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Dong G, Xu S, Shi S. De Novo Biosynthesis of Free Vaccenic Acid with a Low Content of Oleic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16204-16211. [PMID: 37856078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Omega-7 (ω-7) fatty acids have potential application in the fields of nutraceutical, agricultural, and food industry. The natural ω-7 fatty acids are currently from plants or vegetable oils, which are unsustainable and limited by the availability of plant sources. Here, we developed an innovative biosynthetic route to produce vaccenic acid (C18:1 ω-7) while minimizing oleic acid (C18:1 ω-9) content in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have engineered S. cerevisiaeto produce C18:1 ω-7 by expressing a fatty acid elongase from Rattus norvegicus. To reduce the content of C18:1 ω-9, the endogenous desaturase Ole1 was replaced by the desaturase, which has specific activity on palmitoyl-coenzyme A (C16:0-CoA). Finally, the production of free C18:1 ω-7 was improved by optimizing the source of cytochrome b5 and overexpressing endoplasmic reticulum chaperones. After combining these strategies, the yield of C18:1 ω-7 was increased from 0 to 9.3 mg/g DCW and C18:1 ω-9 was decreased from 25.2 mg/g DCW to 1.6 mg/g DCW. This work shows a de novo synthetic pathway to produce the highest amount of free C18:1 ω-7 with a low content of C18:1 ω-9 in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genlai Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, North Third Ring Road 15, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhang D, Li Y, Liang M, Liang Y, Tian J, He Q, Yang B, Jin J, Zhu W. LC-MS/MS based metabolomics and proteomics reveal candidate biomarkers and molecular mechanism of early IgA nephropathy. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:51. [PMID: 36572849 PMCID: PMC9793667 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a globally common primary chronic glomerulopathy, is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of IgAN have yet to be demonstrated. There were no adequate and reliable plasma biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, especially at the early stage. In the present study, integrative proteomics and metabolomics were aimed at exploring the mechanism of IgAN and identifying potential biomarkers. METHODS Plasma from IgAN and healthy individuals were collected and analyzed in a randomized controlled manner. Data-independent acquisition quantification proteomics and mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics techniques were used to profile the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) between two groups and identify potential biomarkers for IgAN from health at the early stage. Disease-related pathways were screened out by clustering and function enrichment analyses of DEPs and DAMs. And the potential biomarkers for IgAN were identified through the machine learning approach. Additionally, an independent cohort was used to validate the priority candidates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of IgAN plasma showed that the complement and the immune system were activated, while the energy and amino acid metabolism were disordered in the IgAN patients. PRKAR2A, IL6ST, SOS1, and palmitoleic acid have been identified as potential biomarkers. Based on the AUC value for the training and test sets, the classification performance was 0.994 and 0.977, respectively. The AUC of the external validation of the four biomarkers was 0.91. CONCLUSION In this study, we combined proteomics and metabolomics techniques to analyze the plasma of IgAN patients and healthy individuals, constructing a biomarker panel, which could provide new insights and provide potential novel molecular diagnoses for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Yaohan Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310002 Zhejiang China
| | - Mingzhu Liang
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Yan Liang
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310002 Zhejiang China
| | - Qiang He
- grid.417400.60000 0004 1799 0055Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- grid.413273.00000 0001 0574 8737College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 China
| | - Juan Jin
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Zhu
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310002 Zhejiang China
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Tsoi KY, Zhu Y, Wu J, Sun Q, Hinkle SN, Li LJ, Chen Z, Weir NL, Tsai MY, Ma RC, Zhang C. Plasma Phospholipid Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons Cohort. Diabetes 2022; 71:2707-2715. [PMID: 36095049 PMCID: PMC9750941 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the role of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) remains understudied. We investigated the associations of plasma phospholipid MUFAs in early to mid-pregnancy with cardiometabolic biomarkers and GDM risk. From the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons cohort (2009-2013), we identified 107 women with GDM according to Carpenter and Coustan criteria and 214 control participants without GDM matched (2:1) on age, race/ethnicity, and gestational week (GW) of blood collection. MUFAs were measured at 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 GWs by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. We found that the concentration of total 18:1 MUFAs was significantly lower among women with GDM than those without GDM at 15-26 GWs. Each SD increment in the level of total 18:1 MUFAs was associated with a 40% lower risk of GDM at 15-26 GWs. Moreover, each SD increment in vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) levels at 10-14 and 15-26 GWs were associated with a 36% and 45% lower risk of GDM, respectively. Our extensive assessments of MUFAs advance our understanding of the unique associations of FA composition with GDM risk, suggesting the potentially beneficial role of MUFAs in GDM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Ying Tsoi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jing Wu
- Glotech, Inc., Rockville, MD
| | - Qi Sun
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefanie N. Hinkle
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Global Center for Asian Women’s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Natalie L. Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ronald C.W. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality (ACRLE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Global Center for Asian Women’s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
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Pipoyan D, Stepanyan S, Stepanyan S, Beglaryan M, Costantini L, Molinari R, Merendino N. The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns. Foods 2021; 10:2452. [PMID: 34681504 PMCID: PMC8535577 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on human organisms can vary according to their type, structure, composition, and origin. Even though the adverse health effects of industrial TFAs (iTFAs) have been widely discussed, the health effects of natural TFAs (nTFAs) are still questionable. Hence, it is important to review the literature and provide an overall picture on the health effects of different TFAs coming from industrial and ruminant sources, underlining those types that have adverse health effects as well as suggesting methods for reducing their harmful effects. Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, etc.) were searched with the key words "trans fatty acid sources", "ruminant", "industrial", "conjugated trans linoleic acid", "human", "coronary heart disease", "cancer", etc. Reference lists of the studies were scanned discussing the health effects of iTFAs and nTFAs. The review of the literature showed that iTFAs are found to be more harmful than ruminant-produced nTFAs. Although several beneficial effects (such as reduced risk of diabetes) for nTFAs have been observed, they should be used with caution. Since during labeling it is usually not mentioned whether the TFAs contained in food are of industrial or natural origin, the general suggestion is to reduce their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Pipoyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Stella Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Seda Stepanyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Meline Beglaryan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA, Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (D.P.); (S.S.); (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Lara Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Romina Molinari
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (L.C.); (R.M.)
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Macášek J, Zeman M, Žák A, Staňková B, Vecka M. Altered Indices of Fatty Acid Elongases ELOVL6, ELOVL5, and ELOVL2 Activities in Patients with Impaired Fasting Glycemia. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:386-392. [PMID: 33983851 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysregulation of fatty acids (FA) seems to participate in the pathogenesis of disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases, or some cancers. Activities of enzymes FA desaturases and elongases [elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (ELOVL)] significantly influence FA profile in different body compartments. Although the impact of activities of desaturases on cardiometabolic diseases was broadly studied, relatively little attention was devoted to the role of elongases. Methods: Case-control study was carried out in 36 patients (18 men/18 women) with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) without MetS and 36 age and gender-matched healthy controls. FA profiles in plasma phospholipids (PL) were assessed using gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector and indices of desaturase and elongase activities were calculated. Results: In the IFG group, we observed decreased estimated activities of ELOVL2 and ELOVL5, whereas higher estimated activities of elongase ELOVL6 were noted. IFG group was also characterized by altered composition of plasma PL FA, above all by lower percentage of cis-vaccenic acid (cVA; 18:1n-7) and of total polyunsaturated FA n-6, especially linoleic acid, and by higher proportion of stearic acid and gamma-linolenic acid. Concurrently, elevated estimated activities of desaturases delta-9-desaturase (D9D), D6D were found. Conclusions: Lower estimated activities of ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 with lowered proportion of PL cVA could be associated with disturbances of glucose homeostasis development and their corresponding indices could serve as biomarkers of such risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Macášek
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Zeman
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Žák
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Biotechnology tools and applications for development of oilseed crops with healthy vegetable oils. Biochimie 2020; 178:4-14. [PMID: 32979430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils, consisting principally of triacylglycerols (TAG), are major sources of calories and essential fatty acids in the human diet. The fatty acid composition of TAG is a primary determinant of the nutritional quality and health-promoting properties of vegetable oils. TAG fatty acid composition also affects the functionality and properties of vegetable oils in food applications and in food processing and preparation. Vegetable oils with improved nutritional and functional properties have been developed for oilseed crops by selection and breeding of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants. These efforts have been effective at generating vegetable oils with altered relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAG, but are constrained by insufficient genetic diversity for producing oils with "healthy" fatty acids that are not typically found in major oilseeds. The development and application of biotechnological tools have instead enabled the generation of oilseeds that produce novel fatty acid compositions with improved nutritional value by the introduction of genes from alternative sources, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. These tools have also allowed the generation of desired oil compositions that have proven difficult to obtain by breeding without compromised performance in selected oilseed crops. Here, we review biotechnological tools for increasing crop genetic diversity and their application for commercial or proof-of-principal development of oilseeds with expanded utility for food and feed applications and higher value nutritional and nutraceutical markets.
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