. We determine relationship of HbA1c with severity and outcome in patients with stable CAD. Methods We enrolled 1433 patients with stable angina who underwent coronary angiography and were followed up for an average 12 months. The patients were classified into three groups by tertiles of baseline HbA1c level (low group <5.7%, n = 483; intermediate group 5.7 - 6.3%, n = 512; high group >6.3%, n = 438). The relationships between the plasma HbA1c and severity of CAD and early clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results High HbA1c was associated with three-vessel disease. Area under the receivers operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.63-0.71, P < 0.001) and multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that HbA1C was an independent predictor of severity of CAD (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.29-1.99, P < 0.001) even after adjusting for gender, age, risk factor of CAD, lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. During follow-up, 133 patients underwent pre-specified outcomes. After adjusting for multiple variables in the Cox regression model, HbA1C remained to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.45, P < 0.001). Conclusions We concluded that high level of baseline HbA1c appeared to be an independent predictor for the severity of CAD and poor outcome in patients with stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Larifla L, Armand C, Velayoudom-Cephise FL, Weladji G, Michel CT, Blanchet-Deverly A, Deloumeaux J, Foucan L. Distribution of coronary artery disease severity and risk factors in Afro-Caribbeans. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107:212-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bakuy V, Unal O, Gursoy M, Kunt A, Ozisik K, Sargon M, Emir M, Sener E. Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Internal Thoracic Artery Endothelial Morphology in Diabetic Coronary Bypass Patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97:851-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ashraf H, Boroumand MA, Amirzadegan A, Talesh SA, Davoodi G. Hemoglobin A1C in non-diabetic patients: an independent predictor of coronary artery disease and its severity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 102:225-32. [PMID: 24176244 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity in nondiabetic individuals. METHODS We enrolled 299 consecutive individuals undergoing coronary angiography for suspected ischemia. Patients were included if they had no history of prior revascularization or diabetes mellitus and had fasting blood glucose<126mg/dl (7.0mmol/l) and HbA1c<6.5% (47mmol/mol). The severity of the CAD was also evaluated using the Gensini score. Serum HbA1c (NGSP certified Method), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid profile, insulin and APO lipoprotein A1 and B100 levels were measured. RESULTS Mean age was 58.8±10.4 year; 60.9% men. One hundred forty seven patients had significant CAD (≥50% stenosis in any major vessel). With increasing HbA1c levels, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of CAD and number of vessels involved. In multivariate analysis, HbA1c emerged as an independent predictor of significant CAD (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-6.2, p=0.009). Adjusted ORs for the occurrence of CAD were highest in subjects with both hsCRP and HbA1c in the upper 2 quartiles (OR: 4.183; 95% CI: 1.883-9.290, p<0.0001). There was a significant association between Gensini score and increasing HbA1c tertiles (p=0.038). The ideal cut-off value of HbA1c for prediction of the occurrence of CAD was 5.6% 38mmol/mol) (sensitivity: 60.5%, specificity: 52%). CONCLUSIONS In non-diabetic subjects, HbA1c could be utilized for risk stratification of CAD and its severity, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Ashraf
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Gui MH, Li X, Lu ZQ, Gao X. Fasting plasma glucose correlates with angiographic coronary artery disease prevalence and severity in Chinese patients without known diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:333-40. [PMID: 22684266 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). While there is a clear association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with microvascular complications, the risk for CAD conferred by FPG is relatively less clear. Therefore, we investigate the association between different FPG and the prevalence and severity of angiographic CAD in high-risk Chinese patients without known diabetes. Among 1,419 subjects who were to undergo coronary angiography for the confirmation of suspected myocardial ischemia, 906 subjects without known diabetes were included in this study and categorized into four groups according to the level of FPG: group 1, ≤5.5 mmol/l; group 2, 5.6-6.0 mmol/l; group 3, 6.1-6.9 mmol/l; and group 4, ≥7.0 mmol/l. Significant angiographic CAD was defined as ≥50 % lumen diameter reduction in at least one major coronary artery in a given subject. The severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis were defined as the number of diseased vessels, the proportion of totally occluded vessel and the Gensini score. Associations between FPG and the prevalence and severity of CAD were assessed by logistic and linear stepwise regression analyses. The angiographic CAD prevalence, the number of diseased vessels, the totally occluded vessel, and the Gensini score increased corresponding to increasing FPG levels from ≤5.5 mmol/l to 5.6-6.0 mmol/l to 6.1-6.9 mmol/l to ≥7.0 mmol/l (P < 0.05). The FPG had significant association with angiographic CAD (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95 % CI, 1.19-1.98; P = 0.001) and the Gensini score (standardized regression coefficient = 0.172, P = 0.011). Compared with group 1, group 2, 3 and 4 demonstrated significantly higher CAD prevalence after adjustment (adjusted OR, 1.61 [1.16-2.19]; P = 0.015 for group 2; 1.49 [1.11-2.59]; P = 0.027 for group 3; and 4.19 [2.85-6.16]; P = 0.024 for group 4, respectively). FPG group was also significantly associated with the Gensini score (Standardized coefficients, 0.185; P = 0.007, respectively). FPG was an independent risk factor for the prevalence and severity of significant angiographic CAD in our study population. The severity of angiographic CAD increased along with the increasing FPG levels even in prediabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Gui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Zannad F, De Backer G, Graham I, Lorenz M, Mancia G, Morrow DA, Reiner Z, Koenig W, Dallongeville J, Macfadyen RJ, Ruilope LM, Wilhelmsen L. Risk stratification in cardiovascular disease primary prevention - scoring systems, novel markers, and imaging techniques. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 26:163-74. [PMID: 22220636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review and discuss current methods of risk stratification for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, emerging biomarkers, and imaging techniques, and their relative merits and limitations. This report is based on discussions that took place among experts in the area during a special CardioVascular Clinical Trialists workshop organized by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy in September 2009. Classical risk factors such as blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remain the cornerstone of risk estimation in primary prevention but their use as a guide to management is limited by several factors: (i) thresholds for drug treatment vary with the available evidence for cost-effectiveness and benefit-to-risk ratios; (ii) assessment may be imprecise; (iii) residual risk may remain, even with effective control of dyslipidemia and hypertension. Novel measures include C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) , genetic markers, and markers of subclinical organ damage, for which there are varying levels of evidence. High-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging to assess carotid atherosclerotic lesions have potential but require further validation, standardization, and proof of clinical usefulness in the general population. In conclusion, classical risk scoring systems are available and inexpensive but have a number of limitations. Novel risk markers and imaging techniques may have a place in drug development and clinical trial design. However, their additional value above and beyond classical risk factors has yet to be determined for risk-guided therapy in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Centre for Clinical Investigation, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, CHU Brabois, 54500 Vandoeuvre, France.
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